2023 자이스토리 고2 수2-1

lim (3x+1) 7 lim (-2x+1) -3 xÛ`-1 xÛ`-9
x Ú2+ x Ú2- lim 2 lim 6

x Ú1 x-1 x Ú3 x-3
x
lim |x| 0 lim 1 xÛ`-x-6
x Ú0+ |x|
x Ú0-
lim -5 lim 'Ä2x-1 1
x Ú-2 x+2 x Ú1
xÛ`-1
lim -2 x-4 x
x Ú1- |x-1| lim '2+2 lim 2
x Ú2 'x-2 x Ú0 'Äx+1-1
f(x) lim f(x)=a a f(x) x=alim
x Úa
f(x) a
f(x)=a x=a f(x) x+1 (x¾0)
x Úa f(x)=[ lim f(x)+ lim f(x)
a -x-1 (x<0) x Ú0+ x Ú0-
a x=a 0
x=a
lim f(x)=a HK lim f(x)= lim f(x)=a lim f(x)
lim f(x)=a HK lim f(x)= lim f(x)=a

x Úa x Úa+ x Úa- x Úa
lim f(x)
Ú lim f(x) f(x) 3x+2 xÛ`-x+1
x Úa-
lim 3 lim ;2!;
Û lim f(x) x Ú¦ x+1 x Ú¦ 2xÛ`+3
Ú lim f(x)
x Úa+
lim f(x) 1
Ü lim f(x)+ lim f(x) x Ú1-
lim f(x)=a lim g(x)=b (a b x`Úa+ x`Úa- x`Ú¦ x`Ú-¦ x Úa- x Úa- x Úa+ 6x+2 3x
x Úa x Úa lim lim
Û lim f(x) x Ú¦ 3xÛ`+x+1
0
x Ú¦ "ÃxÛ`+4x-7
3
x Úa+
lim kf(x)=klim f(x)=ka k
x Úa x Úa
lim f(x)=a lim g(x)=b (a b x`Úa+ x`Úa- x`Ú¦ x`Ú-¦ Ü lim f(x)+ lim f(x)
x Úa- x Úa+
x Úa x Úa lim {f(x)Ñg(x)}=lim f(x)Ñlim g(x)=aÑb f(x) g(x)
x Úa x Úa x Úa
f(x)
lim kf(x)=klim f(x)=ka klim f(x)g(x)=lim f(x)_lim g(x)=ab lim
x Ú¦ g(x)
x Úa x Úa x Úa x Úa x Úa
g(x)
lim f(x) <
lim { f(x)Ñg(x)}=lim f(x)Ñlim f(x) a
limg(x)=aÑb
= x Úa = g(x)+0 b+0) f(x) ¦g(x) -¦ lim g(x)
x Úa x Úa x Úa
x Úa g(x) lim g(x) b x Ú-0+
x Úa
= 0
f(x)
lim f(x)g(x)=lim f(x)_lim g(x)=ab lim
x Ú¦ g(x)
x Úa x Úa x Úa
lim f(x) < >

f(x) a xÛ`+2x+a
= x Úa
0
lim = g(x)+0 b+0)
k f(x) x=k ¦ -¦ lim a
x Úa g(x) lim g(x) b x=k f(k) lim f(x)=f(k)
=
x Ú-1 x+1
1
x Úa
x Úk
0 h(x)
0 ;2!;x+a
lim h(x) 3 a b lim =b
f(x) g(x) x Ú--1- x Ú2 x-2
>
-;2!;
f(x)
lim
x Ú¦ g(x)
=a a a+b
0
k f(x) ¦x=k a+0
x=k ¦
f(k) lim f(x)=f(k) f(x)
x Úk a=
0 `¦-¦ g(x)
0 a=0
f(x) g(x)
g(x) f(x)
¦ 0 f(x) g(x)
`¦_0
¦ 0 f(x)
lim =a a
x Ú¦ g(x)
f(x) g(x) lim f(x)=-1 x f(x)
¦ a+0
a+0
x Ú1
lim g(x)=6 lim f(x)

¦ f(x) f(x)=x-1 g(x)=x+1 x Ú1 x Ú¦
f(x) a=
`¦-¦ a f(x) g(x) lim =a(a g(x) lim f(x)=lim (x-1)=0
x Úa g(x) x Ú1 x Ú1
lim 8f(x) -8 lim { f(x)+g(x)} 5 3xÛ`+1 3x+1
f(x) g(x) f(x) x-1 0 x Ú1 x Ú1 Éf(x)É x 3
lim g(x)=0 lim f(x)=0 lim =lim = =0 xÛ`
x Úa x Úa a=0 x+1 2
g(x)x Ú1 g(x) x Ú1f(x) lim { f(x)-g(x)} lim f(x)g(x) -6
a+0) x Ú1 x Ú1 x+7<(x+1)f(x)<x+9 1
¦lim
x Úa
f(x)=00 lim g(x)=0
x Úa lim g(x)=lim (x+1)=2+0
-7
`¦_0 x Ú1 x Ú1
¦ 0 lim
f(x)
x Ú1 g(x) -;6!;
a x
a f(x) g(x) h(x) a+0 f(x)<g(x)
lim f(x)=a lim g(x)=b (a b
x Úa f(x)
x Úa
f(x)=x-1 g(x)=x+1
lim f(x)=lim g(x)
x Úa x Úa lim "ÃxÛ`+15x+13-"ÃxÛ`-13x) 14
lim f(x)=lim (x-1)=0 y=f(x) x Ú¦
a f(x) g(x) lim
f(x)Ég(x) =a(a
aÉb x Ú1 x Ú1
f(x)<g(x) lim
x Úa g(x) x Úa
lim "ÃxÛ`+15x+13-"ÃxÛ`-13x)=lim 28x+13
=14
f(x) x-1 lim0 f(x)Élim g(x) x Ú¦ x Ú¦
"ÃxÛ`+15x+13+"ÃxÛ`-13x
f(x)Éh(x)Ég(x) a=b lim h(x)=a lim =lim x Úa =0
= x Úa
lim g(x)=0 lim f(x)=0 x Úa x Ú1 g(x) x Ú1 x+1 2
x Úa x Úa
lim f(x)=0 lim g(x)=0 a+0)

x Úa x Úa lim g(x)=lim (x+1)=2+0
x Ú1 x Ú1
a x lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

x Ú2+ x Ú0-
a f(x) g(x) h(x) f(x)<g(x)
lim f(x)=a lim g(x)=b (a b lim f(x)=lim g(x) -2 -1 0
x Úa x Úa x Úa x Úa
( 2xÛ`+ax+1 (x<1) 1 2 xÛ`-4
f(x)Ég(x) aÉb f(x)<g(x) lim lim =b b+0) a b
f(x)={ 7 x Úa
(x=1) lim f(x)=0
x Ú 2+
lim f(x)=2
x Ú 0-
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)=2
x Ú 2+ x Ú 0-
x Ú2 xÛ`+ax
lim f(x)Élim g(x)
f(x)Éh(x)Ég(x) a=b limf(x)
h(x)=aa 9 -3x+b
x Úa x Úa (x>1) a+b
x Úa
f(x) x=a
a+b a b -4 -2 0
Ú f(x) x=a
2 4
Û lim f(x)
x Úa
11 12 13 lim(xÛ`+ax)=0 4+2a=0 a=-2
x Ú-2
Ü lim f(x)=f(a)
x Úa (x+2)(x-2)
14 15 lim xÛ`-4 =lim =lim
x+2
=2=b a+b=0
x Ú2 xÛ`-2x x Ú2 x(x-2) x Ú2 x
lim f(x)= lim (2xÛ`+ax+1)=a+3
x+a x g(x) x Ú1- x Ú1-
(x-2)(x+1)
lim f(x)= lim (-3x+b)=-3+b lim
g(x) (x+a) x Ú1+ x Ú1+ x Ú2 x-2
단계별 서술하기 + 스스로 서술하기

f(x)=[ x
k (x=a) f(1)=7
lim g(x)=k a+3=7 a=4 -3+b=7 b=10 1 2 3
x Úa
a+b=4+10=14 4 5
x<a g(x) x¾a h(x)
(x-2)(x+1)
g(x) (x<a) lim =lim (x+1)=3
x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2
f(x)=[
h(x) (x¾a)
lim g(x)=h(a)
x Úa-
xÛ`+3 (x+3)
f(x)=[ f(x) x f(4+x)=f(4-x)
a (x=3)
f(x)
a lim =1 f(0)
x Ú2 x-2
9 10 11 -3 -2 -1
12 13 xÛ`-4 0 1
3x+6 (x<2) lim
f(x)=[ f(x) x=3 x Ú2 'Äx+2-2
}
f(x) x f(4+x)=f(4-x) x=4
aÛ` 4} C={2 -a a b} xÛ`+ax-4 (x¾2)
a
A={x|x 40
f(3)= lim f(x)
x Ú3
a=f(3)= lim (xÛ`+3)=12

12 16 20
f(x)
x Ú3 lim =1 lim f(x)=0`jK f(2)=0
24 28 x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2
6
aÛ`+bÛ` f(x) x=2
lim f(x)= lim f(x)=f(2)
x B lim
x Ú2
xÛ`-4
=lim
(xÛ`-4) 'Äx+2+2)
'Äx+2-2 x Ú2 'Äx+2-2) 'Äx+2+2)
f(x)
f(x) x=4
x-2
f(2)=0 f(6)=0
x Ú2- x Ú2+ (x-2)(x+2) 'Äx+2+2) f(x) x-6
=lim
lim (3x+6)= lim (xÛ`+ax-4)=2a
x Ú2- x Ú2+
x Ú2 'Äx+2)Û`-2Û` f(x)=k(x-2)(x-6) k
12=2a (x-2Z)(x+2) 'Äx+2+2) k(x-2Z)(x-6)
k=-;4!;
=lim
a=6 lim =k(2-6)=-4k=1
x Ú2 x-2Z x Ú2 x-2Z
4xÛ`-a (x<1)
f(x)=[
=lim(x+2) 'Äx+2+2)=4_ 'Ä2+2+2)=16 f(x)=-;4!;(x-2)(x-6) f(0)=-;4!;(0-2)(0-6)=-3
x Ú2
xÜ`+a (x¾1)
f(x) x=2 B,A a

n(B)=5
lim f(x)=a+2 lim f(x)=3a-2
x Ú2- x Ú2+ ;2#; 2 ;2%;
a+f(2) 5-3 f '(x)

x=-3 x=a
[3 4] y=f(x)
[3 4]
y=f(x) (a b)
x x f(x) 1 f(x) g(x) n f(x) g(x)=:)/` f(t)dt g(x) (n+1)
g(x) g'(x)=f(x) y=g(x) f(x)
( f(x) (x>2f(x))
g(x)={ 1 g(1)=0
(xÉ2f(x))
9 f(x) f(x) My Top Secret
lim =(n-1)(n-2) (n=1 2 3 4)
x Ún g(x)
f{;2&;}=2 ;2&;<2f{;2&;} k f(x)=0
k k¾3 k 0
f(x) f(x)
g(5) lim =0 lim =0 2 k 1 k
g {;2&;}=;2!; lim g(x)=a lim g(x)=b x Ú1 g(x) x Ú 2 g(x)
a b c
x Ú8+ x Ú8-
4 6 8
a 16 10 12
b
a f(x)=(x-1)Û`(x-2) g(x)=(x-1)(x-c)(x-d)
a= lim g(x)= lim 4=4 b= lim g(x)= lim ;4!;=;4!; =16
x Ú8+ x Ú8+ x Ú8- x Ú8- b f(x) f(x)
lim =2 lim =6
x Ú 3 g(x) x Ú 4 g(x)
3(c+d)-cd=8 4(c+d)-cd=15 c+d=7 cd=13

g(5)=4(5-c)(5-d)=4{25-5(c+d)+cd}=12
f(x)
x Úà Ú`0 y=f(x) (t f(t))
xÜ`f{;[!;}-1
Ú`0 f(x)
a(a+0) b k f(x) lim =5 lim =;3!; y=f '(t)(x-t)+f(t)
x Ú0+xÜ`+x x Ú1 xÛ`+x-2
( axÛ`+(2b-3)x+aÛ`-3 (x<k) f(2) 10 y=f(x) y=xÜ` y=xÜ`-4 f(5)

xÛ ` +ax
f(x)={ a b lim
x-1
=b a+b y=xÜ`-4 y=xÜ` y -4
9 -;3!;axÛ`+(b+5)x+aÛ`-1 (x¾k)
x Ú1
f(x)=xÜ`+5xÛ `+ax-(a+6)=(x-1)(xÛ `+6x+a+6)
y=f(x)
lim (x-1)(xÛ
(x-1)=0 `+6x+a+6) a+13lim (xÛ`+ax)=0
Ú1 ; jK a=-12 b=6
lim
x Ú1 = =;3!
x
x Ú1 (x-1)(x+2) 3
-2 -1
f(x)=xÜ`+5xÛ`-12x+6 0
jK f(2)=8+20-24+6=10
11 13 15 17 19
| f(t)| | f(t)|
g(x)= lim - lim 1 2
t Úx+ f(t) t Úx- f(t)
x x=a x=b
f(x) g(x)
f(x) a g(x)=xÜ` h(x)=xÜ`-4 g '(x)=3xÛ` h'(x)=3xÛ`
Ú x=-1 lim f(x)=0 lim y=f(x) y=g(x) y=h(x)
a lim f(x) x Ú-1-
A(0 f(x)=3
x Ú-1+
3)
x Úa (a aÜ`) (b bÜ`-4) a+b
lim f(x)< lim f(x) 1
|+2
x x Ú-1- x Ú-1+ y=3aÛ`(x-a)+aÜ` y
y=g(x) y=-4|logª x Úa+ f(x) x a P(x y)
a x=a
2 (a aÜ`) f '(a)=3aÛ` y=f(x)
f(x) lim f(x)=a
5 P y
x Úa+ y-aÜ`=3aÛ`(x-a) y=3aÛ`(x-a)+aÜ` a+b
f(1)
Û x=1 PHÓ Û`
lim f(x)=-1 lim f(x)=1 g(x) g(x) x=3
x Ú1- H lim
x Ú1+
x Ú¦ PAÓ
k=p+q'¶17 16(p+q) p lim
q f(x)< lim f(x)
x Ú1- x Ú1+
g(x)
28 g(x) x=3
|+2
x
y=g(x) y=-4|logª
2 2 4 6 lim g(x)= lim g(x)=g(3) x=3
x Ú3- x Ú3+
5 (1 -2) ('2
lim 0)
x
=1 8x Ú 0 Ú0
10 Ú0 f(x) x=a
a b
(2 2) (2'2 0) (4 -2) g(1)=g(4)=-2 g(2)=2x Ú 0 f(x) Û` 8y-8
lim PHÓ =lim xÛ` =lim =8 lim f(x)=xlim
x Úa- Úa+
f(x)=f(a)
f(1)=f(2)=f(4)=0 f(0)=0 y x Ú¦ PAÓ x Ú¦ y+1 y Ú¦ y+1
3xÛ`-9x+6 (x<k)
f(x)=[
-xÛ`+2x+8 (x¾k)
lim (3xÛ`-9x+6)= lim (-xÛ`+2x+8) (2 4) (-1 1)
x Úk- x Úk+
3kÛ`-9k+6=-kÛ`+2k+8
11+3'¶17 1-4
k=
8 y-1= (x+1) y=x+2
11 3 11 3 14 -1-2
p= q= 16(p+q)=16_{ + }=16_ f(x)=xÜ
=28 `+axÛ`+bx+c
8 8 8 8 8 1 y=f(x)
y=x+2 x=2 x=-1
f(x)-(x+2)=0 x=2 x=-1
f(x)-(x+2)=(x-2)Û`(x+1)
f(x) f(x)
f(x)=(xÜ`-3xÛ`+4)+(x+2) 1 f(x)-(x+2)
=xÜ`-3xÛ`+x+6 1
f '(x)=3xÛ`-6x+1
f(x) k x Úk
f '(3)=3_3Û`-6_3+1=10
x=k
lim f(x)=f(k)
x Úk
8 3
<
É
f(x)g(x) 3 2É3 2æ¾2
2 f(x)g(x)
:Ab` {f(x)-f(b)}dx<
2 -4 (b-a){ f(a)-f(b)}
2
f(x)g(x)=2xÛ`(x-2) f(x)
:Ab` {f(x)-f(b)}dxÉ
(b-a){ f(a)-f(b)}
f(x)
2
Ñ1 Ñ2
f(2) f(x) x-2
f(2) 0 f(2) f(x)=2xÛ`
;0);
;0); ;0);
¦
¦
;0);
¦-¦
¦_0 ;0);
1
f(x) lim f(x)=a a x=a f(x)
x Úa
a
x=a
lim f(x)=a HK lim f(x)= lim f(x)=a lim f(x)

Ú lim f(x)
x Úa-
Û lim f(x)
x Úa+
lim f(x)=a lim g(x)=b (a b x`Úa+ x`Úa- x`Ú¦ x`Ú-¦ Ü lim f(x)+ lim f(x)
x Úa- x Úa+
x Úa x Úa
lim kf(x)=klim f(x)=ka k

x Úa x Úa
lim {f(x)Ñg(x)}=lim f(x)Ñlim g(x)=aÑb f(x) g(x)

x Úa x Úa x Úa
f(x)
lim f(x)g(x)=lim f(x)_lim g(x)=ab lim
x Ú¦ g(x)
x Úa x Úa x Úa
lim f(x) <

f(x) a
lim = x Úa = g(x)+0 b+0) ¦ -¦
x Úa g(x) lim g(x) b =
x Úa
>
0
k f(x) x=k
x=k f(k) lim f(x)=f(k)
x Úk
0
0
f(x) g(x)
f(x)
lim =a a
x Ú¦ g(x)
¦ a+0
¦ f(x)
a=
`¦-¦ g(x)
f(x) g(x)
a=0 g(x) f(x)
¦ 0
`¦_0
¦ 0
a+0
f(x)=x-1 g(x)=x+1
f(x) lim f(x)=lim (x-1)=0
a f(x) g(x) lim =a(a x Ú1 x Ú1
x Úa g(x)
f(x) x-1 0
lim g(x)=0 lim f(x)=0 lim =lim = =0
x Ú1 g(x) x Ú1 x+1 2
x Úa x Úa
lim f(x)=0 lim g(x)=0 a+0)

x Úa x Úa lim g(x)=lim (x+1)=2+0
x Ú1 x Ú1
a x
a f(x) g(x) h(x) f(x)<g(x)
lim f(x)=a lim g(x)=b (a b lim f(x)=lim g(x)
x Úa
x Úa x Úa x Úa
f(x)Ég(x) aÉb f(x)<g(x) lim

x Úa
lim f(x)Élim g(x)

f(x)Éh(x)Ég(x) a=b lim h(x)=a x Úa x Úa
x Úa
lim (3x+1) 7 lim (-2x+1) -3 xÛ`-1 xÛ`-9
x Ú2+ x Ú2- lim 2 lim 6
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú3 x-3
x
lim |x| 0 lim 1 xÛ`-x-6
x Ú0- x Ú0+ |x| lim -5 lim 'Ä2x-1 1
x Ú-2 x+2 x Ú1
xÛ`-1
lim -2 x-4 x
x Ú1- |x-1| lim '2+2 lim 2
x Ú2 'x-2 x Ú0 'Äx+1-1
x+1 (x¾0)
f(x)=[ lim f(x)+ lim f(x)
-x-1 (x<0) x Ú0+ x Ú0-
0
f(x) 3x+2 xÛ`-x+1

lim 3 lim ;2!;
x Ú¦ x+1 x Ú¦ 2xÛ`+3
lim f(x) 1
x Ú1-
6x+2 3x
lim 0 lim 3
x Ú¦ 3xÛ`+x+1 x Ú¦ "ÃxÛ`+4x-7
g(x)
lim g(x)
x Ú-0+
0
xÛ`+2x+a
lim a
x Ú-1 x+1
1
h(x)
;2!;x+a
lim h(x) 3 a b lim =b
x Ú--1- x Ú2 x-2
a+b -;2!;
f(x) g(x) lim f(x)=-1 x f(x)

x Ú1
lim g(x)=6 lim f(x)

x Ú1 x Ú¦
lim 8f(x) -8 lim { f(x)+g(x)} 5 3xÛ`+1 3x+1

x Ú1 x Ú1 Éf(x)É x 3
xÛ`
lim { f(x)-g(x)} lim f(x)g(x) -6
x Ú1 x Ú1 x+7<(x+1)f(x)<x+9 1
-7
f(x)
lim -;6!;
x Ú1 g(x)
y=f(x)
x a a
f(x) a a x=a
f(x) lim f(x)=a
x Úa-
x a a
f(x) b b x=a
f(x) lim f(x)=b
x Úa+
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

x Ú-1+ x Ú1-
-1 0 1
2 3
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)=2+1=3
x Ú-1+ x Ú1-
x a a x`Úà+
x a a
x`Úà-
y=f(x)
y=f(x)
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

x Ú0- x Ú1+
lim f(x)- lim f(x)

1 2 3 x Ú0- x Ú1+
4 5 -2 -1 0
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)=0+3=3 1 2
x Ú0- x Ú1+
lim f(x)- lim f(x)=2-1=1

x Ú0- x Ú1+
y=f(x) y=f(x)
f(3)+ lim f(x)

x Ú1-
1 2 3
4 5
f(3)+ lim f(x)=1+1=2
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)
x Ú-1+ x Ú1-
x Ú1-
1 2 3
4 5
x Ú-1+ x Ú1-
y=f(x)
y=f(x)
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

x Ú-1- x Ú1+
lim f(x)_ lim f(x)

-1 0 1 x Ú0- x Ú1+
2 3 -2 -1 0
x Ú-1- x Ú1+ 1 2
lim f(x)_ lim f(x)=2_1=2
x Ú0- x Ú1+
y=f(x) y=f(x)
f(0)+ lim f(x)

x Ú1+
f(3)+ lim f(x)

x Ú1- 1 2 3
-2 -1 0 4 5
1 2 f(0)+ lim f(x)=1+2=3
x Ú1+
f(3)+ lim f(x)=1+1=2

x Ú1-
[-2 2] y=f(x)
y=f(x)
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

x Ú-1+ x Ú1-
1 2 3
4 5
x Ú-1+ x Ú1-
y=f(x)
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)
x Ú-2+ x Ú2-
2 3 4
5 6
x Ú-2+ x Ú2-
f(0)+ lim f(x)

x Ú2+
5 6 7
8 9
f(0)+ lim f(x)=3+5=8
x Ú2+
y=f(x) y=f(x)
lim f(x)- lim f(x) lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

x Ú-1- x Ú1+ x Ú-1- x Ú0+
-2 -1 0
-1 0 1
1 2
2 3
lim f(x)- lim f(x)=2-1=1
x Ú-1- x Ú1+
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)=2+(-1)=1
x Ú-1- x Ú0+
y=f(x)
y=f(x)
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

x Ú0- x Ú1+ lim f(x)+ lim f(x)
x Ú1- x Ú2+
-1 0 1 1 2 3
2 3 4 5
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)=-1+2=1 lim f(x)+ lim f(x)=1+1=2
x Ú0- x Ú1+ x Ú1- x Ú2+
y=f(x) y=f(x)
y
y=f(x)
3
O 2 x
lim f(x)+ lim f(x) lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

x Ú-1- x Ú1+ x Ú0+ x Ú2-
1 2 3 1 2 3
4 5 4 5
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)=1+3=4 lim f(x)+ lim f(x)=1+3=4
x Ú-1- x Ú1+ x Ú0+ x Ú2-
y=f(x)
x=a f(x) x=a
f(x)
lim f(x)=a`jK lim f(x)= lim f(x)=a

x Úa x Úa- x Úa+
f(x) x=a
f(x) x=a
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)
x Ú0- x Ú1+
-2 -1 0 Ú
1 2 Û
x Ú0- x Ú1+
-3<x<3 y=f(x)
2xÜ`+3 (x¾1)
f(x)=[ lim f(x)
xÜ`+k (x<1) x Ú1
1 2 3
4 5
lim f(x)= lim (2xÜ`+3)=2_1Ü`+3=5 y

x Ú1+ x Ú1+
lim f(x)= lim (xÜ`+k)=1Ü`+k=1+k y

x Ú1- x Ú1-
= 5=1+k k=4
lim f(x)> lim f(x) a

x Úa- x Úa+
-3<a<3)
{x|-1ÉxÉ3}
-2 -1 0 y=f(x)
1 2
Ú x=-1 lim f(x)< lim f(x)
x Ú-1- x Ú-1+
Û x=0 lim f(x)> lim f(x) Ü x=1 lim f(x)< lim f(x)
x Ú0- x Ú0+ x Ú1- x Ú1+
a 0
{x|-2ÉxÉ2}
lim f(x)
y=f(x) 0 2 x Ú1
lim f(x)
x x Ú2
f(-x)=-f(x) -1<a<1 a lim f(x)

x Úa
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

x Ú-1+ x Ú2-
-3 -1
0 1 lim f(x)=0 lim f(x)=-2 lim f(x)+ lim f(x)
x Ú 1+ x Ú 1- x Ú 1+ x Ú 1-
3 lim f(x)
x Ú1
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)
x Ú -1+ x Ú 2-
=-1+(-2)=-3
y=f(x) 0<k<5 f(x) g(x)
lim f(x) k lim f(x)=1 lim {2f(x)+g(x)}=8
x Úk x Ú2 x Ú2
y lim g(x)
x Ú2
y=f(x)
2
2 4 6
1 8 10
lim g(x)=lim{2f(x)+g(x)-2f(x)}
x x Ú2 x Ú2
O 1 2 3 5
=lim{2f(x)+g(x)}-lim 2f(x)=8-2=6
x Ú2 x Ú2
5 6 7
8 9
0<x<5 f(x) x 2 3
k=2 k=3
k 2+3=5
f(x) lim(x-1)f(x)=3
x Ú1
lim(xÛ`-1)f(x)
x Ú1
5 6 7
8 9
lim(xÛ`-1)f(x)=lim(x+1)(x-1)f(x)
x Ú1 x Ú1
=lim(x+1)_lim(x-1)f(x)=2_3=6
x Ú1 x Ú1
f(x) g(x) lim f(x)=a lim g(x)=b
x Úa x Úa
lim kf(x)=klim f(x)=ka` k

x Úa x Úa
lim { f(x)+g(x)}=lim f(x)+lim g(x)=a+b

x Úa x Úa x Úa
lim { f(x)-g(x)}=lim f(x)-lim g(x)=a-b

x Úa x Úa x Úa
f(x) g(x)
lim f(x)g(x)=lim f(x)_lim g(x)=ab
x Úa x Úa x Úa
f(x) g(x)
lim f(x) lim =8 lim =;2!;
f(x) a x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 xÛ`-1
lim = x Úa = ` lim g(x)+0 b+0)
x Úa g(x) lim`g(x) b x Úa (x+1)f(x)
x Úa lim 16
x Ú1 g(x)
(x+1)f(x) (x-1)(x+1)f(x)
lim =lim
x Ú1 g(x) x Ú1 (x-1)g(x)
x`Úà+ x`Úà- x`Ú`¦ x`Ú`-¦ f(x) xÛ`-1
=lim[ _ ]
x Ú1 x-1 g(x)
f(x) xÛ`-1
=lim _lim
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 g(x)
=8_2=16
f(x-2) f(x) lim (x+1)f(x)=6

f(x) lim =15 x Ú2
x Ú2 x-2
lim (xÛ`+ax-1)f(x)=26 a+f(2)
2x f(x-2) x Ú2
lim
x Ú2 xÛ`+x-6 a
12 10 8 6 7 8
6 4 9 10
2xf(x-2) 2xf(x-2) f(x-2) 2x lim (x+1)f(x)=3_lim f(x)=6
lim =lim =lim _lim x Ú2 x Ú2
x Ú2 xÛ`+x-6 x Ú2 (x-2)(x+3) x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2 x+3
2_2 lim f(x)=2 f(2)=2

=15_ =12 x Ú2
2+3
lim (xÛ`+ax-1)f(x)=(2a+3)_2=26
x Ú2
2a+3=13 2a=10 a=5

a+f(2)=5+2=7
f(x) lim(x+1)f(x)=1
x Ú1
lim(2xÛ`+1)f(x)=a 20a 30
x Ú1
lim (x+1)f(x)=1 g(x)=(x+1)f(x) lim g(x)=1 f(x) a

x Ú1 x Ú1
g(x) lim f(x)=f(a)
[(2xÛ`+1)_ ]=lim`
2xÛ`+1
lim (2xÛ`+1)f(x)=lim
x Ú1 x Ú1 x+1 x Ú1
_lim g(x)
x+1 x Ú1 x Úa
0
(2xÛ`+1)f(x)=;2#;_1=;2#;
x
20a=20_;2#;=30
lim f(x) f(x)

x Úa
x=a +0 y=f(x) x=a
f(x) g(x) x=a lim f(x)=f(a)
x Úa
lim{2f(x)-3g(x)}=1 lim g(x)=¦ x=a
x Ú¦ x Ú¦
4f(x)+g(x)
lim
x Ú¦ 3f(x)-g(x)
1 2 3
4 5 xÛ`+7
lim 11
h(x)=2f(x)-3g(x) x Ú2 x-1
lim
h(x)
= lim h(x)_ lim
1
=1_0=0 lim xÛ`+7 = 2Û`+7 =11
x Ú¦ g(x) x Ú¦ x Ú¦ g(x) x Ú2x-1 2-1
3g(x)+h(x)
4[ ]+g(x)
4f(x)+g(x) 2
lim = lim
x Ú¦ 3f(x)-g(x) x Ú¦ 3g(x)+h(x)
3[ ]-g(x)
2
14g(x)+4h(x) 14+4_0
= lim = =2
x Ú¦ 7g(x)+3h(x) 7+3_0
lim(3xÛ`+2)
x Ú1
f(x) g(x)
5 6 7
8 9
lim (3xÛ`+2)=3_1Û`+2=5
x Ú1
lim f(x) lim g(x)
x Úa x Úa
lim { f(x)+g(x)}
x Úa
g(x)
lim f(x) lim
x Úa x Úa f(x)
lim g(x)
x Úa
lim (xÛ`+5) 9
lim { f(x)+g(x)} lim { f(x)-g(x)} x Ú2
x Úa x Úa
lim(xÛ`+5)=2Û`+5=4+5=9
x Ú2
lim f(x)
x Úa
1 (x¾a) -1 (x¾a)
f(x)=[ g(x)=[
-1 (x<a) 1 (x<a) lim(xÛ`+3x+1) 5
x Ú1
lim f(x) lim g(x)
x Úa x Úa lim (xÛ`+3x+1)=1Û`+3_1+1=5
x Ú1
f(x)+g(x)=0 lim { f(x)+g(x)}=0
x Úa
xÜ`
lim 27
x Ú3 x-2 x x
lim xÜ` 3Ü`
= =27
x Ú3 x-2 3-2
lim |x-1|
x Ú1
|x-2|
lim
x Ú2 xÛ`-4
[x]Û`
lim
lim 'Ä2x+9 3 x Ú3 x+3
x Ú0
lim 'Ä2x+9='9=3
x Ú0
|x-2| |x-2|
lim + lim
x Ú 2+ xÛ`-4 x Ú 2- xÛ`-4
|x-a|-(a-1) [x]Û` [x]Û`

a>1 lim lim + lim
x Ú 3+ x+3 x Ú 3- x+3
x Ú1 x-1
1 ;2!; 0
-1 -2
|x-a|-(a-1) -(x-a)-(a-1) -x+1
lim =lim =lim =-1
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1 x Ú 1 x-1
a b c
[x] [x] x
n
nÉx<n+1 [x]=n lim [x]=n
x Ún+ x
lim =a
n-1Éx<n [x]=n-1 lim [x]=n-1 x Ú0- [x]
x Ún-
[x]
[x+2]
x lim =b
x Ú0- x+2
[x-1]
[x]Éx<[x]+1 x-1<[x]Éx lim =c
x Ú0+ x-1
0Éa<1 a x=[x]+a [x]=x-a
a<b<c a<c<b b<a<c

b<c<a c<a<b
Ú lim [x]=-1 x = 0 =0
lim a=0
x`Ú0- [x] -1
x`Ú0-
f(x)=[xÛ`]-a[x] lim f(x) [x+2]

x Ú-2 Û lim [x+2]=1 lim = 1 b= 1
x`Ú0- x`Ú0- x+2 2 2
lim f(x) a [x] x [x-1] -1
x Úa- Ü lim [x-1]=-1 lim = =1 c=1
x`Ú0+ x`Ú0+ x-1 -1
Ú Û Ü a<b<c
-2 -1 0
1 2
a=-1 f(x)=[xÛ`]+[x]
lim f(x)= lim {[xÛ`]+[x]}=1+(-2)=-1
x Ú-1- x Ú-1-
;0); ` `
(x-1)(x+2)
lim
x Ú1 x-1
f(x) g(x) a
f(a)=g(a)=0 lim
f(x)
;0); 1 2 3
x Úa g(x)
4 5
(x-1)(x+2)
lim =lim(x+2)=1+2=3
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1
)
lim 2(x-1 x`Ú1 x 1
x Ú1 x-1
)
x+1 lim 2(x-1 0
x Ú1 x-1
x-1
(x-4)(x+2)
(x-3)(x+2) lim
lim x Ú4 x-4
x Ú3 x-3
2 4 6
1 2 3
8 10
4 5 (x-4)(x+2)
lim =lim(x+2)=4+2=6
(x-3)(x+2) x Ú4 x-4 x Ú4
lim =lim(x+2)=3+2=5
x Ú3 x-3 x Ú3
xÛ`+6x-7
lim 8 (x-1)(x+6)
x Ú1 x-1 lim 7
xÛ`+6x-7 (x-1)(x+7) x Ú1 x-1
lim =lim
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1 (x-1)(x+6)
lim =lim (x+6)=1+6=7
=lim(x+7) x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1
x Ú1
=1+7=8
x(x+2)
lim
x Ú0 x
(x-2)(xÜ`+5)
1 2 3 lim 13
x Ú2 x-2
4 5 (x-2)(xÜ`+5)
lim =lim (xÜ`+5)=2Ü`+5=13
x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2
x(x+2)
lim =lim(x+2)=0+2=2
x Ú0 x x Ú0
xÛ`(x-2) 1 f(x)
lim
x Ú2 x-2 f(-1)=2 f(0)=0 f(1)=-2
1 2 3 f(x)
lim
x Ú0 x
4 5
lim xÛ`(x-2) =lim`xÛ`=4 -1 -2 -3
x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2
-4 -5
f(0)=0 f(0)=c=0
f(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`+bx
f(-1)=2 f(1)=-2 f(x)=xÜ`-3x
f(x) xÜ`-3x
lim =lim =lim (xÛ`-3)=-3
x Ú0 x x Ú0 x x Ú0
(x+2)(xÛ`+5)
lim
x Ú-2 x+2 ;0); ` `
7 8 9
;0);
10 11
(x+2)(xÛ`+5)
lim = lim (xÛ`+5)=(-2)Û`+5=9
x Ú-2 x+2 x Ú-2
'x-1
lim x`Ú1 x+1
x Ú1 x-1
'x-1 = x-1 1 =;2!;

lim lim =lim
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 (x-1)('x+1) x Ú1 'x+1
(x-7)(x+3)
lim
x Ú7 x-7
3x-6
6 8 10 lim
x Ú2 "Ãx+2-2
12 14
(x-7)(x+3) 8 9 10
lim =lim (x+3)=7+3=10
x Ú7 x-7 x Ú7
11 12
3x-6 3(x-2) 'Äx+2+2)
lim =lim
x Ú2 'Äx+2-2 x Ú2 'Äx+2-2) 'Äx+2+2)
=lim
x Ú2
3 'Äx+2+2)
=12
f(x)
f(x)=xÛ`+ax lim =4 a
x Ú0 x
xÜ`-xÛ`+x-1
lim
x Ú1 'Äx+8-3
4 5 6 0 3 6
7 8 9 12
f(x) xÛ`+ax
lim =lim =lim (x+a)=a (x-1)(xÛ`+1)('Äx+8+3)
x Ú0 x x Ú0 x x Ú0 lim xÜ`-xÛ`+x-1 =lim
x Ú1 'Äx+8-3 x Ú1 x-1
a=4
=xlim
Ú1
(xÛ ` +1) 'Ä x +8+3)=2_6=12
xÛ`-1 9xÛ`+1
lim lim 3
x Ú1 'Äx+3-2 x Ú¦ 3xÛ`+5x
9+ 1
9xÛ`+1
=;3(;=3
7 8 9 xÛ`
lim =lim
x Ú¦ 3xÛ`+5x x Ú¦ 5
3+
10 11 x
'Äx+3+2
lim xÛ`-1 =lim xÛ`-1 _
x Ú 1 'Äx+3-2 x Ú 1 'Äx+3-2 'Äx+3+2
(x-1)(x+1) 'Äx+3+2)
=lim =2_4=8
x Ú1 x-1
x-"ÃxÛ`-1
lim
x Ú-¦ x+1
1 2 3
xÛ`-9
lim 4 5
x Ú3 14x+1-2
1+¾Ð1- 1
24 26 28 x-"ÃxÛ`-1 tÛ` =2
lim =lim
x Ú-¦ x+1 t Ú¦ 1
1-
30 32 t
lim xÛ`-9 (xÛ`-9)(14x+1+2)

= lim
x Ú3 14x+1-2 x Ú3 (14x+1-2)(14x+1+2)
= lim (x+3)(14x+1+2)=6_4=24
x Ú3
"ÃxÛ`+3+2x
lim
x Ú¦ 3x-1
;2!; 1 ;2#;
x2+x-6
lim 20
x Ú2 "Ãx+2-2
(x-2Z)(x+3) 'Äx+2+2)
2 ;2%;
=lim =20
xÛ`+x-6
lim
x Ú2 'Äx+2-2 x Ú2 x-2Z
¾¨1+ 3 +2
"ÃxÛ`+3+2x xÛ` 'Ä1+0+2
lim =lim ` = =1
x Ú¦ 3x-1 x Ú¦ 1 3-0
3-
x
¦
¦
xf(x)
¦ f(x)=2xÛ`+5x+3 lim
¦
x Ú¦ 3xÜ`
;3!; ;3@; 1
c
lim =0 n c
xÇ` ;3$; ;3%;
x Ú¦
5 3
2+ +
xf(x) 2xÜ`+5xÛ`+3x x xÛ`
¦ lim =lim =lim ` =;3@;
x Ú¦ 3xÜ` x Ú¦ 3xÜ` x Ú¦ 3
¦
< ¦ -¦
> 0
¦-¦
a b
axÛ` a(x-1)
lim =2 lim =b ¦
x Ú¦xÛ`-1 x Ú1 xÛ`-1
¦
a+b 3
axÛ` a a
lim = lim = =2 a=2
x Ú¦ xÛ`-1 x Ú¦ 1- 1 1-0
xÛ` ¦-¦
2(x-1) 2(x-1) 2 2 lim (xÝ`-3xÛ`+1)= lim `xÝ`{1- 3 + 1 }=¦_1=¦
lim =lim =lim = =1 b=1
x Ú1 xÛ`-1 x Ú1 (x+1)(x-1) x Ú1 x+1 1+1 x Ú¦ x Ú¦ xÛ` xÝ`
a+b=2+1=3 ¦-¦
lim `("ÃxÛ`+2x-x)= lim 2x

x Ú¦ x Ú¦"ÃxÛ`+2x+x
2
= lim =1
x Ú¦
¾¨1+ +1
2
x+1 x
lim
"ÃxÛ`+x-x
x Ú-¦

-1 -;2!; 0
;2!; 1 lim "ÃxÛ`+3x-6-x)

x Ú¦
-x=t x Ú-¦ t Ú¦
;2!; 1 ;2#;
-1+;t!;
=-;2!;
x+1 -t+1 -1+0
;2%;
lim =lim =lim =
x Ú-¦
"ÃxÛ`+x-x t Ú¦
"ÃtÛ`-t+t t Ú¦
¾Ð1-;t!; +1
1+1 2
lim "ÃxÛ`+3x-6-x)
x Ú¦
6
3-
3x-6 x
=lim ` =lim `
x Ú¦ "ÃxÛ`+3x-6+x x Ú¦ 3 6
¾¨1+ - +1
x xÛ`
f(x) 2xÛ`+xf(x) 3-0
=;2#;
lim =2 lim =
x Ú¦ x x Ú¦ 3xÛ`-f(x) "Ã1+0-0+1
;3!; ;3@; 1
lim "ÃxÛ`+3x+3-"ÃxÛ`-3x-3)
x Ú¦
;3$; ;3%; 1 2 3
2+
f(x) 4 5
lim
2xÛ`+xf(x)
=lim `
x
=
2+2
=;3$; lim "ÃxÛ`+3x+3-"ÃxÛ`-3x-3)
x Ú¦ 3xÛ`-f(x) x Ú¦ 3-2_0 x Ú¦
f(x) 1
3- _ 6x+6
x x =lim `
x Ú¦ "ÃxÛ`+3x+3+"ÃxÛ`-3x-3
6
6+
x
=lim ` =3
x Ú¦ 3 3 3 3
¾¨1+ + +¾¨1- -
x xÛ` x xÛ`
xÛ`-4 (|x|<2)
f(x)=[
-x (|x|¾2) 1
lim
x Ú¦ x-"ÃxÛ`-9x+3
2x+1
lim f{ }-lim f{;[!;}
x Ú¦ x x Ú¦
;9@; ;9$; ;3@;

-2 0 2
;9*;
4 6
1
;[!;=t xÚ¦ t Ú 0+ 1
lim
x Ú¦ x-"ÃxÛ`-9x+3
2x+1
lim f{ x }-lim f{;[!;} 9 3
1+¾¨1-
x Ú¦ x Ú¦
+
x+"ÃxÛ`-9x+3 x xÛ` 1+1
= lim f(2+t)- lim f(t) =lim ` =lim ` = =;9@;
t Ú0+ t Ú0+ x Ú¦ 9x-3 x Ú¦ 3 9
9-
=-2-(-4)=2 x
4ax
lim {'Äf(-x)-'Äf(x)}=lim `
x Ú¦ x Ú¦ "Ãa(-x-1)Û`+1+"Ãa(x-1)Û`+1
f(x)=a(x-1)Û`+1
lim {"Ãf(-x)-"Ãf(x)}=6
x Ú¦
a f(x) g(x)
f(x)
3 5 7 lim =a a lim g(x)=0
x Úa g(x) x Úa
9 11 lim f(x)=0
x Úa
=lim ` 4a
x Ú¦
f(x)
1 Û 1
¾ä{-1- }`+ +¾ä{1- 1 }`+
Û 1 lim =a a 0 lim f(x)=0
x xÛ` x xÛ` x Úa g(x) x Úa
=2'§a=6 '§a=3 a=9 lim g(x)=0

x Úa
f(x) g(x)
¦_0
f(x)
lim =a a 0
x Úa
g(x)
x-2
lim =0 lim (x-2)=0 lim (x+1)=3+0
x Ú2 x+1 x Ú2 x Ú2
0 ¦
¦_0 ¦_c
0 ¦
c
0
¦
1 1 4x-a
lim { +1} a b lim
x Ú1 x-1
=b a+b
x Ú1 x-1 x-2
-2 -1 0
1 2 8 9 10
1 1 1 1+x-2 1 11 12
lim { +1}=lim{ _ }=lim =-1
x Ú1 x-1 x-2 x Ú1 x-1 x-2 x Ú1 x-2
lim(4x-a)=0 4-a=0 a=4
x Ú1
4x-4 4(x-1)
a=4 b=lim =lim =4
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú 1 x-1
a+b=4+4=8
1 1
lim [1- ]
x Ú0 x (x+1)Û`
1 2 3
4 5
1 1 1 (x+1)Û`-1 x+2 2xÛ`+ax+b
lim [1- ]=lim[ _ ]=lim =2 lim =3 a+b
x Ú0 x (x+1)Û` x Ú0 x (x+1)Û` x Ú0 (x+1)Û`
x Ú3 xÛ`-9
a b
-33 -30 -27

'Äx+4 -24 -21
lim x{1- }
x Ú¦ '§x lim (2xÛ`+ax+b)=0
x Ú3
b=-3a-18=-3(a+6) y
2xÛ`+ax+b
-1 -2 -3 lim =3
x Ú3 xÛ`-9
-4 -5 (x-3)(2x+a+6)
lim =3
x Ú3 (x-3)(x+3)
'Äx+4 '§x-'Äx+4
lim x{1- }=lim {x_ }=lim (x-"ÃxÛ`+4x) a=6 b=-3_12=-36
x Ú¦ '§x x Ú¦ '§x x Ú¦
-4x a+b=6+(-36)=-30
=lim =-2
x Ú¦ x+"ÃxÛ`+4x
xÛ`+ax 1 f(x)
a b lim =b a+b
x Ú1 x-1 f(x)-(x-a)
lim =;5#;
x Úa f(x)+(x-a)
-2 -1 0 f(x)=0 a b
1 2 |a-b| a
lim (xÛ`+ax)=1+a=0 a=-1
x Ú1
1 2 3
lim xÛ`-x =lim x(x-1) =lim x=1 b=1
x Ú 1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 4 5
a+b=(-1)+1=0 f(x)=(x-a)(x-b) y
f(x)-(x-a) (x-a)(x-b)-(x-a)
lim =lim
x Úaf(x)+(x-a) x Úa (x-a)(x-b)+(x-a)
a-b-1
= =;5#;
a-b+1
xÛ`+ax+b |a-b|=4
a b lim =14 a+b
x Ú3 x-3
-25 -23 -21

-19 -17
xÛ`+ax-3(a+3) (x-3)(x+a+3)
lim =lim
x Ú3 x-3 x Ú3 x-3
=lim (x+a+3)=6+a=14 f(x) g(x)
x Ú3
a=8 b=-33 f(x)
lim =a a lim g(x)=0
a+b=-25 x Úa g(x) x Úa
lim f(x)=0
x Úa
f(x)
lim =a a 0 lim f(x)=0
x Úa g(x) x Úa
lim g(x)=0
xÛ`+ax-b x Úa
lim =3 a b f(x) g(x)
x Ú1 xÜ`-1
a+b
9 11 13
15 17
lim xÛ`+ax-(a+1) = a+2 =3 jK a=7 b=8 a+b=15
x Ú 1 (x-1)(xÛ`+x+1) 3
0
x-a
xÛ`-(a+2)x+2a a b lim =b a+b
a b lim
x Ú2
=3 x Ú9 1x6-3
xÛ`-b
15
a+b
x-a
lim =b lim (1x6-3)=0
x Ú9 1x6-3 x Ú9
-6 -4 -2
lim (x-a)=0 9-a=0 a=9
x Ú9
0 2
xÛ`-(a+2)x+2a x-a x-9 (x-9)(1x6+3)
lim =lim =lim
lim
x Ú2 xÛ`-b
=3 lim {xÛ`-(a+2)x+2a}=0
x Ú2
b=4 x Ú9 1x6-3 x Ú9 1x6-3 x Ú9 (1x6-3)(1x6+3)
xÛ`-(a+2)x+2a (x-2)(x-a) x-a (x-9)(1x6+3)
lim =lim =lim =3 =lim =lim (1x6+3)=6=b
x Ú2 xÛ`-4 x Ú 2 (x-2)(x+2) x Ú 2 x+2 x Ú9 x-9 x Ú9
a=-10 a=9 b=6 a+b=15

a+b=-6
a b ax+b
a b lim =2'2 ab
'Äx+a-2 x Ú1 'Äx+1-'2
lim =b
x Ú1 x-1
a+4b
-3 -2 -1
2 4 6 1 2
a+b=0 jK b=-a
a(x-1)
lim =2'2
8 10 x Ú1 'Äx+1-'2
a(x-1)('Äx+1+'2)
lim 'Äx+a-2)=0 'Ä1+a-2=0 'Ä1+a=2 1+a=4 a=3 lim
x Ú1
=2'2a=2'2
x Ú1 ('Äx+1-'2)('Äx+1+'2)
'Äx+3-2 'Äx+3-2) 'Äx+3+2) a=1 b=-1 jK ab=-1
b=lim =lim
x Ú1x-1 x Ú1 (x-1)('Äx+3+2)
1 1
=;4!;
'Ä2x+a-'Äx+3
=lim =
x Ú 1 'Äx+3+2 'Ä1+3+2
a b lim =b ab
a+4b=3+4_;4!;=4 x Ú1 xÛ`-1
'Äx+a-2 16 4 1
a b lim =b 10a+4b
x Ú2 x-2
;4!; ;1Á6;
21
'Ä2x+a-'Äx+3
lim ('Äx+a-2)='Ä2+a-2=0 lim =b lim (xÛ`-1)=0 lim ('Ä2x+a-'Äx+3)=0
x Ú1 xÛ`-1 x Ú1 x Ú1
x Ú2
'Ä2+a=2 2+a=4 'Ä2x+2-'Äx+3

a=2 'Ä2+a-2=0 jK a=2 b=lim =;8!; ab=2_;8!;=;4!;
x Ú1
'Äx+2-2 ('Äx+2-2)('Äx+2+2) xÛ`-1
lim =lim =;4!;=b
x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2 (x-2)('Äx+2+2)
10a+4b=10_2+4_;4!;=21
f(x) g(x)
f(x)
lim =a a lim g(x)=0
'Äx+a-b x Úa g(x) x Úa
a b lim =;4!; a+b lim f(x)=0
x Ú3 x-3 x Úa
f(x)
lim =a a 0 lim f(x)=0
x Úa g(x) x Úa
3 5 7 lim g(x)=0
x Úa
9 11
'Äx+a-b 1
lim = =;4!; 0
x`Úa Ú`0
x Ú3 x-3 2'Ä3+a 0
a=1 b=2 jK a+b=1+2=3
Ú`0
f(x) f(x)
lim =a a lim f(x)=0 lim =a
x Úa x-a x Úa x Úa x-a
"ÃxÛ`-x-3+ax
lim =b a b
x Ú-3 x+3
a+b f(x)-3
f(x) lim =5
x Ú2 x-2
-;6%; -;2!; 0 lim
x-2
x Ú2 { f(x)}Û`-9
;2!; ;6%;
;1Á8; ;2Á1; ;2Á4;
x Ú-3 Ú0 Ú0 a=1
"ÃxÛ`-x-3+x
lim
x Ú -3 x+3 ;2Á7; ;3Á0;
("ÃxÛ`-x-3+x)("ÃxÛ`-x-3-x)
= lim =-;6!;=b f(2)=3
x Ú -3
(x+3)("ÃxÛ`-x-3-x) x-2 x-2
lim =lim
a+b=;6%; x Ú2 { f(x)}Û`-9 x Ú 2 {f(x)-3}{f(x)+3}
1
=;3Á0;
x-2
=lim _lim
x Ú 2 f(x)-3 x Ú 2 f(x)+3
+
f(x-2) f(x)
f(x) lim =4 lim
x Ú2 xÛ`-2x x Ú0 x
f(x) g(x)
2 4 6
lim f(x)=a lim g(x)=b
x Úa
8 10 x Úa
x-2=t x=t+2 xÚ2 tÚ0 lim{ f(x)+g(x)}=lim f(x)+lim g(x)=a+b

x Úa x Úa x Úa
f(x-2) f(x-2) f(t)
lim =lim =lim lim{ f(x)-g(x)}=lim f(x)-lim g(x)=a-b
x Ú2 xÛ`-2x x Ú2 x(x-2) t Ú0 t(t+2)
x Úa x Úa x Úa
f(t)
=lim[ ]=4
1
_ lim f(x)g(x)=lim f(x)_lim g(x)=ab
t Ú0 t (t+2) x Úa x Úa x Úa
=8 jK lim
f(t) f(x)
lim =8 lim f(x)
t Ú0 t x Ú0 x f(x) a
lim = x Úa = `( lim g(x)+0 b+0)
x Úa g(x) lim`g(x) b x Úa
x Úa
f(x) g(x)
+0
g(x)-2x
g(x) lim f(x)=f(-x) y=f(x) y
x Ú1 x-1
lim f(x)= lim f(x) lim f(x)= lim f(x)
f(x) f(x)+x-1=(x-1)g(x) x Úa+ x Ú-a- x Úa- x Ú-a+
f(x)g(x) y=f(x) x k
lim y=f(x-k)
x Ú1 xÛ`-1
lim f(x)= lim f(x-k)
x Úa x Ú(a+k)
1 2 3
4 5
f(x) g(x) f(x) g(x) f(x)- f(1) g(x)
lim =lim [ _ ]=lim _lim
x Ú1 xÛ`-1 x Ú1 x-1 x+1 x Ú1 x-1 x Ú 1 x+1
g(1)
=1_ =1
2
y=f(x)
f(x)
f(x)-5x
a lim lim f(x)f(1-x)
x Úa xÛ`-4 x Ú1+
lim "f(x)-3x+1)
x Ú¦
-2 -1 0
1 2
f(3) 60 lim f(1-x)= lim f(t)=2
x Ú 1+ t Ú 0-
f(x) n f(x)=kxÇ`+y (k+0) lim f(x) f(1-x)= lim f(x)_ lim f(1-x)=1_2=2
'¶f(x)='¶kxÇ`+y x Ú 1+ x Ú 1+ x Ú 1+
f(x) 9
f(x)=9xÛ`+bx+c
f(2)=9_2Û`+b_2+c=10 y
f(-2)=9_(-2)Û`+b_(-2)+c=-10 y
b=5 c=-36
f(x)=9xÛ`+5x-36
f(3)=9_3Û`+5_3-36=60
y=f(x)
lim f(x)+ lim f(-x) ( f½g)(x)
x Ú1+ x Ú1-
lim ( f½g)(x)=lim f(g(x))
x Úa x Úa
g(x)=t
xÚa t Ú b+
lim ( f½g)(x)=lim f(g(x))= lim f(t)
x Úa x Úa t Úb+
xÚa t Ú b-
lim ( f½g)(x)=lim f(g(x))= lim f(t)
x Úa x Úa t Úb-
xÚa t=b
-2 -1 0 lim ( f½g)(x)=lim f(g(x))=f(b)
x Úa x Úa
1 2
x 1 1 f(x) 0 0 f(g(x)) lim f(g(x))
x Úk
lim f(x)=0 Ú x``Ú`k g(x)``Úà Û g(x)``Úà f(g(x))``Ú`b

x Ú1+
-x=t x`Ú`1- t`Ú`-1+ f(g(x)) g(x)
lim f(-x)= lim f(t)=1 lim f(x)+ lim f(-x)=1
x Ú1- t Ú-1+ x Ú1+ x Ú1- f(g(x))
{x|0ÉxÉ4}
y=f(x)
lim f(f(x))+ lim f(f(x))
x Ú0+ x Ú2+
y=f(x) 1 2
3 4
5
lim f f(x))= lim f(t)=3 lim f( f(x))=f(3)=2
x Ú0+ t Ú3- x Ú2+
lim f( f(x))+ lim f( f(x))=3+2=5

x Ú0+ x Ú2+
y=f(x)
lim f(x)=a lim f(x+3)

x Ú-1- x Úa+
-2 -1 0
1 2
lim f(x)=-2=a lim f(x+3)= lim f(x+3)
x Ú-1- x Úa+ x Ú-2+
x+3=t x`Ú-2+ x+3`Ú1+ t`Ú1+

lim f(x+3)= lim f(t)= lim f(x)
x Ú-2+ t Ú1+ x Ú1+
x 1 1 f(x) 1
lim f(x)=1
x Ú1+
lim f(x-1)+ lim f( f(x))

x Ú0+ x Ú1+
-2 -1 0
1 2
lim f(x-1)+ lim f( f(x))=(-1)+2=1
x Ú0+ x Ú1+
f(x)
x x-1 f(x)
lim =1 lim =2
x Ú0 f(x) x Ú1 f(x) f(x)
lim =a` n a
x Ú¦ xÇ`
f( f(x))
lim
x Ú1 2xÛ`-x-1 a+0 f(x) a n
a=0 f(x) (n-1)
;6!; ;3!; ;2!; f(x)
f(x) lim =b` b
x Ú0 x
;3@; ;6%; f(x) b
f(x)=t xÚ1 tÚ0
f( f(x)) f( f(x)) f(x)
lim =lim[ _ ]
x Ú 1 2xÛ`-x-1 x Ú1 f(x) (x-1)(2x+1) lim lim
x Ú¦ x Ú0
f(t) f(x) 1
=lim _lim _lim =1_;2!;_;3!;=;6!;
t Ú0 t x Ú 1 x-1 x Ú 1 2x+1
1 1
=t x`Ú`0+
x x
t`Ú`¦
f(x)
(-x (x<0)
f(x)={ 1 (0Éx<1)
9x-1 (x¾æ1)
f(x)
f(x)
lim =2
x Ú¦ xÛ`
f(x)
lim f(x)=0 lim =3
x Ú1 x Ú0 x
lim f(f(x))=1
x Ú1+
lim f(f(x))=0 f(2)

x Ú1-
11 14 17
20 23
f(x)
f(x)=2xÛ`+ax+b a b
lim f(x)=1 lim f(x)=0
x Ú1- x Ú1+
lim(2xÛ`+ax+b)=b=0
x Ú0
lim f(x)
x Ú1
f(x) 2xÛ`+ax
lim =lim =lim(2x+a)=a=3
x Ú0 x x Ú0 x x Ú0
f(x)=2xÛ`+3x
f(2)=2_2Û`+3_2=14
y=f(x)
f(x)
f(x) f(x)
4t-1 lim =2 lim
}+ lim f{ }
t-1 =7
lim f{ x Ú¦ xÛ` x Ú2 x-2
t Ú¦ t+1 t Ú-¦ t+1
f(4) 22
f(x)
lim =2 f(x)=2xÛ`+ax+b a b
x Ú¦ xÛ`
3 4
f(x)
5 6 7 lim =7 b=-2(a+4)
x Ú2 x-2
lim f { t-1 }= lim f(x)=2 lim f { 4t-1 }= lim f(x)=3 f(x)=2xÛ`+ax-2(a+4)=(x-2)(2x+a+4)
t Ú¦ t+1 x Ú1- t Ú-¦ t+1 x Ú4+
f(x) (x-2)(2x+a+4)
4t-1 lim =lim
lim f { t-1
}+ lim f { }=2+3=5 x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2 x-2
t Ú¦ t+1 t Ú-¦ t+1
=lim(2x+a+4)=a+8=7
x Ú2
a=-1 b=-2_(-1+4)=-6
f(x)=2xÛ`-x-6 f(4)=32-4-6=22
f(x) axÛ`+bx+c f(x)
lim =2 a=2
x Ú¦ xÛ`
f(x) f(x) f(x) f(x)
lim =2 lim =3 f(x) lim =1 lim =2
x Ú¦ xÛ` x Ú1 x-1 lim x Ú¦ xÜ` x Ú-1 x+1
x Ú1 x-1
f(3) 2xÛ`+bx+c f(1)É12 f(2)

=lim =3
x Ú1 x-1
11 12 13 27 30 33
14 15 36 39
2+b+c=0 c=-2-b y
f(x)=(x+1)(xÛ`+ax+a+1) f(1)É12
2xÛ`+bx+c (2x+2+b)(x-1)
lim =lim =4+b f(1)=2(2a+2)=4(a+1)É12
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1
4+b=3 b=-1 a+1É3 aÉ2
b=-1 c=-2-(-1)=-1 f(2)=3(3a+5)=9a+15
f(x)=2xÛ`-x-1 f(3)=2_3Û`-3-1=14 9a+15É9_2+15=33 f(2) 33
f(x)
f(x)-3xÛ`
lim =10 lim f(x)=20
x Ú¦ x x Ú1
f(0)
f(x)
3 4 5 f(1)
6 7
f(x)-3xÛ`=10x+a a f(x)-4xÜ`+3xÛ` f(x)
lim =6 lim =4 n
f(x)=3xÛ`+10x+a x Ú¦ xn+1+1 x Ú0 xn
lim f(x)=20 f(1)=3+10+a=20 a=7
x Ú1
f(x)=3xÛ`+10x+7 f(0)=7
12 13 14
f(x)=2xÛ`+ax+b (a b 15 16
f(x) f(1)=3 2+a+b=3 b=-a+1 Ú n=1
f(x) f(x)-3
lim =1 lim =4 f(x)=4xÜ`+3xÛ`+4x f(1)=4+3+4=11
x Ú¦ 2xÛ` x Ú1 (x-1)(x-2) Û n=2
f(4) 9 f(x)=10xÜ`+4xÛ` f(1)=10+4=14
f(x)-3 (x-1)(2x+a+2) Ü n¾3
lim =lim =4
x Ú1 (x-1)(x-2) x Ú1 (x-1)(x-2) f(x)=6xn+1+4xn f(1)=6+4=10
a+4=-4 a=-8 Ú Ü f(1) 14
b=-(-8)+1=9
f(x)=2xÛ`-8x+9 f(4)=2_4Û`-8_4+9=9
f(x) g(x) 1 f(x)

f(2)
lim|x|[ f{;[!;}-f{-;[!;}]=a lim f{;[!;}=3
x Ú0 x Ú¦
f(x)g(x) f(2) a
lim =2
x Ú¦ xÜ`
1 3 5
f(x)g(x)
lim =-4 7 9
x Ú0 xÛ`
f(x)=xÛ`+px+q p q
f(t)-f(-t) 2pt
4 6 8 Ú lim x[ f{;[!;}-f{-;[!;}]=lim =lim =2p
x Ú0+ t
t Ú¦ t Ú¦ t
f(t)-f(-t) 2pt
10 12 Û lim (-x)[ f{;[!;}-f{-;[!;}]= lim = lim {- }=-2p
f(x)g(x) x Ú0- t Ú-¦ -t t Ú-¦ t
2xÛ`(x+a)
lim =lim =lim 2(x+a)=2(0+a)=-4 Ú Û 2p=-2p=a p=0
x Ú0 xÛ` x Ú0 xÛ` x Ú0
1
a=-2 f(x)g(x)=2xÛ`(x-2) lim `f{;[!;}=lim { +q}=q=3
x Ú¦ x Ú¦ xÛ`
f(x) 2xÛ`(x-2) f(2) f(x)=2xÛ`
f(x)=xÛ`+3
f(2) 2_2Û`=8
f(2)=2Û`+3=7
f(x) f(x) f(3)
f(x)` f(x) 14
lim =1 lim x-3 =5
x Ú¦ xÛ`+2x+3 x Ú3
f(7) 36
f(x) (x-1)
f(x)
1
lim =0 f(x)
lim =1 f(x) x Ú¦ xÜ`
x Ú¦ xÛ`+2x+3
f(x) f(x) f(x)=(ax+b)(x-1)

lim =5 lim (x-3)=0 lim f(x)=0 lim =1
x Ú3 x-3 x Ú3 x Ú3
x Ú1 x-1 f(x)
lim f(x)=f(3)=0
x Ú3 f(x)=2x 2
f(x) 1 f(3)=0 f(x)=(x-3)(x+a)
lim (ax+b)(x-1) =lim (ax+b)=1 jK a+b=1

f(x) (x-3Z)(x+a) x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1
lim =lim =lim(x+a)=3+a
x Ú3 x-3 x Ú3 x-3Z x Ú3 2a+b=4 a=3 b=-2
lim
f(x)
=5 3+a=5 a=2 f(x)=(3x-2)(x-1) jK f(3)=(3_3-2)(3-1)=14
x Ú3 x-3
f(x)=(x-3)(x+2) f(7)=(7-3)(7+2)=36
f(x) f(2)
13
f(x)-xÜ` f(x) f(2)

lim =2
x Ú¦ 3x
5
lim f(x)=-7
x Ú0
xÛ`+3x+5
f(x)-xÜ`=6x+a a f(x)=xÜ`+6x+a lim =;2!;
x Ú¦ f(x)
lim f(x)=-7
x Ú0
f(x)
lim(xÜ`+6x+a)=a=-7 lim =3
x Ú0 x Ú1 x-1
f(x)=xÜ`+6x-7 f(2)=2Ü`+6_2-7=13
f(x) 2 (x-1)
f(x)=2(x-1)(x+a) a
f(x) 2(x-1)(x+a)
lim =lim =2(1+a)=3 a=;2!;
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1
f(x)=2(x-1){x+;2!;} f(2)=2_1_;2%;=5
x f(x)
f(x) f(x)
lim =1 lim =2
x Ú¦ xÛ`+x+1 x Ú1 x-1
f(x)-2x f(x)
f(4) f(x) lim =2 lim =3
x Ú¦ xÛ` x Ú-1 xÛ`-1
11 12 13 f(1)
14 15 -4 -2 0
f(x)
lim
x Ú1 x-1
=2 lim(x-1)=0
x Ú1
2 4
lim f(x)=0 f(1)=0 lim
f(x) 2(x+1)(x+a) 2(x+a) 2(-1+a)
x Ú1
= lim = lim = =3
x Ú -1 xÛ`-1 x Ú -1 (x-1)(x+1) x Ú -1 x-1 -2
f(x) x-1 1 a=-2
f(x)=(x-1)(x+a) a
f(x)=2(x+1)(x-2) f(1)=2_2_(-1)=-4
f(x) (x-1Z)(x+a)
lim =lim =lim (x+a)=1+a=2 a=1
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1Z x Ú1
f(x)=(x-1)(x+1) f(4)=(4-1)(4+1)=15
f(x) f(x)
f(x)-xÜ` f(x) x
lim =-11 lim =-9
x Ú¦ xÛ` x Ú1 x-1
5x-1<(xÛ`+1)f(x)<5x+2
lim xf{;[!;} 10 lim xf(x)
x Ú¦
x Ú¦
f(x)=xÜ`-11xÛ`+10x
1 1
1 2 3
lim xf { }=lim f(h)=lim hÜ`-11hÛ`+10h
x Ú¦ x h Ú0 h h Ú0 h 4 5
=lim (hÛ`-11h+10)=10 5xÛ`-x 5xÛ`+2x
h Ú0 <xf(x)<
xÛ`+1 xÛ`+1
5xÛ`-x 5xÛ`+2x
lim = lim =5
x Ú¦ xÛ`+1 x Ú¦ xÛ`+1
lim xf(x)=5
x Ú¦
0 x f(x)
f(x) g(x) lim f(x)=a lim g(x)=b ;2!; xÛ`+2x<f(x)<xÛ`+2x

x Úa x Úa
f(x)Ég(x) aÉb xf(x)+5x

lim
h(x) f(x)Éh(x)Ég(x) a=b x Ú0 2f(x)-x
lim h(x)=a
;3%; ;3&;
x Úa
2
x``Úà+ x``Úà- x``Ú`¦ x``Ú`-¦
;3*; 3
xf(x)+5x f(x)+5 0+5
lim =lim = =;3%;
x Ú0 2f(x)-x x Ú0 f(x) 2_2-1
lim f(x)=a lim g(x)=b 2_ -1
x Úa x Úa
x
f(x)<g(x) a<b aÉb

lim
f(x)
xÛ`+2x-3É f(x)É3xÛ`-2x-1 f(x) x
f(x) { f(x)}Û`
lim 2x+1<f(x)<2x+5 lim
x Ú¦ xÛ`-x+1
x Ú1 x-1
1 2 3
4 5 1 2 3
xÛ`+2x-3Éf(x)É3xÛ`-2x-1 4 5
(x-1)(x+3)Éf(x)É(x-1)(3x+1)
2x+1<f(x)<2x+5
x-1
(2x+1)Û` { f(x)}Û` (2x+5)Û`
f(x) f(x) lim É lim É lim
Ú x>1 lim =4 Û x<1 lim =4 x Ú¦ xÛ`-x+1 x Ú ¦ xÛ`-x+1 x Ú ¦ xÛ`-x+1
x Ú 1+ x-1 x Ú 1- x-1
f(x) (2x+1)Û` (2x+5)Û` { f(x)}Û`

Ú Û lim =4 lim =4 lim =4 lim =4
x Ú 1 x-1 x Ú¦ xÛ`-x+1 x Ú ¦ xÛ`-x+1 x Ú¦ xÛ`-x+1
+ +
y='2x A(t '2t)(t>0) x
B(2t 0) AB C C
AB x=2t D
Ú
tÛ`-16
Û CD f(t) lim =k
t Ú4 f(t)-'6
3kÛ` 512
f(x)=15x+26 g(x)=-15x-26+2 h(x)=x
tÛ`-16 tÛ`-4Û`
lim =lim
t Ú4 f(t)-'6 t Ú4 '6 t-'6
4
4(t-4)(t+4)
=lim
t Ú4 '6 (t-4)
4(t+4) 32 16'6
=lim = =
'6 '6 3
16'6 2`
t Ú4
16'6
k= 3kÛ`=3_{ } =512
3 3
y=h(x) P(a a) x
y=f(x) A y=xÛ` P(t tÛ`)`(t>0) O
y=g(x) B B OP M M x
y y=h(x) y=xÛ` A B
BCÓ ABÓ
C lim 0<a<2) lim
a Ú2- ABÓ t Ú0+ OPÓ
;5!; ;4!; ;3!;
;2!; 1
ABÓ=|(aÛ`-4a+6)-(aÛ`-2)|=|-4a+8|=-4a+8
BCÓ=|(aÛ`-4a+6)-a|=|aÛ`-5a+6|=aÛ`-5a+6
BCÓ
=;4!;
aÛ`-5a+6
lim = lim
a Ú2- ABÓ a Ú2- -4a+8
'6
1 '2
2
'10
'3
2
P O OPÓ="ÃtÛ`+tÝ`
tÛ`
AB y=
2
2t
} B{ } }=
t tÛ` t tÛ` t t
A{- ABÓ= -{- ='2t
'2 2 '2 2 '2 '2 '2
ABÓ '2t '2
lim = lim = lim ='2
t Ú0+
OPÓ t Ú0+ "ÃtÛ`+tÝ` t Ú0+ "Ã1+tÛ`
y=-x2+6 y=x 1 2 AB
A A x B AB O AB P
y=x P à `à) AB P AB B
Q P y OP Q BPÓ=t
PQÓ 3-AQÓ
y=-x2+6 R lim lim 0<t<'2 )
a Ú2- PRÓ t Ú0+ tÛ`
0<a<2)
1 1 1
6 3 2
2 5
3 6
3-AQÓ 3-"Ã9-2tÛ` 9-(9-2tÛ`)
lim = lim = lim
2 4
;5!;
t Ú0+ tÛ` t Ú0+ tÛ` t Ú0+ tÛ`(3+"Ã9-2tÛ` )
15 15 2tÛ` 2
= lim = lim
t Ú0+ tÛ`(3+"Ã9-2tÛ` ) t Ú0+ 3+"Ã9-2tÛ`
;3!; ;5@; 2 1
= =
PQÓ 3+3 3
2-a 2-a 1
lim = lim 2 = lim = lim a+3 =;5!;
a Ú2- PRÓ a Ú2- -a -a+6 a Ú2- (a+3)(2-a) a Ú2-
C(2 0) r(r<'5)
y=3'x y='x x=k C -2 C l
A B x=k x l C'(3 3) C'
C f(r) lim f(r)
r Ú0+
y x=k
y=3'x
y='x
B
C
O x
OAÓ-ACÓ
lim k>0 O
k Ú0+ OBÓ-BCÓ
1 '2 '3
2 '5
;5!; ;4!; ;3!; |9-(4Ñ'5r)| |5Ñ'5r|
f(r)= =
'5 '5
;2!; 1 ` lim f(r)= lim
|5Ñ'5r|
="5
r Ú0+ r Ú0+ '5
lim OAÓ-ACÓ = lim "ÃkÛ`+9k-3'k = lim 'Äk+1+1 =;3!;
OBÓ-BCÓ k Ú0+ "ÃkÛ`+k-'k
k Ú0+ k Ú0+ 'Äk+9+3
y=x+1 t
A(-1 0) P(t t+1) f(x)='§x x=t x=t+4
P A B A x=t+4
y=x+1 C ABC S(t)
y Q 't _S(t)
lim
AQÓ `Û t Ú¦ 2
lim
t Ú¦
APÓ Û`
1 ;2#; 2
;2%; 3
APÓ="Ã(t+1)Û`+(t+1)Û`='2(t+1)
AQÓ="Ã(0+1)Û`+(2t+1-0)Û`="Ã4tÛ`+4t+2
Û`
lim AQÓ =lim 4tÛ`+4t+2 =2
t Ú¦
APÓ Û` t Ú¦ 2tÛ`+4t+2
'2
1 '2
Ú 2
Û 2 2'2
't_S(t) 't_2('Ät+4-'t )
lim =lim
t Ú¦ 2 t Ú¦ 2
4't
=lim 't _('Ät+4-'t )=lim
¦ 0 t Ú¦ t Ú¦ 'Ät+4+'t
¦ 0 4 4
=lim = =2
t Ú¦ 4 1+1
®É1+ +1
t
t(0<t<1) y=2t
y=xÛ` y=txÛ` 1 A B
y='Ä4x-3 A(1 1)
y=t+1 y=xÛ` y=txÛ`
P(t 'Ä4t-3 ) A x B
1 C D ABDC
P y Q PAB
S(t)
S(t) lim T(t)
t Ú1- (1-t)Û` PQA S(t) T(t) lim
t Ú1+ S(t)
t>1) 2
1 t('Ä4t-3-1)
1 '2 1 lim
T(t)
= lim
2
4 4 2 t Ú1+ S(t) t Ú1+ 1
(t-1)
2
'2 t('Ä4t-3-1) 4t(t-1)
1 = lim = lim
2 t Ú1+ t-1 t Ú1+ (t-1)('Ä4t-3+1)
1
_;2!; {'2+®É }(1-'t )(1-t)
S(t) t+1 4t 4_1
lim = lim = lim = =2
t Ú1- (1-t)Û` t Ú1- (1-t)Û` t t Ú1+ 'Ä4t-3+1 1+1
1-'t
{'2+®É }
t+1
= lim
t Ú1- 2(1-t) t
1
{'2+®É }
t+1
= lim
t Ú1- 2(1+'t t
'2
=;4!;_2'2=
2
A(1 1) Q(t tÛ`)
A(1 1) y=tx tx-y=0 H
1 xÛ`+yÛ`=2 y=xÛ`
y= y='§x A(1 1)
x 1 A t(0<t<1)
1
y=t(t>1) y= y='§x y=tx xÛ`+yÛ`=2 y=xÛ` 1
x
P Q PAQ
B C C y
S(t)
1 S(t) lim =k 20k
y= D ACB f(t) t Ú1- (1-t)Û`
x S(t)=;2!;_PQÓ_AHÓ=;2!;_('2-t"Ã1+tÛ` )_
1-t
g(t) "Ã1+tÛ` 15
ADC g(t) lim (1-t)('2-t"Ã1+tÛ` )
t Ú1+ f(t) =
2"Ã1+tÛ`
2 ;4(; ;2%;
(1-t)('2-t"Ã1+tÛ` ) 3_2
=;4#;
S(t)
lim = lim =
t Ú1- (1-t)Û` t Ú1- 2(1-t)Û`"Ã1+tÛ` 2'2('2+'2 )
;;Á4Á;; 3 20k=20_;4#;=15
1
;2!;{t- }(tÛ`-1)
g(t) tÛ` (tÜ`-1)(tÛ`-1)
lim = lim = lim
t Ú 1+ f(t) t Ú 1+ t Ú 1+ t(tÜ`-1)(t-1)
;2!;{tÛ`- 1 }(t-1)
t
= lim
t+1
=2 y=xÛ`-4 P(t tÛ`-4) xÛ`+yÛ`=4
t Ú 1+ t
A B OAB
S(t) PBA T(t)
T(t) T(t)
xÛ`+yÛ`=1 y='Äx+1 lim +lim
t Ú2+ (t-2)S(t) t Ú¦ (tÝ`-2)S(t)
x=t(0<t<1) 1 P Q O t>2
S(t)
OPQ S(t) lim
t Ú0+ tÛ`
O
;8!; ;4!; ;8#;
;2!; ;8%; 1 ;4%; ;2#;

S(t) "Ãt+1-"Ã1-tÛ`
lim = lim
t Ú 0+ tÛ` t Ú 0+ 2t ;4&; 2
=;2!; lim
tÛ`+t T(t) PMB BPÓ Û`
t Ú 0+ t("Ãt+1+"Ã1-tÛ`)
AB OP M = =
S(t) OMB OBÓ Û`
=;2!; lim
t+1 OBÓ=2 BPÓ Û`=OPÓ Û`-OBÓ Û`=tÛ`+(tÛ`-4)Û`-2Û`=(tÛ`-3)(t+2)(t-2)
t Ú 0+ "Ãt+1+"Ã1-tÛ`
T(t) T(t)
1 lim +lim
=;2!;_ =;4!; t Ú2+ (t-2)S(t) t Ú¦ (tÝ`-2)S(t)
1+1
(tÛ`-3)(t+2)(t-2) (tÛ`-3)(t+2)(t-2)
= lim +lim =1+;4!;=;4%;
t Ú2+ 4(t-2) t Ú¦ 4(tÝ`-2)
y='x P(t 't OP
Ú l x y f(t) g(t)
g(t)-f(t)
lim O t+0)
Û t Ú¦ g(t)+f(t)
1
y=xÛ` P(a aÛ`)

l -'t P(t 't l
Q(a+1 aÛ`+2a+1) y=-'t x+(t+1)'t
PQ y=x x x y f(t) g(t)
f(t)=t+1 g(t)=(t+1)'t
f(a) 100 lim f(a)
a Ú0 g(t)-f(t)
lim =1
t Ú ¦ g(t)+f(t)
50
a+1
f(a)=
2
=100_;2!;=50
a+1
100 lim f(a)=100 lim
a Ú0 a Ú0 2
|
kx
k f(x) f(x)=|
x-1
t y=f(x) y=t
g(t) g(t)
lim g(t)+lim g(t)+g(4)=5
t Ú0+ t Ú2-
( 0 (t<0)
f(3) g(t)={ 1 (t=0 t=k)
CÁ xÛ`+yÛ`=1 9 2 (0<t<k t>k)
Cª (x-1)Û`+yÛ`=rÛ` (0<r<'2) 6 ;;Á2°;; 9
1 P
;;ª2Á;; 12
lim g(t)+ lim g(t)+g(4)=5 2+2+g(4)=5 g(4)=1
t Ú0+ t Ú2-
g(t) 1 t=0 t=k g(4)=1

k=4
4x 4_3 12
f(x)=| | f(3)=| |=| |=6
x-1 3-1 2
f(r)
P x f(r) lim t y=t y=|xÛ`-1|
r Ú'2- 4-rÝ`
f(t) lim f(t)
t Ú1-
;8!; ;4!; ;2!;

1 2 3
2 4 4 5
f(r)=;2!; (2-rÛ`) ( 2 (t>1)
lim
f(r)
= lim
2-rÛ` \ 3 (t=1)
r Ú '2 - 4-rÝ` r Ú '2 - 2(2+rÛ`)(2-rÛ`) f(t)=[{ 4 (0<t<1) jK lim f(t)=4
\ 2 (t=0)
x Ú 1-
1 1
= lim = =;8!;
r Ú '2 - 2(2+rÛ`) 2(2+2)
9 0 (t<0)
x x f(x) 1 f(x) g(x)
g(x)
( f(x) (x>2f(x))
g(x)={ 1 g(1)=0
(xÉ2f(x))
9 f(x) f(x)
lim =(n-1)(n-2) (n=1 2 3 4)
x Ún g(x)
f{;2&;}=2 ;2&;<2f{;2&;}
f(x) f(x)
g(5) lim =0 lim =0
g {;2&;}=;2!; lim g(x)=a lim g(x)=b x Ú1 g(x) x Ú 2 g(x)
x Ú8+ x Ú8-
4 6 8
a 16 10 12
b
a f(x)=(x-1)Û`(x-2) g(x)=(x-1)(x-c)(x-d)
a= lim g(x)= lim 4=4 b= lim g(x)= lim ;4!;=;4!; =16
x Ú8+ x Ú8+ x Ú8- x Ú8- b f(x) f(x)
lim =2 lim =6
x Ú 3 g(x) x Ú 4 g(x)
3(c+d)-cd=8 4(c+d)-cd=15 c+d=7 cd=13

g(5)=4(5-c)(5-d)=4{25-5(c+d)+cd}=12
f(x)
xÜ`f{;[!;}-1 f(x)
a(a+0) b k f(x) lim =5 lim =;3!;
x Ú0+ xÜ`+x x Ú1 xÛ`+x-2
( axÛ`+(2b-3)x+aÛ`-3 (x<k) f(2) 10
f(x)={
9 -;3!; axÛ`+(b+5)x+aÛ`-1 (x¾k)
f(x)=xÜ`+5xÛ`+ax-(a+6)=(x-1)(xÛ`+6x+a+6)
(x-1)(xÛ`+6x+a+6) a+13
lim = =;3!; jK a=-12 b=6
x Ú1 (x-1)(x+2) 3
f(x)=xÜ`+5xÛ`-12x+6 jK f(2)=8+20-24+6=10
| f(t)| | f(t)|
g(x)= lim - lim
t Úx+ f(t) t Úx- f(t)
f(x) g(x)
a lim f(x) A(0 3)

x Úa
1
y=-4|logª |+2
x
y=g(x) x P(x y)
2
5 P y
PHÓ Û`
H lim
x Ú¦ PAÓ
k=p+q'¶17 16(p+q) p q
28
|+2
x
y=g(x) y=-4|logª
2 2 4 6
5 (1 -2) ('2 0) 8 10
(2 2) (2'2 0) (4 -2) g(1)=g(4)=-2 g(2)=2 Û` 8y-8
lim PHÓ =lim xÛ` =lim =8
f(1)=f(2)=f(4)=0 x Ú¦ PAÓ x Ú¦ y+1 y Ú¦ y+1
3xÛ`-9x+6 (x<k)
f(x)=[
-xÛ`+2x+8 (x¾k)
lim (3xÛ`-9x+6)= lim (-xÛ`+2x+8)
x Úk- x Úk+
11+3'¶17
3kÛ`-9k+6=-kÛ`+2k+8 k=
8
11 3 11 3 14
p= q= 16(p+q)=16_{ + }=16_ =28
8 8 8 8 8
f(x)=xÛ`+2x+2 t
A(0 1) x g(x)
g(x)=à
C C y f(x) (x<0)
P x | f(-x)-t| (x¾0)
Q(t 0) APQ t
y=g(x) y=
3
S(t) C
h(t)
S(t)
r(t) lim t>1
t Ú¦ t_r(t) lim h(t)+ lim h(t)
t Úa- t Úa+
;2!; 1 ;2#; a aÁ aª
Á {4ak_h(ak)}
m
y am m
2 ;2%; k=1
(t r(t)) APÓ H 141

AHÓ=OHÓ-OAÓ=r(t)-1 APÓ=2AHÓ=2{r(t)-1} aÁ=;4#; aª=;2#; a£=3 a¢=6
S(t)=;2!;_APÓ_t=t{r(t)-1}= t(tÛ`-1) h(aÁ)=1 h(aª)=3 h(a£)=4 h(a¢)=3
2
Á {4ak_h(ak)}= Á {4ak_h(ak)}
lim S(t) =1
m 4
t Ú¦ t_r(t) k=1 k=1
=4aÁ_h(aÁ)+4aª_h(aª)+4a£_h(a£ +4a¢_h(a¢
=4_;4#;_1+4_;2#;_3+4_3_4+4_6_3=141
m 0 a
f(x)=à
xÛ`+(a-1)x-aÛ`+2 (xÉ2m)
-3x+4a (x>2m)
g(x)=à
ax-a (xÉm+1)
k
f(x)=à
x-a+1 (x>m+1)
2x-2 (x<2)
2-x+2 (x¾2)
g(x) g(x)=| f(x)-k|+k
lim f(x)+ lim f(x) lim g(x)+ lim g(x)
x Úa- x Úa+ x Úb- x Úb+ y=2k y=g(x)
a b
lim [h(k)h{k+ }]
1
h(k) 4
f(x) k Ú;4!;-
4
k lim
x Úk g(x)
y=h(k)
m+g(aÛ`) 4
xÛ`+(a-1)x-aÛ`+2 (xÉ2) ax-a (xÉ2)
f(x)=[ g(x)=[
-3x+4a (x>2) x-a+1 (x>2) ( 0 {kÉ0 1
k> }
2
M
h(k)={ 1 {k= }
1
lim f(x)=lim {xÛ`+(a-1)x-aÛ`+2}=1+a-1-aÛ`+2=0 2
M
x Ú1 x Ú1
1
a=-1 a=2 9 2 {0<k< 2 }
Ú a=-1
f(x) f(x)
lim + lim
x Ú2- g(x) x Ú2+ g(x) lim h(k)=2 lim h{k+;4!;}=2
Û a=2 k Ú;4!;- k Ú;4!;-
f(x) f(x)
lim = lim lim [h(k)h{k+;4!;}]= lim h(k)_ lim h{k+;4!;}=2_2=4
x Ú2- g(x) x Ú2+ g(x) k Ú;4!;- k Ú;4!;- k Ú;4!;-
Ú Û a=2
2x-2 (xÉ2)
a=2 g(x)=[
x-1 (x>2)
g(aÛ`)=g(4)=4-1=3 m+g(aÛ`)=1+3=4
학내 비정규직 노동자의 소리를 전하는 빗소리!
(x-a)f(x)
f(x) a Ú
Ú x=a f(x) x=0 f(x)
f(x)
Û lim f(x) lim f(x)= lim f(x)
x Úa x Ú0 x Ú0+
f(x) x=a
Ü lim f(x)=f(a) = lim f(x)=0
x Ú0-
x Úa
Û
f(x) x=a f(0)=1
lim f(x)=1
x Ú0+
lim f(x)=0
x Ú0-
lim f(x)
x Ú0
` Ü
f(0)=1
f(x) f(x) lim f(x)= lim f(x)=0
x Ú0+ x Ú0-
lim f(x)=0
x Ú0
lim f(x)+f(0)
x Ú0
f(x) g(x) x=a x=a

kf(x) k
f(x)Ñg(x)
f(x)g(x)
f(x) g(x)
f(x)
g(a)+0) f(x)
g(x) g(x)+0
g(x)
f(x)
x=-1 x=1
g(x)
f(x)g(x)
x=-1 x=1
f(x) [a b]
f(x)
f(x) [a b]
y=f(x)
f(x)
f(x)
f(x) a b
f(a)+f(b) f(a) f(b)
k f(c)=k c (a b)
f(a)f(b)>0 f(x)=0
(a b)
f(x) [a b] f(a)
f(b) f(a)f(b)<0 f(c)=0
c (a b)
f(x)=0 (a b)
y=f(x) y=g(x)
f(x)=x+1 x=-1
f(x)=|x| x=0
_
xÛ`-4 y=f(x) x= x=
f(x)= x=2
x-2 -2 1
lim { f(x)+g(x)} ;2!;

x Ú--1
f(x)=®É;\ 3@;x-1 x¾;2#; x

lim f(x)g(x) 1
x Ú-;2!;
|x|
f(x)= x=0
x
y=f(x)
1 4
f(x)='Ä1-x x
_ 3 1
f(x)=x|x| x y=g(x)
-1 5
2 ;2!;
x+1 (x+3)
f(x)=[
a (x=3) xÜ`+x-3=0 (1 2)
a 4
[
(x+1)(x-1)
(x+-1)
f(x)= x+1 f(x)=xÜ`+x-3 f(x)
a (x=-1) 1 2
a -2 f(1) < 0 f(2) > 0
f(x)=0
(1 2)
( 2xÛ`+ax+1 (x<1)
f(x)={ 7 (x=1)
f(x) a 9 -3x+b (x>1)
f(x) x=a
a+b a b
Ú f(x) x=a
Û lim f(x)
x Úa
11 12 13
Ü lim f(x)=f(a)
x Úa
14 15
lim f(x)= lim (2xÛ`+ax+1)=a+3
x+a x g(x) x Ú1- x Ú1-
lim f(x)= lim (-3x+b)=-3+b

g(x) (x+a) x Ú1+ x Ú1+
f(x)=[ x
k (x=a) f(1)=7
lim g(x)=k a+3=7 a=4 -3+b=7 b=10
x Úa
a+b=4+10=14
x<a g(x) x¾a h(x)
g(x) (x<a)
f(x)=[
h(x) (x¾a)
lim g(x)=h(a)
x Úa-
xÛ`+3 (x+3)
f(x)=[
a (x=3)
a
9 10 11
12 13
3x+6 (x<2)
f(x)=[ f(x) x=3
xÛ`+ax-4 (x¾2) f(3)= lim f(x)
x Ú3
a a=f(3)= lim (xÛ`+3)=12
x Ú3
6
f(x) x=2 x
x Ú2- x Ú2+
lim (3x+6)= lim (xÛ`+ax-4)=2a

x Ú2- x Ú2+
12=2a a=6
4xÛ`-a (x<1)
f(x)=[
xÜ`+a (x¾1)
a
f(x) x=2
lim f(x)=a+2 lim f(x)=3a-2
x Ú2- x Ú2+ ;2#; 2 ;2%;
a+f(2) a
6 3 ;2&;
lim f(x)= lim f(x) a=2 f(x)
x Ú2- x Ú2+
f(1)= lim f(x)= lim f(x) f(1)=1Ü`+a=1+a
f(2)=a+2=2+2=4 x Ú1+ x Ú1-
a+f(2)=2+4=6 lim f(x)= lim (xÜ`+a)=1+a lim f(x)= lim (4xÛ`-a)=4-a

x Ú1+ x Ú1+ x Ú1- x Ú1-
1+a=4-a 2a=3 a=;2#;

(xÉ1)
f(x)=[
x+2
ax-4 (x<1) -x+a (x>1)
f(x)=[
2x-a (x¾1) a
a -4 -2 0
1 2 3 2 4
4 5 f(x) x=1 x
f(1)= xlim
Ú1-
f(x)= lim f(x) 1+2=-1+a a=4
lim f(x)= lim (ax-4)=a-4 lim f(x)= lim (2x-a)=2-a x Ú1+
x Ú1- x Ú1- x Ú1+ x Ú1+
f(1)=2-a
x Ú1- x Ú1+
a-4=2-a 2a=6 a=3

lim (xÛ`+ax+b)=0 9+3a+b=0 b=-3a-9 y
x Ú3-
xÛ`+ax+b
( xÛ`+ax+b
lim
(x<3) x Ú3- x-3
x-3
f(x)={
xÛ`+ax-3a-9
= lim
x Ú3- x-3
2x+1
9
2x+10 (x<1)
f(x)=[ x-2 (x¾3) (x-3)(x+3+a)
= lim =6+a
x+a (xæ¾1) x Ú3- x-3
a-b a b
a 11
lim (2x+10)= lim (x+a)=1+a
x Ú1- x Ú1+
12=1+a a=11 9 10 11
12 13
f(3)=7 lim f(x)= lim f(x)=f(3)
x Ú3- x Ú3+
6+a=7 a=1
b=-3-9=-12 a-b=1-(-12)=13
( (3x+2)(x-3)
(x+3)
f(x)={ x-3
( -3x+a (xÉ1)
9 a (x=3)
f(x)={ x+b
9 'Äx+3 -2
a (x>1)
11
a+b 6
(3x+2)(x-3)
a= f(3)=lim =lim (3x+2)=3_3+2=11 lim (x+b)=1+b=0 b=-1
x Ú3 x-3 x Ú3 x Ú1+ a b
x+b x-1
lim = lim = lim ('Äx+3+2)=2+2=4
'Äx+3-2 x Ú1+ 'Äx+3-2 x Ú1+
x Ú1+
-3+a=4 a=7
a+b=7+(-1)=6
2x+5 (x+1)
f(x)=[
[
xÛ`-5x+a
a (x=1) (x+3)
f(x)= x-3
a b (x=3)
a+b a b
6 7 8
9 10
f(1)=lim f(x) a=lim f(x) 1 3 5
x Ú1 x Ú1
a=lim (2x+5)=7
x Ú1
7 9
xÛ`-5x+a
lim =b y 3Û`-5_3+a=0 a=6
x Ú3 x-3
a=6
xÛ`-5x+a xÛ`-5x+6 (x-2)(x-3)
lim =lim =lim =lim (x-2)=1
x Ú3 x-3 x Ú3 x-3 x Ú3 x-3 x Ú3
b=1 a+b=7
f(x) x=3 lim f(x)=f(3)
f(x)=à
x Ú3
x-4 (x<a)
[
x(xÛ`+a)
(x+3)
f(x)= x-3 x+3 (x¾a)
b (x=3)
| f(x)|
a b a+b a
9
lim
x Ú3
x(xÛ`+a)
x-3
=b lim (x-3)=0 -1 -;2!; 0
x Ú3
lim {x(xÛ`+a)}=0 3(9+a)=0 a=-9

x Ú3
x(xÛ`-9)
;2!; 1
lim =18=b a+b=9
x Ú3 x-3 lim | f(x)|= lim | f(x)|=| f(a)| |a-4|=|a+3|
x Úa- x Úa+
a-4=a+3 a-4=-(a+3)
Ú a-4=a+3 a
Û a-4=-(a+3) a-4=-a-3 2a=1 a=;2!;
Ú Û a=;2!;
f(x) x=1 limf(x)=f(1)

x Ú1
[
6xÛ`+ax+2 lim 6xÛ`+ax+2 =b
(x+1) x Ú1 x-1
f(x)= x-1
b (x=1)
f(x)=[à
a b
x+2 (xÉa)
aÛ`+bÛ` 80
lim(x-1)=0 lim(6xÛ`+ax+2)=0 xÛ`-4 (x>a)
x Ú1 x Ú1
6+a+2=0 a=-8 | f(x)|

lim 6xÛ`-8x+2 =lim 2(3xÛ`-4x+1) =4=b a
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1
aÛ`+bÛ`=(-8)Û`+4Û`=64+16=80 -3 -2 -1
1 2
|aÛ`-4|=|a+2| aÛ`-4=Ñ(a+2)
Ú aÛ`-4=a+2 a=-2 a=3
Û aÛ`-4=-(a+2) a=-2 a=1
Ú Û | f(x)| a
-2 1 3 -2+1+3=2
a b f(x)
( x+a (x<-1)
f(x)={ x (-1Éx<3)
9 bx-2 (x¾3)
| f(x)|
a+b
x+1
f(x)=
;3&; ;3*; 3 xÛ`+ax+2a
a
;;Á3¼;; ;;Á3Á;; 7
Ú | f(x)| x=-1 x+1
f(x)=
|-1+a|=1 a=2 a=0 xÛ`+ax+2a
xÛ`+ax+2a+0
a>0 a=2
x xÛ`+ax+2a+0
Û | f(x)| x=3
x xÛ`+ax+2a+0
|3b-2|=3 b=;3%; b=-;3!; xÛ`+ax+2a=0
D<0
b>0 b=;3%;
D=aÛ`-4_2a=aÛ`-8a<0
Ú Û a+b=2+;3%;=;;Á3Á;; 0<a<8
a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7
f(x) f(x)
(xÛ`-4)f(x)
lim =12
x x Ú2 x-2
x=1 x=2
f(x) f(2)
f(x)
lim =4 1 2 3
x Ú2 x-2
4 5
f(4) 24 (xÛ`-4)f(x)
lim =lim (x+2)f(x) y
x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2
y=x+2 y=f(x)
f(x)=k(x-1)(x-2) k
lim (x+2)f(x)=(2+2)f(2)=4f(2)
x Ú2
12 4f(2)=12 f(2)=3
f(x) k(x-1)(x-2)
lim =lim =lim k(x-1)=k=4
x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2
f(x)=4(x-1)(x-2) f(4)=4_3_2=24
f(x) g(x)
x<0 f(x)+g(x)=xÛ`+4
x>0 f(x)-g(x)=xÛ`+2x+8
x(x-1) |x|>1) f(x) x=0
f(x)=[ x
-xÛ`+ax+b |x|É1)
lim g(x)- lim g(x)=6 f(0)
a b a-b x Ú0- x Ú0+
-3 -1 0 -3 -1 0
1 3 1 3
Ú x>1 x<-1 f(x)=x(x-1) lim g(x)= lim {-f(x)+xÛ`+4}=-f(0)+4
x Ú0- x Ú0-
Û -1ÉxÉ1 f(x)=-xÛ`+ax+b lim g(x)= lim {`f(x)-xÛ`-2x-8}=f(0)-8

x Ú0+ x Ú0+
f(x) x=-1 lim f(x)= f(-1) a-b=-3
x Ú-1 lim `g(x)- lim `g(x)=6
x Ú0- x Ú0+
f(x) x=1 lim f(x)= f(1) a+b=1
x Ú1 {-f(0)+4}- f(0)-8}=6 f(0)=3
a=-1 b=2 a-b=-3
y=f(x)
f(x) g(x) x=a

x=a
cf(x) c g(x) g(0)= lim f(x) f(x)g(x)
x Ú1-
f(x)Ñg(x)
g(-1)
f(x)g(x)
f(x) 0 2 4
g(a)+0
g(x) 6 8
g(x)=ax+2
f(x) g(x) lim f(x)g(x)=2_(a+2) lim f(x)g(x)=0_(a+2)=0
x Ú1- x Ú1+
f(x)+g(x) f(x)-g(x) f(x)g(x) f(1) g(1)=1_(a+2)=a+2 a+2=0 a=-2
f(x) g(x)=-2x+2 g(-1)=-2_(-1)+2=4
g(x)=0 x
g(x)
+
1 f(x)
( -1 (xÉ0)
g(x)={-x+1 (0<x<2)
n x Úa
9 1 (xæ¾2)
f(x) Ún+ lim[ f(x)]=n
x Úa
f(x)g(x)
f(x) Ún- lim[ f(x)]=n-1
x Úa
f(5)
g(x)=[ f(x)] f(x)=n n
x
[x] x
f(x) g(x)=[ f(x)] f(x)

x f(x)=n n x
15 17 19
21 23
1 f(x) f(x)=xÛ`+ax+b (a b
a f(x)=[x]Û`+2a[x]+aÛ` x=1
Ú x=0 b=0 16aÛ` [x] x
Û x=2 a=-2
4
Ú Û f(x)=xÛ`-2x
aÛ`+2a+1=aÛ`
f(5)=5Û`-2_5=15
2a=-1 a=-;2!;
16aÛ`=16_{-;2!;}2`=4
{x|0<x<2} f(x) f(x)=-3(x+2)Û`-1
g(x)=à
( 1 [ f(x)] (x+-2)
-1 (0<xÉ1)
x
f(x)={ k (x=-2)
1
-1 (1<x<2)
9 x-1 x=-2 k [x] x
y=f(x)g(x) x=1
g(x) -2 -3 -4
-5 -6
g(x)=(x-1)Û` (0<x<2) lim g(x)= lim [ f(x)]=-2
x Ú-2 x Ú-2
g(x)=(x-1)Ü`+1 (0<x<2) g(x) x=-2

xÛ`+1 (0<xÉ1) k=g(-2)= lim g(x)=-2
x Ú-2
g(x)=[
(x-1)Ü` (1<x<2)
-2<x<2 f(x)=["Ã2xÛ`+1]
x [x] x
lim f(x)g(x)=f(1)g(1)=0 x=1
x Ú1
lim f(x)g(x) y=f(x)g(x) x=1

x Ú1 1 2 3
4 5
lim f(x)g(x)=0 f(1)g(1)=0_2=0 x=1
x Ú1
-2<x<2 f(x) x
'6 '6
x= x=- 2
2 2
(x-a)f(x)
x f(x)
g(x) f(x) (x-a)f(x)=g(x) (x+1)f(x)=axÜ`+bx
f(x) x f(2)=6 f(-1) a b
g(x)
f(a)=lim
x Úa x-a
3 4 5
g(x)
(x-a)f(x)=g(x) x+a f(x)=
x-a
f(x) 6 7
3xÜ`-3x 3x(x-1)(x+1)
x x=a f(-1)= lim = lim
x Ú-1 x+1 x Ú-1 x+1
g(x) = lim 3x(x-1)
f(a)=lim f(x)=lim x Ú-1
x Úa x Úa x-a
=3_(-1)_(-1-1)=6
f(x) x
(x-3)f(x)="ÃxÛ`+7-4
f(3) f(x) x
;4!; ;2!; ;4#;

(x-1)f(x)=xÜ`+ax+b
1 ;4%; f(1)=4 a_b a b
"ÃxÛ`+7-4
f(3)=lim f(x)=lim
x Ú3 x-3
x Ú3
xÛ`-9
-2 -1 0
=lim
x Ú3 (x-3) "ÃxÛ`+7+4)
1 2
6
=;4#;
x+3 xÜ`+ax+b
=lim =
x Ú3 "ÃxÛ`+7+4 '¶16+4 lim
x Ú1 x-1
=f(1)=4 lim(x-1)=0
x Ú1
lim(xÜ`+ax+b)=0 1+a+b=0 b=-a-1 y

x Ú1
xÜ`+ax+b xÜ`+ax-a-1
lim =lim
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1
(x-1)(xÛ`+x+a+1)
=lim
x Ú1 x-1
=lim(xÛ`+x+a+1)=3+a=4
x Ú1
a=1
b=-a-1=-1-1=-2 a_b=1_(-2)=-2
f(x)
(x-1)f(x)=xÛ`-3x+2
f(1) ( x-2 (x+-3)
f(x)=Ò x+3
-2 -1 0 9 5 (x=-3)
1 2 g(x)=(xÛ`+ax+b)f(x) xÉ0 x
xÛ`-3x+2 (x-1)(x-2)
x+1 f(x)= = =x-2 a+b a b
x-1 x-1
f(x) x=1 lim (xÛ`+ax+b)(x-2)=(9-3a+b)_(-5)=0 15
x Ú+-3
f(1)=lim f(x)=lim (x-2)=-1
x Ú1 x Ú1 3a-b=9 b=3a-9 y
(xÛ`+ax+3a-9)(x-2)
lim =-5(a-6)
x Ú-3 x+3
g(-3)=(9-3a+b)f(-3)=5(9-3a+b)
g(-3)= lim g(x) 5(9-3a+b)=-5(a-6)
x Ú+-3
9-3a+b=-a+6 2a-b=3 y
a=6 b=9 a+b=6+9=15
f(x)
f(x)=a n x n+a n-1x n-1+y+a1x+a0` a0 a1 ( ax
\ x-1
|x|>1)
y an n x
f(x)={
a
\
|x|<1)
1-x
f(x)
f(x) g(x) a
|x|=1)
9 2
g(x)
g(x)=0 x
a
x
f(x) x=-1
f(x) a
f(x) x=a
Ú` Û` Ü` f(x)=a a+0)
a ax ax x a ax ax x a ax ax x
f(a) lim f(x) lim f(x)
x Úa x Úa
f(a)
ax
Ú |x|>1 =a
x-1
a
Û |x|<1 =a x=0
1-x
Ü |x|=1 ;2A;=a a=0 a+0
f(x)=a
x |x|¾æ1)
f(x)=[
-x |x|<1)
f(x) 2 f(x)
( xÛ`
(x-1)f(x) x=1 (x+0)
f(x)={ 2x-|x|
{ f(x)}Û` 9 a (x=0)
a
Ú lim {f(x)}Û`={f(-1)}Û` {f(x)}Û` x=-1

x Ú-1 f(-3)=1
Û lim{f(x)}Û`={f(1)}Û` {f(x)}Û` x=1
x Ú1 x>0 f(x)=x
Ú Û {f(x)}Û`
f(x) x=0 a
(-3)Û` 9
f(-3)= = =-1
2_(-3)-|-3| -6-3
=;3!; x
xÛ` xÛ`
x<0 f(x)= =
2x+x 3x
x+0 f(x)
a=0
f(x) f(x) g(x)
1 (xæ¾0)
f(x)=[
-1 (x<0)
f(x) f(x)=f(-x) lim f(x) lim g(x)

x Ú0 x Ú0
|x|>5 f(x)=0 lim { f(x)+g(x)}
x Ú0
|x|<5 | f(x)|É10 f(x)=10 x
y=f(x) x=0 y=|f(x)|
x=0
y=|f(x)| x=0 y=f(x)
x=0
f(5)=f(-5)=0
f(x) x=0
f(x)=5 x
f(x) x y=|f(x)| x=0 y=f(x) x=0
x f(x+5)f(x-5)=0
f(x) x
y=f(x) x=a
f(x) x=a
-1 |x|¾æ1) 1 |x|¾æ1)
f(x)=[ g(x)=[
1 |x|<1) -x |x|<1)
y=f(x)
lim f(x)g(x)=-1
x Ú1
g(x+1) x=0
f(x)g(x+1) x=-1
lim g(x+1)= lim g(t)=-1 lim g(x+1)= lim g(t)=1

x Ú0- t Ú1- x Ú0+ t Ú1+
g(x+1) x=0 lim f(x)=1

x Ú0+
g(x+1) x=0
lim f(x)=-1
x Ú2-
|f(x)| x=2
lim f(x)=1
x Ú2-
y=f(x) y=g(x)
[ -;2!;x (x>0)
x+2 (xÉ0)
f(x)=
g(x)=f(x){ f(x)+k} x=0 lim f (x)=0

x Ú0+
k lim f (x)g(x)=0
x Ú1-
-2 -1 0 f (x)g(x) x=1
1 2
g(x) x=0 lim g(x)=g(0)
x Ú0
2k+4=0 k=-2
Ú f(1)g(1)=0_1=0
Û lim f(x)g(x)=0
x Ú1-
lim
x Ú1
f(x)g(x)= xlim
Ú1-
f(x)g(x)=lim
x Ú1+
f(x)g(x)=0
f(x) N( f
ÜÚ Û f(1)g(1)=lim
x Ú1
f(x)g(x)=0
f(x)g(x) x=1
1 (x>0)
f(x)=[ N( f =1
0 (xÉ0)
g(x) h(x) y=f(x)
aÁ=N(g+h) aª=N(gh) a£=N(|h|
aÁ aª a£
(g+h)(x)=g(x)+h(x) (gh)(x)=g(x)h(x)
|h|(x)=|h(x)|
(0 (xÉ0)
\1 (0<xÉ1)
g(x)={
\0 (1<xÉ2)
91 (x>2)
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)=0

(0 (xÉ0) x Ú-1- x Ú1+
\-1 (0<xÉ1)
lim f(-x)
x Ú1
h(x)={
f(x)f(-x) x=1
\0 (1<xÉ2)
91 (x>2)
aÁ=aª=a£ aÁ<aª=a£ aÁ=a£<aª lim f(-x)+ lim f(-x) f(-x) x=1

x Ú1- x Ú1+
aª<aÁ=a£ a£<aÁ=aª
aÁ=N(g+h)=1 aª=N(gh)=3 a£=N |h| =3
aÁ<aª=a£
y=f(x) y=f(x)
y=f(x-1)f(x+1) x=-1
lim f(x)=2
x Ú-1
lim f(-x)=f(1)
x Ú-1+ F(x)=f(x-1)f(x+1)
f(x)f(x+1) x=0
lim F(x)+ lim F(x)
x Ú-1+ x Ú-1-
lim f(x-1)f(x+1) y=f(x-1)f(x+1)

x Ú-1
x=-1
lim f(-x)= lim f(t)=2 f(1)=1

x Ú-1+ t Ú1-
lim f(-x)+f(1)
x Ú-1+
y=f(x) y=g(x)
y=f(x)
lim f(x)g(x)=-1
x Ú1
y=f(x)g(x) x=-1
lim f(x)=1 y=f(x)+g(x) x=1
x Ú0+
lim f(x)=f(1)
x Ú1
(x-1)f(x) x=1
lim f(x)g(x)=(-1)_(-1)=1
x Ú-1+
lim f(x)g(x)=1_(-1)=-1
x Ú-1-
lim f(x)g(x) x=-1

x Ú-1
lim f(x)=2 lim f(x)=2 lim f(x)=2
x Ú1+ x Ú1- x Ú1
f(1)=1 lim f(x)+ f(1)

x Ú1
y=f(x) y=f(x)
k
1 g(x) h(x)=f(x)g(x) y=x f(x) x=0
g(-1) k N( f)
1
[
(x+0)
f(x)= x N( f)=2
0 (x=0)
gi(i=1 2 3) N(gi)=ai ai
(|x|
(x+0)
2 3 4 gÁ(x)={ x
9 0 (x=0)
5 6
g(x)=xÛ`+ax+b(a b
Ú lim h(x)= lim h(x)=h(1)
x Ú 1+ x Ú 1-
0=1+a+b a+b=-1 y -xÛ`+1 (x+0)

gª(x)=[
Û lim h(x)= lim h(x)=h(2)
x Ú 2+ x Ú 2-
0 (x=0)
4+2a+b=-4-2a-b 2a+b=-4 y
a=-3 b=2 g(x)=xÛ`-3x+2
(1
g(-1)=1+3+2=6
(x+0)
g£(x)={ xÛ`
9 0 (x=0)
[-1 1] y=f(x)
aÁ=aª<a£ aÁ<aª=a£ aÁ=aª=a£

aª=a£<aÁ a£<aÁ=aª
Ú F(x)=xgÁ(x) aÁ=N(gÁ)=1
Û F(x)=xgª(x) aª=N(gª)=1
Ü F(x)=xg£(x) G(x)=xÛ`g£(x) H(x)=xÜ`g£(x)
a£=N(g£ =3
Ú Ü aÁ=aª<a£
[-1 1] g(x) h(x)
g(x)=f(x)+| f(x)| h(x)=f(x)+f(-x)
lim g(x)=0
x Ú0
|h(x)| x=0
g(x)|h(x)| x=0
lim g(x)|h(x)|=lim g(x)_lim|h(x)|=0_1=0

x Ú0 x Ú0 x Ú0
g(0)=f(0)+| f(0)|=;2!;+|;2!;|=1
|h(0)|=1
g(0)|h(0)|=1_1=1
lim g(x)|h(x)|+g(0)|h(0)|
x Ú0
g(x)|h(x)| x=0
y=f(x)
g(x) h(x)
f(x) [a c]
g(x) (aÉx<b)
f(x)=[
h(x) (bÉx<c)
f(x+p)=f(x)(p=c-a)
lim g(x)= lim h(x)=h(b)
x Úb- x Úb+
lim g(x)= lim h(x)=g(a) =h(c))

x Úa+ x Úc-
g(x)=f(x)f(x-2) h(x)=f(x)+f(x-2)
lim g(x)=0
x Ú2
h(x) x=2
g(x)h(x) f(x) x f(x+2)=f(x)
(-1Éx<0)
f(x)=[
ax+1
3xÛ`+2ax+b (0Éx<1)
lim g(x)=0 lim h(x)=3
x Ú2 x Ú2
f(x) a
lim g(x)h(x)= lim g(x)_ lim h(x)=0_3=0 y b a+b
x Ú2 x Ú2
x Ú2
h(2)=3 g(2)=f(2)f(0)=2_1=2
g(2)h(2)=2_3=6 y -2 -1 0
lim g(x)h(x)+g(2)h(2)
x Ú2
1 2
g(x)h(x) x=2 f(x) x f(x)=f(x+2)
g(x)h(x) lim f(x)= lim f(x)= lim (ax+1)=-a+1
x Ú1+ x Ú-1+ x Ú-1+
lim f(x)= lim (3xÛ`+2ax+b)=3+2a+b=2a+4

x Ú1- x Ú1-
f(1)= f(-1)=-a+1
-a+1=2a+4 a=-1 a+b=(-1)+1=0
f(x)
x f(x+5)=f(x)
2x+a (-2Éx<1)
f(x)=[
xÛ`+bx+3 (1ÉxÉ3)
f(2011)
-9 -7 -5
-3 -1
lim f(x)= lim (2x+a)=2+a lim f(x)= lim (xÛ`+bx+3)=4+b
x Ú1- x Ú1- x Ú1+ x Ú1+
2+a=4+b a-b=2 y
f(x+5)=f(x) f(3)=f(-2)
3Û`+3b+3=2_(-2)+a a-3b=16 y
a=-5 b=-7
2x-5 (-2Éx<1)
f(x)=[
xÛ`-7x+3 (1ÉxÉ3)
f(2011)=f(402_5+1)=f(1)=1-7+3=-3
x f(x) f(x+4)=f(x)
[0 4] -x+2 (x>1)
f(x)=[ g(x)=(2+k)x
3x (0Éx<1) x+1 (xÉ1)
f(x)=[
xÛ`+ax+b (1ÉxÉ4) g( f(x))
f(10) k
-1 0 1 -1 -2 -3
2 3 -4 -5
lim f(x)= lim f(x)=f(1) a+b=2 g(f(1))=g(2)=(2+k)_2=4+2k
x Ú1- x Ú1+
lim g(f(x))= lim g(t)=2+k
f(x) f(x+4)=f(x) 4 x Ú1+ t Ú1-
f(0)=0 f(4)=4Û`+4a+b=16+4a+b 4a+b=-16 lim g(f(x))= lim g(t)=(2+k)_2=4+2k g(f(x))

x Ú1- t Ú2-
f(x)=xÛ`-6x+8 (1ÉxÉ4) jK f(10)=f(2)=4-12+8=0 x=1 4+2k=2+k k=-2
f(g(x))
Ú x``Ú`k g(x)``Úà
Û g(x)``Úà f(g(x))``Ú`b
f(g(x)) x``Ú`k b
f(g(x)) x=k
f(g(k))=b
( 0 (x<2) ( -1 (x<2)
f(x)={ 1 (x=2) g(x)={ 0
f(g(x)) lim g(x)=a g(x)=t
x Úk (x=2)
9 2 (xæ>2) 9 1
lim f(g(x))=lim f(t) x=k
x Úk t Úa (x>2)
lim f(g(x))=f(g(k)) lim f(t)=f(a)
x Úk t Úa
lim ( f½f)(x)
x Ú2
( f½g)(x) x=2
(xÛ`-2x-1 (x<1) (g½f)(x) x=2
f(x)={ 1 (x=1)
9-xÛ`+2x+1 (x>1)
lim (g½f)(x)=xlim
Ú2+
g(f(x))=g(2)=0
x Ú2+
lim | f(x)|=2 lim (g½f)(x)= lim g( f(x))=g(0)=-1

x Ú2- x Ú2-
x Ú1
lim (g½f)(x)+ lim (g½f)(x)
lim f( f(x))=-2 x Ú2+ x Ú2-
x Ú2+
(g½f)(x) x=2
y=f( f(x)) 3
lim f( f(x))= lim f(t)=-2

x Ú2+ t Ú1-
y=f( f(x)) f(x)=1 y=1

f(x) 3 3
[-1 4] y=f(x)
xÛ`-x+2a (x¾æ1)
f(x)=[ g(x)=xÛ`+ax+3
3x+a (x<1)
(g ç f)(x)
a
;4&; ;;Á8°;; 2
;;Á8¦;; ;4(;
Ú f(x)
lim f(x)=f(1) 2a=3+a a=3
x Ú1
Û f(x) x=1 a+3 lim f(x)< lim f(x)

x Ú1- x Ú1+
lim (g ç f)(x)= lim (g ç f)(x)=(g ç f)(1)
1
lim f{ }=1
x Ú1+ x Ú1-
6aÛ`+3=2aÛ`+9a+12 4aÛ`-9a-9=0 (a-3)(4a+3)=0 t Ú¦ t

a=-;4#; a+3) f f(x)) x=3
a 3+{-;4#;}=;4(;
x=3 f( f(3))= f(2)=1

f(x) (-1 1] lim f( f(x))= lim f(t)=3 lim f( f(x))= lim f(t)=1
x Ú3- t Ú2+ x Ú3+ t Ú2-
f(x)=(x-1)(2x-1)(x+1) x lim f( f(x))

x Ú3
f( f(x)) x=3
f(x)=f(x+2) a>1 g(x)

x (x+1)
g(x)=[ ( f ç g)(x) x=1
a (x=1)
a
2 ;2%; 3 y=f(x) y=g(x)
;2&; 4
lim ( f ç g)(x)= lim ( f ç g)(x)=( f ç g)(1) f(a)=0
x Ú1+ x Ú1-
a>1 f(x)=f(x+2) a ;2%;
f(x)-g(x) x=-1
f(x)g(x) x=-1
f ç g)(x) x=1
g(x) x=a f(x) x=g(a)

f(g(x)) x=a
f(g(1))=f(0)=0 lim f(g(x))= lim f(t)=0
x Ú1- t Ú0-
y=f(x) y=g(x)
lim f(g(x))=f(1)=-1
x Ú1+
f(g(x)) g(f(x))
f(g(x)) x=1
x+a f(x)
g(x) g(f(x)) x=a
f(x) y=f(x)
f(x) x=1 x=2 x=3

g(x)=xÛ`-4x+k f ç g)(x) x=2
( f ç f (x) x=a a
k 13
0ÉaÉ6 g(x)=xÛ`-4x+k=(x-2)Û`+k-4
lim f(g(x))= lim f(t)
3 4 5 x Ú2 t Ú(k-4)+
f(x) lim f(t)

6 7 t Ú(k-4)+
( f ç g)(x) x=2 x=2

Ú x=2 lim f( f(x))=lim (x-6)=-4 f( f(2))=-2
x Ú2 x Ú2
Û x=5 lim f( f(x))=lim (x-6)=-1 f( f(5))=1 f(x) x=k-4

x Ú5 x Ú5
Ú Û ( f ç f (x) x=2 x=5 a k-4 2 3 k=6 k=7

2 5 k =6+7=13
=2+5=7
y=f(x) y=g(x)
y=f(x)
g(x) 1 g(0)=3
(g ç f (x)
g(3)
f(x)g(x) x=1
31 30 29
( f ç g)(x) x=0
28 27
(g ç f (x) x=-1
Ú x=0 a+b+4=3 jK a+b=-1 y
Û x=2 a-b+2=3 jK a-b=1 y
a=0 b=-1 g(x)=xÜ`-x+3
g(3)=3Ü`-3+3=27
lim g(x)=1- lim f(g(x))= lim f(t)=0

x Ú0 x Ú0 t Ú1-
f(g(0))=-1 x=0 ( f ç g)(x)

[0 5] y=f(x) y=f(x) y=g(x)
g(x)
{ f(x)}Û` (0ÉxÉ3)
g(x)=[
(f ç f)(x) (3<xÉ5)
g(x) [0 5]
y=f(x)
g( f(0))=0
y=g( f(x)) x=0
-1ÉxÉ3 y=g( f(x)) x
2
g( f(0))=0
lim g( f(x))= lim g(t)=0 lim g( f(x))= lim g(t)=0
x Ú0+ t Ú2- x Ú0- t Ú0-
lim g( f(x))=0=g( f(0)) x=0

x Ú0
f( ) f( )
f
f
f(x) x=a f(x)g(x) x=a

g(x) x=3 f(x)
lim g(x)=g(a)=0
x=3 x Úa
y= f(x) x=3 g(x)

lim g(x)= lim f( f(x))= lim f(t)=2
x Ú3+ x Ú3+ t Ú1-
lim g(x)= lim { f(x)}Û`=1

x Ú3- x Ú3-
lim g(x)+ lim g(x)

x Ú3+ x Ú3-
(xÉ1)
f(x)=[
g(x) x=3 x(x-2)
x=4 x(x-2)+16 (x>1)
x Ú4+ x Ú4+ t Ú1+
f(x){ f(x)-a}
x Ú4- x Ú4- t Ú0+
a 14
lim g(x)+ lim g(x)
x Ú4+ x Ú4-
f(1){ f(1)-a}=-1_(-1-a)=a+1
g(x) x=4 [0 5]
lim f(x){ f(x)-a}=225-15a
x Ú1+
lim f(x){ f(x)-a}=a+1

x Ú1-
f(x){ f(x)-a} x=1

a+1=225-15a 16a=224 a=14
y=f(x) y=f(x) 1
g(x) h(x)=f(x)g(x)
(-2 2) g(5) 24
(xÛ`+ax+b)f(x) x=1 a+b

a b g(x)=(x+1)(x-1)=xÛ`-1
g(5)=5Û`-1=24
-2 -1 0
1 2
lim (xÛ`+ax+b)f(x)=1+a+b
x Ú1-
lim (xÛ`+ax+b)f(x)=3(1+a+b)
x Ú1+
x=1 (1+a+b)f(1)=1+a+b
1+a+b=3(1+a+b)
f(x)=à g(x)=à
1+a+b=0 a+b=-1
-2x+3 (x<0) 2x (x<a)
-2x+2 (x¾0) 2x-1 (x¾a)
f(x)=à
-2x+6 (x<a) f(x)g(x)
2x-a (x¾a) a
{ f(x)}Û` -2 -1 0
a 1 2
Ú aÉ0
2 4 6
lim f(x)g(x)+ lim f(x)g(x) f(x)g(x) x=0
x Ú0- x Ú0+
8 10
lim { f(x)}Û`= lim (2x-a)Û`=(2a-a)Û`=aÛ` Û a>0
x Úa+ x Úa+
lim { f(x)}Û`= lim (-2x+6)Û`=(-2a+6)Û` f(x)g(x) x=a

x Úa- x Úa-
2a(-2a+2)=(-2a+2)(2a-1) a=1
{ f(a)}Û`=(2a-a)Û`=aÛ` aÛ`=(-2a+6)Û` a=2 a=6
a 2+6=8
f(x)=[
f(x) xÛ`-4x+6 (x<2)
f(x) lim =2 g(x)=ax+1
x Ú¦ xÛ`-3x-5 1 (x¾2)
f(x)=2xÛ`+ax+b a b
g(x) g(x)
( 1 (x+3) x Ú3
lim f(x)g(x)
f(x)
g(x)={ x-3 =lim (2xÛ`+ax+b)_
1
a
9 1 (x=3) f(3)g(3)=(18+3a+b)_1=18+3a+b
x Ú3 x-3
-;4%; -;4#;
f(x) g(x) f(x)g(x)
-1 `
f(1)
8 9 10 -;2!; -;4!;
( ax+1
g(x) (x<2)
11 12 ={ xÛ`-4x+6
f(x)
lim (2xÛ`+ax+b)=0
x Ú3
18+3a+b=0 b=-3a-18 9 ax+1 (x¾2)
g(2) g(x)
2xÛ`+ax+b 2xÛ`+ax-3a-18 (x-3)(2x+a+6) =2a+1 lim = lim (ax+1)=2a+1
lim =lim =lim f(2) x Ú2+ f(x) x Ú2+
x Ú3 x-3 x Ú3 x-3 x Ú3 x-3
g(x) ax+1 2a+1
=lim(2x+a+6)=0 lim = lim =
x Ú3 x Ú2- f(x) x Ú2- xÛ`-4x+6 2
6+a+6=0 a=-12 b=-3_(-12)-18=18 2a+1
=2a+1 a=-;2!;
f(x)=2xÛ`-12x+18 f(1)=2-12+18=8 2
f(x)
x+3 (xÉa)
f(x)=[
f(x) f(x)
g(x)=x-(2a+7) lim =1 lim =k
xÛ`-x (x>a) f(x)=(x-1)(x+a)
g(x)
f(x)g(x) h(2)= f(2) g(2)=(2+a)_3=6+3a
x+1 (xÉ2) lim h(x)= lim f(x)g(x)=0
a 21 g(x)=[ x Ú2+ x Ú2+
lim f(x)g(x)=(aÛ`-a)(-a-7) lim f(x)g(x)=(a+3)(-a-7) 2-x (x>2) xlim

Ú2-
h(x)= lim f(x)g(x)=6+3a
x Ú2-
x Úa+ x Úa-
f(a)g(a)=(a+3)(-a-7) h(x)=f(x)g(x) x=2
(aÛ`-a)(-a-7)=(a+3)(-a-7) k
(a+7){(aÛ`-a)-(a+3)}=0 (a+7)(a+1)(a-3)=0
a=-7 a=-1 a=3 -2 -1 0
f(x)g(x) 1 2
a (-7)_(-1)_3=21
h(2)=lim h(x) 6+3a=0 a=-2
x Ú2
f(x)=(x-1)(x-2)
f(x) (x-1)(x-2)
k=lim =lim =lim (x-2)=-1
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1
-1 a f(x)
[
(-x-1)(-x) (xÉ0)
-x-1 (xÉ0)
f(x)=[ g(x)= (2x+a)(-x) (0<xÉ1) f(x)
2x+a (x>0) (xÉ1)
f(x)=[
(2x+a)(2x-2+a) (x>1) a
g(x)=f(x)f(x-1) -x+2 (x>1)
a a
-;2&; -3 -;2%;
-2 -;2#; lim f(x)=1

x Ú1+
Ú x=0 lim `g(x)= lim `g(x)=g(0) g(x) a a=0 f(x) x=1

x Ú0- x Ú0+
x=0 y=(x-1)f(x)
Û x=1 lim `g(x)= lim (2x+a)(-x)=-(a+2)
x Ú1- x Ú1-
lim `g(x)= lim (2x+a)(2x-2+a)=a(a+2)

x Ú1+ x Ú1+
-(a+2)=a(a+2) (a+1)(a+2)=0 a=-1 a=-2
a+-1 a=-2
Ú Û a=-2 f(x) x=1 lim f(x)=f(1)
x Ú1
lim f(x)=1 x=1 f(1)=a=1

x Ú1+
f(x)=[
xÛ`+1 |x|É2)
f(x)=xÛ`-x+a g(x)
-2x+3 |x|>2)
f(x+1) (xÉ0)
f(-x){`f(x)+k} x=2 g(x)=[
f(x-1) (x>0)
k 16
y={ g(x)}Û` x=0 a
lim f(-x){ f(x)+k}= lim f(-x)_ lim { f(x)+k}=5(5+k)
x Ú2- x Ú2- x Ú2-
lim f(-x){ f(x)+k}= lim f(-x)_ lim { f(x)+k}=7(-1+k)

x Ú2+ x Ú2+ x Ú2+
f(-x){ f(x)+k} x=2 -2 -1 0

f(-2){ f(2)+k}=5(5+k)
1 2
f(-x){ f(x)+k} x=2
[
= lim {g(x)}Û`= lim { f(x+1)}Û`={ f(1)}Û`=aÛ`
5(5+k)=7(-1+k) 25+5k=-7+7k 2k=32 x Ú0- x Ú0-
k=16 = lim {g(x)}Û`= lim { f(x-1)}Û`={ f(-1)}Û`=(2+a)Û`

x Ú0+ x Ú0+
{g(0)}Û`={ f(1)}Û`=aÛ` aÛ`=(a+2)Û` jK a=-1

f(x)
xÛ` (x+1)
f(x)=[
[-;2!;x+7 (x>0)
x+1 (xÉ0)
2 (x=1) f(x)=
f(x)f(x-a) x=a
lim f(x)= lim f(x) a 13
x Ú1- x Ú1+
g(x)=f(x-a) f(x)f(x-a) 7f(a)=f(a) f(a)=0

Ú a<0 a+1=0 a=-1
a
Û a>0 -;2!;a+7=0 a=14
h(x)=(x-1)f(x)
a (-1)+14=13
f(x) x=1 g(x)

f(x) x a
a
g(x)= f(x-a) x=1+a
5 a b f(x) g(x)
f(x)=xÛ`-2ax+aÛ`-a+1 Ú f(x)g(x)
g(x)=à
x=1
x+b (1<x<3)
(a-1)(a-2)(7-b)
f(x)=0 y=f(x)
7-b (xÉ1 x¾3) =(a-1)(a-2)(1+b)
x
f(x)g(x)
f(x)=g(x) y=f(x)
(a b) 7
a=1 a=2 b=3 y=g(x)
Û f(x)g(x) x=3
(a-2)(a-5)(7-b)=(a-2)(a-5)(3+b)
a=2 a=5 b=2
f(x)g(x)
(a b) (1 2) (2 1) (2 2) (2 3) (2 4) (2 5)
(5 3) 7
f(x)=xÛ`-8x+a g(x) xÛ`+yÛ`=tÛ` y=1 f(t)

2x+5a (x¾a) f(a)g(a)=(aÛ`-8a+a)(2a+5a) (x+k)f(x) (0 ¦ f(1)+k
g(x)=[ =7aÛ`(a-7) k
f(x+4) (x<a)
a -2 -1 0
lim f(x)g(x)= lim (xÛ`-8x+a)(2x+5a)
56 x Úa+ x Úa+ 1 2
=7aÛ`(a-7)
2 |t|>1)
f(t)=[1 |t|=1)
f(x)=0 (0 2) 0 |t|<1)
f(1)=1 lim f(x)=0 lim f(x)=2
x Ú1- x Ú1+
f(x)g(x) x=a (1+k)f(1)= lim (x+k)f(x)= lim (x+k)f(x)
x Ú1- x Ú1+
(1+k)_1=(1+k)_0=(1+k)_2 1+k=0 k=-1

lim f(x)g(x)= lim (xÛ`-8x+a) f(x+4)=a(a-7)(aÛ`+a-16)
x Úa- x Úa- f(1)+k=1+(-1)=0
7aÛ`(a-7)=a(a-7)(aÛ`+a-16)
a=7 a=8 0<a<12)
a 7_8=56
t y=t y=|xÛ`-2x| a>2 a f(x)
f(x)=à
f(t) 1 xÛ`-4x+3 (xÉ2)
g(t) f(t)g(t) t -xÛ`+ax (x>2)
f(3)+g(3) 8 1 g(x)
h(x)
(0 (t<0)
\2 (t=0) h(1)+h(3) lim h(x)=lim
(x-1)(x-2)(x-a) 1-a
=
2
x Ú1 x Ú1
f(t)=[{ 4
xÛ`-4x+3
(0<t<1)
\3 (t=1) g(x)
x+1 x+a h(x)=
92 (t>1) f(x)
h(1)=h(a) (x-1)(x-2)(x-a)
lim h(x)=lim
x Úa x Úa -xÛ`+ax
Ú t=0
(a-1)(a-2)
t=0 0=4 g(0)=2 g(0) g(0)=0 =-
a
Û t=1 15 7 13
- - -
t=1 4g(1)=2g(1)=3g(1)
6 3 6
g(1)=0 11
-2 -
Ú Û g(0)=g(1)=0 1 g(t) 6
g(t)=t(t-1) g(3)=3_2=6 h(1)=h(a)
f(3)+g(3)=2+6=8 1-a (a-1)(a-2)
=- a=1 a=4
2 a
a>2 a=4
f(x) x ( (x-1)(x-2)(x-4)
M (x-1)(x-3) (xÉ2)
={ (x-1)(x-2)(x-4)
g(x)
h(x)=
f(x) M
{ f(x)}Ü`-{ f(x)}Û`-xÛ`f(x)+xÛ`=0 (x>2)
9 -x(x-4)
f(x) 1 0
h(1)+h(3)=-;2#;+{-;3@;}=-;;Á6£;;
f{-;3$;}+f(0)+f{;2!;}
O(0 0) A('2 0) B(0 '2 )

;2!; 1 ;2#;
O C t
2 ;2%; ABP C P f(t)

f(x)=1 f(x)=-x f(x)=x
f(x) P AB
( 1 (x<-1)
M -x (-1ÉxÉ0)
f(x)={
M x (0ÉxÉ1) f{;2!;}=2
9 1 (x>1)
lim f(t)+f(1)
f {-;3$;}+f(0)+f {;2!;}=1+0+;2!;=;2#; t Ú1+
0<a<4 a f(t) t=a

a 3
m y=mx
f(x)=2x+3+|x-1|
g(m)
1 h(x) g(x)h(x)
( 2 (0<t<1)
h(5) 8 M 3 (t=1)
f(x)=[
x+4 (x<1) M 4 (1<t<2)
3x+2 (x¾1) f(t)={ 6 (t=2)
1 (m<1 m>3) M 8 (2<t<3)
g(m)=[
0 (1ÉmÉ3) M 10 (t=3)
g(x)h(x) 9 12 (3<t<4)
Ú x=1 h(1)=0 0<a<4 a f(t) t=a a
Û x=3 h(3)=0 1 2 3 a 3
Ú Û h(1)=h(3)=0 1 h(x)
h(x)=(x-1)(x-3)
h(5)=4_2=8
(-1 5) y=f(x)
´
y
f(x) a b f(x)
3
y
y=f(x)
f(c) 2
y=f(x)
f(b) 1
f(a)
x -1 O 1 3 4 5 x
O a c b
f(x) a b f(x) x=3

y=f(x)
0 2 f(x)
1 4 f(x)
lim f(x)=3 f(3)=2 lim f(x)+f(3)

x Ú3 x Ú3
f(x) x=3
f(x) 0 2
f(x)
1 4 f(x) f(1)=f(4)=1
1
f(x)= `(-1ÉxÉ1)
x
1
g(x)= +2`(0ÉxÉ3)
x+1
h(x)='Äx+3`(1<x<2)
-2x+3
2 4 f(x)= M
x-1
g(x)=
1
+2 x=-1 0 3
m m+M
x+1
-;3@; -;3$;
g(x)
0
-2 -;3*;
f(x) x>1 f(x) M
m
xÛ`-4x+5 (x+2)
-1 3 f(x)=[ M=f(2)=
-2_2+3
2-1
=-1 m=f(4)=
-2_4+3
4-1
=-;3%;
3 (x=2)
x=k M k+M 9 M+m=(-1)+{-;3%;}=-;3*;
-1 3 f(x) x=-1
10 k=-1 M=10
k+M=(-1)+10=9
f(x)=xÞ`+xÜ`-3xÛ`+k g(x)=xÜ`-5xÛ`+3
(1 2) f(x)=g(x)
k 36
f(x) a b f(a)+f(b)
h(x)=f(x)-g(x) (1 2)
f(a) f(b) k f(c)=k (1 2) h(1)h(2)<0
c (a b) -37<k<0
y k 0-(-37)-1=36
y=f(x)
f(b)
k
y=k y=f(x)
f(a)
;2!;x-1 (x>0)
[
O a cÁ cª c£ b x
g(x)=
f(x) a b f(a)f(b)<0 -x-2 (xÉ0)
f(c)=0 c (a b)
`f(x)=0 (a b)
lim g(x)=-2 lim g(x)= lim {;2!; x-1}=-1

x Ú0+ x Ú0+ x Ú0+
f(x) f(-2)=-2 f(-1)=2 f(0)=3

g f(x)) x=0 lim g( f(x))=g( f(0))
x Ú0
f(1)=0 f(2)=1 f(3)=-3 f(x)=0
g f(x))=0 [-3 3]
n n 3
f(-2)f(-1)=(-2)_2=-4<0
f(x)=0 (-2 -1)
f(1)=0 x=1 f(x)=0
f(2)f(3)=1_(-3)=-3<0 f(x)=0 (2 3)
f(x) f(x)=0 3 h(x)= g( f(x)) h(-3)h(3)<0

n=3 h(x) [-3 3] x
xÜ`-8x+10=0
2 a
(0 1) (-1 0) (-2 -1)
(x-a)Û` (xÉa)
(-3 -2) (-4 -3) f(x)=[
(x-2)(x-a) (x>a)
f(x)=xÜ`-8x+10 f(-4)f(-3)<0
(-4 -3) f(3a)
a
f(c)=0 c 0 1+
2
(2 f(2)) (a f(a)) {1+ f{1+ }}
a a
2 2
1
xÝ`+x+k=0 (1 2) 8
k 15
f(x)=xÝ`+x+k 2 4 8
f(1)f(2)<0 (k+2)(k+18)<0 16 32
-18<k<-2
k -17 -16 -15 y -4 -3 15
1 1 1 1
_(2-a)_|{ -1}{1- }|=
a a
(2-a)Ü``= (2-a)Ü`=1
2 2 2 8 8 8
a=1 0<a<2) f(3a)=f(3)=(3-2)_(3-1)=2
a b f(x)
f(x)=à
ax+b (x<1) á -3x(x+2) (x<0)
f(x)=[
-3x(x+2) (x<0) f(x)={ 9
cxÛ`+;2%;x (x¾1) |axÛ`+bx| (x¾0) » | 4 xÛ`-6x| (x¾0)
t f(x)=t x
xÁ xª x£ y xm m
y=f(x) y=f -1(x)
g(t) g(t)=xÁ g(t)
3 x -1 1 2
2a+4b-10c a b c
20
f(x) a+b=c+;2%; y g(t) t=3 t=4
y=f(x) y=f -1(x) x -1 1 2 lim g(t)=;3@;
t Ú3+
(-1 2) (1 1) (2 -1)
f(-1)=-a+b=2 y f(2)=4c+5=-1 y 30_g(4) 40

c=-;2#; a=-;2!; b=;2#; g(4) y=f(x) y=4 x
2a+4b-10c=2_{-;2!;}+4_;2#;-10_{-;2#;}=20 g(4)=;3$;
30_g(4)=30_;3$;=40
a b {x|x¾0}
-ax-b+1
1 f(x) f(x)= (ab>0)
ax+b
g(x) k {x|x¾0}
g(x)=[à
1
2k-f(x) ( f(x)<k) ( 1 {m<- 28 }
x f(x)g(x)=x(x+3) f(x) ( f(x)¾k) M 2 {- 1 ÉmÉ0}
g(0)=1 M 28
h(m)={ 3 {0<m< 9 }
1
M 1
f(1) g(2) 2 {m= }
lim|g(x)|=
1 M 9
x Ú¦ 2
9 1 {m> 1 }
;1°3; ;1°4; ;3!; |g(0)|=1
9
y=|g(x)| y=-k
;1°6; ;1°7;
f(x)=x(xÛ`+ax+b) a b
{;2Á8; -k} (a -k) { a>;2Á8;}
lim(xÛ`+ax+b)_lim g(x)=lim(x+3) b_g(0)=3 b=3
x Ú0 x Ú0 x Ú0
x+3
y=m(x-4a)+;4#;
x xÛ`+ax+3+0 g(x)=
xÛ`+ax+3 y=|g(x)|
x xÛ`+ax+3+0
D=aÛ`-12<0 -2'3<a<2'3 h(m) h(m)
f(x)=x(xÛ`+ax+3) f(1)=1_(1Û`+a+3)=a+4 m M 252M
a a¾-3
19
-3Éa<2'3 a -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
2+3 5 h(m) m -;2Á8; 0 ;9!;
g(2)= =
4+2a+3 2a+7
m M=-;2Á8;+0+;9!;=;2Á5»2;
2a+7 a=3 g(2)
g(2)
5
=
5 252M=252_;2Á5»2;=19
2_3+7 13
m
( x+2 (x<-1) ( xÛ`+ax+b (x<m)
\0 (x=-1) f(x)={
f(x)={ 9 ;4!;(x-3)Û` (x¾m)
\ xÛ` (-1<x<1)
9 x-2 (xæ¾1) y=mx g(m)
mÉ0 g(m) a b
a+b 48
a
lim { f(x)+f(-x)}=0 mÉ0 g(m) - =-3
4
a=12
x Ú1+
aÛ` 12Û` 144
f(x)-|f(x)| 1 b=
4
b=
4
=
4
=36 a+b=12+36=48
f(x)f(x-a)
a
t
{(x y)|y=x y=(x-a)Û`-a} a
x+y=t f(t)
a=0 f(0)=2
f(t) t=-;4!;
f(t) t=a a
a=1 f(x-1) f(x) x 1 2 a ;4~!;

f(x-1) x=-1 x=1
0 f(x) x=2 0 f(x)f(x-1)
f(t) t=a a 2 a
a b c f(x) -;8!; ;8#; a -;8!;+;8#;=;4!;
f(x)=à
-|2x+a|` (x<0)
xÛ`+bx+c (x¾0)
| f(x)| a b c f(x)=a(x-b)Û`+c
t y=t y=f(x) y=|f(x)| f(x) g(x)
g(t) h(t)
(x¾0)
g(x)=[
f(x)
g(t) h(t)
f(-x) (x<0)
t y=t y=g(x)
g(t) {1 2 3 4}
h(t) h(t)
lim h(t)_lim h(t)=12
t Ú2- t Ú2+
y=xÛ`+bx+c(x¾0) k
f(-2)+f(6) h(2)<h(-1)<h(0)
12 14 16 (tÛ`-t)h(t) t
18 20
k=-a h(t) a=2
80f{;2!;} 60
k=-2 c=a c=2
y=xÛ`+bx+2={x+ }2`+2-
[
b bÛ` 0 (t>1)
f(x) x¾0
2 4 2 (t=1)
bÛ` h(t)= 4 (0<t<1)
-2 k=2- =-2 bÛ`=16 b=-4 b<0 f(x)=-(x-1)Û`+1
4
3 (t=0)
-|2x+2| (x<0) 80f{;2!;}=80_;4#;=60
f(x)=[ 2 (t<0)
xÛ`-4x+2 (x¾0)
f(-2)+f(6)=-|-4+2|+(36-24+2)=-2+14=12
ABÓ=4 BCÓ=3 B=90ù a
ABC AB P {x|axÛ`+2(a-2)x-(a-2)=0 x }
2 O APÓ=x(0<x<4) O f(a)
ABC f(x)
f(x) x=a a
lim f(a)=f(0)
;pQ; p+q 19 a Ú0
lim f(a)+ lim f(a) c 2

p q a Úc+ a Úc-
( 2 (0<x<2) f(a) 3
3 (x=2)
|
4 {2<x<:Á3¼;;}
f(x)={
| 3 {x=:Á3¼;;}
lim f(a)=2 f(0)=1 lim f(a)+f(0)
9 2 {:Á3¼;;<x<4} a Ú0 a Ú0
f(x) x=2 x=:Á3¼;;
a 2+:Á3¼;;=:Á3¤;;
p=3 q=16
p+q=3+16=19
t a b f(x)=xÛ`-2ax+b
-x (xÉ1) g(x)
g(x)=à
f(x)=(x-t)Û`-1 g(x)=[ f(x+a) (xÉa)
x+2 (x>1)
h(t) | f(x)| (x>a)
t y=t y=g(x)
h(t)
h(t)
lim h(t)=3
t Ú-1+
h(t) t=1 k¾24 k

h(t) t=a a {h(t)-2}h(t-k)
:Á4°:
10a+b 44
-aÛ`+b<0 aÛ`-b>b
k¾2(aÛ`-b) k
( 2 (tÉ-1) {h(t)-2}h(t-k)
2(aÛ`-b)=24
| 3 {-1<t<;4%;} aÛ`-b=12 b=aÛ`-12>0 aÛ`>12 y
h(t)={ 2 {t=;4%;} aÛ`-b>b aÛ`-2b>0
aÛ`-2b=aÛ`-2(aÛ`-12)=24-aÛ`>0 aÛ`<24 y
| 1 {;4%;<tÉ3}
12<aÛ`<24 a a=4
9 2 (t>3) b=aÛ`-12=4Û`-12=4
10a+b=10_4+4=44
y=h(t) t=-1 t=;4%; t=3
a -1+;4%;+3=:Á4£:
x Úa
x Úa
h Ú0
h Ú0
x Úa
h Ú0
y=f(x)g(x)
y=f(x)g(x)
x Úa
y=f(x)g(x)
n
y={ f(x)}
y=f(x) x a b
Dy f(b)-f(a) f(a+Dx)-f(a)
= =
Dx b-a Dx
y=f(x)
P(a f(a)) Q(b f(b))
PQ f(a+h)-f(a)
f'(a)=lim
h Ú0 h
y=f(x) x=a f(a+kh)-f(a)

lim
h Ú0 h
f(a+Dx)-f(a) f(x)-f(a)
f`'(a)=lim =lim =kf '(a)
Dx Ú0 Dx x Úa x-a
f(a+kh)-f(a+mh)
y=f(x) lim
h Ú0 h
(a f(a)) =(k-m)f '(a)
f(x) x=a
f '(a) f '(x) x=a
n
y=x n
y=xn y'=nxn-1
c y=c y'=0
xn
f(x) g(x) f(x) x=a
y=cf(x) c y'=cf '(x) f(x)g(x) { f(x)}n
f(x) x=a
y=f(x)+g(x) y'=f '(x)+g '(x) f(x) x=a
y=f(x)-g(x) y'=f '(x)-g '(x)
f(x)
y={ f(x)}n n y'=n{ f(x)}n-1f '(x) y=f(x)
f(x) g(x) h(x)

y=f(x)g(x) y'=f '(x)g(x)+f(x)g '(x)
y=f(x)g(x)h(x)
y'=f '(x)g(x)h(x)+f(x)g '(x)h(x)+f(x)g(x)h'(x) f(x)=|x|
f(x) x
f(x)
f(x) x=a
f '(a) f(x) Ú x=0
lim f(x)=f(0)=0
x=a x Ú0
Û x=0
f(x) x=a
f(0+h)-f(0)
lim
f(x) x=a h Ú0+ h
|h| h
f(x) x=a f(x) x=a = lim = lim =1
h Ú0+ h h Ú0+ h
f(0+h)-f(0)
lim
h Ú0- h
f(x) x=a f(x) x=a |h| -h
= lim = lim =-1
h Ú0- h h Ú0- h
x 0 3 f(x)=x+6 y=5 y'=0
1
y=4x-5 y'=4
x -3 -1
f(x)=;2!;x+;2#; ;2!; y=-3xÛ`+2x+1 y'=-6x+2
x 1 2 f(x)=2xÛ`-1 y=(x+1)(x+2) y'=2x+3
6
y=;4!;xÝ`+;3!;xÜ`+;2!;xÛ`+x y'=xÜ`+xÛ`+x+1
x=1 f(x)=x-1 1
y=(xÛ`+x)(x-1) y'=3xÛ`-1
x=-3 f(x)=-5x+1 -5
y=x(x+1)(x+2) y'=3xÛ`+6x+2
x=2 f(x)=;2!;xÛ`+x-2 3
y=(2x+1)ß` y'=12(2x+1)Þ`
f(x)=3x-2 (1 1)
3 y=(xÛ`+x+1)Ü` y'=3(xÛ`+x+1)Û`(2x+1)
f(x)=;2!;xÛ`+x-2 (0 -2)
f(x)=3x+1 x=3
f(x)=|x| x=0
f(x)=xÛ`+2x-1 1 a
8 a 5
[
xÛ`-1
f(x)=xÜ`+1 1 a 7 (x+1)
f(x)= x-1 x=1
a 2 1 (x=1)
_
f(x)=xÛ`-2x x 0 a
x=2
a ;2!;xÛ` (x¾1)
f(x)=[
4
x
ax+b (x<1)
f(-1) -;2#;
f(x)=xÜ`+xÛ`-2x x 0 k
10 k
f(x) x a b 3 ;2&; 4
Dy f(b)-f(a) f(a+Dx)-f(a)
= =
Dx b-a Dx ;2(; 5
f(x) x=a f(k)-f(0) (kÜ`+kÛ`-2k)-0
= =kÛ`+k-2
Dy f(a+Dx)-f(a) k-0 k-0
f '(a)=lim =lim
Dx Ú0 Dx Dx Ú0 Dx kÛ`+k-2=10 kÛ`+k-12=0
(k+4)(k-3)=0
f(x)-f(a)
=lim k=3 k>0)
x Úa x-a
f(x) x a b
f(b)-f(a)
b-a
y=f(x) f(x)=xÜ`+ax x 1 3
(a f(a)) (b f(b)) f '(a) a
f(x) x=a f '(a) 3aÛ` 13
y=f(x) (a f(a)) f(3)-f(1) (27+3a)-(1+a)
= =13+a
3-1 2
f(x)=xÜ`+ax f '(x)=3xÛ`+a
f '(a)=3aÛ`+a
13+a=3aÛ`+a 3aÛ`=13
f(x)=xÜ`+ax x 0 2
9 f '(3) a
32 f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`+5x x 0 a
f(2)-f(0) (8+2a)-0 8+2a
= = =4+a=9 a=5
f '(2) a
2-0 2-0 2
3
f(x)=xÜ`+5x
f '(x)=3xÛ`+5 f '(3)=3Ü`+5=32 x 0 a f '(2)
aÜ`-3aÛ`+5a
=5 aÜ`-3aÛ`+5a=5a
a
aÜ`-3aÛ`=0 aÛ`(a-3)=0 a=3 a>0
f(x)=x(x+1)(x-2) x -2 0
x 0 a f(x)=xÜ`-6xÛ`+5x x 0 4
a f '(a) 0<a<4
1 2 3 a
q
p+q
p 11
4 5
f(x)=x(x+1)(x-2) x -2 0 p q
f(4)-f(0) -12-0
f(0)-f(-2) 0-(-8) = =-3
= =4 y 4-0 4
0-(-2) 2
x 0 a 2'3
3aÛ`-12a+5=-3 3aÛ`-12a+8=0 a=2Ñ
f(a)-f(0) a(a+1)(a-2) 3
= =(a+1)(a-2) y a 0<a<4
a-0 a
= (a+1)(a-2)=4 a ;3*;
aÛ`-a-6=0 (a+2)(a-3)=0 a=3
p+q=3+8=11
x``Úà
f(x)-5
f(x) lim =9
f(x) x=a f '(a) x`Úa x Ú1 x-1
f(x)-f(a) g(x)=xf(x) g '(1) 14
f '(a)=lim
x Úa x-a g(x)=xf(x)
g'(x)=f(x)+xf '(x)
f(x)-b g'(1)=f(1)+1_f '(1)=5+9=14
f(x) lim x`Úa
x Úa x-a
`Ú0 `Ú0
lim{ f(x)-b}=f(a)-b=0 f(a)=b
x Úa
f(x)-b f(x)-f(a)
lim =lim =f '(a)
x Úa x-a x Úa x-a
f(x) g(x)
f(x)+g(x) f(x)+3
lim =3 lim =2
x Ú0 x x Ú0 xg(x)
f(x)-f(1)
f(x)=xÜ`+9x+2 lim h(x)=f(x)g(x) h'(0)
x Ú1 x-1
lim { f(x)+g(x)}=f(0)+g(0)=0 y
x Ú0
12
f(x)=xÜ`+9x+2 f '(x)=3xÛ`+9
27 30 33
lim
f(x)-f(1)
=f '(1)=3+9=12
36 39
x Ú1 x-1 f(x)+g(x)
lim =f '(0)+g '(0)=3 y
x Ú0 x
f(0)=-3 f(0)+g(0)=0 g(0)=3
f(x)+3 f(x)+3 1
lim =lim [ _ ]=;3!; f '(0)
x Ú0 xg(x) x Ú0 x g(x)
;3!; f '(0)=2 f '(0)=6 g'(0)=-3
h'(0)=f '(0)g(0)+f(0)g'(0)=27
f(x)-3
f(x)=xÛ`+2x lim
x Ú1 x-1
f(x)-3
1 2 3 f(x) lim =2
x Ú1 x-1
4 5
g(x)=xÜ`f(x) g '(1) 11
lim
f(x)-3 xÛ`+2x-3 (x+3)(x-1)
=lim =lim =4 g(x)=xÜ`f(x) x
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1
g '(x)=3xÛ`f(x)+xÜ`f '(x)
g '(1)=3f(1)+f '(1)=3_3+2=11
f(x) f(x)
f(x)=2xÛ`+ax+b lim =5 lim { f(x)-2}=0 f(1)-2=0
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1
f(x)-2 f(1)=2 y
f(2) a b lim =12
x Ú1 x-1
7 8 9 g(x)=(xÛ`+1)f(x) g '(1)
10 11 28
f(x)-2 f(x)-f(1)
lim f(x)=f(1)=2+a+b=0 y lim =lim =f '(1)=12 y
x Ú1 x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1
f(x) f(x)-f(1) g(x)=(xÛ`+1)f(x) g'(x)=2xf(x)+(xÛ`+1)f'(x)
lim =lim =f '(1)=5
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1
g'(1)=2_1_f(1)+(1Û`+1)_f'(1)=2_1_2+2_12 =28
f(x)=2xÛ`+ax+b
f '(x)=4x+a f '(1)=4+a=5 a=1
2+1+b=0 b=-3
f(x)=2xÛ`+x-3 f(2)=8+2-3=7
h``Ú`0
f(x)
x=1 1 a f(x) x=a f '(a) h`Ú`0
(1 f(1)) (a f(a)) aÛ`-1 f '(1) f(a+h)-f(a)

f '(a)=lim
h Ú0 h
f(a+h)-f(a)
f(x) lim f(x)
h Ú0 h
f '(x) x=a f '(a)
f(1+h)- f(1)
f(x)=xÛ`+3x+1 lim
h Ú0 h
'5 '6
1
2 2 5 7 9
'2 '3 11 13
f(x) x=1 f '(1) f(1+h)-f(1)
lim =f '(1)
h Ú0 h
f(a)-f(1)
f '(1)=lim =lim "ÃaÛ`+2a='3 f(x)=xÛ`+3x+1 f '(x)=2x+3 f '(1)=5
a Ú1 a-1 a Ú1
f(1+h)-f(1)
lim =5
h Ú0 h
f(2+h)-f(2)
f(x) lim =5
h Ú0 3h
f(x) g(x)
f '(2)
( f(x)-f(0)
(x+0)
g(x)={ x 9 12 15
9 f(0) (x=0) 18 21
f(2+h)-f(2) f(2+h)-f(2)
g(x) x=0 f(x) lim =;3!;_lim =;3~!;_f '(2)=5
h Ú0 3h h Ú0 h
f '(2)=3_5=15
f(x)=x
f(x)=xÜ`+5x+5
f(x)=(x+1)Ú`â`-9x
f(3+h)-f(3)
f(x)=xÛ`+5x+6 lim
h Ú0 h
f(x)=x f '(x)=1 f(0)=0 f '(0)+f(0)
11
g(x) x=0
f(3+h)-f(3)
lim =f '(3)
h Ú0 h
f(x)=xÛ`+5x+6 f '(x)=2x+5
=f '(3)=2_3+5=11
x``Úà
f(2+h)-f(2)
f(x)=xÜ`+9 lim
h Ú0 h f(x) x`Úà
f(px)-f(ap) f(px)-f(ap)
lim =lim _p=pf '(ap)
x Úa x-a x Úa px-ap
11 12 13 f(x-a)-f(0) f(t)-f(0)
lim =lim =f '(0)
14 15 x Úa x-a t Ú0 t
f(px)-f(qx)
f(x)=xÜ`+9 f '(x)=3xÛ` lim
x Ú0 x
f(2+h)-f(2)
lim =f '(2)=3_2Û`=12 f(px)-f(0) f(qx)-f(0)
h Ú0 h =lim[p_ -q_ ]
x Ú0 px qx
=(p-q)f '(0)
f( )-f( )
lim
Ú -
f '(a)
f(x) x
f(x+1)-f(1)=xÜ`+13xÛ`+26x
f '(1)
f(x)=3xÛ`+2x-1
26 30 34
f(x)-f(2x-1)
38 42 lim
x Ú1 x-1
f(1+h)-f(1) hÜ`+13hÛ`+26h
f '(1)=lim =lim
h Ú0 h h Ú0 h
=lim(hÛ`+13h+26)=26
-8 -4 0
h Ú0
4 8
f(x)-f(2x-1) f(x)-f(1)+f(1)-f(2x-1)
lim =lim
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1
f(x)-f(1) f(2x-1)-f(1)
=lim -2lim
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 (2x-1)-1
=f '(1)-2f '(1)=-f '(1)
f(x)=3xÛ`+2x-1 f '(x)=6x+2 jK`f '(1)=8
f(x)-f(2x-1)
f(1+h)-f(1) lim =-f '(1)=-8
f(x)=2xÛ`+ax lim =6 x Ú1 x-1
h Ú0 h
a
-4 -2 0
2 4
f(1+h)-f(1)
lim =f '(1)=6 f(x)=2xÛ`+ax
h Ú0 h
f '(x)=4x+a f(x) g(x)
f '(1)=4+a=6 a=2 f(x)-4 g(x)+1
lim =2 lim =8
x Ú2 xÛ`-4 x Ú2 x-2
h(x)=f(x)g(x) h '(2)
24
lim { f(x)-4}=0 f(2)=4
x Ú2
f(x)-4 f(x)-4
f(x) f(x+2)-f(2)=xÜ`+6xÛ`+14x lim =lim
x Ú2 xÛ`-4 x Ú2 (x+2)(x-2)
f '(2) 14 1 f(x)-4 1
=lim _lim = f '(2)=2
f(x+2)-f(2) xÜ`+6xÛ`+14x x Ú2 x+2 x Ú2 x-2 4
f '(2)=lim =lim
x Ú0 x x Ú0 x f '(2)=8
=lim (xÛ`+6x+14)=14 lim { g(x)+1}=0 g(2)=-1
x Ú0 x Ú2
g(x)+1 g(x)-(-1)
lim =lim
x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2 x-2
g(x)-g(2)
=lim =g '(2)=8
x Ú2 x-2
h '(x)=f '(x)g(x)+f(x)g '(x)
h '(2)=f '(2)g(2)+f(2)g '(2)=8_(-1)+4_8
=-8+32=24
h``Ú`0
f(x)-2 f '(1)
f(x) lim =3
x Ú1 xÛ`-1 f(1) f(x) h`Ú`0
f(a+ph)-f(a)
lim
h Ú0 h
3 ;2&; 4 =lim [p_
f(a+ph)-f(a)
]=pf '(a)
h Ú0 ph
f(a+ph)-f(a+qh)
;2(; 5 lim
h Ú0 h
f(a+ph)-f(a) f(a+qh)-f(a)
1
=lim [p_ ]
f(x)-2 f(x)-2
lim =lim[ _ ]=;2!; f '(1)=3 -q_
x Ú1 xÛ`-1 x Ú1 x+1 x-1 h Ú0 ph qh
f '(1)
=;2^;=3 =(p-q)f '(a)
f (1)
q
lim n[ f {a+ }-f(a)]=lim { f(a+qh)-f(a)}
1
n Ú¦ n h Ú0 h
f(a+qh)-f(a)
=lim [q_ ]
h Ú0 qh
f(x) lim
f(x+1)-8
=5 =qf '(a)
x Ú2 xÛ`-4
f(3)+f '(3) 28
lim
f(a+ )-f(a)
Ú0
f(x+1)-8 f(t)-f(3) f(t)-f(3)
lim =lim =;4!; lim
x Ú2 xÛ`-4 t Ú3 (t-3)(t+1) t Ú3 t-3 f '(a)
=;4!; f '(3)=5 f '(3)=20
f(3)+f '(3)=8+20=28
f(1+h)-f(1)
f(x)=(xÜ`-2xÛ`)(3x-a) f(x)=xÛ`+4x lim
h Ú0 2h
f(xÛ`)+xf(1)
lim =b
x Ú1 x-1
a+b a b 1 2 3
4 5
-3 -2 -1
f(1+h)-f(1) f(1+h)-f(1)
lim =;2!; lim =;2!; f '(1)
1 2 f(1)=0 a=3 h Ú0 2h h Ú0 h
f '(x)=12xÜ`-27xÛ`+12x f '(1)=12-27+12=-3 f(x)=xÛ`+4x f '(x)=2x+4 f '(1)=2_1+4=6
b=2f '(1)=2_(-3)=-6 ;2!; f '(1)=;2!;_6=3
a+b=3+(-6)=-3
f(x) g(x) h(x)
f(4+h)-f(4)
f(x) lim =7
h Ú0 3h
f(0)=0 f '(0)=0
f '(4)
x g(x)=g(-x) g'(0)=0
x |h(2x)-h(x)|ÉxÛ` 21 22 23
h'(0)=0 24 25
f(4+h)-f(4) 1 f(4+h)-f(4) 1
lim = _lim = f '(4)=7
h Ú0 3h 3 h Ú0 h 3
f '(4)=3_7=21
f(x)=x
g '(x)
x 0É|h(2x)-h(x)|ÉxÛ` h'(0)=0
f(1+2h)-f(1) f(3+h)-4
f(x)=xÛ`+8x lim f(x) lim =1
h Ú0 h h Ú0 2h
f(3)+f '(3)
16 17 18 6 7 8
19 20 9 10
f(x)=xÛ`+8x f '(x)=2x+8 f(3+h)-4
lim =1 lim { f(3+h)-4}=0
h Ú0 2h h Ú0
f(1+2h)-f(1) f(1+2h)-f(1)
lim =lim _2 f(3)-4=0 f(3)=4
h Ú0 h h Ú0 2h
f(3+h)-f(3) f(3+h)-f(3) f '(3)
=2f '(1)=2(2_1+8)=20 lim =1 ;2!;_lim = =1
h Ú0 2h h Ú0 h 2
f '(3)=2 f(3)+f '(3)=4+2=6
f(x)=2xÛ`-3x+5 x a a+1
f(1+3h)-f(1)
f(x)=xÜ`+4x-2 lim f(a+2h)-f(a)
h Ú0 h 7 lim
h Ú0 h
21
f(1+3h)-f(1) f(1+3h)-f(1)
a
lim =lim 3_ =3f '(1) y
h Ú0 h h Ú0 3h
f(x)=xÜ`+4x-2 f '(x)=3xÛ`+4
6 8 10
f '(1)=3_1Û`+4=7 12 14
3f '(1)=3_7=21 f(a+1)-f(a)
={2(a+1)Û`-3(a+1)+5}-(2aÛ`-3a+5)=4a-1
(a+1)-a
4a-1=7 a=2
f(a+2h)-f(a)
lim =2f '(a) y
h Ú0 h
f '(x)=4x-3 f '(a)=f '(2)=4_2-3=5
f(x)=xÛ`+4x-2 2f '(a)=2f '(2)=2_5=10
f(1+2h)-3
lim
h Ú0 h
f(x)=xÛ`+ax
12 14 16 f(1+h)-f(1)
lim =6 a
18 20 h Ú0 2h
f(x)=xÛ`+4x-2 f(1)=1+4-2=3
10 11 12
f(1+2h)-3
lim =2f '(1) y
h Ú0 h 13 14
f(x)=xÛ`+4x-2 f '(x)=2x+4 f '(1)=2+4=6 f(1+h)-f(1) f(1+h)-f(1)
lim =;2!;lim =;2!; f'(1)=6
2f '(1)=2_6=12 h Ú0 2h h Ú0 h
f '(1)=12
f(x)=xÛ`+ax f'(x)=(xÛ`+ax)'=2x+a
f'(1)=2+a=12 a=10
f(x)-f(2)
f(x) lim =3
x Ú2 x-2
f(2+h)-f(2-h) f(x)=xÛ`-6x+5
lim
h Ú0 h f(a+h)-f(a-h)
lim =8 a
h Ú0 h
0 2 4
5 6 7
6 8
f(x)-f(2) 8 9
lim =f '(2)
x Ú2 x-2 f(x)=xÛ`-6x+5 f '(x)=2x-6
f '(2)=3
f(2+h)-f(2-h) f '(a)=2a-6=4 a=5
lim =f'(2)+f '(2)=2f '(2)=2_3=6
h Ú0 h
f(x) f(x) g(x)
y=f(x)g(x)
( ) x f(x)=-f(-x)
f(x)+5 y=f(x)g(x)
( ) lim =4
x Ú1 x-1
f(x+h)g(x+h)-f(x)g(x)
y'=lim
h Ú0 h g(x+h)
f(1)+f '(-1) f(x+h)g(x+h)-f(x) +f(x) -f(x)g(x)
=lim
-5 -4 -3 h Ú0 f(x+h) h
{ -f(x)} +f(x){ -g(x)}
-2 -1 =lim
h Ú0 h
lim { f(x)+5}=0 f(1)+5=0 f(1)=-5
x Ú1 { -f(x)}
f(-1+h)-f(-1) f(1-h)-f(1) =lim
f'(-1)= lim =lim =f'(1)=4 h Ú0 h
h Ú0 h h Ú0 -h
f(1)+f'(-1)=-5+4=-1
{ -g(x)}
+lim f(x)
h Ú0 h
=f '(x)g(x)+f(x)g '(x)
f(x) g(x+h) g(x+h) f(x+h)

f(x) f '(x) f(x) g(x) g(x) f(x+h)
f(x+Dx)-f(x) f(h)-f(x) f(x+h) g(x+h)
f '(x)= lim =lim
Dx Ú0 Dx h Úx h-x
f(x) f '(x)
f(x+Dx)-f(x)
f'(x)= lim h=x+Dx
Dx Ú0 Dx
Dx Ú 0 h Úx
f(x+Dx)-f(x) f(h)-f(x) n y=xn
f'(x)= lim = lim
Dx Ú0 Dx h Úx h-x
y=xn
hn-xn
y'=lim
h Úx h-x h-x
x f(x)
( )(hn-1+hn-2x+y+hxn-2+xn-1)
f(2x+h)-f(2x) =lim
lim =3x+1 h Úx h-x
h Ú0 h
f(1-2h)-f(1+h) =lim(hn-1+hn-2x+y+hxn-2+xn-1)
h Úx
lim
h Ú0 2h =xn-1+xn-1+y+xn-1+xn-1
=nxn-1
-;4(; -;;Á4Á;; -;;Á4£;;
-;;Á4°;; -;;Á4¦;;
f(2x+h)-f(2x)
lim =3x+1 f '(2x)=3x+1 y
h Ú0 h
hn-xn h+x h-x hn+xn
=-;2#; f '(1) y
f(1-2h)-f(1+h)
lim
h Ú0 2h hn+xn h-x h+x hn-xn
x=;2!; f '(1)=;2#;+1=;2%; hn-xn h-x
-;2#; f '(1)=-;2#;_;2%;=-;;Á4°;;
f(x) x y
f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+2xy-1
f(x)-f '(x)
lim =14 f '(0)
Ú x y f(0) x Ú1 xÛ`-1
f(h)-f(0) 28
Û lim =f '(0) f '(x) f(x)-f '(x)
h Ú0 h lim =14 f(1)=f '(1) f '(0)=f '(1)-2=f(1)-2
x Ú1 xÛ`-1
f(x)- f '(x)
f(x) x y lim =;2!; f '(1)-1=14 f '(1)=30 f '(0)=f '(1)-2=28
x Ú1 xÛ`-1
f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+xy y x=0
y=0 f(0)=f(0)+f(0)+0 f(0)=0
f(x+h)-f(x)
f '(x)=lim f(x+h)=f(x)+f(h)+xh
h Ú0 h
f '(x) f(x)
x=a f '(a)
f(x)-f(a) f(a+h)-f(a)
f '(a)=lim =lim
x Úa x-a h Ú0 h
f(x) f '(x) x=a f '(a)
f(x) x y f(x)-f(a) f(a+h)-f(a)

lim lim
x Úa x-a h Ú0 h
f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)-2xy f( )-f( ) f(a+ )-f(a)
lim lim
f(2h)-f(0) Ú - Ú0
lim =4 f '(x)
h Ú0 h
f '(x)=-x+1 f '(x)=-x+2
f '(x)=-x+3 f '(x)=-2x+1
f '(x)=-2x+2
f(x+h)-f(x) f(x)+f(h)-2xh-f(x) f(x)-f(1)
f '(x)=lim =lim f(x) lim =-1
h Ú0 h h Ú0 h
f(0+h)-f(0)
x Ú1 xÛ`-1
=lim -2x
h Ú0 h f(1-2h)-f(1+5h)
lim 14
=f '(0)-2x=-2x+2 h Ú0 h
f(x)-f(1) f(x)-f(1)
lim =lim =;2!; f'(1)=-1
x Ú1 xÛ`-1 x Ú1 (x-1)(x+1)
f'(1)=-2
f(1-2h)-f(1+5h)
1 f(x) x lim =-7 f'(1)=(-7)_(-2)=14
h Ú0 h
2f(x)=(x+1)f '(x)
f(3) 16
f(x) g(x)
f(x)=xÛ`+ax+b f '(x)=2x+a
2f(x)=(x+1)f '(x) 2(xÛ`+ax+b)=(x+1)(2x+a)
2xÛ`+2ax+2b=2xÛ`+(a+2)x+a f(x)-g(x) lim{ f(x)-g(x)}=0
lim =5 x Ú1
a=2 b=1 x Ú1 x-1
f(x)=xÛ`+2x+1 f(3)=9+6+1=16 f(1)=g(1)
f(x)+g(x)-2f(1)
lim =7
x Ú1 x-1
f(x) x y f(x)-a
a b lim =b_g(1) ab
f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)-2xy+1 x Ú1 x-1
f(x)-g(x) f(x)-f(1) g(x)-g(1)
f '(x)-f(x) lim =lim - lim =5
lim =-4 f '(1) x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1
x Ú1 x-1
4 5 6
2
f '(1)-g '(1)=5 y
2+f(1)-2x-f(x) 2(1-x) f(x)-f(1) 7 8
lim =lim -lim f(x)+g(x)-2f(1) f(x)-f(1) g(x)-g(1)
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1 lim =lim +lim =7
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1
=-2-f '(1)=-4
f '(1)+g '(1)=7 y
f '(1)=2
f '(1)=6 g '(1)=1
lim { f(x)-a}=0 a=f(1)
x Ú1
f(x)-f(1)
lim =f '(1)=b_g(1)
x Ú1 x-1
f '(1)=b_f(1)=ab ab=6
f(x) g(x) f(x)
f(1)=2 f '(1)=3 g(1)=5 g '(1)=2
}g{1+ }-f(1)g(1)]
1 3
lim n[ f{1+
n Ú¦ n n
f(1+h)-f(1)
27 lim =0 lim f(x)=f(1)
h Ú0 h x Ú1
}g{1+ }-f(1)g(1)]
1 3
lim n[ f{1+ f(1+h)-f(1)
n Ú¦ n n lim =0
f(1+h)g(1+3h)-f(1)g(1) h Ú0 h
= lim
h Ú0+ h f(1+h)-f(1-h)
=g(1)f '(1)+3f(1)g '(1) lim =0
h Ú0 2h
=5_3+3_2_2=27
f(1+h)-f(1-h)
f(x)=|x-1| lim =0
h Ú0 2h
f(1+h)-f(1)
lim =0 lim { f(1+h)-f(1)}=0
h Ú0 h h Ú0
y=f(x) y lim f(x)=f(1)

x Ú1
f(xÛ`)-f(4)
f '(2)=-3 f '(4)=6 lim
x Ú-2 f(x)-f(-2)
-8 -4 4
8 12
f(xÛ`)-f(4)
lim =f '(4)
x Ú-2 xÛ`-4
y=f(x) y y=f '(x)
f '(-x)=-f '(x)
f '(2)=-3 f '(-2)=-f '(2)=3
Ú f(x)
f(xÛ`)-f(4)
lim (x-2)= 6_(-4) =-8
f '(4)
lim =
x Ú-2 f(x)-f(-2) f '(-2) x Ú-2 3 Û
x¡`+4x+3
lim f(x)=x¡`+4x
x Ú-1 x+1
x¡`+4x+3 f(x)-f(-1)
lim = lim =f '(-1)
x Ú-1 x+1 x Ú-1 x-(-1)
f'(x)=8xà`+4 f '(-1)=8_(-1)à`+4=-4
f(x) g(x) g '(0)

24
f(0)=1 f '(0)=-6 g(0)=4 xÜ`-4xÛ`+8

lim
f(x)g(x)-4 x Ú2 xÛ`-4
lim =0
x Ú0 x
-2 -1 1
f(x)g(x)-4 f(x)g(x)-f(0)g(0)
lim
x Ú0 x
=lim
x Ú0 x
2 3
=f '(0)g(0)+f(0)g '(0) f(x)=xÜ`-4xÛ`
f(x)-f(2) f(x)-f(2) 1
=lim[ ]
=-6_4+1_g '(0)=0 xÜ`-4xÛ`+8
lim =lim _
x Ú2 xÛ`-4 x Ú2 (x-2)(x+2) x Ú2 x-2 x+2
g'(0)=24
=;4!; f '(2)=;4!;_(3_2Û`-8_2)=-1
xn-3x-4 f(x)=xÝ`+3x-2 f '(2)
lim =-7 n
x Ú-1 x+1
35 37 39
n¾2
41 43
3 4 5 f '(x)=4xÜ`+3
6 7 f '(2)=4_2Ü`+3=35
f(x)=xn-3x
xn-3x-4 f(x)-f(-1)
lim = lim =f '(-1)=-7
x Ú-1 x+1 x Ú-1 x-(-1)
f(x)=xn-3x f '(x)=nxn-1-3
x=-1 f '(-1)=n(-1)n-1-3=-7
-n-3=-7 n=4
f(x)=xÛ`+7x+6 f '(2)
xn-3xÜ`-40 11 12 13
lim n
x Ú-2 xÛ`-4
14 15
17 16 15 f(x)=xÛ`+7x+6 f '(x)=2x+7
f '(2)=2_2+7=11
14 13
f(x)=xÝ`-3xÜ`
f(x)-f(-2)
=-;4!; f '(-2) y
xÝ`-3xÜ`-40
lim = lim
x Ú-2 xÛ`-4 x Ú-2 (x+2)(x-2)
f '(x)=4xÜ`-9xÛ` f '(-2)=4_(-2)Ü`-9_(-2)Û`=-68
-;4!; f '(-2)=-;4!;_(-68)=17
f(x)=xÜ`+xÛ`-x+3 f '(1)
4
f(x)=xÜ`+xÛ`-x+3
f '(x)=3xÛ`+2x-1
f '(1)=3+2-1=4
y=xn n
y=x y'=1
n
y=x n¾2 y'=nxn-1
y=c c y'=0
f(x)=xÝ`-3xÛ`+8 f '(2)
f(x) g(x)
20
y=cf(x) c y'=cf '(x)
f(x)=xÝ`-3xÛ`+8
y=f(x)+g(x) y'=f '(x)+g'(x) f '(x)=4xÜ`-6x
y=f(x)-g(x) y'=f '(x)-g'(x) f '(2)=4_2Ü`-6_2=20
f(x) x=a f '(a) f '(x) x=a

f '(a) f '(x) x=a
f(x)=xÝ` f '(1)
1 2 3
4 5
f(x)=2xÜ`+x+1 f '(1)
f '(x)=4xÜ`
f '(x)=6xÛ`+1 7
f '(1)=4_1Ü`=4
f '(1)=6_1Û`+1=7
f(x)=xÜ`+2xÛ` f '(1) f(x)=xÜ`+3xÛ`+3 f '(2)
24
6 7 8
f(x)=xÜ`+3xÛ`+3 f '(x)=3xÛ`+6x
9 10 f '(2)=3_2Û`+6_2=24
f(x)=xÜ`+2xÛ` f '(x)=3xÛ`+4x
f '(1)=3+4=7
f(x)=xÜ`-2x-2 f '(3)
f(x)=xÜ`+5xÛ`+1 f '(1) 25
13 f(x)=xÜ`-2x-2 f '(x)=3xÛ`-2
f '(3)=3_3Û`-2=25
f(x)=xÜ`+5xÛ`+1 f '(x)=3xÛ`+10x
f '(1)=3+10=13
f(x)=xÜ`+7x+3 f '(1)
f(x)=xÜ`+3x+1 f '(1)
4 6 8
2 4 6 10 12
8 10 f(x)=xÜ`+7x+3 f '(x)=3xÛ`+7
f '(x)=3xÛ`+3 f '(1)=3_1+7=10
f '(1)=3_1Û`+3=6
f(x)=xÛ`-2x-12 f '(5)
f(x)=3xÛ`-2x f '(1)
4 8
f(x)=3xÛ`-2x f '(x)=6x-2
f(x)=xÛ`-2x-12 x f '(x)=2x-2
f '(1)=6-2=4
f '(5)=2_5-2=8
f(x)=5x5+3x3+x f '(1)
35 f(x)=xÜ`+10x f '(0)
f(x)=xÜ`+10x f '(x)=3xÛ`+10 10
f(x)=5x5+3x3+x x
f '(0)=3_0Û`+10=10
f '(x)=25x4+9x2+1
f '(1)=25_14+9_12+1=35
f(x)=7xÜ`-ax+3 f '(1)=2 f(x)=(xÜ`+5)(xÛ`-1) f '(1)
a 19 12
f(x)=7xÜ`-ax+3 f '(x)=3xÛ`_(xÛ`-1)+(xÜ`+5)_2x
f '(x)=21xÛ`-a f '(1)=21-a=2 f '(1)=3_0+6_2=12
a=19
f(x) f(1)=2 f '(1)=4

g(x)=(x+1)f(x) x=1
1 f(x) t 10
y=f(x) x x g(x)=(x+1)f(x) x
g'(x)=f(x)+(x+1)f '(x)
-2t 0 t f '(4) 56
x=1 g'(1)
`y=f(x) `x `x -2t 0 t g'(1)=f(1)+2f '(1)=2+2_4=10
`f(-2t)=f(0)=f(t)=0
`f(x) 1
f(x)=(x+2t)x(x-t)=xÜÜ`+txÛ`-2tÛ`x
f '(x)=3xÛ`+2tx-2tÛ` f '(4)=48+8t-2tÛ`=-2(t-2)Û`+56
t f '(4) t=2 56
f(x)=(x-2)(xÜ`-4x+a) f '(1)=6
a
4 5 6
7 8
f(x)= Á
xn
f '{;2!;}=;pQ;
10 f(x)=(x-2)(xÜ`-4x+a)
n=1 n f '(x)=(xÜ`-4x+a)+(x-2)(3xÛ`-4)
q-p p q f '(1)=(a-3)+1=6
a=8
508 509 510
511 512
1 1 1
f '{;2!;}=1+;2!;+ + +y+ =;;Á5¼1ª2£;;=;pQ;
2Û` 2Ü` 2á`
q-p=1023-512=511 f(x)=(xÛ`+1)(xÛ`+x-2) f '(2)
41
f(x)=(xÛ`+1)(xÛ`+x-2)
f '(x)=2x(xÛ`+x-2)+(xÛ`+1)(2x+1)
f '(2)=4(4+2-2)+(4+1)(4+1)=16+25=41
y=f(x)g(x)
f(x) g(x) h(x) f(x)=(3xÛ`-2)(x+1) f '(1)

y=f(x)g(x)
y'=f '(x)g(x)+f(x)g'(x)
11 13 15
y=f(x)g(x)h(x) 17 19
f(x)=(3xÛ`-2)(x+1)
y'=f '(x)g(x)h(x)+f(x)g'(x)h(x)+f(x)g(x)h'(x)
f '(x)=6x(x+1)+(3xÛ`-2)_1=9xÛ`+6x-2
f '(1)=9_1Û`+6_1-2=13
y={ f(x)}Ç`
f(x) g(x)
g(x)=(xÛ`+3)f(x) n f(x)
y={ f(x)}n y'=n{ f(x)}n-1f '(x)
f(1)=2 f '(1)=1 g '(1)
y=(ax+b)n
6 7 8 y'=n(ax+b)n-1(ax+b)'=n(ax+b)n-1_a
9 10 n a b
g '(x)=2xf(x)+(xÛ`+3)f '(x) x=1
f(1)=2 f '(1)=1 f(x) { f(x)}n=f(x)f(x)yf(x)
g '(1)=2f(1)+4f '(1)=2_2+4_1=8
(
Ò
9
n
[{ f(x)}n]'=f '(x)f(x)f(x)y`f(x)+f(x)f '(x)f(x)y`f(x)

]n
+y+f(x)f(x)y`f(x)f '(x)
=n f(x)f(x)y`f(x)f '(x)=n{ f(x)}n-1 f '(x)
(
Ò
9
(n-1)
f(x)=(xÛ`+2)(3xÛ`-1)(2x+k) f '(1)=78 n
y={ f(x)} n y'=n{ f(x)}n-1f '(x)
k
1 2 3
4 5
f '(x)=30xÝ`+12kxÜ`+30xÛ`+10kx-4 f(x)=(2xÜ`+1)(x-1)Û` f '(-1)
f '(1)=30_1Ý`+12k_1Ü`+30_1Û`+10k_1-4=56+22k
28
56+22k=78 22k=22 k=1
f(x)=(2xÜ`+1)(x-1)Û`
f '(x)=6xÛ`(x-1)Û`+2(2xÜ`+1)(x-1)
f '(-1)=6_4+2_(-1)_(-2)=24+4=28
f(x)=(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)y(x-10)
f(x)=(2xÜ`+x)Û`(2x+1) f '(1)
f '(1)
144
f '(4)
f(x)=(2xÜ`+x)Û`(2x+1)
-80 -84 -88 f'(x)=2(2xÜ`+x)(6xÛ`+1)(2x+1)+(2xÜ`+x)Û`_2
f'(1)=2_(2+1)_(6+1)_(2+1)+(2+1)Û`_2
-92 -96
f(x)=(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)y(x-10) =126+18=144
f '(x)=(x-2)(x-3)y(x-10)+(x-1)(x-3)y(x-10)
+y+(x-1)(x-2)y(x-9)
f '(1)=(1-2)(1-3)y(1-10)=(-1)(-2)y(-9) f(x)=-(2xÛ`+k)Ü` f '(-1)=12
f '(4)=(4-1)(4-2)(4-3)(4-5)y(4-10)
=3_2_1_(-1)(-2)y(-6) k
f '(1) 9_8_7
=- 6 =-84
f '(4) 1 2 3
4 5
f(x) g(x) f '(x)=-3(2xÛ`+k)Û`_4x=-12x(2xÛ`+k)Û` y
f '(-1)=12 f '(-1)=12_(2+k)Û`
f(x)-a+2 g(x)+a-2
lim =4 lim =a 12_(2+k)Û`=12 (2+k)Û`=1 k=-1 k=-3
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1
k (-1)_(-3)=3
f(x)g(x) x=1
-1 a
f(x)=x|x|+|x-1|Ü` f '(0)+f '(1)
1 2 3
4 5
f(x)g(x) x=1
-3 -1 1
f '(1)g(1)+f(1)g '(1)=4_(-a+2)+(a-2)_a 3 5
=aÛ`-6a+8=-1 -xÛ` (x<0) -2x (x<0)
g(x)=[ jK g'(x)=[ jK g'(0)=0 g'(1)=2
aÛ`-6a+9=0 (a-3)Û`=0 xÛ` (x¾0) 2x (x>æ0)
a=3 -(x-1)Ü` (x<1) -3(x-1)Û` (x<1)
h(x)=[ jK h'(x)=[
(x-1)Ü` (x¾æ1) 3(x-1)Û` (x>æ1)
jK h'(0)=-3 h'(1)=0
f '(0)+f '(1)=(-3)+2=-1
f(x)=;2!; xÛ`
g(x)
g(x)=à
g(x) h(x) f(x) ( f(x)Éx)
g(x) (x¾a) x ( f(x)>x)
f(x)=[ x=a f(x)
h(x) (x<a)
g(x) (x¾a)
x=a f(x)=[ x=a
h(x) (x<a)
f(x) x=a
g(1)=;2!;
x g(x)Éx
g(x) h(x) g(x)
g(x) (x¾a) 2
f(x)=[ x=a
h(x) (x<a)
Ú f(x) x=a lim h(x)=g(a)

x Úa-
Û f(x) x=a f(x)=;2!; xÛ` f(1)=;2!;É1

g(x)-g(a) h(x)-h(a)
lim
x Úa+ x-a
= lim
x Úa- x-a g(1)=f(1)=;2!;
f(x) ( f(x)Éx)
g(x)=[
y=f(x) f(x) x=a x ( f(x)>x)
f(x)Éx g(x)=f(x)Éx
y=f(x) x=a f(x) f(x)>x g(x)=x
x=a x g(x)Éx
y=f(x) x=a f(x)

x=a
y=f(x)
f(x)
( ;2!;(xÜ`-3x) (xÉ-1 x¾æ0)
f(x)={
9 ;2!;(xÜ`-3x)-1 (-1<x<0)
f '(x)
lim f(x)f(-x)=0
x Ú1
lim f( f '(x)) y=f(x)f(-x) x=-1
x Ú-1+
= lim f(t)
t Ú0- y=f(x)f(-x) x=0
=-1
x (-1<xÉ0) x+1 (-1<x<0)

f(x)=[ f(-x)=[
f(x) x=0 -x+1 (0<x<1) -x (0Éx<1)
[
xÛ`+x(-1<x<0)
lim f '(x)=-;2#; lim f( f '(x))=0 f(x)f(-x)= 0 (x=0)
x Ú0 x Ú-1+
xÛ`-x(0<x<1)
f(x) f(-x) -f(0) f(0) xÛ`+x
lim = lim = lim (x+1)=1
x Ú0- x x Ú0- x x Ú0-
f(x) f(-x) -f(0) f(0) xÛ`-x

lim = lim = lim (x-1)=-1
x Ú0+ x x Ú0+ x x Ú0+
y=f(x)f(-x) x=0
f(x)
( 1-x (x<0) Ú
\ ÛÚ
f(x)={ xÛ`-1 (0Éx<1)
\
;3@;(xÜ`-1) (xæ¾1)
9
f(x) x=a
f(x) x=a
f(x) x=a
f(x) x=1
|f(x)| x=0
k
x f(x) x=0
k 2
f(x)
f(x)=à
xÛ` (x<0)
x (x¾0)
=2 =2 A(-1 3) B(1 3) C(1 5)
=-1 =0 x P(x f(x)) ABC
lim hk-1(1-h)= lim hk-1(hÛ`-1) kæ¾2
h Ú0- h Ú0+ Q PQÓ Û` g(x)
g(x)
g(0)=26
[0 3] g(x) 10
[0 5] f(x)
g(x) x=a a
g(x)
2
g(x)
x=2
f(x)
(g ç f (x) x=1
f(x)g(x) x=4
( xÝ`-5xÛ`-2x+10 (xÉ-2)
M xÝ`-9xÛ`-2x+26 (-2Éx<0)
g(x)={
M 2xÛ`-12x+26 (0ÉxÉ2)
g(x) g(2) 9 2xÛ`-4x+10 (x¾2)
h(x)= h(2)= =;2);=0
f(x) f(2) 0ÉxÉ2 y=2xÛ`-12x+26=2(x-3)Û`+8 x=2
g(x)
lim h(x)=lim =;1);=0 lim h(x)=h(2) 10 2ÉxÉ3 y=2xÛ`-4x+10=2(x-1)Û`+8
x Ú2 x Ú2
f(x) x Ú2
x=2 10 [0 3] g(x)
h(x) x=2
10
g(x) a -2 0 2
=-2+0+2=0
f(x)
x+1 (x<1) g(x) h(x)
f(x)=[ g(x) (x¾a)
-2x+4 (x¾1) f(x)=[ x=a
h(x) (x<a)
A(-1 -1) B(1 2)
Ú f(x) x=a lim h(x)=g(a)
x (x f(x)) A x Úa-
Û x=a
B g(x) g(x)-g(a) h(x)-h(a)
lim = lim
g(x) x=a a p x Úa+ x-a x Úa- x-a
80p 186
x
f(x)=à
g(x) xÜ`-ax+2b (x<1)
x=-;1£0; x=;;ª8Á;; 80p=80{-;1£0;+;;ª8Á;;}=186 -3x+b (x¾1)
a_b
a b
k 3 6 9
( x+1 (x<0)
lim f(x)=1 f(0)=-1 12 15
x Ú0-
M x-1 (0Éx<1) lim f(x)+f(0) f(x) x=1

f(x)={
x Ú0-
1-a+2b=-3+b b=a-4 y
M 0 (1ÉxÉ3) k+-3
f(x) x=1
9 -x+4 (x>3)
g(x) x=0
3-a=-3 a=6
g(x) g(x)=| f(x-k)| b=a-4=6-4=2
a_b=6_2=12
f(x)=à
xÜ`-axÛ`+bx (xÉ1)
2x+b (x>1)
a_b
k=-3 lim g(x)=g(0)
x Ú0- a b
f(x)+g(x) x=0
-3 -1 1
k
3 5
f(x)g(x) x=0 3xÛ`+2x+b (x<1)
f'(x)=[ a=-1
k -5 2 (x>1)
x=1
lim f '(x)= lim f '(x) 5+b=2 b=-3

x Ú1- x Ú1+
a_b=(-1)_(-3)=3
lim { f(x)+g(x)}+f(0)+g(0) y
x Ú0-
k=-3 lim g(x)=g(0)

x Ú0-
lim { f(x)+g(x)}+f(0)+g(0) y
x Ú0-
k
f(x)+g(x) x=0
f(x)=|x+3| g(x)=2x+a
f(x)=à
xÜ`+axÛ`+b (x<2) f(x)g(x)
4xÛ` (x¾2) a
f(1)
2 4 6
a b
8 10
4 5 6 lim
f(x)g(x)-f(-3)g(-3)
= lim
-(x+3)(2x+a)-0
=6-a
x Ú-3- x+3 x Ú-3- x+3
7 8 f(x)g(x)-f(-3)g(-3) (x+3)(2x+a)-0
lim = lim =-6+a
xÜ`+xÛ`+4 (x<2) x Ú-3+ x+3 x Ú-3+ x+3
f(x)=[ f(1)=1Ü`+1Û`+4=6 6-a=-6+a 2a=12 a=6
4xÛ` (x¾2)
axÛ`+1 (x<1)
f(x)=[ x=1
xÝ`+a (x¾1)
a 2
f(x)-f(1) axÛ`+1-(1+a)
lim =xlim =2a
x Ú1- x-1 Ú1- x-1
2xÛ`+ax (x<2) f(x)-f(1) xÝ`+a-(1+a)
f(x)=[
lim =xlim =4
x Ú1+ x-1 Ú1+ x-1
4x+b (x¾2) lim
f(x)-f(1) f(x)-f(1)
x Ú1- x-1 =xlim
Ú1+ x-1
ab 2a=4 a=2
a b
24 26 28
30 32
x=2 f(2)= lim `f(x)= lim `f(x)
-x+1 (x<0)
x Ú2- x Ú2+ f(x)=[
b+8=2a+8 b=2a y a(x-1)Û`+b (xæ¾0)
x=2 f(1) a b
lim `f '(x)= lim `f '(x) lim (4x+a)= lim `4 8+a=4
x Ú2- x Ú2+ x Ú2- x Ú2+
a=-4 ;4!; ;2!; 1

b=-8 ab=32
;2#; 2
(x<0)
f(x)=[
-x+1
;2!;(x-1)Û`+;2!; (x¾æ0)
f(1)=;2!;(1-1)Û`+;2!;=;2!;
xÛ`+ax+b (xÉ-2)
f(x)=[
2x (x>-2)
a+b
a b
[ -;2!;(x-a)Û`+b
xÛ` (xÉ3)
6 7 8
f(x)=
9 10 (x>3)
x=-2 x=-2
lim `f(x)= lim `f(x)=f(-2) a+b 36
x Ú-2- x Ú-2+
lim (xÛ`+ax+b)= lim 2x=f(-2) lim xÛ`= lim [-;2!;(x-a)Û`+b]=3Û` jK (3-a)Û`-2b=-18

x Ú-2- x Ú3- x Ú3+
x Ú-2+
2a-b=8 jK b=2a-8 y lim f '(x)= lim f '(x) jK -3+a=6 a=9 y

x Ú3+ x Ú3-
6Û`-2b=-18 jK b=27
f(x)-f(-2)
lim f(x)-f(-2) =a-4 lim =2
x Ú-2- x-(-2) x Ú-2+ x-(-2)
a+b=9+27=36
a-4=2 a=6 b=4 a+b=6+4=10
+ +
`f(a)=0 f '(a)=0 f(x) f(x)

(x-a)Û`
f(x) y=f(x)
(a b) m f(x) f(a)=f(b)=f(c)
f(a)=b f '(a)=m f(a)=f(b)=f(c)=k k a b c
f(x)-k=0
y=f(x) (a f(a))
f(x) x=a f '(a)
f(x)-b
y=f(x) (a b) f(a)=b f(x) lim =c c
x Úa x-a
f(a)=b f '(a)=c
f(x)=xÜ`-ax+1 y=f(x)
f(x) n f '(x) (n-1)
(-1 b) 2 ab n m (n+m)
a b
-2 -1 0
1 2
f(x)=xÜ`-ax+1 f '(x)=3xÛ`-a
f(3)=2 f '(3)=1 f(x)
f '(-1)=3_(-1)Û`-a=2 3-a=2
a=1 jK f(x)=xÜ`-x+1 1 g(x)
(-1 b) y=f(x) f(x)-g(x)
lim =1
f(-1)=b b=(-1)Ü`-(-1)+1=1 ab=1 x Ú3 x-3
g(1)
1 f(x) g(x) 3 4 5
g(x)=(xÛ`-x+2)f(x) y=g(x) 6 7
g(x)=xÛ`+ax+b a b g '(x)=2x+a
(3 16) 26 f(1)
g(3)=9+3a+b=2 3a+b=-7
-4 -2 0 g '(3)=6+a=0 a=-6
a=-6
2 4
-18+b=-7 b=11
f(x)=xÛ`-4x+5 f(1)=1Û`-4_1+5=2 g(x)=xÛ`-6x+11
g(1)=1-6+11=6
1 f(1)=0 f(x)
f(x)
lim =;4!;
f(x)=xÜ`+3xÛ`-3x-1 y=f(x) x Ú2 (x-2){ f '(x)}Û`
P(a f(a)) Q(a+k f(a+k)) f(3)

6 a k ak
4 6 8
k>0)
10 12
-8 -9 -10 f(1)=0 f(2)=0 f(x)=(x-1)(x-2)(x-a) a
-11 -12 f '(x)=(x-2)(x-a)+(x-1)(x-a)+(x-1)(x-2)
f(x) (x-1)(x-2)(x-a) (2-1)_(2-a) 1
k>0 a<a+k a=-3 a+k=1 lim =lim = =
x Ú2 (x-2){ f '(x)}Û` x Ú2 (x-2){ f '(x)}Û` { f '(2)}Û` 2-a
a=-3 k=4 ak=-12
1
=;4!; a=-2 f(x)=(x-1)(x-2)(x+2)
2-a
f(3)=2_1_5=10
f(x)=k(x-1)(x-2)(x+m) (k m k+0)
f(x)
lim 1 f '(2)=0
x Ú2 (x-2)f '(x)
f(x) f(x)
f(x) f(x)
lim =lim =1 lim k(x-1)(x+m)=0
x Ú0 x x Ú1 x-1 f(x) x Ú2
lim =3
f(2) x Ú1 x-1 k(2+m)=0 m=-2 k+0)
f(x)
4 6 8 1 a lim =a
x Ú2 (x-2)f '(x)
10 12
f(x) f(x)-f(0)
lim =lim =f '(0)=1
x Ú0 x x Ú0 x-0
lim
f(x)
=lim
f(x)-f(1)
=f '(1)=1
a_f(4) 4 18
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1
f(x)=k(x-1)(x-2)Û`
f(x)=x(x-1)(ax+b) a b a+0
f '(x)=k(x-2)Û`+2k(x-1)(x-2)
f '(0)=-b=1 b=-1
f(x)
=;2!;
x-1
f '(1)=a+b=1 a+(-1)=1 a=2 a=lim =lim
x Ú2 (x-2)f '(x) x Ú2 (x-2)+2(x-1)
f(x)=x(x-1)(2x-1) f(2)=2_1_3=6 f '(1)=k(1-2)Û`=k k=3
f(x)=3(x-1)(x-2)Û`
a_f(4)=;2!;_(3_3_2Û`)=18
1 f(x)
1 f(x)
f(x)=9
( 1 (x+4)
g(x)=Ò x-4
9 2 (x=4)
f(0)=1 f '(2)=-2 f(3) h(x)=f(x)g(x) h(x)
6 7 8 h'(4)=6 f(0)
9 10 32
f(x)=(x-a)(x-ar)(x-arÛ`)+9 f(x)=(x-4)(xÛ`-2x-8)
=xÜ`-a(1+r+rÛ`)xÛ`+aÛ`r(1+r+rÛ`)x-(ar)Ü`+9 f(0)=-4_(-8)=32
=xÜ`-7xÛ`+14x+1
f(3)=27-63+42+1=7
f(1)=-2 f(x) g(x) 1 f(x)

f(3)
f(x)g(x)+4
lim =8 f(0)=-3
x Ú1 x-1
x 6x-6Éf(x)É2xÜ`-2
g(0)=g'(0)
f '(1)
36 38 40
5 6 7
42 44
8 9 x=1 0Éf(1)É0 f(1)=0 y`
f(1)g(1)=-4
f(x) x
-2g(1)=-4 g(1)=2
f(x)-f(1)
g(x)=ax+b a b a+0) lim =f '(1)=6 y`
x Ú1 x-1
g(0)=b g '(0)=a b=a f(x) f(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`+bx-3
a+a=2 a=1 f '(x)=3xÛ`+2ax+b
b=1 f '(1)g(1)+f(1)g '(1)=8 f(1)=1+a+b-3=0 f '(1)=3+2a+b=6
2f '(1)+(-2)_1=8 f '(1)=5 a=1 b=1
f(x)=xÜ`+xÛ`+x-3 jK f(3)=27+9+3-3=36
f(x) f '(x) f(x) (x-a)Û`
f(x) f '(x) f(x) f '(x) f(a)=0 f '(a)=0
f(x) g(x) Q(x)

axÛ`+bx+c=0 x a=0 b=0 c=0 R(x) f(x)=g(x)Q(x)+R(x)
axÛ`+bx+c=a'xÛ`+b'x+c' x f '(x)=g'(x)Q(x)+g(x)Q'(x)+R'(x)
a=a' b=b' c=c'
xÜ`-3xÛ`+a (x-b)Û` 0
f(x) x a b ab
4f(x)-(2x+3)f '(x)+1=0
6 7 8
f '(0)=3 f(-2)
9 10
-1 0 1 xÜ`-3xÛ`+a (x-b)Û` Q(x)
xÜ`-3xÛ`+a=(x-b)Û`Q(x) y
2 3
x=b bÜ`-3bÛ`+a=0 y
6(1-a)x=0
x 3xÛ`-6x=2(x-b)Q(x)+(x-b)Û`Q'(x)
x a=1
3bÛ`-6b=0 3b(b-2)=0 b=2 b+0
f(x)=xÛ`+3x+2
b=2 2Ü`-3_2Û`+a=0 a=4
f(-2)=(-2)Û`+3_(-2)+2=0
ab=8
xÚ`â`+1 (x+1)Û` R(x)

f(x) x R(-3)
f(x)-3xÛ`-2xf '(-1)=0 f(2) 14 16 18
36 20 22
f(x)-3xÛ`-2xf '(-1)=0 xÚ`â`+1 (x+1)Û` R(x)
f(x)=3xÛ`+2x f '(-1) R(x)=ax+b a b R'(x)=a
x f '(x)=6x+2f '(-1) a=-10 -a+b=10+b=2
x=-1 f '(-1)=-6+2f '(-1) b=-8
f '(-1)=6 R(x)=-10x-8 R(-3)=-10_(-3)-8=22
f(x)=3xÛ`+12x f(2)=3_2Û`+12_2=36
f(x) g(x) x+0 x

f(3)g(1) f(x) y=f(x)
y=-2x+5 (1 3) f(x)
g(x)=2xÛ`f(x) (x-1)Û` R(x) R(-2)
f '(x)g(x)-f(x)g '(x)=-16xÞ`
7 8 9
68 70 72 10 12
74 76 f(x) (x-1)Û` R(x)
Ú f(x)=2xÛ` g(x)=4xÝ` R(x)=ax+b a b R'(x)=a
f(3)g(1)=18_4=72 a=-2 a+b=-2+b=3
Û f(x)=-2xÛ` g(x)=-4xÝ` b=5
f(3)g(1)=(-18)_(-4)=72 R(x)=-2x+5 R(-2)=-2_(-2)+5=9
Ú Û f(3)g(1)=72
f(x) m n f(x)=|3x-9| g(x)
f(x) f '(x) (3
lim =1 lim m-1 =a `f(x+k) (x<0)
x Ú¦ xm x Ú¦ x g(x)={ 2
f(x) f '(x) 9 f(x) (x¾0)
lim =b lim n-1 =9
x Ú0 xn x Ú0 x 1 h(x)
h(k) k>0)
64
a b
g(x)h(x)
mæ¾n h'(3)=15
abæ¾9
g(x) x=0
f(x) am=bn lim g(x)= lim f(x)= lim |3x-9|=9
x Ú0+ x Ú0+ x Ú0+
lim g(x)= lim ;2#; f(x+k)= lim ;2#;|3x+3k-9|=;2#;|3k-9|

x Ú0- x Ú0- x Ú0-
9=;2#;|3k-9| |k-3|=2 k=1 k=5

Ú k=1 h(0)=0 h(3)=0 h(x)
f(x)=xm+y+bxn f '(x)=mxm-1+y+bnxn-1
h(x)=x(x-3)(x+a) a
f '(x) f '(x)
lim m-1 =m=a lim n-1 =bn=9 a=m bn=9 y h'(3)=27-6(3-a)-3a=15 3a=6 a=2
x Ú¦ x x Ú0 x
h(x)=xÜ`-xÛ`-6x jK h(1)=1-1-6=-6
m n mæ¾n
Û k=5 h(0)=0 h(3)=0 h(-2)=0 h(x)
mæ¾n aæ¾n abæ¾bn=9 jK ab¾æ9
h(x)=x(x-3)(x+2)=xÜ`-xÛ`-6x jK h(5)=125-25-30=70
f(x) a=m=3 am=9
h(k) (-6)+70=64
am=bn=9
y=f(x) x=3 f(x)=xÜ`-xÛ`-9x+1 g(x)

(x¾k)
g(x)=[
f(x)
f(2k-x) (x<k)
y=f(x) x -1 7 g(x)
0
k ;pQ; pÛ`+qÛ`
a b a+b=6 f '(a)+f '(b)=0
p q 13
Á f '(k-3)=0
g(x)-g(k) f(2k-x)-f(k)
15 lim = xlim =-3kÛ`+2k+9
x Úk- x-k Úk- x-k
k=1 g(x)-g(k) f(x)-f(k)
lim = xlim =3kÛ`-2k-9
x Úk+ x-k Úk+ x-k
g(x)-g(k) g(x)-g(k)
lim = xlim
x Úk- x-k Úk+ x-k
-3kÛ`+2k+9=3kÛ`-2k-9 3kÛ`-2k-9=0 y
k
f(x)=p(x-3)Û`+q(p+0) f '(x)=2p(x-3)
;3@;=;pQ;
Á f '(k-3)=f '(-2)+f '(-1)+f '(0)+y+f '(12)

a+b=6 f '(a)+f '(b)=0 f '(3)=0
15 p=3 q=2 pÛ`+qÛ`=3Û`+2Û`=13
k=1
={ f '(-2)+f '(8)}+{ f '(-1)+f '(7)}

+{ f '(0)+f '(6)}+{ f '(1)+f '(5)}+{ f '(2)+f '(4)}
+f '(3)+f '(9)+f '(10)+f '(11)+f '(12)
=60p+0
1 f(x) f(x)
g(x)
f(1)=f(3)=0
-1Éx<1 g(x)=f(x) {x|x¾1 f '(x)=0} 1
x g(x+2)=g(x)
a g(x)=| f(x)f(a-x)|
g(4a)
f(0)_f(4a)
105
f(-1)=f(1) f '(-1)=f '(1) g(x) f(x)=p(x-1)(x-3)(x-q)(p q p+0 q<1)
g(x)=pÛ`|(x-a)Û`(x-b)Û`(x-c)Û`|
a-3=q a-1=1 a-q=3
g(x) a=2 q=-1
f '(0)f '(1)<0 f(x)=p(x+1)(x-1)(x-3)
g(x) f(a-x)=-p(x+1)(x-1)(x-3)=-f(x)
g(x)=| f(x)f(a-x)|=| f(x)_{-f(x)}|={ f(x)}Û`
f '(1)>0 (-¦ -1) f '(c)=0 c
g(4a) { f(8)}Û` f(8) p_9_7_5
= = = =105
f(0)_f(4a) f(0)_f(8) f(0) p_1_(-1)_(-3)
f(x)=(x-1)Û`(x+1)Û` g(x)
f(x) f(1)
f '(x)=2(x-1)(x+1)Û`+2(x-1)Û`(x+1)
f '(0)f '(1)=0 f '(0)f '(1)<0
f(x)=0 0 2 3
x f(x) |x(x-2)(x-3)|
g(x) g(x)
a 1 f(x)
g(x) g(x)=(xÛ`-x+a)f(x) f(x)
g(x)
g(x)-f(x)
lim =0
x Ú1 x-1
g'(1)+0
f(a)=f '(a) g'(a)=2f '(a) a ;6&; ;3$; ;2#;
;3%; ;;Á6Á;;
q Ú f(x)=-kxÛ`(x-2)(x-3) -1Éf(1)=-2k<0
g(a+4)= p+q p q Û f(x)=-kx(x-2)Û`(x-3) 0<f(1)=2kÉ1
p
61 Ü f(x)=-kx(x-2)(x-3)Û` 0<f(1)=4kÉ;3$;
11
a=-2 g(x)=(xÛ`-x+1)(x-1){x+ } Ú Ü f(1) ;3$;
4
19 57
g(a+4)=g(2)=3_1_ =
4 4
p=4 q=57 p+q=4+57=61
편견 없이 음악을 즐겨 봅시다.
y=f(x) (a f(a))
Ú x=a f '(a)
Û y-f(a)=f '(a)(x-a)
y=f(x) m m (a b)
y-b=m(x-a)
Ú (t f(t))
y=f(x)
Û f '(t)=m t (t f(t)) (a f(a))
f '(a) (a f(a))
Ü y-f(t)=m(x-t) y-f(a)=f '(a)(x-a)

y=f(x) (a b)
Ú (t f(t)) y-f(t)=f '(t)(x-t) y
Û (a b) t
Üt
f(a)=f(b)
y=f(x)
f(x) [a b] (a b) (a f(a)) (b f(b))
f(a)=f(b) f '(c)=0 c (a b)
(a b)
f(x) [a b] (a b)
f(x)
f(b)-f(a)
f '(c)= c (a b) xÁ xª
b-a xÁ<xª f(xÁ)<f(xª)
f(x)
xÁ<xª f(xÁ)>f(xª)
f(x) x f(x)
f '(x)>0 f(x) f(x)

f '(x)>0
f '(x)<0 f(x) f(x)=xÜ`
f '(0)=0
f '(x)>0
f(x)
f '(x)¾0
f(x) x=a x f '(x)É0
f(x)Éf(a) f(x) x=a f(a)
f(x)¾f(a) f(x) x=a f(a)
f(x) f '(a)=0 x=a

f '(x)
(+) (-) f(x) x=a
f(a) f(x) x=a
a
(-) (+) f(x) x=a
f '(a)=0
f(a)
f(x)=xÛ`+2x-5 [-3 1]
c
-1
y=-xÛ` (1 -1) -2 f(x)=xÜ`-2xÛ`-4x+12
[-2 2] c
y=2xÛ`+1 (-2 9) -8 -;3@;
y=xÜ` (2 8) 12 f(x)=-xÛ`-2x -1 1
c 0
y=xÝ`-3xÜ`+2xÛ`-x+1 (0 1) -1
f(x)=2xÛ` 0 3
;2#;
y=-;4!;xÝ`+;3!;xÜ`-;2!;xÛ`+1 {1, ;1¦2;} -1
c
y=xÛ`-2x (2 0)
y=2x-4 f(x)=xÛ` (0 ¦
y=3xÜ`+2x-4 (1 1)
y=11x-10
f(x)=-xÛ`+2 (0 ¦
y=2xÜ`-4x+3 (1 1)
f(x)=xÜ` x f '(x)>0
y=-;2!;x+;2#; _
y=;2!; xÝ`-2xÛ`+;2#; (1 0)
y=;2!;x-;2!;
f(x)=xÛ`+4x
y=-xÛ`+3x+1 -1
y=-x+5 f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`+2
y=2xÛ`+6x y=2x-3
y=2x-2
y=xÛ`+x-2 (0 -3)
y=-x-3 y=3x-3 f(x)=2xÜ`-6xÛ`+1 1 -7
y=xÜ`+3 (0 1) f(x)=xÜ`-6xÛ`+9x 4 0
y=3x+1
f(x)=-3xÝ`+6xÛ`+7 10 7
f(x)=xÝ`-4xÜ`+6xÛ`+4 (a b)
4 aÛ`+bÛ`
f '(a)=4aÜ`-12aÛ`+12a=4 jK (a-1)Ü`=0 a=1 50
y=f(x) (a f(a)) b=f(a)=7 aÛ`+bÛ`=50
f(x) x=a f '(a)
y=f(x) (a b) m
f(a)=b f '(a)=m
y=f(x) (a f(a)) x y=f(x) 0<a<b<c
h tan`h=f '(a)
f(a)
1 f(0)=2 f(x) f(b)
y=f(x)
f(c)
f(x)-xÛ`
lim =-2 O a b c x
x Ú1 x-1
y=f(x) (3 f(3))
20
f '(a)<f '(b)
f(x)=xÜ`-xÛ`-x+2 (a f(a))
f '(x)=3xÛ`-2x-1 (3 f(3))
f(c)-f(b) (b f(b))
y=f(x) f '(b)<
c-b f '(a)<f '(b)
f '(3)=27-6-1=20 f(c)-f(a)
f '(c)>
c-a
y=-2xÜ`+5x (1 3)
(b f(b)) (b f(b)) (c f(c))

-9 -7 -5 f(c)-f(b)
f '(b)<
c-b
-3 -1 (c f(c)) (a f(a)) (c f(c))
f '(x)=-6xÛ`+5 f(c)-f(a)
f '(c)>
y=f(x) (1 3) c-a
f '(1)=-6_1Û`+5=-1
f(x) f(5)
f(x)=xÜ`-3x x 1 4
f(1)=3
y=f(x) (k f(k))
1<x<5 x f '(x)¾5
k
'3 2 '5 21 22 23
'6 '7 24 25
f(4)-f(1) 52-(-2) 54 y=f(x) 5
= = =18
4-1 3 3
f(5)
f(x)=xÜ`-3x f '(x)=3xÛ`-3
y=f(x) 5 f(1)=3
3kÛ`-3=18 3kÛ`=21 kÛ`=7
f(x)=5x-2 f(5)=5_5-2=23
k='7 k>0)
f(5) 23
x>0 f(x) y=-xÜ`+2x (1 1)
2xÉf(x)É3x f(1)=2 f(2)=6 (-10 a) a 12
f '(1)+f '(2) y=-xÜ`+2x y'=-3xÛ`+2

x=1 (1 1) -3_1+2=-1
8 7 6
y=-(x-1)+1=-x+2
5 4 (-10 a)
x>0 f(x) f(1)=2 a=-(-10)+2=12
f(2)=6 y=f(x)
(1 2) (2 6) 2xÉf(x)É3x
y=f(x) y=2x
y=3x
y=f(x) (1 2) y=2x
(2 6) y=3x
f '(1)=2 f '(2)=3 jK f '(1)+f '(2)=5
y=f(x) (a f(a)) y=xÜ`+2 P(a -6)

y=f '(a)(x-a)+f(a) y=mx+n a m n
28
P(a -6) y=xÜ`+2
m (a b) aÜ`+2=-6 jK aÜ`=-8 a=-2
y=m(x-a)+b y=f(x) (a f(a)) y'=3xÛ` P(-2 -6) 3_(-2)Û`=12
f '(a) (a f(a)) 12 P(-2 -6)
y-(-6)=12{x-(-2)} jK y=12x+18
y=f '(a)(x-a)+f(a)
m=12 n=18 jK a+m+n=28
y=xÜ`+6xÛ`-11x+7 (1 3)
y=mx+n m n m-n
5 7 9 f(x) g(x)
11 13
f '(x)=3xÛ`+12x-11 f '(1)=3_1Û`+12_1-11=4 g(x)=xÜ`f(x)-7
(1 3) 4 y-3=4(x-1)
f(x)-g(x)
y=4x-1=mx+n lim =2
x Ú2 x-2
m-n=4-(-1)=5
y=g(x) (2 g(2))
y=ax+b aÛ`+bÛ` a b
97
f(x)(1-xÜ`)+7
lim
x Ú2 x-2
y=-xÜ`+4x (1 3) f(x)-f(2) (x-2)(xÛ`+2x+4)
=lim _(1-xÜ`)-lim
x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2 x-2
y=ax+b 10a+b a b
=-7f '(2)-12=2
12 f '(2)=-2
f(x)=-xÜ`+4x f '(x)=-3xÛ`+4 f '(1)=1 g '(x)=3xÛ`f(x)+xÜ`f '(x) x=2
y=f(x) (1 3) g '(2)=12f(2)+8f '(2)=12_1+8_(-2)=-4
y=(x-1)+3=x+2=ax+b y=g(x) (2 g(2))
a=1 b=2 jK 10a+b=12
g'(2)=-4
y=g '(2)(x-2)+g(2)=-4x+9=ax+b
a=-4 b=9 aÛ`+bÛ`=16+81=97
f(x)=xÜ`-ax (0 16) y=f(x)
y=f(x) (a b) 8 f(a) 48
a
Ú (a b) y=f(x) f(x)=xÜ`-ax f '(x)=3xÛ`-a
(t f(t)) f '(t) (t f(t)) y=f(x) (t tÜ`-at)
y-f(t)=f '(t)(x-t) y y=(3tÛ`-a)x-2tÜ` y`
y=8x+16
-2tÜ`=16 tÜ`=-8 t=-2
Û y-f(t)=f '(t)(x-t) (a b) 3_(-2)Û`-a=8 a=4
t f(x)=xÜ`-4x f(a)=f(4)=4Ü`-4_4=48
ÜÛ t
(0 -1) y=2xÛ`-4x+3
-8 -6 -4
-2 0
(0 -1) y=f(x)
f '(-'2)=-4'2-4 f ' '2)=4'2-4
(0 -4) y=xÜ`-2 x (-4'2-4)+(4'2-4)=-8
(a 0) a
;6&; ;3$; ;2#;
;3%; :Á6Á:
y=xÜ`-2 (t tÜ`-2) (0 -4)
-4=3tÛ`(0-t)+tÜ`-2 t=1 f(x) y=f(x)
y=3(x-1)-1=3x-4 x (a f(a)) y=g(x)
{;3$; 0} x f(x)=g(x) x+a
a=;3$;
f(x)=g(x) x=a
f(x) g(x) y=f(x) y=g(x) x=a

x=b h(x)=f(x)-g(x) h(x)
(x-a)Û` x-b
n ai`(i=0 1 2 y n)
y=-xÜ`-xÛ`+x h(x)=(x-a)Û`(x-b)(anx +an-1xn-1+y+a¼
n
2 ;4(; ;2%;
;;Á4Á;; 3 y=xÜ`+2x+7 P(-1 4) P

y=f(x) (t -tÜ`-tÛ`+t) (a b) a+b 21
0-(-tÜ`-tÛ`+t)=(-3tÛ`-2t+1)_(0-t) tÛ`(2t+1)=0
P(-1 4) y'|x=-1=5
t=0 t=-;2!;
y-4=5(x+1) y=5x+9 y
Ú t=0 f '(0)=1 P x 2 y 5_2+9=19
Û t=-;2!; f '{-;2!;}=;4%; a=2 b=19 jK a+b=21
Ú Û 1+;4%;=;4(;
1 f(x)
y=f(x) (2 4) (-1 1) y=f(x) m
f '(3)
Ú (t f(t))
10 11 12 Û f '(t)=m t (t f(t))
(2 4) (-1 1)
13 14
1-4
y-1= (x+1) y=x+2 Ü y-f(t)=m(x-t)
-1-2
f(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`+bx+c (a b c
f(2)=4 4a+2b+c=-4 y f(-1)=1 a-b+c=2 y (xÁ yÁ) (xª yª)
f '(2)=1 4a+b=-11 y yª-yÁ
a=-3 b=1 c=6 xª-xÁ
f '(x)=3xÛ`-6x+1 x h
f '(3)=3_3Û`-6_3+1=10
tan`h
f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`+3x
f(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`+9x+3
(1 f(1)) y=2x+b a+b
a b
1 2 3
4 5
f(x)=xÜ`-5xÛ`+9x+3 f(1)=1-5+9+3=8
y=f(x) y=2x+b (1 8) 8=2+b b=6
y=f(x) x a+b=(-5)+6=1
S 10S 45
f '(x)=3xÛ`-6x+3 (a f(a))
y-aÜ`+3aÛ`-3a=(3aÛ`-6a+3)(x-a)
(0 0) a=0 a=;2#;
Ú a=0 x=0 x=3 Û a=;2#; x=0 x=;2#;

f(x)=(x-3)Û` g(x) f(x)
10S=10_{3+;2#;}=45
y=g(x) (2 g(2)) y
-5 x
f(x)=xÜ`+ax y=f(x)
A(-1 -1-a)
B y=f(x) B
C B C x
b c f(b)+f(c)=-80 a
1 2 3
8 10 12
4 5
14 16
y=g(x) (2 g(2)) g'(2)=f(2)
A(-1 -1-a) f '(-1)=3+a
y-g(2)=f(2)(x-2) y=f(2)(x-2)+g(2)
y=(3+a)(x+1)+(-1-a)=(3+a)x+2
f(x)=(x-3)Û` f(2)=(2-3)Û`=1
B (2 f(2))=(2 8+2a)
y=x-2+g(2) y
B
y -5 -2+g(2)=-5 g(2)=-3
y=f '(2)(x-2)+(8+2a)=(12+a)x-16
y=x-5 y=0 x 5
C B C x x=-4 c=-4
f(b)+f(c)=f(2)+f(-4)=(8+2a)+(-64-4a)=-80
a=12
f(x) y=f(x) (2 1)
2 g(x)=xÜ`f(x) g'(2) y=f(x) y=mx+n
28
(2 1) y=f(x) `f(2)=1
Ú (t f(t))
y=f(x) (2 1) 2 f '(2)=2 Û y-f(t)=f '(t)(x-t)
g(x)=xÜ`f(x) g'(x)=3xÛ`f(x)+xÜ`f '(x) ÜÛ y=mx+n
g'(2)=3_2Û`_f(2)+2Ü`_f '(2)=28
t
Ýt y=f(x)
x=t
y=f(x) y-f(t)=f '(t)(x-t)
y=mx+n
y=-12x+5 y=xÜ`+3xÛ`-9x+a
a
2 4 6
f(x)=x(x+1)(x-4) y=5x+k
8 10
y=f(x) k
x -1 (-1 17)
(-1 17) y=f(x)
f(-1)=17 (-1)Ü`+3_(-1)Û`-9_(-1)+a=17
11+a=17
a=6
y=xÜ`-3xÛ` m
m
-5 -4 -3
-2 -1
5 ;;Á2Á;; 6 y=f(x) m x t
3tÛ`-6t-m=0 y
;;Á2£;; 7 y=f(x) m t
y=5x+k y=f(x) (a f(a))

D D=0
f(x)=x(x+1)(x-4)=xÜ`-3xÛ`-4x f '(x)=3xÛ`-6x-4
D
f '(a)=3aÛ`-6a-4=5 3aÛ`-6a-9=0 =(-3)Û`-3_(-m)=9+3m=0 3m=-9 m=-3
4
3(a-3)(a+1)=0 a=3 a=-1
a=-1 f(-1)=-1_0_(-5)=0 (-1 0)
y=5(x+1)=5x+5 k=5 a b f(x)=xÛ`-2x+a y=2x+b
y=f(x) A y=f(x) y
B OAB 8 a+b
a>0 O 12
OAB 8
OAB=;2!;_ABÓ_OBÓ=;2!;_2_a=8 a=8
A (2 8) A y=2x+b
8=2_2+b b=4
a+b=8+4=12
y=f(x) y=g(x) x=t y=f(x) y=g(x) x t
x t f(t)=g(t)
x=t f(t)=g(t) y=f(x) y=g(x)
x=t y-f(t)=f '(t)(x-t) y-g(t)=g '(t)(x-t)
f '(t)=g '(t)
y=f(x) y=g(x)
y=f(x) y=g(x)
y=xÜ`+ax y=bxÛ`+c (-1 1)

f(x)=xÜ`+ax+3 g(x)=bxÛ`+2 a b c a+b+c
y=f(x) y=g(x) x=2 a b
a+b
-5 -4 -3
;;ª4Á;; ;;ª4£;; ;;ª4°;; -2 -1

f '(x)=3xÛ`-2 g '(x)=2bx (-1 1)
;;ª4¦;; ;;ª4»;;
f '(-1)=3-2=1 g '(-1)=-2b
f '(-1)g '(-1)=-1
f(2)=g(2) 2a-4b=-9 y
f '(2)=g '(2) 12+a=4b a-4b=-12 y 1_(-2b)=-1 b=;2!; jK c=;2!;
a=3 b=;;Á4°;; a+b=;;ª4¦;; a+b+c=-2+;2!;+;2!;=-1
y=xÜ`+ax+5 y=xÛ`+b x 1 P
P mÁ
f(x) y=f(x) (0 0)
mª mÁ-mª=-1 a b
y=xf(x) (1 2)
a+b
f '(2)
-2 -1 0
-18 -17 -16
1 2
-15 -14 f(x)=xÜ`+ax+5 g(x)=xÛ`+b y=f(x) y=g(x)
f(0)=0 f(1)=2 x=1 f(1)=g(1) 1+a+5=1+b
y=f(x) (0 0) y=f '(0)x a-b=-5 y
y=xf(x) (1 2)
f '(x)=3xÛ`+a g '(x)=2x P
y={ f(1)+f '(1)}x-f(1)-f '(1)+2
mÁ mª mÁ=f '(1)=3+a mª=g '(1)=2
f(1)+f '(1)=f '(0)
mÁ-mª=-1 a=-2
-f(1)-f '(1)+2=0 f '(0)=2 f '(1)=0
f '(x)=-6xÛ`+4x+2 f '(2)=-6_2Û`+4_2+2=-14 b=3 a+b=-2+3=1
y=xÛ` y=(x-1)Û`
y=f(x) y=xÜ` y=xÜ`-4
f(5)
15ù 30ù 45ù
11 13 15
60ù 90ù
17 19
mÁ mª
f(x)=ax+b y=f(x) (1 1) (-1 -5)
a+b=1 -a+b=-5 mÁ=2_;2!;=1 mª=2{;2!;-1}=-1
a=3 b=-2 mÁmª=-1
f(x)=3x-2 f(5)=3_5-2=13 90ù
O y=xÜ`-3x O
y=f(x) C l l y=xÜ`-3x
C
1 A OA
ab
C C (x-a)Û`+(y-b)Û`=rÛ`
rÛ`
a b 4
y=f(x) C lÁ
lª lÁ lª
-1
C 1 y=f(x)
(0 0) (2 0) C ;8!; ;9@; ;1£0;
r rÛ`
;1¢1; ;1°2;
'¶30 '¶30
A{ }
3 9
'¶30 2` '¶30 2` 100
{x- } +{y- }=
3 9 27
'¶30 _ '¶30
ab 3 9 3
= =
rÛ` 100 10
27
;6&; ;5^; ;4%;
;3$; ;2#;
y=f(x) (a f(a))
C C C y=;2!; x y=-;2!; x+1

1
y-f(a)=- (x-a) f'(a)+0
;2!; x=-;2!; x+1 x=1 y=;2!; C{1 ;2!;} f '(a)
C r=OCÓ=¾¨1Û`+{;2!;}2` =®;4%; rÛ`=;4%; -1 y=f(x)

(a f(a)) f '(a)
m
y=k(x-2)Û`(x-4)
1
m_f '(a)=-1 m=-
rÛ` f '(a)
r P(1 a)
kÛ`
k+0) 30
y=xÜ`-ax+b (1 1)
-;2!; a b a+b
2
(1 1) y=xÜ`-ax+b a=b y
f(x)=xÜ`-ax+b f '(x)=3xÛ`-a y=f(x)
(1 1) f '(1)=3_1Û`-a=3-a
P xÛ`+yÛ`=rÛ` 1+aÛ`=rÛ`
10 (1 1) -;2!;
7
rÛ`=1+9kÛ`=1+9_;2Á1;=;;Á7¼;;
rÛ` 3-a=2 a=1
= =30
kÛ` 1
21 b=1 a+b=1+1=2
y=xÜ`-3xÛ`+2x+2 A(0 2)
A x CÁ : y=xÛ`-2x+2 Cª : y=-xÛ`+ax+b
P P CÁ Cª
4 6 8
l m l m
10 12
A(0 2) Cª a b Q
1
- =-;2!; -;2!; A(0 2) Q
f '(0)
y=-;2!; x+2
f(x)=xÛ`-2x+2 g(x)=-xÛ`+ax+b
x
CÁ Cª P x t
0=-;2!; x+2 x=4
l m
f '(t)g '(t)=-1 2a-1
f(x)=;3@;xÜ`+ax (0 f(0)) (1 f(1)) 4tÛ`-2(a+2)t+ =0 yy
f(t)=g(t)
a
2tÛ`-(a+2)t+2-b=0 yy
-2 -1 0
b= -a y=-xÛ`+ax+b
1 2
a ;2%;
f(x)=;3@; xÜ`+ax (0 f(0)) (1 f(1))
f '(0)=2_0Û`+a=a f '(1)=2_1Û`+a=a+2
a(x-1)-xÛ`-y+ =0 yy
f '(0)f '(1)=-1 a(a+2)=-1 aÛ`+2a+1=0 (a+1)Û`=0 x-1=0 -xÛ`-y+ =0 x
a=-1
y Q (1
;2#;
h(a)
a b h(a)_h(b)
y=xÛ` P(t tÛ`)(0<t<1)
l x Q P x 4 8 12
R PQR f(t) P 16 20
-1 m y='x a=;2%; b=;2#; h(a)=2a-1
A PA PCAB h(a)_h(b)=h{;2%;}_h{;2#;}=4_2=8
t_g(t)
g(t) lim
t Ú0+ f(t)
}
xÛ` aÛ`
y= P{a
2 2
l
l
xÛ`
y= m
2
xÛ`
m y=
2
Q y PQ R R
1
1 2 3 y a+0) Q {-;a!; }
2aÛ`
4 5 P Q PQ
lim
t_g(t)
= lim
t(tÛ`-t)Û` ;8#; ;2!; ;8%;
t Ú0+ f(t) t Ú0+ 1 tÜ`
4
tÜ`(t-1)Û` ;4#; ;8&;
= lim
t Ú0+ 1 tÜ` aÛ` 1
4 -
2 2aÛ`
x+;2!;
aÛ` aÛ`-1
y= (x-a)+ =
=4 lim (t-1)Û`=4 1 2 2a
t Ú0+ a-{- }
a
R y PQ y x=0 ;2!;
y=f(x)
y=mx+n
m y=f(x) (a f(a))
Ú (t f(t)) y=f '(a)(x-a)+f(a)
Û f '(t)=m t (t f(t)) y=f(x) (a b)
(t f(t))
Ü y-f(t)=m(x-t) y=f '(t)(x-t)+f(t) (a b)
y=mx+n y=m'x+n' m=m' n+n'

y=f(x) m
ax+by+c=0 a'x+b'y+c'=0
(t f(t)) f '(t)=m
a = b +c
a' b' c'
y=f(x) x y
x y a b(a+0 b+0)
;2!;|a||b|
y=-xÜ`+2xÛ`+x y=2x+4
x
y=1 y=1-;3$;kÜ` l m
;2!; ;3!; ;4!;
y
f(x)=;3!;xÜ`-kxÛ`+1 k>0
;5!; ;6!;
2 f '(t)=2 t=1 t=;3!; A B l m
y=2x+4 x 1 ;3!; 3kÛ` y=f(x) x
l m 24 k
x 1_;3!;=;3!;
f(0)-f(2k)=1-{1-;3$;kÜ`}=;3$;kÜ`
;2!; 1 ;2#;
y=xÜ`-3xÛ`+x+1 A B
2 ;2%;
A x 3 B 1
l x -;9%;k-
y 3kÛ`
1
m x 3k-
5 6 7 3kÛ`
{3k- 1 }-{-;9%;k- 1 }=:£9ª:k
8 9 3kÛ` 3kÛ`
B x a(a+3) B 24 :£9ª:k_;3$;kÜ`=24 k=;2#;
f '(a)=f '(3)=10 f '(a)=3aÛ`-6a+1=10
a=-1 a+3)
B y=10(x+1)-4=10x+6 f(x)=xÜ`-3x+2 y=f(x)
y 6 P(-2 0) y=f(x) P
Q OPQ O
a (a 0) y=3xÜ`
(0 a) y=3xÜ` 90a 50 52 54
20 56 58
A(t 3tÜ`) y=9tÛ`(x-t)+3tÜ` (a 0) OPQ=;2!;_OPÓ_| Q y |=;2!~;_2_54=54
9tÛà-6tÜ`=0
B(-t -3tÜ`) y=9tÛ`(x+t)-3tÜ` (0 a)
6tÜ`=a
t=;3!; a=;9@; 90a=90_;9@;=20

f(x)=xÛ` g(x)=-(x-3)Û`+k(k>0)
y=;3!; xÜ`+;;Á3Á;; (x>0) P
y=f(x) P(1 1) l
l y=g(x) Q x-y-10=0
y=g(x) x R S P (a b) a+b 5
P {t ;3!; tÜ`+;;Á3Á;;} (t>0) P
QRS
1 f '(x)=xÛ` x=t tÛ`=1
t=1 t>0)
f(1)=;3!;+;;Á3Á;;=4 P (1 4)
a+b=1+4=5
4 ;2(; 5
;;Á2Á;; 6
g(x)=-(x-3)Û`+4=-xÛ`+6x-5 [0 2] f(x)=ax(x-2)Û` {a>;2!;}
y=g(x) x R S x g(x)=0
-xÛ`+6x-5=0 (x-1)(x-5)=0 y=f(x) y=x O
x=1 x=5 A P A
RSÓ=|1-5|=4 QRS S
y=f(x) OAP
S=;2!;_RSÓ_| Q y |=;2!;_4_3=6
P x ;2!; a
y=f(x) P y=g(x)
y=f(x)
y=g(x) P
Ú
;4%; ;3$; ;1!2&;
Û
;2#; ;1!2(;
y=x 1 f '{;2!;}=1 a
f '{;2!;}=a{;2!;-2}{3_;2!;-2}=;4#; a=1 a=;3$;
y=xÛ`-4x+7 P
y=6x-20 P P
(m n) n-m 7
(5 12) P (5 12) P
y=6x-20 m=5 n=12
n-m=12-5=7
y=xÜ` P(t tÜ`)
f(x) g(x)=ax+b f(t)
f(t) lim =a 30a
f(x)¾g(x) t Ú¦ t
b y=g(x) y=f(x) 20
f(t) 2tÜ`
lim =lim =;3@;=a 30a=20
t Ú¦ t t Ú¦
t"Ã9tÝ`+1
y=f(x) y=g(x) x=a
y=f(x) y=g(x) x=a
f(a)=g(a) f '(a)=g'(a)
f(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`+bx t
y=f(x) (t f(t)) y
f(x)=(x-1)Û`(2x+1) 12 P P g(t)
(t f(t)) (t>1)
f(x) g(t)
a k f(x) g(x) f(1)=2

0 (xÉa)
f(x)=[
g(t)
(x-1)Û`(2x+1) (x>a)
0 (xÉk) f(3) a b
g(x)=[
12(x-k) (x>k) 21 24 27
30 33
f(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`+bx f '(x)=3xÛ`+2ax+b
(t tÜ`+atÛ`+bt)
f(x)
y=(3tÛ`+2at+b)(x-t)+tÜ`+atÛ`+bt P(0 -2tÜ`-atÛ`)
x f(x)¾g(x) g(t)="Ã(2tÜ`+atÛ`)Û`=|2tÜ`+atÛ`| lim g'(t)= lim g'(t)
t Ú-;2A;+ t Ú-;2A;-
a=0 jK f(x)=xÜ`+bx
k ;pQ; a+p+q 32 f(1)=2 f(1)=1+b=2 b=1
f(x)=xÜ`+x f(3)=27+3=30
p q
6t(t-1)=12 t>1 t=2
ABCD A C y
(2 5) y-5=12(x-2) y=12x-19
B D x AB CD
k¾;1!2(; k ;1!2(;
y=xÜ`-5x
p=12 q=19 a+p+q=1+12+19=32
ABCD 32
a f(x) x
| f '(x)|É4xÛ`+5
y=f(x) x=1
a
;2#; 2 ;2%;
3 ;2&; AB P(-'2 3'2) 1

y=(x+'2)+3'2=x+4'2
(k 4kÛ`+5) y-(4kÛ`+5)=8k(x-k)
OAÓ=4'2 OBÓ=4'2 ABÓ=4'2_'2=8
-4kÛ`-5=8k-8kÛ` k=-;2!; k<0 ABCD 4ABÓ=4_8=32
8_{-;2!;}=-4
-|2a|=-4 |a|=2 a=-2 a=2

a 2
f(x)=xÛ`(x-2)Û` 0ÉxÉ2
x f(x)Éf '(t)(x-t)+f(t)
t {t|pÉtÉq} 36pq 32
f(x) [a b] (a b)
0ÉtÉ1 y 0 t ;3@;ÉtÉ1
f(a)=f(b)
y=f(x) x=1 1ÉtÉ;3$; f '(c)=0
c (a b)
t
;3@;ÉtÉ;3$; jK p=;3@; q=;3$; c f '(c)=0 c

(a b)
36pq=36_;3@;_;3$;=32
y=f(x) f(a)=f(b) x
(a b)
f(x) g(x) x=a x=b

a<c<b x=c
f(x)=-xÜ`+4xÛ`-3x
(a f(a)) x
f '(c)=-g '(c) f '(c)=g '(c)
A B(3 0)
f '(a)=g '(b) f '(b)=g '(b)
C C x D
f '(a)=g '(a)
ADÓ DBÓ=3 1 a f(x) g(x) x=a x=b
f(a)=g(a) f(b)=g(b)
|f(x)-g(x)|=F(x) F(x) (a b)
F(a)=F(b)=0
f(x) g(x) x=c F(x) x=c
F(x) F(a)=F(b)=0 a<c0) ADÓ=3k
CDÓ 4 ;;Á3¢;;
BC =-6 CDÓ=6k
-k f '(x)=3xÛ`-8x-1 f '(c)=0
CDÓ 6k 4Ñ'¶19
AC = =2 3cÛ`-8c-1=0 c=
ADÓ 3k 3
f '(a)=-3aÛ`+8a-3=2 a 4+'¶19 4-'¶19
-1< <4 -1< <4
-3aÛ`+8a-3=2 3 3
4+'¶19 4-'¶19
3aÛ`-8a+5=0 c + =;3*;
3 3
a =;3%;
[-1 2] f(x)=-xÛ`+3x
f '(c)=0(-1<c<2) c f(2)-f(0)
=f '(c) 0<c<2
2
c
f(x)=|2x-1| [-1 2]
f(x)=xÜ`-3x+4 ;3@; ;4#; 1
f(-1)=|-2-1|=3
f(x)=|2x-1| f(2)=|4-1|=3
f(x)=|(x+1)(x-2)| ;3$; ;2#;
f(x)=-xÛ`+3x f '(x)=-2x+3
f(-1)=f(2) x=;2!;
f(2)-f(0)
=f '(c)
2
f(2)=-2Û`+3_2=2 f(0)=0
(-1 2)
f(2)-f(0)
= 2-0 =1
2 2
y=f(x) f '(c)=0 c (-1 2)
f (c)=-2c+3=1
-2c=-2 c=1
f(x) a b
(a b)
f(b)-f(a)
=f '(c)
b-a
c (a b)
f(a)=f(b)
y=f(x) (a f(a)) (b f(b))
f(x) f(0)
(a b)
M m f(1)=5
f(x) f '( )=0 M+m
f '( )=k` k
f(x) [0 1]
(0 1)
0<t<1 t |f '(t)|É3
6 7 8
y=f(x)
9 10
(a c) x p
f(x) [0 1] (0 1)
(a b) x q
f(1)-f(0)
=f '(c)
p+q a<0<b<c) 1-0
c (0 1)
f(1)-f(0)
| |É3
1-0
|5-f(0)|É3 ( f(1)=5)
-3É5-f(0)É3 2É f(0)É8
f(0) M=8 m=2 M+m=8+2=10
3 4 5
6 7
p=3 q=3 p+q=3+3=6
f(x)=xÜ`+6xÛ`+15|x-2a|+3
a
-;2%; -2 -;2#;
f(x)
x -1 -;2!;
f '(x)>0 f(x)
f(x) f '(x)æ¾0
f '(x)<0 f(x)
xÉ2a xæ¾1 xÉ-5 f(x)
f(x)
x 2aÉ-5 aÉ-;2%;
f(x) f '(x)¾0
f(x) f '(x)É0
y=f '(x) y=f'(x)

+ + +
a - b c - d x
f '(x)>0 x<a
b<x<c x>d f(x)
f '(x)<0 a<x<b c<x<d f(x) f(x)
f(x)
f(x) f(x)
f '(x)¾0
f '(x)É0 y=f(x) x
f(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`-(aÛ`-8a)x+3
f(x)=0
a 6
f '(x)=3xÛ`+2ax-(aÛ`-8a)
f(x)
3xÛ`+2ax-(aÛ`-8a)¾0 f(x) f '(x) f(x)
D f`'(x)¾0 f '(x)É0
=aÛ`+3(aÛ`-8a)É0 0ÉaÉ6
4
a 6
f(x)=;3!; xÜ`-axÛ`+3ax
a
f(x)=;3!;xÜ`-9x+3 (-a a) 3 4 5
a 3 6 7
f(x)=;3!;xÜ`-9x+3 f '(x)=xÛ`-9=(x+3)(x-3) f(x)=;3!;xÜ`-axÛ`+3ax
f '(x)¾æ0 f '(x)=xÛ`-2ax+3a x
x y -3 y 3 y D
xÛ`-2ax+3aæ¾0 =aÛ`-3aÉ0
f '(x) + 0 - 0 + 4
0ÉaÉ3
f(x) a 3
f(x) (-3 3) a 3
f(x)
g(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`+bx+c
f(x)
Ú f(x) f '(x)
x 2f(x)=g(x)-g(-x)
Û f '(x)=0 x=a
ÜÛ x f '(x)
a b c
f(x) x=a
x
aÛ`É3b f(x)Éf(a) f(x) x=a
f '(x)=0 f(x)¾f(a) f(x) x=a
f '(x)=0 g '(1)=1
f(x) f '(a)=0 x=a
f'(x) + - f(x) x=a
f(a)
f '(x) - + f(x) x=a
g(x) g(x) f(a)
x g '(x)=3xÛ`+2ax+b¾0
3xÛ`+2ax+b=0 DÁ
DÁ
=aÛ`-3bÉ0 aÛ`É3b
4
f(x)=xÜ`-9xÛ`+24x+5 25
x y 2 y 4 y
f '(x) + 0 - 0 +
f(x)
f(x) f(2)=2Ü`-9_2Û`+24_2+5=25
f(x)=xÜ`-6xÛ`+9x+1 x=a M
a+M
f(x)=xÝ`-16xÛ`
k 17
4 6 8
10 12
f(x) x=1 f(1)=1-6+9+1=5
(k k+1) f '(x)<0
a=1 M=f(1)=5
f '(k)f '(k+2)<0 a+M=1+5=6
f '(x)=4xÜ`-32x=4x(x+2'2)(x-2'2)
f '(x)<0 k
k+1É-2'2 kÉ-2'2-1=-3.8___ kÉ-4 y
kæ¾0 k+1É2'2 0ÉkÉ2'2-1=1.8___
0ÉkÉ1 y
f(x)=2xÜ`+3xÛ`-12x+1
f '(k) f '(k+2) k M m M+m
k=1 f '(1)<0 f '(3)>0
k=-4 f '(-4)<0 f '(-2)>0 13 14 15
k 1 -4 16 17
1Û`+(-4)Û`=1+16=17 f '(x)=6xÛ`+6x-12=6(x+2)(x-1)
f(-2)=-16+12+24+1=21 f(1)=2+3-12+1=-6
f(x) x=-2 M=21 x=1 m=-6
M+m=21+(-6)=15
f(x)=xÜ`-12x x=a b a+b f(x)
14 f '(x) y
f(x)=xÜ`-12x f '(x)=3xÛ`-12=0 x>0
xÛ`=4 jK x=2 x=-2
f(x)
x=-2 f(x)
a=-2 b=f(-2)=16 a+b=-2+16=14
f '(-1)=f '(0)=f '(1)=0)
y=f(x) y y=f(x)
f(x) x=a f(x) x=0
x=c ‌f(0)=0 f(x) 0
x=b x=d
x
‌f(1)<0 f(x)=0
O a b c d e
y=f '(x) y=f'(x)

f(x)
x=a a b c x
x=b
x=0 f '(x) 0 f(x) x=0
x=c f '(x)
f(x) x=c
f(x) y=f '(x) f '(x)=0

x f '(x)
y=f(x) y=f '(x)

y=g(x) y=g '(x)
f(x)
f '(x)
x x
f '(x)
b c d g(x)=
x
f(0)=g(0)=0 h(x)=f(x)-g(x)
f(x) (b 0) a<x0
a<x0 h(b)<0
f '(x) - 0 + + 0 - 0 +
h(a)h(b)<0
f(x)
f(x) [a e] f '(x)=0 f '(x)

x=b c d 3
y=f(x) a>1 f(x)=2xÜ`-3(a+1)xÛ`+6ax-4a+2
1 y=g(x) x -2 1 f(x)=0 b a
h(x)=g(x)-f(x) b
h(x)
6(x-a)(x-1)
f '(x)= a>1
f(x) x=1
f(1)<0 f(b)=0 a b
<
;1*6!; ;1*6#; ;1*6%;

6(x+a)(x+1) >
;1*6&; ;1*6(;
f '(x)=6(x-a)(x-1)
6(x+a)(x+1) <
f(x) x=1
h(x)=(x+2)Û`(x-1)Û` jK h'(x)=2(x+2)(x-1)(2x+1) 6(x-a)(x-1) >
3Ý` 6(x-a)(x-1)
h{-;2!;}={;2#;} _{-;2#;} = =;1*6!;
2 2
< a
x y 1 y a y
f '(x) + 0 - 0 +
f(x)
f(x) f '(a)=0 x=a

f '(x) + - f(x) f(x)=xÜ`-6xÛ`+ax+10
g(x)=à
x=a
b-f(x) (x<3)
f '(x) - + f(x)
f(x) (x¾3)
x=a
g(x)
f(x) x=a x=a f '(a)=0 a b 6
-xÜ`+6xÛ`-9x+10 (x<3)
f '(a)=0 x=a g(x)=[
xÜ`-6xÛ`+9x+10 (x¾3)
g(x) x=1
g(1)=-1+6-9+10=6
f(x)=xÜ`-3x
n 1
f(x) aÇ
f(x)
x¾æ2 f(x)¾æ2 f(n)=0
|x|É2 | f(x)|É2 x (x+n)f(x)¾æ0
aÇ n
1 2 3
|x|É2 HK -2ÉxÉ2 f(-2)=-2 f(2)=2 4 5
f(x) x=-1 2 x=1 -2 g(x)=(x+n)f(x)=(x+n)(x-n)(xÛ`+ax+b) y
-2Éf(x)É2 |f(x)|É2 g(x)=(x-n)Û`(x+n)Û`
f(x)=(x-n)Û`(x+n) y
f(x) x=-;3N; an=f {-;3N;}=;2#7;@ nÜ`
an=;2#7@; nÜ` nÜ` 27
k nÜ`=27k=3Ü`k
k=1 n 3
f(x) g(x) h(x)
f(x) (xæ¾0) f(x)
h(x)=[ f(x)
g(x) (x<0)
f '(x)=0
h(x)
f(x) f '(x)=0
f(0)=g(0) f(x)
f '(0)=g'(0) h(x) x=0 HK f(x)
f '(0)g'(0)<0 h(x) x=0 f(x) (a b)
f '(x)=0 a<x0 g '(0)<0 x=0 h(x)
y=f '(x)
Û f '(0)<0 g '(0)>0 x=0 h(x)
Ú Û x=0
f(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`+(aÛ`-4a)x+3
a
5 6 7
8 9
f(x) f '(x)=3xÛ`+2ax+(aÛ`-4a)
f '(x)=0
D
=aÛ`-3(aÛ`-4a)>0 0<a<6
4
a 1 2 3 4 5
x=0 f(x) a 5
f(x)=xÜ`-2xÛ`+ax+2
|f(x)| x=0
a
f |x| x=0
f(x)-xÛ`|x| x=0 1 ;3$; ;3%;
2 ;3&;
f '(x)=3xÛ`-4x+a f '(x)=0
3xÛ`-4x+a=0 y
f(x)=-xÛ` x=0 |f(x)|=xÛ` x=0
x D DÉ0
a¾;3$;
D
=4-3aÉ0 3a¾4
4
a ;3$;
f(x)=xÜ`-axÛ`+4ax
a 13
f '(x)=3xÛ`-2ax+4a f '(x)=0
3xÛ`-2ax+4a=0 y
x D D>0
D
=aÛ`-12a>0 a(a-12)>0
4
a<0 a>12
a 13
f(x)=xÝ`-axÜ`+;2!;(aÛ`-9)xÛ`
f(x)
a
f(x) f '(x)=0
1 3 5
7 9
f(x) f '(x)=0
f(x) f '(x)=0
a -4 -2 -1 0 1 2 4 7
f(x) f '(x)=0
f(x) f '(x)=0
f(x) x=a b
f(a)=b f '(a)=0
f(x) f(x)
f(x) f(x)
f(x) f '(x)=0
f(x) f '(x)=0
f(x)
f(x)=xÝ`-4xÜ`+4axÛ` a f(x) f '(x)=0
f(x) f '(x)=0
1 2 3
4 5
f '(x)=0 xÛ`-3x+2a=0 0
a<;8(;
f(x) a
a+0 a<;8(; a 1 f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`+a -4

a
2 4 6
8 10
f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`+a f '(x)=3xÛ`-6x=3x(x-2)
f(x) x=0 a x=2 a-4
f(x)=xÝ`+axÛ`+b 5 -4 a(a-4)=-4
aÛ`-4a+4=0 (a-2)Û`=0 a=2
a b a+b
1 3 5
7 9
Ú f '(x)=0 a+b=5
k f(x)=xÝ`+kx+10 x=1
Û f '(x)=0 f '(x)=0 x=0
f(1) 7
Ü f '(x)=0 a+b>5 f(x)=xÝ`+kx+10 f '(x)=4xÜ`+k
Ú Ü a+b 5 f(x) x=1
f '(1)=4+k=0 k=-4
f(x)=xÝ`-4x+10
f(1)=1-4+10=7
f(x)=(x-1)Û`(x-4)+a 10 a
f(x)=-;3!; xÜ`+2xÛ`+mx+1 x=3
14
m f '(x)=2(x-1)(x-4)+(x-1)Û`=3(x-1)(x-3)
f(x) x=1
-3 -1 1
x=3
3 5 f(3)=4_(-1)+a=10 a=14
f(x)=-;3!; xÜ`+2xÛ`+mx+1
f '(x)=-xÛ`+4x+m
f(x) x=3 f '(3)=0
f '(3)=-9+12+m=m+3=0
m=-3
f(x)=-xÝ`+8aÛ`xÛ`-1 x=b x=2-2b

a+b a b a>0 b>1 f(x)=xÜ`-3axÛ`+3(aÛ`-1)x 4
f(-2)>0 f(-1) a
3 5 7 1 2 3
9 11 4 5
f '(x)=-4xÜ`+16aÛ`x
f '(x)=0 x=-2a x=0 x=2a f(x)=xÜ`+3xÛ`
f(x)
x=0 x=-2a x=2a f(-1)=-1+3=2
f(x) x=b x=2-2b
b+(2-2b)=(-2a)+2a=0 -b=-2 b=2
f(x) x=-2 x=2 2a=2 a=1
a+b=1+2=3
f(x)=xÜ`-3x+a 7 a
1 2 3
4 5
f(x)=xÜ`-3x+a f '(x)=3xÛ`-3=3(x+1)(x-1)
1 f(x) 3 a
f(x) x=-1 x=1
f(x) 7 f(-1)=-1+3+a=2+a=7 g(x)=|(x-a)f(x)| x=3
a=5 g(x) 32 f(4)
7 9 11
13 15
f(x)=xÜ`-9xÛ`+24x+a 10 a f(a)=0 f(x)=(x-a)(x-b) b
g(x) x=3 b=3
h(x)=(x-a)Û`(x-3) h'(x)=(x-a)(3x-6-a)
-12 -10 -8 6+a
h(x) x= -32
3
a 3`
{1- }3` =8
-6 -4
} =-32
a
-4{1- a=-3
f '(x)=3xÛ`-18x+24=3(x-2)(x-4) 3 3
x=2 10 f(x)=(x+3)(x-3) f(4)=7_1=7
f(2)=2Ü`-9_2Û`+24_2+a=10 a=-10
t x=t
y=xÝ`-4xÜ`+10x-30 y=2x+2 f(x) x=a
x
A B A B
f(x)Éf(a) f(x) x=a
f(t)
f(x)¾f(a) f(x) x=a
f(t+h)-f(t) f(t+h)-f(t)
lim _ lim É0
h Ú0+ h h Ú0- h
y=f(x)
t
-7 -3 1
5 9
f(t+h)-f(t) f(t+h)-f(t)
lim _ lim É0 x=t
h Ú0+ h h Ú0- h
0
y=f(t) t
t y=xÜ` (t tÜ`) y=x+6
-2 1-'3 1 1+'3 4
=-2+(1-'3)+1+(1+'3)+4=5 g(t)
g(t)
g(t) 0
g(t) t=2
a(3x-xÜ`) (x<0)
f(x)=[ 5 f(2)
xÜ`-ax (x¾æ0)
a
lim g '(t)<0 lim g '(t)>0 lim g '(t)+ lim g '(t)
5 7 9 t Ú2- t Ú2+ t Ú2- t Ú2+
g(t) t=2
11 13
a<0
ax('3+x)('3-x) (x<0)
f(x)=[
x(xÛ`-a) (x¾æ0)
f(x) -'3<x<0 5
(
-;2%;(3x-xÜ`) (x<0)
f(x)={ f(2)=2Ü`+;2%;_2=13
xÜ`+;2%;x (xæ¾0)
9
f(x)=xÜ`+3xÛ` a
M MÛ` 9
f(x)=xÜ`-(a+2)xÛ`+ax y=f(x)
(-4 a) y=f(x)
(t f(t)) y g(t) g(t)
(0 5) a
13
g(t)=-2tÜ`+(a+2)tÛ` f(x) x=-2 4
g'(t)=-6tÛ`+2(a+2)t=-2t(3t-a-2) x=0 0
g(t) 0<a<4
(0 5) t=0 2 1
a+2 a
t=
3
0<a<4
aæ¾13
a M=3
MÛ`=3Û`=9
f(x)
f(x)=;3!; xÜ`-xÛ`-3x x=a b
f(x) y=f(x) (2 f(2))

lim =1
x Ú¦ xÜ` l (a b) l d
x=-1 x=2 90dÛ` 16
(2 f(2)) l y=f '(2)(x-2)+f(2)=-3x-;3$;
f(3+h)-f(3-h) (3 -9) l 9x+3y+4=0 d

lim
h Ú0 h d=
|9_3+3_(-9)+4|
=
4
90dÛ`=16
"Ã9Û`+3Û` '¶90
8 12 16
20 24
f '(x)=3(x+1)(x-2)
f(3+h)-f(3-h)
lim =2f '(3)=2_3_4_1=24
h Ú0 h
1 f(0)=;2!; f(x)
g(x) f(x) x=a
g(x)=à
f(x) (x<-2) x=b
f(x)+8 (x¾-2)
O f(x) g(x)=f(-2) 2
y=f(x) x A f(x)
B f(x) C D
3 ;2&; 4
-2<a<b
;2(; 5 f(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`+bx+;2!; a b
f(2)+8=f(-2)
{8+4a+2b+;2!;}+8=-8+4a-2b+;2!; b=-6
f(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`-6x+;2!; f '(2)=0
f '(2)=12+4a-6=0 a=-;2#;
f(x)=xÜ`-;2#; xÛ`-6x+;2!;
f '(x)=3xÛ`-3x-6=3(x+1)(x-2)
D x ;2!; ADBC '3 f(-1)=-1-;2#;+6+;2!;=4
f(x)
x=a f(x)=xÜ`-axÛ`-100x+10
1 ;3$; ;3%;
a
'3
'2
19
2 f(x)=xÜ`-axÛ`-100x+10 f '(x)=3xÛ`-2ax-100
ABC BAD f '(a)=3aÛ`-2aÛ`-100<0
ABC= BAD aÛ`-100<0 jK (a+10)(a-10)<0
ADBC ='3 -10<a<10
ABC a -9 -8 y -1 0 1 y 8 9 19
=;2!; ADBC
'3
;2!;_'3_CHÓ= CHÓ=1
2
f(x) 1
fÁ(x) fª(x) t
k ( -xÛ`+3kx+2 (x<0)
f(x)=Ò 4 g(x)=2x+t
fÁ(0)=0 fª(0)=0 9 xÛ ` +
3k
x-2 (x¾0)
fi(x)+2kx h(t) h(t)

fi'(0)=lim (i=1 2)
x Ú0 fi(x)+kx t=a a 2 k
y=fÁ(x) y=fª(x) 150k 100
h(t) t=a a 2 k
;3@;
;2!; ;4!; 0 150k=150_;3@;=100
-;4!; -;2!;
ab=-1
a+b=1-k 5kÛ`+3(a+b)k-2=0
k=;2!;
1 f(x) x
f(-x)=-f(x) t
(t 0) (0 2t) (-t 0) (0 -2t)
1 f(x) y=f(x) g(t)
f(-1) f(0) f(1) f(2) g(t) t=a t=8 aÛ`_f(4)
y=f(x) (-1 f(-1)) a 0<a<8 240
f(x)=x(x-a)(x+a)(a a>0)
(2 f(2)) (k 0) f(2k)=20
f '(a)>2 y=f(x) 2 x
f(4k) k 42 b -b(a<b)
f(x)=x(x+1)(x-1)(x-2)+22x-2 g(t) t=a t=b a=a b=8
f(4k)=f {4_;2!;}=f(2)=22_2-2=42 f(x)=x(x-a)(x+a)=xÜ`-aÛ`x y=2x-16
y=f(x) x p(0<p<a)
pÜ`-aÛ`p=2p-16 y
f '(x)=3xÛ`-aÛ` f '(p)=3pÛ`-aÛ`=2
aÛ`=3pÛ`-2 y
pÜ`-(3pÛ`-2)p=2p-16 p=2 p
aÛ`=3_2Û`-2=10 f(x)=xÜ`-10x
aÛ`_f(4)=10_(4Ü`-10_4)=240
- f(x)>g(x)
f(x)>k
f(x)>g(x)
y=f(x) f(x) [a b]
f(x)
Ú f '(x) f '(x)=0 x
Û f(x)
[a b]
Ü f(x)
=
Ý y=f(x)
[a b] f(x) =
Ú (a b) f(x)
Û [a b] f(a) f(b)
Ü f(x) f(a) f(b)
f(x)=g(x)
f(x)-g(x)=0
h(x)=f(x)-g(x)
f(x)=g(x)
y=h(x) x
f(x)=0
y=f(x) x f(x)
f(x)=g(x) f '(x)
f '(x)=0 x
y=f(x) y=g(x) f '(x)
g(x)
g '(x) g(x)
f(x) f(x)=0
g '(x)=0
x g '(x)
_ <0 HK y=g '(x)
x
_ =0 HK
_ >0 HK 2
f(x) f(x)¾0
l(t) t=a
f(x) 0
l'(a)
S(t) t=a
S '(a)
f(x) g(x)
f(x)¾g(x) F(x)=f(x)-g(x)
F(x)¾0 t v(t)
|v(t)|=| f '(t)|
v(t)
v(t)>0
v(t)<0
P x t x=f(t) v(t)=0
dx dv
v(t)= =f '(t) a(t)= =v'(t)
dt dt
f(x)=2xÜ`-6xÛ`+4
x>0 2xÜ`-3xÛ`+3>0
f(x) f '(x) f '(x)=0
x f '(x)=6xÛ`-12x x=0 x=2
x¾0 xÜ`-4xÛ`-3x+18¾0
f(x) x xÝ`-4x+3¾0
f(x) 4 -4
y=f(x)
P t x
P
f(x)=xÜ`-6xÛ`+9x [0 2] 4 0
f(x)=3xÝ`-4xÜ`+1 [0 2] x=4t+6 t=3 4 0

17 0
f(x)=xÜ`-3x+1 [-1 3] 19 -1 x=tÛ`+6t+5 t=2 10 2
x=tÜ`-9tÛ`+2 t=1 -15 -12
f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`+3x-1 [0 2] 1 -1
P
f(x)=xÜ`+3xÛ`+1 [-3 2] 21 1 P t x x=-tÜ`+12t
f(x)=-xÝ`+;3$; xÜ`+1 [-1 1] ;3$; -;3$;
t=1
9 -6
P
2
xÜ`-3xÛ`-9x=0 3
xÜ`-3xÛ`-1=0 1
xÝ`+4x+2=0 2
t l l=3tÛ`+4t+2
t=3 22
xÜ`-3x-k=0
k t S S=(t+1)(2t+3)
t=2 13
-2<k<2
t V V=(2t+1)Ü`
k=-2 k=2
t=1 54
k>2 k<-2
1 4 f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`+8 M
m M+m
f(x) [a b] 28 32 36
f(x) f(a) f(b) 40 44
f(x) f(a) f(b) f(1)=1Ü`-3_1Û`+8=6 f(2)=2Ü`-3_2Û`+8=4
f(4)=4Ü`-3_4Û`+8=24
y y y y y y y y y
1 4 f(x)
f(a)f(a)
f(a)
f(b)f(b)
f(b) f(b)f(b)
f(b) M=f(4)=24 m=f(2)=4
f(b)f(b)
f(b) f(a)f(a)
f(a) M+m=24+4=28
f(a)f(a)
f(a)
O Oa Oa a b bx x O Oa Oa a
b x b bx x O Oa Oa a
b x b x
b bx x
-1 3 f(x)=xÜ`-6xÛ`+9x+6
f`'(x)=3(x-1)(x-3) f`'(x)=0
´ x=1 x=3
6 7 8
[a b] f(x) 9 10
f(a) f(b) x -1 y 1 y 3
f`'(x) + 0 - 0
f(x) -10 10 6
-1 3 f(x) x=1
10
-1 3 f(x)=xÜ`-3x+5
1 2 3 f(x) [a b]
4 5 f(x) f(a) f(b)
f '(x)=3xÛ`-3=3(x+1)(x-1) f(x) f(a) f(b)
f '(x)=0 x=-1 x=1
x -1 y 1 y 3 [a b] f(x)
f '(x) 0 - 0 + f(a) f(b)
f(x) 7 3 23
f(x) f(1)=3
[1 4] f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`+a
[-2 0] f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`-9x+8 M m M+m=20 a
13
f '(x)=3xÛ`-6x-9=3(x+1)(x-3) f '(x)=0 x
x=-1 x=3 1 2 3
4 5
x=-1
[-2 0] f(x) f(-1) f(x) M f(1) f(4) M=a+16
f(-1)=(-1)Ü`-3_(-1)Û`-9_(-1)+8 f(x) m f(2) m=a-4
=13 M+m=(a+16)+(a-4)=2a+12=20 2a=8 a=4
[0 3] f(x)=xÜ`-6xÛ`+9x+a 0 5 f(x)=xÜ`-9xÛ`+15x+a
12 a -15 a
15 16 17
2 4 6
18 19
8 10
f(x) 0 5 x=5 -15
f '(x)=3xÛ`-12x+9=3(x-1)(x-3)
f(5)=a-25=-15 a=10
f '(x)=0 x=1 x=3
f(1) 0 5 f(x)
f(x)
f(1)=a+7=17
x=1 f(1)=1-6+9+a=a+4
x=3 f(3)=27-54+27+a=a
f(0)=a f(3)=a [0 3] f(x)
f(1)=a+4
f(x) 12 k f(x)=2kxÜ`-3(3k+1)xÛ`+18x-2
a+4=12 a=8
[0 3] 12 k
[-2 2] f(x)=-xÜ`+3xÛ`+a f(x)

-4 a f '(x)=6kxÛ`-6(3k+1)x+18=6(kx-1)(x-3)
k= f(x)
16 18 20
22 24 ;3!;
Ú 0<kÉ
f(x)=-xÜ`+3xÛ`+a f '(x)=-3xÛ`+6x=-3x(x-2)
x=0 -4 f(0)=a=-4 0<x<3 f '(x)>0 f(x)
f(-2)=a+20=16 f(2)=a+4=0 [-2 2] [0 3] f(x)
f(x) f(-2)=16
=12 k
-27k+25
0<kÉ
Û k>
[0 3] f(x)
1
x 0 y y 3
k
f '(x) + + 0 - 0
f(x)
f(x)=xÛ`+2x+k g(x)=2xÜ`-9xÛ`+12x-2
1
( g½f )(x) 2 f(x) x=
k
k Ú Û f(x) [0 3]
9 5 12 k=
1 ;2!;
8 4
11 3 a b
8 2
(g½f)(x)=g( f(x)) f(x)=t t¾k-1
g(a)
g(k)
g(t) [k-1 ¦
b
g(t) 2 g(t)=2
24 26 28
2tÜ`-9tÛ`+12t-2=2
30 32
t=;2!; t=2
a=;3!; b=;2!; g(k)=-27k+25
(g½f)(x) 2 k
g{ 1 }
;2!;Ék-1É2 g(a) 3 -9+25
= = =32
b 1 1
;2#;ÉkÉ3 k ;2#; 2 2
a f(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`-aÛ`x+2 O(0 0) A(8 0)
B(8 8) C(0 8) OABC
[-a a] M ;2!7$;
8 PQRS
a+M 12
P (-1 -6)
f(x) f(-2) f(2)
y=-xÛ`+5x PQRS
f(2)=2Ü`+2_2Û`-4_2+2=10
f(-2)=(-2)Ü`+2_(-2)Û`-4_(-2)+2=10 OABC
f(x) 10 M=10
a+M=2+10=12 ;pQ; p+q
527 p q
x a(a>0)
(a -aÛ`+5a) a(-aÛ`+5a)=-aÜ`+5aÛ`
f(a)=-aÜ`+5aÛ` f '(a)=0 a a=0 a=;;Á3¼;;
a=;;Á3¼;; f(a)
500
=f {;;Á3¼;;}= 27 =;pQ; jK p=27 q=500 jK p+q=527
A(0 2) 0<t<2 O
y=2 P(t 2) OP
y B ABP f(t)
f(t) ;aB; '3 a+b 11
a b f(x) f(x)=0
f(t)=-;8!; tÜ`+;2!; t f '(t)=-;8!;('3t+2)('3t-2)
2 _ <0
0<t<2 f '(t)=0 t= f(t)
'3
}=;9@;'3= ;aB;'3 jK a=9 b=2
2
f{ a+b=11
'3 _ =0
_ >0
f(x) f(x)=k k
y=;2!; xÝ`-2xÜ`+8(x>0) f(x)-k

y=f(x) y=k
x y
16
f'(t) t=2 y= f(x)
f '(2)=2_2Ü`-6_2Û`=-8
-8 (2 0)
y=-8(x-2)=-8x+16
=;2!;_2_16=16
k xÜ`-12x+22-4k=0
;
10
f(x)=3xÜ`-xÛ`-3x g(x)=xÜ`-4xÛ`+9x+a f(k) `f(k) 13
k=1
f(x)=g(x)
xÜ`-12x+22=4k g(x)=xÜ`-12x+22
a x>0 y=g(x) y=4k
Á f(k)=0_1+2_4+1_5=13
10
6 7 8 k=1
9 10
f(x)=g(x) 2xÜ`+3xÛ`-12x=a
h(x)=2xÜ`+3xÛ`-12x
h(0)=0 y=h(x)
-7<a<0 a -6 -5 f(x)
y -1 6 g(x)
h(x) h(x)=f(x)-g(x)
2xÜ`-3xÛ`-12x+k=0
f(0)=g(0)
k
20 23 26
29 32
f(x)=2xÜ`-3xÛ`-12x f '(x)=6xÛ`-6x-12=6(x+1)(x-2)
0<x<2 h(x)
f(-1)=7 f(2)=-20
f(x)=-k 3 y=f(x) h(x) x=2
y=-k h(x)=0
-20<-k<7 -7<k<20
k -6 -5 y 18 19 26
h(x) x=0
xÜ`-xÛ`-8x+k=0 2 x=2 f(0)=g(0)
k 12 h(0)=0 y=h(x)
f(x)=xÜ`-xÛ`-8x f '(x)=3xÛ`-2x-8=(3x+4)(x-2) h(x)=0
2
f{-;3$;}=-;2^7$;-;;Á9¤;;+;;£3ª;;=;;Á2¦7¤;; f(2)=8-4-16=-12
f(x)=-k 2 y=f(x)
y=-k
-k=;;Á2¦7¤;; -k=-12 k=-;;Á2¦7¤;; k=12
k k=12
x ;3!; xÜ`-x=k a b
xÜ`-3xÛ`-9x-k=0 3
k c k |a|+|b|+|c| m
mÛ` 12
2 4 6 -'3Éa<-1<bÉ0 cæ¾'3
8 10
a b c ;3!; xÜ`-x=k xÜ`-3x-3k=0
f(x)=0
a+b+c=0 c=-a-b
f(x) >0 <0
|a|+|b|+|c|=-a-b+c=c+c =2cæ¾2'3 cæ¾'3)
f(x) f(-1)=-1-3+9-k=5-k>0 k<5
aÉ-'3<0Éb<1<cÉ'3
f(x) f(3)=27-27-27-k=-27-k<0
|a|+|b|+|c| 2'3
k>-27
mÛ`={g(0)}Û`=(2'3)Û`=12
-27<k<5
k 4
f(x) g(x) f(x)=x(x-a)(x-b) (0<a<b)
y=f '(x) y=g '(x) a b g(x)
x a b (0<a<b) h(x) g(x)=f(a)+(b-a)f '(x)
h(x)=f(x)-g(x) a<0 a<bf(a)
g(a)>f(b)
h(x) x=a
h(b)=0 h(x)=0
2
0<a<b0 f '(b)
x=b(a<b<b) f '(b)>0 f '(b)=0
f '(b)<0 g(b) f(a)
(0 b) x h'(x)<5
h(b)-h(a)
=h'(c)<5 h(b)-h(a)<5(b-a)
b-a
f(x)=0 4
f(x) >0 <0
f(x)=0
f(x)=2xÜ`-3(a+1)xÛ`+6ax
f(x) =0 =0
f(x)=0 a
n an
Á (bn-an)
10
a=an f(x) bn
n=1
160
f(x) _ <0
f(1)f(a)=-aÛ`(3a-1)(a-3)<0 a>3
an=n+3
bn=f(1)=3an-1=3(n+3)-1=3n+8
Á (bn-an)= Á (2n+5)=2_
10 10 10_11
+5_10=110+50=160
n=1 n=1 2
a b c f(x) a b f(x)=0
f '(x)
f '(x)=(x-a)(x-b)(x-c)
f '(a)=0 f(x) (x-a)Û`
a=b=c f(x)=0 f '(a)f '(b)=0 f(x)=0

a=b+c f(a)<0 f(x)=0
f '(a)f '(b)>0 f(x)=0
a<b<c f(b)<0 f(x)=0
g(a)g(b)<0 g(x)=0
[a b] f(x)=0
f '(x)=(x-a)(x-b)(x-c)
a=b=c f'(x)=(x-a)Ü`
y=f(x)
x f(x)=0 f(x)=0
f(x)
f(x)
f '(x)=x(x-2)(x-a) a
f '(a)=f '(b)=f '(c)=0 (a<b<c)
| f(x)|=f(0)
a b c
f(a)f(b)f(c)=0 f(x)=0 2
a=0 f(x)=0
f(a)f(b)f(c)>0 f(x)=0
0<a<2 f(a)>0 f(x)=0
f(a)+f(b)+f(c)<0 f(a)f(b)f(c)>0
| f(x)-f(2)| x=k
f(x)=0
k<0
f(a)+f(b)+f(c)<0 f(a)f(b)f(c)>0
0<a<2 f(a)>0 f(2)>0
f(a)<0 f(b)>0 f(c)<0
y=f(x)
f(x)=0 4
y=f(x) x
f(x)=0
1 f(x)
f(x)=0 g(0)=f(0)+| f '(0)| f '(0)=0
g(x)
f(x)=xÛ` (x-a) a
y=f(x) x g(x)=f(x)+| f '(x)|
f(x)=g(x) f(x) g(x)
y=f(x) y=g(x)
f(0)=g(0)=0
y=|`f(x)| y=f(|x|) |y|=f(x)
f(x)=0
|y|=f(|x|)
| f(x)|=4 3
f '(x)=2x(x-a)+xÛ`=x(3x-2a)
g(3)
f '(x)=0 x=0 x=;3@; a
9 10 11
12 13
f(0)=0 f{;3@; a}=-;2¢7;aÜ`
f(x) y=f '(x)
| f(x)|=4 3
y=| f(x)| y=4
y=4 y=| f(x)|
| f {;3@; a}|=4 ;2¢7;aÜ`=4 aÜ`=27 a=3
f(x)=xÛ`(x-3) f '(x)=x(3x-6)=3x(x-2)
g(x)=xÛ`(x-3)+|3x(x-2)| g(3)=0+|9|=9
f(x)=axÝ`+bxÛ`+c a b c
f(0)<0 | f(0)|<| f(2)|
f(0) f(2)¾0 | f(x)| x=a
a 2 f(x)=0 a b c
f(0)+ f(2)=0 | f(x)|=f(0) a<b<c)
4 f(1)=-;4#; f '(-1)=1
f(0)+f(2)=0 f(0)=-f(2) y=f(x)

y=|f(x)|
f(0)=0
|f(x)|=f(0) y=|f(x)| f '(a)=-4
y=f(0) 4 | f(x)|=k(x-a)
3 k ;2¥7;<k<4
y=| f(x)| y=k(x+2) 3

| f(x)|=k(x+2) 3
k ;2¥7;<k<4
y=xÜ`-3xÛ`+2x-3 y=2x+k
f(x)=;2!; xÜ`-;2(; xÛ`+10x
k
x 21
f(x)+| f(x)+x|=6x+k f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`-3-k f(x)=0
4 k
f(x) _ =0
21
(-3-k)(-7-k)=0 k=-3 k=-7
g(x)=f(x)+| f(x)+x|-6x h(x)=2f(x)-5x
k (-3)_(-7)=21
-7x (x<0)
g(x)=[
h(x) (x¾0)
h(x) x=1 h(1)=1-9+15=7 g(x)=k
4 0<k<7
k 1+2+3+4+5+6=21
f(x)=6xÜ`-x g(x)=|x-a|
a
f(x) g(x) y=f(x) y=g(x)
h(x)=f(x)-g(x) y=h(x)
x -;1!8!; -;9%; -;2!;
m n(m>n) m f(x) n g(x) -;9$; -;1¦8;

h(x)=f(x)-g(x) h(x) m
f '(x)=18xÛ`-1 (t 6tÜ`-t)
y=f(x)
18tÛ`-1=1 jK t=-;3!; t<0) 18tÛ`-1=-1 jK t=0
Ú f '(x) f '(x)=0 x
Û f(x) {-;3!; ;9!;} (0 0) y=x-a y=-x+a
Ü y=f(x) x y
a=-;9$; a=0
Ý y=f(x)
=-;9$;+0=-;9$;
f(x)=x(x-1)(ax+1) P(1 0)
f(x)=xÝ`-4x+a g(x)=-xÛ`+2x-a l l P
a y=f(x)
1 2 3 a
4 5 l P(1 0)
-1<a<-;3!; 0<a<1
f(x)=xÝ`-4x+a g(x)=-xÛ`+2x-a
1
xÝ`+xÛ`-6x+2a=0 y=- (x-1)
-;3!;<a<0
f '(1)
h(x)=xÝ`+xÛ`-6x+2a h'(x)=(x-1)(4xÛ`+4x+6) 0<a<1 1
=- (x-1)
x=1 h(x) a+1
h(1)=1+1-6+2a=0 a=2 -1<a<0 0<a<;3!; y=f(x)
1 (x-1)
;3!;<a<1
-
-1<a<0 a+1
=x(x-1)(ax+1)
y=4xÜ`-12x+7 y=k 2 -2<a<-;3!; ;3!;<a<2

k 15 (x-1){axÛ`+x+ 1 }=0 a(a+1)xÛ`+(a+1)x+1=0 a+-1)
a+1
f(x)=4xÜ`-12x+7 f '(x)=12xÛ`-12=12(x+1)(x-1)
f(x) x=-1 f(-1)=-4+12+7=15 a+0 D=(a+1)Û`-4a(a+1)>0 jK a+0 (a+1)(3a-1)<0
x=1 f(1)=4-12+7=-1 a -1<a<0 0<a<;3!;
y=f(x) x y=k
k=-1 k=15
k k=15
y=f(x) (a b)
f(x)>k
Ú (a b) y=f(x)
x>a f(x)>k k
(t f(t)) f '(t)
x>a f(x) >k
(t f(t))
x>a f(x) f(a)¾k
y-f(t)=f '(t)(x-t) y
Û y-f(t)=f '(t)(x-t) (a b) (a b) f(x)>0
t f(x) (a b) f(b)¾0
ÜÛ t f(x) (a b) f(a)¾0
(a b) f(x) f(x) >0
x f(x)>0
y=f(x) x
f(x) >0
y=xÜ`-3xÛ`+k A{;3!; 0}
x xÝ`-4x-aÛ`+a+9¾0
2 k
a
;2ª7; ;2°7; ;2¥7; 6 7 8

9 10
;2!7); ;2!7#; x f(x)¾0
g(t)=2tÜ`-4tÛ`+2t-k g(t) 0 f(1)¾0 -aÛ`+a+6¾0 aÛ`-a-6É0
(a+2)(a-3)É0 -2ÉaÉ3
k=0 k=;2¥7; a
-2 -1 0 y 3 6
k 0+;2¥7;=;2¥7;
y=xÜ`+3xÛ`+2x (0 a)
3 a y=f(x) (a f(a))
y=g(x) h(x)=f(x)-g(x)
-2<a<0 -1<a<0 0<a<;2!;
0<a<1 0<a<;2#;
g(t)=-2tÜ`-3tÛ` y=g(t) y=a
h(xÁ)=h(xª) xÁ
-1<a<0 xª
h(x) x=a
|h(x)|<;10!0;
y=xÜ`-3xÛ`+2 (a 2)
2 a
1 2 3 y=f(x) (a f(a))
4 5 y=f '(a)(x-a)+f(a)
2tÛ`-3(a+1)t+6a=0 y 0 t=0 y=g(x) g(x)=f '(a)(x-a)+f(a)
h(x)=f(x)-g(x) h(x)=f(x)-f '(a)(x-a)-f(a)
Ú 0 a=3 a=;3!; h'(x)=f '(x)-f '(a) h'(a)=f '(a)-f '(a)=0
h(x) x=a
Û t=0 a=0
Ú Û a 0 ;3!; 3 3
x¾0 x a
f(x)=2xÜ`-6xÛ`+a f '(x)=0
2xÜ`-6xÛ`+a¾0 6x(x-2)=0 x=0 x=2
f(x)=-xÝ`-2xÜ`-xÛ` g(x)=3xÛ`+a
a a 34
1ÉaÉ8 3ÉaÉ7 6ÉaÉ12 Ú f(x)É12x+k

x
a¾8 aÉ9 f(x)-12xÉk
f(x)É12x+kÉg(x) h(x)=f(x)-12x
x¾0 f(x) x=2
f(2)=16-24+a=a-8 k 3
x¾0 x
h(x) x=-2
a-8¾0 a¾8
h(-2)=-(-2)Ý`-2_(-2)Ü`-(-2)Û`-12_(-2)=20
f(x)É12x+k k k¾20
Û g(x)¾12x+k k kÉa-12
f(x)>g(x) Ú Û k 20ÉkÉa-12
k 3 22Éa-12<23 34Éa<35
x>a f(x)¾g(x) a 34
f(x) g(x) h(x)=f(x)-g(x) + +

x>a h(x) ¾0
x>a h(x) h(a)¾0
x h(x)>0 f(x)=axÜ`+bxÛ`+cx+d`(a>0)
y=h(x) x
f '(x)=0
f(x) >0 f '(x)=0 a f '(x)=0
a b
y=f'(x)
y=f'(x)
y=f '(x) y=f '(x)y=f'(x)
y=f'(x)
y=f'(x)
y=f'(x)
y=f'(x)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
a a ab
- - -xb bx x a a ax x x a a ax x x
y=f(x)
y=f(x)
y=f(x)
f(x)=xÜ`+3xÛ`-k g(x)=2xÛ`+3x-10 y=f(x) y=f(x)
y=f(x)
y=f(x) y=f(x)
y=f(x)
f(x)¾3g(x)
[-1 4] k
3
h(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`-9x+30
h(x) x=-1 h(-1)=-1-3+9+30=35
x=3 h(3)=27-27-27+30=3
[-1 4] h(x)¾k k kÉ3 k
3
1 f(x)
f(x)=xÜ`-x+6 g(x)=xÛ`+a
f(x) 4
x¾0 x
f(x)¾g(x)
x f '(x)=f '(-x)
a
f(x) x=1 0
1 2 3
f(x) x=1 x=-1
4 5
h(x)=f(x)-g(x) f(x) f(-1)=(-1)Ü`-3(-1)+2=4
h(x)=xÜ`-x+6-(xÛ`+a)=xÜ`-xÛ`-x+6-a
x¾0 x
h(x) 0 5-a¾0 aÉ5
a 5
a>0 a f(x)=|(xÛ`-9)(x+a)| f(x)
x f(x)
Ú 0<a<3
f(x) x=-3 x=-a x=3 x=-2
f '(-3)= f '(3)
32 34 36
38 40
Û a=3
f(x) x=3
Ü a>3
f '(x) x=0
f(x) x=-a x=-3 x=3
f(x)=f(2)
Ú Ü a=3 y=f(x) (-1 f(-1))
g(x)=(xÛ`-9)(x+3) g(x) x=1
(2 f(2))
g(1)=(1-9)_(1+3)=-32
f(x) x=1 f(1)=|-32|=32
y=f(x)
f(x) x=-2 x=2
y=f(x) y=f(2)
f(x)=f(2)
x f(-x)=-f(x)
f(1)=5
1<f '(1)<7
y=f(x) m mÛ`
x f(-x)=-f(x) 32
f(x)=axÜ`+bx(a b a+0)
f(x)=-xÜ`+6x
f '(x)=-3xÛ`+6=0 x=Ñ'2 f(x) x='2
f('2)
m=f('2)=-2'2+6'2=4'2 jK mÛ`=32
f(x) f(2)
f(x) 1
f(x)=xÜ`-3pxÛ`+q f(0)=f '(0)
25 p q (p q) xææ¾æ-1 x f(x)¾æf '(x)
14
28 33 38
| f(x)| x=a 43 48
a 5 g(x)=f(x)-f '(x)
g(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`+bx+b-(3xÛ`+2ax+b)
[-1 1] | f(x)| =xÜ`+(a-3)xÛ`+(b-2a)x y
[-2 2] | f(x)| g '(0)=0 g '(x)=3xÛ`+2(a-3)x+b-2a
g '(0)=b-2a=0 b=2a y
f(x)=0 g(-1)=-1+a-3ææ¾0 aæ¾æ4 y
f(x) f(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`+2ax+2a
0<q<4pÜ` y f(2)=8+4a+4a+2a=10a+8
| f(-1)|Éq | f(1)|Éq | f(-2)|Éq f(2)=10a+8ææ¾10_4+8=48
| f(2)|Éq 6p+4Éq y f(2) 48
6p+4Éq<4pÜ`
p q (p q) 10+4=14
1 y=f(x)
f(x)=axÝ`+bxÜ`+cxÛ`+dx+e`(a>0)
f '(x)=0 f '(x)=0 a b f(2+x)=f(2-x)

a b c x=1
y=fy=f'(x)
y=f'(x) '(x) y=f '(x) y=f'(x)
y=f'(x) y=f'(x) y=f'(x)
y=f'(x)
a + a +a c++ c +c + a +a + +b +
b +
a b + b b ab + a +a +
- -b --b - bx - x x- - - x x -x - -
- - - x x x f(x) a aÛ` 64
` 1 f(x)=xÝ`+bxÜ`+cxÛ`+dx
f(2+x)=f(2-x) x=2 x=1
y=f(x) y=f(x)
y=f(x)
y=f(x) y=f(x)
y=f(x) y=f(x) y=f(x)
y=f(x) x=3 x=2
f '(x)=0 1 2 3
f '(x)=0 a f '(x)=0 a f (x)=xÝ`-8xÜ`+22xÛ`-24x
f(x) x=2
a=f(2)=-8
y=f'(x)
y=f'(x)
y=f'(x) y=f'(x)
y=f'(x)
y=f'(x) y=f'(x)
y=f'(x)
y=f '(x)
aÛ`=64
a a+ a+ + a +a +a + + + + a +a +a +
- - - x x x- - - x x -x - -- - - x x x
y=f(x)
y=f(x)
y=f(x) `
y=f(x)
y=f(x)
y=f(x)
y=f(x)
y=f(x) y=f(x)
1 f(x)
1 f(x)
g(x)=|f(x)|
g(x) x=1 g(1)=g'(1)

f '(0)=0 f '(2)=16
g(x) x=-1 x=0 x=1
k (-¦ 0) (0 k)
f '(x)<0
g(2)
2 4 6
8 10
y=g(x)
f '(x)=0 (0 2) f(x) 1
f(x)=x(x+1)(x-1)2
g(x)=|x(x+1)(x-1)2|
f(x) g(2)=|2_3_12|=6
f(0)=0 x f(x)¾-;3!;
f '(x)=0 4xÛ`(x-1)=0
x=0 x=1
y=f(x)
f(x) x=1
f(x) p q f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`-9x-12
g(x)
p+q
f '(x)=0 a b c(a<b<c)
f(a)f(b)f(c)<0 x xg(x)=|xf(x-p)+qx|
g(x) x=a a
1
f(x) x=b
f(x)=0 6 7 8
f(a)>0 f(x)=0 b 9 10
f(x) x=-1 f(-1)=-1-3+9-12=-7
x=3 f(3)=27-27-27-12=-39
| f(x-p)+q| (x>0)
g(x)=[
-| f(x-p)+q| (x<0)
x=0 g(x) g(0)=lim g(x)
x Ú0
y=f(a)>0 b
g(0)=0
g(0)=0 g(x) x=a
a 1 p q p=1 q=7
p+q=1+7=8
f(x) y
-1 1 x f(x)
f(-x)=f(x)
f'(-x)=-f'(x) f'(0)=0
f(x)
x f(-x)=-f(x)
f(-x)=-f(x)
lim f(x)=f(1)=-1 lim f(x)=1
f(0)=0 f '(-x)=f '(x) x Ú1- x Ú1+
f(x) f(a-x)=f(b+x) x+1 x f '(x)<0

a+b
f(x) x=
2
f(x) y=x
f(x) x
f(x) g(x) h(x)=f(x)g(x) f '(a)=-1 a
x=a b f(a)g(a)=b f '(a)g(a)+f(a)g'(a)=0
f(x)=[
-x |x|É1)
f(x) g(x) x ;[!; |x|>1)

x
g(x)=(xÜ`+2)f(x)
g(x) x=1 24
f(1)-f '(1) 16
g '(x)=3xÛ`f(x)+(xÜ`+2)f '(x)
g(1)=3f(1)=24 f(1)=8
g '(1)=3f(1)+3f '(1)=3_8+3f '(1)=0 f '(1)=-8
f(1)-f '(1)=8-(-8)=16
f(x) P t(t¾0) x
x=2tÜ`-ktÛ` k
t=1 P t=k
x y P 30
f(x-y)=f(x)-f(y)+xy(x-y) dx
v= =6tÛ`-2kt
dt
f '(0)=8 6-2k=0 k=3
dv
v=6tÛ`-6t a= =12t-6
dt
f(x) x=a x=b t=k=3 P 12_3-6=30
aÛ`+bÛ` 16
f(x+h)-f(x)
f '(x)=lim =(2'2+x)(2'2-x)
h Ú0 h
f(x) x=a x=b
a=2'2 b=-2'2 aÛ`+bÛ`=8+8=16
P t(t¾0) x
x=tÜ`-3tÛ`+at a
P t=3 15 a
6
dx
v= =3tÛ`-6t+a
P t x=f(t) dt
P t=3 15
t P v(t) a(t)
3_3Û`-6_3+a=15
dx dv(t)
v(t)= =f '(t) a(t)= =v'(t) 27-18+a=15
dt dt
a=6
v(t)
|v(t)|
0
P t(t>0) x
x=tÜ`-5tÛ`+6t
t=3 P 8
P x x=tÜ`-5tÛ`+6t v v=3tÛ`-10t+6
P t t>0 x
a a=6t-10
x=tÜ`-12t+k` k t=3 P 6_3-10=8
P k
10 12 14
16 18
v(t)=3(t+2)(t-2) 3(t+2)(t-2)=0 t=2 t>0)
P t=2 P
0=2Ü`-12_2+k k=16
P t(t¾0) x
x=-;3!; tÜ`+3tÛ`+k k
P t(t¾0) v(t) P 0 P 40 k
v(t)=-tÛ`+10t t=a P 0 22
a dx
P t(t¾0) v v= =-tÛ`+6t
dt
4 5 6 dv
P t(t¾0) a a= =-2t+6
dt
7 8
P 0 t -2t+6=0 t=3
v'(t)=-2t+10 v'(a)=-2a+10=0 a=5
t=3 P 40 -;3!;_3Ü`+3_3Û`+k=40
k=22
P t(t¾0) x P t x
x=-tÛ`+6t P 2 P x=tÜ`-4tÛ`-3t+4 P
t
1 2 3
8 :Á2¦: 9
4 5
:Á2»:
dx
10 v(t)=
dt
=3tÛ`-4_2t-3=3tÛ`-8t-3
dx P 0 3tÛ`-8t-3=0
=-2t+6
dt
-2t+6=2 t=2 (3t+1)(t-3)=0 t=-;3!; t=3
t=2 P t>0 t=3
-2Û`+6_2=8
P t (t¾0) x
x=tÜ`-6tÛ`+5
P 0 P
-12 -10 -8
P t x=f(t)
-6 -4
dx dv
t P v(t) a(t)
v a v= =3tÛ`-12t y a= =6t-12
dt dt dx
t P 0 a=6t-12=0 t=2
v(t)= =f '(t)
dt
t=2 P v=3_2Û`-12_2=-12
dv(t)
a(t)= =v'(t)
dt
A B t vA vB
P t
x(t) x(t)=tÜ`-8tÛ`+5t P A B vAvB<0
A B vAvB>0
A B vA=vB
-14 -7 0
7 14
dx dv
v(t)= =3tÛ`-16t+5 a(t)= =6t-16
dt dt
P t=;3!;
P Q t
a{;3!;}=6_;3!;-16=-14
f(t)=2tÛ`-2t g(t)=tÛ`-8t P Q
t
P t(t¾0) x ;2!;<t<4 1<t<5 2<t<5

x=tÜ`-5tÛ`+at+5
;2#;<t<6 2<t<8
P a
P Q f '(t) g '(t)
f '(t)g '(t)=(4t-2)(2t-8)<0
9 10 11 4(2t-1)(t-4)<0 ;2!;<t<4
12 13
v(t)=3tÛ`-10t+a=3{t-;3%;}2`+a-;;ª3°;;¾0
25 25
a- ¾0 a¾
3 3
a 9
P Q t(t¾0)
xÁ xª t h(t)
t v(t)
xÁ=tÜ`-2tÛ`+3t xª=tÛ`+12t
a(t)
P Q P Q
dh(t)
27 v(t)= =h'(t)
dt
vÁ(t)=3tÛ`-4t+3 vª(t)=2t+12
dv(t)
3tÛ`-4t+3=2t+12 t=3 t¾0) a(t)= =v'(t)
dt
t=3 xÁ=27-18+9=18 xª=9+36=45
P Q P Q
t h(t)
PQÓ=|18-45|=27
h'(t)=0
h(t)=0
O P Q
6`m
t xÁ xª
t h(t)`m
xÁ=2tÜ`-9tÛ` xª=tÛ`+8t
h(t)=-tÛ`+5t+6
PQ M P Q
(m/s)
4 P Q M
3 4 5
a b c a+b+c
6 7
1 2 3 t h(t)=-tÛ`+5t+6 h'(t)=-2t+5
t=6
4 5
h'(6)=-2_6+5=-7 |h'(6)|=7
dxÁ dxª dx£
=6t(t-3) =2(t+4) =(3t-2)(t-2)
dt dt dt
a+b+c=1+0+2=3
20`m
P Q t
t h(t)`m
h(t)=-5tÛ`+10t+20
p(t)=-tÜ`+2tÛ`+3at q(t)=-btÛ`+t-1
(m)
t=1 P Q t=2 P
Q a b b-a 25 30 35
40 45
-3 -1 0
0
1 3 h'(t)=0 -10t+10=0 10t=10 t=1
p(1)=q(1) -1Ü`+2_1Û`+3a_1=-b_1Û`+1-1
3a+b=-1 y h(1)=-5_1Û`+10_1+20=25`(m)
p'(t)=-3tÛ`+4t+3a q'(t)=-2bt+1
p'(2)=q'(2) -3_2Û`+4_2+3a=-2b_2+1
3a+4b=5 y
a=-1 b=2
b-a=2-(-1)=3
10`m b`m v(t)
t x`m P
x=atÛ`+bt+10 t(0ÉtÉ5) 4
O 1 2 3 5 t
v(t)
6 28`m
10 (m)
12 14 16
P
18 20
t x=-;2!; tÛ`+6t+10
1<t<2 P
t=10
t P a(t) a(3)<0
0<t<3 v(t)>0 3<t<5 v(t)<0
-;2!;_10Û`+6_10+10=20(m) P t=3
P t v(t) 1<t<2 v(t) P v'(t)=0
v(t) t t=a t=a t P a(t)=v'(t) v'(3)<0

a(3)<0
v(t) P t=a
v(t) t=a v'(a)
P t=a
P t v(t)
P t v(t)
v(t) t=2
v(t) v(t) P
(0 3)
v(t) v(t) P
v(t)
(0 1) (1 k)
P t a(t)
v(t)
P t
v(t) c
O a b d t
0<tk
1Ét<2 v'(t)=0
2<t<3 v'(t)=-k
a(t)
P t x(t)
P t x(t) P 0
x(t) t
x(t) t P
x(t)
x(t) t=a x'(a)

P t=a P O 3 5 t
P t x(t)
2 ;3&; ;3*;
x(t) x'(t)>0
x(t) x'(t)<0 3 ;;Á3¼;;
P t x(t) x(t) t t=0 t=3 t=5
x'(t)>0 P x(t)=kt(t-3)(t-5)=k(tÜ`-8tÛ`+15t)(k>0)
x'(t)=0 P P v(t) a(t)
v(t)=x'(t)=k(3tÛ`-16t+15) a(t)=v'(t)=k(6t-16)
x'(t)<0 P
a(t)=0 k(6t-16)=0 6t-16=0 6t=16 t=;3*;
P 0 ;3*;
x(t)
3
P t
x(t) P Q t
a e
O b c d t
f(t) g(t) y=f(t) y=g(t)
-2
y
t=a t=c P y=g(t)
P
y=f(t)
x'(b)
O a b c d t
0ÉtÉe P t=e
0<t<d P Q
b<t<d P Q
t=c |x(t)| P t=c
t=b P Q
b<t<d f '(t)<0 g'(t)>0 b<t<d P Q

20 ABCD P
t l S V A AB 2 B Q
t B P BC 3
Út
C DPBQ ABCD
Ût
dl ;2!0!; PBQ
dt
18
dS
dt
dV
dt
ÜÛ t
t=a
t
S(t)=;2!;_PBÓ_BQÓ=;2!;_(20-2t)_3t=30t-3tÛ`
t S'(t)=30-6t
S'(2)=30-6_2=18
12'3
3'3
24'3
ap a 36
9 cm 4 cm
0.2 cm 0.3 cm
9p
S(t)=p{r(t)}Û`= (t+4)Û`
4
S'(4)=36p=ap a=36 cmÛ`
9.5 10 10.5
11 11.5
S(t)=(9+0.2t)(4+0.3t)=36+3.5t+0.06tÛ`
t=50
S'(50)=3.5+0.12_50=9.5(cmÛ`
Ú f(-1)¾f(a)
f(t) (t<-1)
g(t)=[
f(-1) (tæ¾-1)
f(x)=-3xÝ`+4(a-1)xÜ`+6axÛ` (a>0) t t x
xÉt f(x) g(t) g(t) (x-1){xÛ`(x-3)-t}=0
a f(t) g(x)
1 2 3 g(x)
4 5 lim =0
x Ú¦ xÝ
g(t)
Û f(-1)<f(a) g(-3)=6
f(x)=f(-1) -1 a b g(t)
( f(t) (t<-1)
\ f(-1) (-1ÉtÉa) f(t)g(t) g(1)
g(t)={
\
f(t) (a<t<a)
9 f(a) (tæ¾a) 22 24 26
t=a g(t)
f(-1)¾æf(a) f(a)-f(-1)=aÝ`+2aÜ`-2a-1É0 28 30
(a-1)(a+1)Ü`É0 0<aÉ1 a>0) f(t) t=-4 t=-2 t=0
f(t)g(t) t=-4 t=-2 t=0
g(-4)=g(-2)=g(0)=0
f(x) g(x) g(x)
lim =0 g(x) 4
x Ú¦ xÝ`
| f(x)|=à
g(x) g(x)=ax(x+2)(x+4)(a+0)
g(x)-4x-26 (xÉa)
-3a_(-3+2)_(-3+4)=6 a=2
g(x)+2xÜ`-14xÛ`+12x+6 (x>a) g(x)=2x(x+2)(x+4) g(1)=2_1_3_5=30
f(x)+a(x-k)Û`=0
k 11
a
h(x)=0 k f(x)=xÜ`-kx+6 g(x)=2xÛ`-2
1 2 3 5
k
1+2+3+5=11
k=0 f(x)+g(x)=0
f(x)-g(x)=0
2 k 4
| f(x)|=g(x)
k f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`+6x+k 5 k
g(x) 4f '(x)+12x-18=( f ' ç g)(x)
0 1 k m
M mÛ`+MÛ` 65
Ú g(x)=2x k -7ÉkÉ0 | f(x)|=g(x) |xÜ`-kx+6|=2xÛ`-2

Û g(x)=-2x+2 k -8ÉkÉ1 xÜ`+2xÛ`+4=kx xÜ`-2xÛ`+8=kx
Ú Û k -8ÉkÉ1 m=-8 M=1 hÁ(x)=xÜ`+2xÛ`+4 hª(x)=xÜ`-2xÛ`+8
mÛ`+MÛ`=(-8)Û`+1Û`=65 y=hÁ(x) y=7x x=1
y=hª(x) y=4x x=2
k y=kx y=hÁ(x)
y=hª(x) 4
| f(x)|=g(x) 5
k
f(x) t y=f(x) 1 f(x) t
y=-x+t g(t) (t -1) P P y=f(x)
(a f(a))
f(a)+1=f '(a)(a-t) a
f(x)=xÜ` g(t) 6 -2<t<k
f(x) g(1)=2 g(t)=3 t
f(8) k -2 39
a 6
g(t) f(x)
f(6)+1=f '(6)(6-t) -2<t<k t
f '(6)=0 f(6)=-1
f(x)=(x-6)Û`(x-m)-1 m
k>-2 k a 6
-2<t<k
y=f(x) (-2 -1)
f(x)=axÜ`+bxÛ`+cx+d a>0 b c d
g(t) t m=-2
axÜ`+bxÛ`+cx+d=-x+t 1 f(x)=(x-6)Û`(x+2)-1
y=axÜ`+bxÛ`+(c+1)x+d f(8)=(8-6)Û`(8+2)-1=39
DÁ
4 =bÛ`-3a(c+1)=bÛ`-3ac-3aÉ0
Dª
f '(x)=3axÛ`+2bx+c 4 =bÛ`-3ac f(x)
DÁ
a=2 b=3 c=1 4 =3Û`-3_2_1-3_2=-3É0 ( f½f)(x)=x 0 1 a 2 b
Dª f '(1)<0 f '(2)<0 f '(0)-f '(1)=6
4 =3Û`-3_2_1=3>0 f '(x)=0
f(x) g(t) f(5) 1<a<2<b) 40
f(x) f(x)=pxÜ`+qxÛ`+rx+s(p q r s p>0) f(0)=s=0
f(1)=p+q+r+s=p+q+r=2 y
f(2)=8p+4q+2r+s=8p+4q+2r=1 y
1 f(x) f '(0)-f '(1)=r-(3p+2q+r)=6
-1 g(x) 3p+2q=-6 y
p=1 q=-;2(; r=;;Á2Á;;

y=f(x) (0 0)
f(x)=xÜ`-;2(; xÛ`+;;Á2Á;;x
y=g(x) (2 0) x
225
f(5)=125- +;;°2°;;=40
(2 0) y=f(x) 2 2
f(x)=g(x) 1 f(x) 2
g(x)
x>0 x
g(x)Ékx-2Éf(x) f(a)=g(a) f '(a)=g '(a)=-16 a
k a b
a-b=a+b'2 aÛ`+bÛ` a b f '(b)=g '(b)=16 b
5
g(x)=-(x-2)Û` f(x)=xÜ` g(b+1)-f(b+1) 243
h(x)=(x-a)Û` {x- }
x>0 x 3b-a
h(x)=f(x)-g(x)
2
g(x)Ékx-2Éf(x)
g '(a)=-16 g '(b)=16 a-b=-8
y=g(x) y=kx-2
g(b+1)-f(b+1)=-h(b+1)=-(b+1-a)Û` {b+1- }
3b-a
y=f(x)
2
y=kx-2
a-b
k (0 -2) =-(a-b-1)Û` { +1}
2
y=f(x) k
=-(-8-1)Û` {
-8
+1}
(0 -2) y=g(x) 2
4-2'2ÉkÉ3 =243
a=3 b=4-2'2 a-b=3-(4-2'2 )=-1+2'2
aÛ`+bÛ`=(-1)Û`+2Û`=5
f(x) l m n
f '(0) 2 1 l A m
M m Mm
f(0) B n C
x-y={4-;2!;t}-{tÛ`-;;Á2Á;;t+10}=-{t-;2%;}2`+;4!;
|f(x)| x=-1
f(x)=0 [3 5]
;1Á5; ;1Á0; ;1ª5;

C z
;6!; ;5!; z=;2#; tÛ`-8t+13
f(x)=a(x+1)(x-b)Û` a b a+0 3ÉbÉ5) A B t(tÉ8)
f(0)=abÛ` f '(0)=abÛ`-2ab=ab(b-2)
f '(0) ab(b-2) x=4-;2!; t y=tÛ`-;;Á2;Á ; t+10
= =1-;b@;
f(0) abÛ`
f '(0)
3ÉbÉ5 ;3!;É1-;b@;É;5#; ;5#; ;3!;
f(0)
M=;5#; m=;3!; Mm=;5#;_;3!;=;5!;
t=;2%;
a 1 f(x) A C 3
g(x) 2<t<3 C 1
x
|x(x-2)|g(x)=x(x-2)(| f(x)|-a)
g(x) x=0 x=2 C v=
dz
=3t-8 C
dt
dv
a= =3
g(3a) 108 dt
| f(x)|-a (x<0 x>2)
g(x)=[
-| f(x)|+a (0ÉxÉ2)
f(x)=xÜ`+pxÛ`+qx+a p q f '(0)=q=0
f '(2)=12+4p+q=0 4p=-12 p=-3 60ù
f(2)=-a 8-12+a=-a 2a=4 a=2
f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`+2
g(3a)=g(6)=| f(6)|-2=110-2=108 0.5 m
21 m
1 f(0)=3 f '(3)<0
t
f(x) t S
h(t)
S={a| | f(x)-t| x=a }
h(t)=21-5tÛ`(m)
S g(t) g(t)
t=3 t=19 f(-2)
147
t=3 t=19 a=3 b=19
-20 m -17 m -15 m
3 19 f(0)=3 f '(3)<0
f(x)=xÛ`(x-k)Û`+3 -12 m -10 m
sm
f {;2K;}=
kÛ` kÛ`
_ +3=19 k=4
4 4
jK s=1
OAÓ 0.5
sin OBA)= sin 30ù=
f(x)=xÛ`(x-4)Û`+3 f(-2)=147 OBÓ s
1=21-5tÛ` t=2
t=2 h'(2)
h'(2)=-20(m
춤을 좋아하는 사람들이 모여 함께 즐기는
JDA(제이다)는 제일 좋아서 제이다 !
y=xÇ` F'(x)=f(x)
n :`f(x)dx=F(x)+C C
:`xÇ`dx=
1
xn+1+C C C
n+1 C
: 1dx=x+C C
:`][
d
: (ax+b)ndx
f(x)]dx=f(x)+C C
:[ : f(x)dx
dx d d
f(x)]dx+
dx dx
[:`]f(x)dx]=f(x)
d 1
= (ax+b)n+1+C
dx a(n+1)
C
f(x) a b f(x)
F(x) :Ab`f(x)dx=[F(x)]bA=F(b)-F(a)
:Ab` f(x)dx=:Aa` f(x)dx=0

f(x)=f(-x)
a=b y
:Ab` f(x)dx=-:Ba` f(x)dx

y
a+b y=xÝ`+xÛ`+1
f(x)=-f(-x)
a b c
:_aA f(x)dx=2:)a` f(x)dx
f(x) y
y=xÞ`+xÜ`+x
f(x) g(x)
:Ab`kf(x)dx=k:Ab` f(x)dx
:_aA f(x)dx=0
f(x)
k
:Ab`{ f(x)Ñg(x)}dx=:Ab` f(x)dxÑ:Ab`g(x)dx
:Ab` f(x)dx=:Ac``f(x)dx+:Cb``f(x)dx f(t) a b

f(t)
F(t) a x(a<x<b)
:A/``f(t)dt=[F(t)]/A=F(x)-F(a)
:A/` f(t)dt=f(x) :? f(t)dt=f(x+a)-f(x)

d d x+a
:A/``f(t)dt=
dx dx d d
{F(x)-F(a)}
dx dx
a b
f(x)=g(x)+:Ab` f(t)dt
=F'(x)=f(x)
f(x)
:Ab` f(t)dt=k y
f(t) a b
f(x)=g(x)+k f(t)
:A/` f(t)dt=g(x)
F(t) a x(a<x<b)
f(x)
:A/``Ñ`à``f(t)dt=[F(t)]A`/ `Ñ`à``
:A/` f(t)dt=g(x) x
=F(x+a)-F(a)
:Aa` f(t)dt=0
lim 1 :A/``Ñ `à `f(t)dt
x Ú0 x
F(x+a)-F(a)
=lim =F'(a)
lim ;[!;:A :A/`f(t)dt=f(a)

x Ú0 x
x+a
1 =f(a)
f(t)dt=f(a) lim
x Ú0 x Úa x-a
:`3dx 3x+C :_1@`(3xÛ`+4x)dx+:_1@`(-2x+1)dx 9
:`(-x+7)dx -;2!;xÛ`+7x+C :_2!`|x|dx ;2%;
:`xÜ`â`dx xÜ`Ú`
31
+C :_0!`(3xÛ`+1)dx+:)2`(3xÛ`+1)dx 12
:`(4xÛ`+3x-8)dx
:_1!(xÜ`+xÛ`-x-1)dx
;3$;xÜ`+;2#;xÛ`-8x+C
-;3$;
:`(x+1)(x-1)dx ;3!;xÜ`-x+C
:`(2xÛ`+3x+1)dx+:`(-2xÛ`+x-1)dx 2xÛ`+C
f(x)
xÛ`f(x)=6xÝ`-xÜ`+2:!/`tf(t)dt
f'(x)=3xÛ`+2x-1, f(0)=2 f(x)=xÜ`+xÛ`-x+2 x f(x)
(1 -1) y=f(x) (x f(x))

5xÝ`+4x f(-1) 11
f(x) f(x)=xÞ`+2xÛ`-4
x f(x)
x xf(x)=;3@;xÜ`+:!/`f(t)dt
:`(x+1)f(x)dx=;4!;xÝ`+x+C f(3) :ª3¤:
f(x) C f(x)=xÛ`-x+1
x f(x)
:)/`(t-1)f(t)dt=;3!;xÜ`-x
f(x)=3xÛ`+5x+2
:`[ `f(x)]dx
3xÛ`+5x+2 3xÛ`+5x+C f(1) 2
d d
[:`f(x)dx]
dx dx
:_1@`4xdx :!/`f(t)dt
1
-6 f(x)=xÜ`+1 lim 2
x Ú1 x-1
:!3`(4x+1)dx 18
lim;h!;:!
1+h
(xÛ`+2x-1)dx 2
h Ú0
:)1`(6xÛ`-2x+1)dx
lim;[!;:)/`f(t)dt
2
f(x)=(x-1)Ü` -1
:)2`(x+1)(x+2)dx
x Ú0
;;£3¥;;
f(x)
f(x)=:`(3x2+2)dx
k :`kdx=kx+C` C f(0)=1 f(2) 13
:`xÇ`dx=
1 f(x)=:`(3xÛ`+2)dx=xÜ`+2x+C(C
n xn+1+C`
n+1
f(0)=1 x=0
C
:`(ax+b)ndx=
f(0)=C=1
1 1
_ (ax+b)n+1+C f(x)=xÜ`+2x+1 f(2)=2Ü`+2_2+1=13
a n+1
`C
F(x) f(x)
HK : f(x)dx=F(x)+C
HK F(x) f(x)
HK F'(x)=f(x) f(x)=:`(3x2-6x)dx f(0)=7 f(1)
f(x) g(x) k
:`kf(x)dx=k:`f(x)dx
1 2 3
:`{ f(x)+g(x)}dx=:`f(x)dx+:`g(x)dx 4 5
:`{ f(x)-g(x)}dx=:`f(x)dx-:`g(x)dx f(x)=:`(3xÛ`-6x)dx=xÜ`-3xÛ`+C(C y
f(0)=7 x=0
F(x) f(x) F(x) f(x)
f(0)=C=7
f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`+7 f(1)=1Ü`-3_1Û`+7=5
`f(x) f(x)=:`3xÛ`dx f(0)=1 f(3)
f(x)
20 22 24 f(x)=:`{;2!; xÜ`+2x+1}dx-:`{;2!; xÜ`+x}dx
26 28
f(x)=:`3xÛ`dx=xÜ`+C C y
f(0)=1 f(4)
;;ª2£;; ;;ª2°;;
f(0)=1 x=0
12
f(0)=C=1
f(x)=xÜ`+1 f(3)=3Ü`+1=28
13 ;;ª2¦;;
f(x)=: {;2!;xÜ`+2x+1}dx-: {;2!;xÜ`+x}dx

f(x)=: (2x+1)dx f(0)=0 f(3)
=: (x+1)dx=;2!;xÛ`+x+C C y
12 f(0)=1 x=0 f(0)=C=1
f(x)=: (2x+1)dx=xÛ`+x+C C f(x)=;2!;xÛ`+x+1 f(4)=;2!;_4Û`+4+1=13
f(0)=0 C=0
f(x)=xÛ`+x
f(3)=3Û`+3=12
f(x) g(x) f(x)
f '(x)=xÜ`+x f(0)=3
g(x)=:`{xÛ`+f(x)}dx f(x)g(x)=-2xÝ`+8xÜ`
f(2) 9
g(1) f(x)=: f '(x)dx=: (xÜ`+x)dx
1 2 3 =;4!; xÝ`+;2!; xÛ`+C C

4 5 f(0)=3 C=3
f(x)=-xÛ`+bx+c g(x)=;2B;xÛ`+cx+d y f(x)=;4!; xÝ`+;2!; xÛ`+3
f(x)g(x)=(-xÛ`+bx+c){;2B;xÛ`+cx+d}=-2xÝ`+8xÜ` f(2)=4+2+3=9
c=0 ;2#;bc-d=0
bÛ`
-;2B;=-2 b=4 -c=8 d=0
2
g(x)=2xÛ` g(1)=2_1Û`=2
f(x) f '(x) f '(x)=4xÜ`+4x+1
f(0)=1 f(2) 27
f(x)=: f '(x)dx=: (4xÜ`+4x+1)dx
=xÝ`+2xÛ`+x+C C
f(x) f '(x) f(x)=:`f '(x)dx
f(0)=1 C=1
f(x) f(x)=xÝ`+2xÛ`+x+1
f(2)=16+8+2+1=27
f(x) F(x) F(x)=:`f(x)dx
F'(x)=f(x) f '(x)
f(x)
f(x) f '(x)
f '(x)=3xÛ`-2x+7
f(1)=0 f(2)
f(x) f '(x) f '(x)=6xÛ`+4
7 8 9
y=f(x) (0 6) f(1)
10 11
12
f(x)=:` f '(x)dx
f(x)=: f '(x)dx=: (6xÛ`+4)dx=2xÜ`+4x+C`` C
f(0)=C=6 =:`(3xÛ`-2x+7)dx
f(x)=2xÜ`+4x+6 jK f(1)=2_1Ü`+4_1+6=12
=xÜ`-xÛ`+7x+C
f(1)=1-1+7+C=0 C=-7
f(x)=xÜ`-xÛ`+7x-7
f(2)=8-4+14-7=11
f(x) f(x) f '(x) f '(x)=2x+5

f '(x)=3xÛ`-kx+1 f(0)=f(2)=1 f(0)=1 f(2)
k
9 11 13
5 6 7 15 17
8 9 f(x)=:`f '(x)dx=xÛ`+5x+C C
f(x)=: f '(x)dx=: (3xÛ`-kx+1)dx
f(0)=1 f(0)=C=1
k
=xÜ`- xÛ`+x+C C f(x)=xÛ`+5x+1 jK f(2)=2Û`+5_2+1=15
2
f(0)=1 C=1
f(2)=1
k
f(2)=2Ü`- _2Û`+2+1=1
2
11-2k=1 k=5
f(x) f '(x)=6x2+6x+k f(0)=5
f(-1)=7 f(1) k f(x) x=a b
f(a)=b f '(a)=0
3 5 7 f(x) 0
9 11 y=f(x) x
f(x)=:`f'(x)dx=:`(6xÛ`+6x+k)dx
=2xÜ`+3xÛ`+kx+C(C y f(x) x=a a f(a)=a f '(a)=0

f(0)=5 x=0 f(x) f '(x) x-a g(x)
f(0)=C=5 f(x)=2xÜ`+3xÛ`+kx+5 y
f '(x)=(x-a)g(x) f(x)=:`f '(x)dx f(x)
f(-1)=7 x=-1
f(-1)=-2+3-k+5=6-k=7 k=-1 C f(a)=a C
f(x)=2xÜ`+3xÛ`-x+5 f(1)=2+3-1+5=9 f(x)
F(x) f(x)
f(x)=à
-2x (x<0)
k(2x-xÛ`) (x¾0) y=f(x)
F(2)-F(-3)=21 k 9
y=f '(x)
( -xÛ`+CÁ (x<0)
F(x)={ CÁ Cª f '(-1)=f '(1)=0 f(x)
k{xÛ`-;3!; xÜ`}+Cª (x¾0)
9
4 0
F(x) x=0 x=0 CÁ=Cª
( -xÛ`+CÁ (x<0) f(3)
F(x)={
9 k{xÛ`-;3!; xÜ`}+CÁ
(x¾0)
14 16
F(2)-F(-3)=21 k_{4-;3*;}+CÁ-(-9+CÁ)=21
18 20
;3$; k+CÁ+9-CÁ=21 ;3$; k=12 k=9 22
f(x)=xÜ`-3x+2 jK f(3)=3Ü`-3_3+2=20
f(x) y=f '(x)

f '(-126)=f '(0)=f '(126)=0
1 f(x)
f '{;;Á3Á;;}<0
f(x) x=2 35
f(x)=f(4)
f(0)=1 f(126)=-3 f(m)f(m+1)<0
m
f(0)
-2 -1 0
12 13 14
1 2
15 16
f(x)=xÝ`-4xÛ`+1
f(x) x=4
f(-2)=f(2)=1>0 f(-1)=f(1)=-2<0
f '(x)=0 x=2 x=4 f(x)
f(m)f(m+1)<0 m -2 -1 0 1
1 f '(x)=3(x-2)(x-4)
=(-2)+(-1)+0+1=-2
f '{;;Á3Á;;}=-;3%;<0
f(x)=:`3(x-2)(x-4)dx=:`(3xÛ`-18x+24)dx
f(x)=xÜ`-9xÛ`+24x+C C
f(2)=35 8-36+48+C=35 C=15
f(x)=xÜ`-9xÛ`+24x+15 f(0)=15
y=f(x) x=1
x x f(x) y=f(x) (a f(a))
f(x) f '(x) x=a
f '(a)
'2 '3 2
'5 '6 y=f(x) (x f(x)) f '(x)
f(x) x=1 x=-1
f(x)
f '(x)=a(x-1)(x+1)(a+0)
f(x)=:`f '(x)dx f(x)
f(x)=a{;3!; xÜ`-x}+C C
f(x) f(0)=0 C=0
f(x)=ax{;3!; xÛ`-1}=0 x='3 x>0)
1 f(x) f(0)=0 f(a)=0 f(x) y=f(x) (2 -6)

f '(a)=0 g(x) (x f(x))
2
a 6x -12x-2 f(1)
g{ } a
3
-2 -1 0
f(x)=0 1 2
x=0 f(x)=:`f'(x)dx=:`(6xÛ`-12x-2)dx=2xÜ`-6xÛ`-2x+C(C
x=a
f(2)=2_2Ü`-6_2Û`-2_2+C=C-12=-6 C=6
f(x)
f(x)=2xÜ`-6xÛ`-2x+6 f(1)=2-6-2+6=0
1
f(x)=x(x-a)Û`
f(x) (x f(x))
g'(x)=f(x)+xf '(x)
4x-1 f(0)=1 f(2)
g(x) 81 0
7
f(x)=: (4x-1)dx=2xÛ`-x+C C
56 58 60
f(0)=1 f(0)=C=1
62 64 f(x)=2xÛ`-x+1
g(x)=xf(x)+C C
f(2)=2_2Û`-2+1=7
g '(x)=2x(x-a)(2x-a)
a
g(x) x= 2 81 x=0 x=a 0
a=6 a>0) y=f(x) P(x y)

a
g(x)=xÛ`(x-6)Û` g{ }=g(2)=2Û`(2-6)Û`=64 3xÛ`-12 f(x) 3 f(x)
3
35
1 f(x) f(x)=xÜ`-12x+19 f(x) x=-2

f(x)
f(x) )
f(-2)=(-2)Ü`-12_(-2)+19=35
f(3-x)=f(3+x)
x=0 3
f(x) y=f(x) (-1 0)
80 82 84 (x f(x))
2
86 88 3x -12x-15 f(x)=0
f'(x)=4x(x-3)(x-6)=4xÜ`-36xÛ`+72x 7
f(x)=:`f '(x)dx=:`(4xÜ`-36xÛ`+72x)dx f(-1)=-1-6+15+C=0 C=-8

f(x)=xÜ`-6xÛ`-15x-8
=xÝ`-12xÜ`+36xÛ`+C` C f(x)=0 xÜ`-6xÛ`-15x-8=0 (x+1)Û`(x-8)=0
x=-1 x=8
f(0)=3 C=3 f(x)=0 (-1)+8=7
f(x)=xÝ`-12xÜ`+36xÛ`+3
f(x) x=3
f(3)=3Ý`-12_3Ü`+36_3Û`+3=84
f '(x)=xg(x) y
f '(x)-g '(x)=4xÜ`+2x
xg(x)-g '(x)=4xÜ`+2x y
f(x) g(x)
[:`f(x)dx]=f(x)
d
dx d
f(x)=:`xg(x)dx { f(x)-g(x)}=4xÜ`+2x
:`[
dx
d
f(x)]dx=f(x)+C` C g(1)
dx
10 11 12
f(x) f(x)
13 14
f(x) C
g(x) 4
f(x) f(x)=:`g(x)dx x g(x)=4xÛ`+ax+b g '(x)=8x+a
x(4xÛ`+ax+b)-(8x+a)=4xÜ`+2x
f '(x)=g(x)
a=0 b=10
g(x)=4xÛ`+10 g(1)=4_1Û`+10=14
f(x)
: f(x)dx=g(x)
f(x)=:`(xÛ`+2x)dx
f(2+h)-f(2-h)
lim
h Ú0 h d
f(x)=g(x)
dx
14 16 18
20 22 xf(x) x
{xf(x)}'=f(x)+xf '(x)
f(x)=: (xÛ`+2x)dx f '(x)=xÛ`+2x
f '(2)=2Û`+2_2=8 jK 2f '(2)=2_8=16
f(x) g(x)
: { f(x)+g(x)}dx=2xÛ`+3x
f(x) F(x) x
F(x)=(x+2)f(x)-xÜ`+12x
F(0)=30 f(2) y=g(x) f(0)
F(x)=(x+2)f(x)-xÜ`+12x 9
f '(x)=3(x-2)=3x-6
f(x)=;2#; xÛ`-6x+15 f(2)=6-12+15=9 1 3 5

7 9
: { f(x)+g(x)}dx=2xÛ`+3x x
x y=f(x) f(x)+g(x)=4x+3 y
y=g(x) g(0)=0
x=0
f(0)+g(0)=4_0+3 f(0)=3
f(0)=-2
f(-x)=f(x) f(x)
: { f(x)-xÛ`+4}dx=:
f( f '(x))=f '( f(x)) d d
{2f(x)-3x+1}dx
dx dx
F(x)=:`f(x)dx f(1)=3 f(0)
-2 -1 0
4 5 6
1 2
7 8 f(x)-xÛ`+4=2f(x)-3x+C
F(x)=: f(x)dx F'(x)<0 f(x)=-xÛ`+3x+4-C
f(1)=-1+3+4-C=3 C=3
F'(x)=f(x)=;2!;xÛ`-2<0 jK xÛ`<4 jK -2<x<2 f(x)=-xÛ`+3x+4-3=-xÛ`+3x+1
F(x) 2-(-2)=4 f(0)=1
f(x) f(x)
g(x) f '(x)
: f '(x)g(x)dx=xÝ`-xÛ`-2x-1 f '(x)=à
3xÛ`-1 (xÉ1)
2x (x>1)
f(0)=3 f(x) f(0)=2 f(2)
1 2 3
3 ;2&; 4
4 5
;2(;
f(x)=xÛ`-2x+3=(x-1)Û`+2 f(x) x=1 2
5
xÜ`-x+2 (xÉ1)
f(x)=[
xÛ`+1 (x>1)
f(2)=2Û`+1=5
f(x) f '(x)
f '(x)=à
x f(x) 2x (x<2)
f(x)+: f(x)dx=;4!; xÝ`+;3!; xÜ`+xÛ` -x+2 (x¾2)
f(4)-f(0)
f(1)
1 2 3
-1 0 1
4 5
2 3
lim f(x)= lim f(x)
x Ú2- x Ú2+
f '(x)+f(x)
=xÜ`+(a+3)xÛ`+(2a+b)x+b+c lim (xÛ`+CÁ)= lim {-;2!; xÛ`+2x+Cª}
x Ú2- x Ú2+
=xÜ`+xÛ`+2x
4+CÁ=-2+4+Cª Cª-CÁ=2 y
a+3=1 2a+b=2 b+c=0
a=-2 b=6 c=-6 f(4)-f(0)={-;2!;_4Û`+2_4+Cª}-(0Û`+CÁ)=Cª-CÁ=2
f(x)=xÜ`-2xÛ`+6x-6 f(1)=1-2+6-6=-1
f(x) y=f '(x)

f(0)=2 f(4)
gÁ(x) (x>a)
f(x) f '(x)=[
gª(x) (x<a)
f(x) x=a
( : gÁ(x)dx (x>a)
f(x)={
9 : gª(x)dx (x<a)
f(a)= lim : gÁ(x)dx= lim : gª(x)dx

-2 -1 0
x Úa+ x Úa- 1 2
f(x)=;2!; xÛ`-3x+3 (x¾1)
f(x) a
f(4)=;2!;_4Û`-3_4+3=-1
f(x) x=a
Ú f(x) x=a
Û lim f(x)
x Úa
Ü lim f(x)=f(a)
x Úa
f(x) f '(x)
f(x+Dx)-f(x) f(x+h)-f(x)
f '(x)= lim =lim
Dx Ú0 Dx h Ú0 h [a b] f(x)
f'(x) F(x) f(x) x=a x=b
:Ab``f(x)dx=[F(x)]bA=F(b)-F(a)
f(x)
: f '(x)dx=f(x)+C C
:Ab``f(x)dx=[F(x)]bA=F(b)-F(a)
C
:Aa``f(x)dx=F(a)-F(a)=0
:Ab``f(x)dx=F(b)-F(a)=-{F(a)-F(b)}=-:Ba``f(x)dx
f(x) f '(0)=4 x y
f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+xy(x+y)
:)2`(6xÛ`-x)dx
f(3)
13 15 17
19 21
15 14 13
f(x)=: f '(x)dx=: (xÛ`+4)dx=;3!; xÜ`+4x+C C
12 11
:)2 (6xÛ`-x)dx=[2xÜ`-;2!;xÛ`]2)=2_2Ü`-;2!;_2Û`=14
f(0)=C=0
f(x)=;3!; xÜ`+4x f(3)=;3!;_3Ü`+4_3=21
y=f(x) x Dx Dx
:)2` (3xÛ`+6x)dx
y Dy Dy=(2x+3)Dx+6(Dx)Û`
f(0)=0 f(1)
1 2 3 20 22 24
4 5 26 28
:)2` (3xÛ`+6x)dx=[xÜ`+3xÛ`]2)=8+12=20
f(x)=: f '(x)dx=: (2x+3)dx=xÛ`+3x+C C
f(0)=0 C=0
f(x)=xÛ`+3x f(1)=1+3=4
:)3`(xÛ`-2)dx
f(x) f '(0)=2 x y
f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+3 f(5)
3 :Á3¼: :Á3Á:
5 6 7
8 9 4 :Á3£:
:)3`(xÛ`-2)dx=[;3!; xÜ`-2x]3)=;3!;_3Ü`-2_3=3
f(x)=: f '(x)dx=: 2dx=2x+C C
f(0)=C=-3
f(x)=2x-3 f(5)=2_5-3=7
:)2`(3xÛ`+2x)dx
f(x)
6 8 10
12 14 [0 1] f(x)=x
:)2` (3xÛ`+2x)dx=[xÜ`+xÛ`]2) a b [0 ¦)
=8+4=12 f(x+1)-xf(x)=ax+b
60_:!2` f(x)dx 110

[0 1] f(x)=x b=1
0ÉxÉ1 f(x)=x
f(x+1)-xÛ`=ax+1 f(x+1)=xÛ`+ax+1
f(t)=(t-1)Û`+a(t-1)+1=tÛ`+(a-2)t+2-a (1ÉtÉ2)
f '(1)=2+a-2=1 a=1
:!2` f(x)dx=:!2` (xÛ`-x+1)dx=[;3!; xÜ`-;2!; xÛ`+x]2!=;;Á6Á;;

:)3`(xÛ`-4x+11)dx
60_:!2` f(x)dx=60_;;Á6Á;;=110
24
:)3`(xÛ`-4x+11)dx=[;3!;xÜ`-2xÛ`+11x]3)=24
[a b] f(x) g(x)
:Ab``f(x)dx+:Ab``g(x)dx=:Ab`{ f(x)+g(x)}dx
:Ab``f(x)dx-:Ab``g(x)dx=:Ab`{ f(x)-g(x)}dx
f(x)=xÜ`+xÛ`+ax+b g(x)
g(x)=f(x)+(x-1)f '(x)
f(x) g(x) F(x) G(x)
:Ab`f(x)dx+:Ab`g(x)dx={F(b)-F(a)}+{G(b)-G(a)}
a b
={F(b)+G(b)}-{F(a)+G(a)}
h(x) h(x)=(x-1)f(x) =:Ab`{ f(x)+g(x)}dx
h'(x)=g(x) :Ab`f(x)dx-:Ab`g(x)dx={F(b)-F(a)}-{G(b)-G(a)}
f(x) x=-1 0
:)1` g(x)dx=-1
={F(b)-G(b)}-{F(a)-G(a)}
=:Ab`{ f(x)-g(x)}dx
f(0)=0 g(x)=0 (0 1)
:)1`0`(x+1)Û`dx-:)1`0`(x-1)Û`dx 200
:)1` g(x)dx=:)1` h '(x)dx=[h(x)]1)=[(x-1)f(x)]1) :)1`0`(x+1)Û`dx-:)1`0`(x-1)Û`dx
=0-{-f(0)}=f(0)=-1 =:)1`0`{(x+1)Û`-(x-1)Û`}dx
=:)1`0`4xdx=200
:!3` (4xÜ`-6x+4)dx+:!3` (6x-1)dx 86 :%2` 2tdt-:%0` 2tdt
0
:!3` (4xÜ`-6x+4)dx+:!3` (6x-1)dx=:!3` (4xÜ` 3)dx=[xÝ`+3x]3!
-4 -2
2 4
:%2` 2tdt-:%0` 2tdt=:%2` 2tdt+:)5` 2tdt
=(81+9)-(1+3)
=:)5` 2tdt+:%2` 2tdt

=86
=:)2` 2tdt=[tÛ`]2)=4
:)2``(xÛ`+1)dx-:)2``xÛ`dx
-2 -1 0
1 2
:)2` (xÛ`+1)dx-:)2` xÛ`dx
=:)2` (xÛ`+1-xÛ`)dx=:)2` 1dx=[x]2)=2-0=2

:)3`(x+1)Û`dx-:_3!(x-1)Û`dx+:_0!(x-1)Û`dx
18
:)3`(x+1)Û`dx-:_3!(x-1)Û`dx+:_0!(x-1)Û`dx
:!3``(2x+1)2dx-:!3``(x2+1)dx
=:)3`(x+1)Û`dx-:)3`(x-1)Û`dx
40 42 44 =:)3`{(x+1)Û`-(x-1)Û`}dx
46 48 =:)3`4xdx=18
:!3`(2x+1)Û`dx-:!3`(xÛ`+1)dx=:!3`(4xÛ`+4x+1)dx-:!3`(xÛ`+1)dx
=:!3`(3xÛ`+4x)dx=[xÜ`+2xÛ`]3!
=(27+18)-(1+2)=42
f(x)=(x-a)(x-b) a b
a b c f(x)
:Ab``f(x)dx+:Bc``f(x)dx=:Ac``f(x)dx
a<00
:Ab` f(x)dx+:Bc``f(x)dx={F(b)-F(a)}+{F(c)-F(b)}
f(x) F(x)
=F(c)-F(a)=:Ac``f(x)dx
A=:ò0``f(x)dx B=:)Õ``f(x)dx C=:òÕ``f(x)dx
A<B<C A<C:)Õ` f(x)dx
-1 -;4%; C<B<A
:)2`(xÜ`-2x)dx+:@1`(xÜ`-2x)dx=:)1`(xÜ`-2x)dx
=[;4!;xÝ`-xÛ`]1)=;4!;-1=-;4#;
f(x) f(x)
2x-a (x<2)
f(x)=[
-ax+4 (x¾2)
:)3``f(x)dx=3:)1``f(x)dx :)4``f(x)dx a
:)1``f(x)dx=:)2``f(x)dx+:@1``f(x)dx 6 8 10
:)1``{ f(x)}Û`dx=[:)1``f(x)dx]2
12 14
:)4``f(x)dx=:)2``2xdx+:@4``4dx=[xÛ`]2)+[4x]4@
=4+(16-8)=12
f(x)=x
:)3`xdx+3:)1`xdx
f(x)
:)1`xÛ`dx+{:)1` xdx}
2x+2 (x<0)
f(x)=[
2
-xÛ`+2x+2 (x¾0)
a :_aA f(x)dx
5 ;;Á3¤;; ;;Á3¦;;
6 ;;Á3»;;
g(a)=:_aA`f(x)dx=:_0A`(2x+2)dx+:)a``(-xÛ`+2x+2)dx=-;3!;aÜ`+4a
g(x) (x¾c)
a b f(x)=[ g '(a)=-aÛ`+4=0 -(a+2)(a-2)=0 a=2 a>0)
h(x) (x<c)
a<c<b g(a) g(2)={-;3!;}_2Ü`+4_2=;;Á3¤;;
:Ab``f(x)dx=:Ac``h(x)dx+:Cb``g(x)dx
aÉxÉc f(x)¾0 cÉxÉb f(x)É0

[a b] |f(x)| x=a x=b
:Ab`|f(x)|dx=:Ac``f(x)dx+:Cb``{-f(x)}dx` a<c<b
:)3``f(x)dx
-x (x<1)
f(x)=[
0
x+1 (x¾1)
;2(; ;;Á2Á;; ;;Á2£;;
;;Á2°;; ;;Á2¦;; :)2`|xÛ`(x-1)|dx
:)3` f(x)dx=:)1` (-x)dx+:!3` (x+1)dx

;2#; ;2%;
=[-;2!;xÛ`]1)+[;2!;xÛ`+x]3!=;;Á2Á;;
2
3 ;2&;
:)2`|xÛ`(x-1)|dx=:)1`{-xÛ`(x-1)}dx+:!2`xÛ`(x-1)dx
=:)1`(xÛ`-xÜ`)dx+:!2`(xÜ`-xÛ`)dx=;2#;
:!4` (x+|x-3|)dx
f(x)=(x-1)|x-a| 1
:)4` f(x)dx
10
:!4` (x+|x-3|)dx=:!3` (x+|x-3|)dx+:#4` (x+|x-3|)dx a
=:!3` {x-(x-3)}dx+:#4` {x+(x-3)}dx ;3$; ;2#; ;3%;

=:!3` 3dx+:#4` (2x-3)dx=[3x]3!+[xÛ`-3x]4#
;;Á6Á;; 2
=(9-3)+{(16-12)-(9-9)}=10
a>1 f(x) a=3 a>1
:)4` f(x)dx=:)3`{-(x-1)(x-3)}dx+:#4`(x-1)(x-3)dx
=:)3`(-xÛ`+4x-3)dx+:#4`(xÛ`-4x+3)dx
=[-;3!;xÜ`+2xÛ`-3x]3)+[;3!;xÜ`-2xÛ`+3x]4#=;3$;
:_3!`|x-2|dx
2 ;2&; 5 x :)/` |t-1|dt=x m+n'2
;;Á2£;; 8 mÜ`+nÜ` m n 9
:_3!`|x-2|dx=:_2!`(-x+2)dx+:@3`(x-2)dx
Ú 0Éx<1 :)/` (-t+1)dt=x x=0
=[-;2!;xÛ`+2x]2_!+[;2!;xÛ`-2x]3@=5 Û x¾æ1 :)1` (-t+1)dt+:!/` (t-1)dt=x
x=2+'2 xæ¾1)
m=2 n=1 jK mÜ`+nÜ`=9
a y=f(x)
1 f(x) f '(x) y :_aA``f(x)dx=2:)a``f(x)dx
:_aA`f(x)dx=0
f '(x)=0 a 0 b(a<0<b)
f(x)
a 0 b (a<0<b)
f(x)=f(-x) f(x) y
b=-a f '(x)=4x(x-a)(x+a)=4xÜ`-4aÛ`x
f(x)=9 y
f(a)=-16 f(x)=: f '(x)dx=: (4xÜ`-4aÛ`x)dx
f(x)=-f(-x) f(x)
:)1``0 `g(x)dx
=xÝ`-2aÛ`xÛ`+C C
g(x)=| f '(x)|-f '(x)
48 50 52
54 56 :_2@ (3xÛ`+2x+1)dx
f(x)=9
f(0)=9 C=9 12 14 16
f(a)=-16 aÝ`-2aÝ`+9=-16
18 20
:_2@ (3xÛ`+2x+1)dx=:_2@ (3xÛ`+1)dx+:_2@ 2xdx
a=-'5 a<0)
( -2f '(x) (x<-'5 )
\
=2:)2`(3xÛ`+1)dx+0=2[xÜ`+x]2)
0 (-'5ÉxÉ0)
g(x)={
\ -2f '(x) (0<x<'5 )
9 0 (x¾'5 ) =2_(8+2)=20
:)1`0` g(x)dx=-2:) f '(x)dx=-2[ f(x)])
'5 '5
=-2{ f('5 )-f(0)}=-2_(-16-9)=50

:_1!`(xÜ`+3xÛ`+5)dx
f(x)
:)1``f(-x)dx
11 12 13
:_1!`{ f(x)+f(-x)}dx=8
14 15
:_1! (xÜ`+3xÛ`+5)dx=2:)1` (3xÛ`+5)dx=2[xÜ`+5x]1)=2(1+5)=12
:_0!`{ f(x)-f(-x)}dx=-2
1 2 3
4 5
:_1!`{ f(x)+f(-x)}dx=2:)1`{ f(x)+f(-x)}dx=8
:)1`{f(x)+f(-x)}dx=4 y
:_2@`x(3x+1)dx
:_0!{ f(x)-f(-x)}dx=-2 :)1`{ f(x)-f(-x)}dx=2 y
16
:_2@ x(3x+1)dx=:_2@ (3xÛ`+x)dx=2:)2` 3xÛ`dx=2[xÜ`]2)=16

-
:)1`{ f(x)+f(-x)}dx-:)1`{ f(x)-f(-x)}dx
=:)1`{ f(x)+f(-x)-f(x)+f(-x)}dx=2:)1``f(-x)dx=4-2=2
:)1``f(-x)dx=1
:_2#(2xÜ`+6|x| dx-:_#-`2`(2xÜ`-6x)dx
24 :Ab``f(x)dx=[F(x)]bA=F(b)-F(a)
:_2# (2xÜ`+6|x| dx-:_#-` 2` (2xÜ`-6x)dx
=:_#-` 2` (2xÜ`-6x)dx+:_2@ (2xÜ`+6|x| dx-:_#-` 2` (2xÜ`-6x)dx
=:_2@ (2xÜ`+6|x| dx=2:)2` 6|x|dx=2:)2` 6x dx
=2[3xÛ`]2)=2_(12-0)=24
f(x)
:)a``(3xÛ`-4)dx=0 a
f(x)+f(-x)
lim =3
x Ú¦ xÛ`
2 ;4(; ;2%;
f(0)=-1
;;Á4Á;;
:_3# f(x)dx
3
:)a``(3xÛ`-4)dx=[xÜ`-4x]a)=aÜ`-4a
aÜ`-4a=0
13 15 17
a(a+2)(a-2)=0
19 21 a=-2 a=0 a=2
f(x)+f(-x)=3xÛ`-2 a>0 a=2
:_3# f(x)dx=;2!; :_3# { f(x)+f(-x)}dx=;2!; :_3# (3xÛ`-2)dx
=;2!;_2:)3` (3xÛ`-2)dx=:)3` (3xÛ`-2)dx
=[xÜ`-2x]3)=27-6=21
:_1! (xÜ`+a)dx=4 a :)1`(4x-3)dx+:!k`(4x-3)dx=0 k
1 2 3
4 5
;2#; ;2%;
:_1! (xÜ`+a)dx=:_1! xÜ`dx+:_1! a dx
2
=2:)1` a dx 3 ;2&;
:)1`(4x-3)dx+:!k`(4x-3)dx=:)k`(4x-3)dx=[2xÛ`-3x]k)
=2[ax]1)=2a=4
:)1`(4x-3)dx+:!k`(4x-3)dx=2kÛ`-3k
a=2 2kÛ`-3k=0 k(2k-3)=0
k=;2#; k>0)
:)1`(axÛ`+1)dx=4 a f(x)=x+1
:_1!`{ f(x)}Û`dx=k[:_1!`f(x)dx]2
7 9 11
13 15 k
:)1` (axÛ`+1) dx=[ +x]1)= +1=4

axÜ` a a
;6!; ;3!; ;2!;
=3 a=9
3 3 3
;3@; ;6%;
=:_1!(x+1)Û`dx=2:)1`(xÛ`+1)dx=;3*; y
=k[:_1!(x+1)dx]2`=k{2:)1` 1dx} =k{2[x]1)} =4k y

2 2
;3*;=4k k=;3@;
:)1` (2x+a)dx=4
=
1 2 3 f(x)=6xÛ`+2ax :)1` f(x)dx=f(1)

4 5
:)1` (2x+a)dx=[xÛ`+ax]1)=1+a=4
a
a=3
-4 -2 0
2 4
:)1` f(x)dx=:)1` (6xÛ`+2ax)dx=[2xÜ`+axÛ`]1)=2+a
f(1)=6+2a 2+a=6+2a a=-4
:_1! {4xÜ`+xÛ`-;2!; x+a}dx=2 a

0<a0
k
;3$; ;3%;
:_1! {4xÜ`+xÛ`-;2!; x+a}dx=2:)1` (xÛ`+a)dx=2[;3!; xÜ`+ax]1)

1 2 3
4 5
=;3@;+2a=2 f(x)=xÜ`-3x+k 0<a0 x¾0 f(x)¾0
f(x) f(1)=1-3+k=k-2 k-2¾0 k¾2

k 2
[0 8] f(x)
y=f(x) (a b) (c d) -x(x-4) (0Éx<4)
f(x) f '(x) f(x)=[
x-4 (4ÉxÉ8)
:Ac``f '(x)dx=[f(x)]cA=f(c)-f(a)=d-b
a(0ÉaÉ4) :Aa` Ñ` 4` f(x)dx
;pQ; p+q p q
43
y=f(x)
f(-1)=f(1)=f(2)=0
:Aa` Ñ` 4` f(x)dx=;;£3ª;;
f(0)=2
:)2``f '(x)dx
Ú a=0
Û a=4 :Aa` Ñ` 4` f(x)dx=8
-2 -1 Ü 0<a<4 g(a)
0 1 g(3)=;3!;_27-;2#;_9+;;£3ª;;=;;£6¦;;
:Aa` Ñ` 4` f(x)dx
2 ;;£6¦;;
:)2` f '(x)dx=[ f(x)]2)=f(2)-f(0)=0-2=-2
Ú Ü a=3
p=6 q=37
p+q=6+37=43
g(x) (x¾c)
y=f(x) f(1)=1 a b f(x)=[
:)3``|f '(x)|dx :Ab``f(x)dx=:Ac``h(x)dx+:Cb``g(x)dx

h(x) (x<c)
f(3)=-3 f(0)=-3 a<c3 f '(x)>0 Û 0ÉtÉ1 g(t)=-tÜ`+3t+1
:_1! g(t)dt=;;Á4£;;=;pQ;
1<x<3 f '(x)<0
:)3` |f '(x)|dx=:)1` f '(x)dx-:!3` f '(x)dx

p+q=4+13=17
=[ f(x)]1)-[ f(x)]3!
=2f(1)-f(0)-f(3)=2+3+3=8
1 f(x) f(x)
:)1` f '(x)dx=:)2` f '(x)dx=0
:Mm``Ñ 2 f(x)dx=4
f '(1)
m
-4 -3 -2
-1 0 0ÉxÉ2 f(x)=x3-6x2+8x
:)1` f '(x)dx=:)2` f '(x)dx=0
4:!1`0`f(x)dx
[ f(x)]1)=[ f(x)]2)=0
71
:!1`0``f(x)dx=:)1`0`f(x)dx-:)1``f(x)dx=20-:)1` f(x)dx
f(0)=f(1)=f(2)
f(0)=f(1)=f(2)=k k f(x)=x(x-1)(x-2)+k
:)1` f(x)dx=:)1` (xÜ`-6xÛ`+8x)dx=[;4!;xÝ`-2xÜ`+4xÛ`]1)=;4(;

f '(x)=(x-1)(x-2)+x(x-2)+x(x-1)
f '(1)=0+1_(-1)+0=-1
4:!1`0` f(x)dx=4[20-:)1` f(x)dx]=4_{20-;4(;}=71
f(x) :)3``f(x)dx m
4m 27
f(0)=0 f(x)=xÜ`-6xÛ`+(12+a)x
1 f '(0)=f '(2)=0
x f '(2-x)=f '(2+x)
f(x) p g(x)
f '(x)¾æ-3
g(x)=à
x
f(x)-f(0) (xÉ0)
:)3` f(x)dx=:)3` {xÜ`-6xÛ`+(12+a)x}dx=[;4!;xÝ`-2xÜ`+ xÛ`]3)
12+a
f(x+p)-f(p) (x>0) 2
=;;¥4Á;;+;2(;aæ¾;;¥4Á;;+;2(;_(-3)=;;ª4¦;;
:)3` f(x)dx m=;;ª4¦;; 4m=4_;;ª4¦;;=27

p=1 g '(1)=0
g(x)
fn(x)={nx- Á ak}2`
p 1
:_1! g(x)dx¾0 :)1``fn'(x)dx=-nÜ`

n
p¾2 k=1
aÁ aª a£ y an
;Kn+!ak=
f(x)=: f '(x)dx=: (3xÛ`-6x)dx=xÜ`-3xÛ`+C C n(n+1)
2
xÜ`-3xÛ` (xÉ0)
g(x)=[ fª(2)=3
:)
xÜ`+3(p-1)xÛ`+3p(p-2)x (x>0)
:_1! g(x)dx=:_0! (xÜ`-3xÛ`)dx+:)1` {xÜ`+3(p-1)xÛ`+3p(p-2)x}dx

n+1
n+1 `
2
fn(x)dx=2:) fn(x)dx
=;2#; pÛ`-2p-2=;2#; {p-;3@;}2`-;3*;
p¾2 :_1! g(x)dx¾0
2_3
n=2 Sª= =3 fª(x)=(2x-3)Û`
2
fª(2)=1
f(x)
:!/`(tÜ`+2t+5)dt
d
f(x)=
:A/``f(t)dt=f(x)
dx
d
dx f '(2) 14
f(x)= d :!/`(tÜ`+2t+5)dt
:?/` Ñ a``f(t)dt=f(x+a)-f(x)
d f(x)=xÜ`+2x+5
dx
dx x
f '(x)=3xÛ`+2
f(x) F(x) f '(2)=3_2Û`+2=14
:A/``f(t)dt=[F(t)]/A=F(x)-F(a)
F'(x)=f(x) x
:A/``f(t)dt=
d d
{F(x)-F(a)}=F'(x)=f(x)
dx dx
F(x)=:)/``(tÜ`-1)dt
f(x) x
:)/``f(t)dt=xÜ`+4x
F'(2)
f(10) 304 11 9 7
:)/` f(t)dt=xÜ`+4x 5 3
F(x)=:)/` (tÜ`-1)dt
f(x) x
x f(x)=3xÛ`+4 x F'(x)=xÜ`-1
f(10)=3_10Û`+4=304 F'(2)=2Ü`-1=7
f(x) x
:@/``f(t)dt=x3+x-10
f(10) 301
:@/` f(t)dt=xÜ`+x-10 x
:@/` f(t)dt=
d d
(xÜ`+x-10) f(x)=3xÛ`+1 f(x)=-xÛ`-4x+a
g(x)=:)/` f(t)dt
dx dx
f(10)=3_10Û`+1=301
[0 1] a
5
f(x)=:!/`(t-2)(t-3)dt
g'(x)=f(x)=-xÛ`-4x+a=-(x+2)Û`+a+4
f '(4) g(x) [0 1] [0 1]
g'(x)¾0
1 2 3 g'(1)=a-5¾0 a¾5
a 5
4 5
:!/`(t-2)(t-3)dt=(x-2)(x-3)
d
f '(x)=
dx
f '(4)=(4-2)_(4-3)=2
f(x) x f(x) g(x)
:!/ f(t)dt=xÜ`+3xÛ`-2x-2
f(x)=2x+2:)1` g(t)dt
f(2)
14 16 18 g(0)-:)1` g(t)dt=;3@;
20 22
:!/`f(t)dt=xÜ`+3xÛ`-2x-2 x g(1)
f(x)=3xÛ`+6x-2
f(2)=12+12-2=22 -2 -;3%; -;3$;
-1 -;3@;
g(x)=: f(x)dx=: (2x+2k)dx=xÛ`+2kx+C C
C-:)1` (tÛ`+2kt+C)dt=;3@; C-{;3!;+k+C}=;3@;

x f(x)
:!/@``f(t)dt=-xÜ`+xÛ`+:)1``xf(t)dt
-;3!;-k=;3@; k=-1
g(0)-:)1` g(t)dt=;3@; C-(-1)=;3@; C=-;3!;
:)1``f(x)dx 132 g(x)=xÛ`-2x-;3!; g(1)=1-2-;3!~;=-;3$;
:)1` f(t)dt=k :!/@` f(t)dt=-xÜ`+xÛ`+kx
:!/@ (-3tÛ`+2t+k)dt=[-tÜ`+tÛ`+kt]/!@ f(x) x

=-xÜ`+xÛ`+kx+12(132-k) f(x)=4xÜ`+x:)1` f(t)dt
-xÜ`+xÛ`+kx=-xÜ`+xÛ`+kx+12(132-k) 12(132-k)=0
k=132 jK :)1` f(x)dx=132

f(1)
6 7 8
9 10
:)1` f(t)dt=k k
f(x) f(x)=g(x)+:Ab``f(t)dt a b
f(x)=4xÜ`+x:)1` f(t)dt=4xÜ`+kx
f(x)
Ú :Ab``f(t)dt=k k k=:)1` (4tÜ`+kt)dt=[tÝ`+ tÛ`]1)=1+

k k
f(x)=g(x)+k 2 2
:Ab``f(t)dt=k
k
=1 k=2
Û f(x)=g(x)+k k 2
f(x)=4xÜ`+2x f(1)=4+2=6
f(x) f(x) f(x)=xÛ`-2x+:)1``tf(t)dt
f(3)
;;Á6£;; ;2%; ;;Á6¦;;
f(x)=3xÛ`+x+:)2``f(t)dt f(x) ;;Á6»;; ;2&;

k k=:)1``tf(t)dt f(x)=xÛ`-2x+k
f(2) 4
:)2` f(t)dt=a f(x)=3xÛ`+x+a k=:)1` t(tÛ`-2t+k)dt=;4!;-;3@;+;2K;
:)2` (3tÛ`+t+a)dt=[tÜ`+;2!; tÛ`+at]2)=8+2+2a=a k=-;6%; jK f(x)=xÛ`-2x-;6%; f(3)=3Û`-2_3-;6%;=;;Á6£;;
a=-10 jK f(x)=3xÛ`+x-10
f(2)=3_2Û`+2-10=4
f(x) f(x) x
f(x)=;;Á7ª;;xÛ`-2x:!2``f(t)dt+[:!2``f(t)dt] :A/` f(t)dt=;3!; xÜ`-9

2
10:!2``f(x)dx
f(a) a 9
20
:A/` f(t)dt=;3!; xÜ`-9

aÛ`-4a+4=0 (a-2)Û`=0
10:!2` f(x)dx=10_2=20
x=a
0=;3!; aÜ`-9 aÜ`=27 a=3
:#/` f(t)dt=;3!; xÜ`-9 x
f(x)=xÛ` f(a)=f(3)=3Û`=9
f(x) :A/``f(t)dt=g(x)` a
Ú x=a :Aa``f(t)dt=0 g(a)=0
Û x f(x)=g'(x)
t x :A/``(x+t)f(t)dt f(x)
f(x)=:)/``(2at+1)dt
Ú x:A/``f(t)dt+:A/``tf(t)dt f '(2)=17 a 4
ÛÚ x f(x)=:)/` (2at+1)dt x
[x:A/``f(t)dt+:A/``tf(t)dt]=:A/``f(t)dt+xf(x)+xf(x) :)/` (2at+1)dt=2ax+1

d d
f '(x)= f '(2)=17
dx dx
2a_2+1=17 a=4
f(x) x
:!/``f(t)dt=xÜ`+axÛ`-3x+1
f(a) a
f(x) x
xf(x)=2xÜ`+axÛ`+3a+:!/` f(t)dt
-2 -1 0
1 2
:!1` f(t)dt=1+a-3+1
f(1)=:)1` f(t)dt
a-1=0 a=1
:!/``f(t)dt=xÜ``+xÛ`-3x+1
a+f(3)
x
f(x)=3xÛ`+2x-3 f(a)=f(1)=3+2-3=2 a
5 6 7
f(x) x 8 9
:!/` [
d x=1 f(1)=4a+2
:)1` f(t)dt=3a
f(t)]dt=xÜ`+axÛ`-2
dt x=0
f '(a) a 4a+2=3a a=-2
x f '(x)=6x-4
1 2 3
f(x)=: (6x-4)dx=3xÛÛ`-4x+C C
4 5
f(1)=-6 C=-5
0=1+a-2 a=1
f(x)=3xÛ`-4x-5 f(3)=27-12-5=10
f(x)-f(1)=xÜ`+xÛ`-2 x a+f(3)=-2+10=8
f '(x)=3xÛ`+2x f '(a)=f '(1)=3+2=5
f(x)=:A/` g(t)dt a
f(x) x
3xf(x)=9:!/` f(t)dt+2x
f(x)
f '(1)
Ú x f '(x)=g(x)
-2 -1 0 Û f '(x)=0 x
1 2 ÜÛ x f '(x)
3xf(x)=9:!/` f(t)dt+2x x=1 3f(1)=0+2 f(x)
f(1)=;3@; y
f(x) x=a f(a) x=b
3xf(x)=9:!/` f(t)dt+2x x f(b) f '(a)=0 f '(b)=0
f(x) f '(a)=0 x=a
3f(x)+3xf '(x)=9f(x)+2 y
x=1 3f(1)+3f '(1)=9f(1)+2 f '(x)
3f '(1)=6f(1)+2=6_;3@;+2
(+) (-) f(x) x=a
=6
f(a)
f '(1)=2
(-) (+) f(x) x=a
f(a)
f(x) x
:!/``f(t)dt=xf(x)-3xÝ`+2xÛ`
f(0) f(x)=:!/`(tÛ`+t)dt
1 2 3
-;3@; -1 -;6&;
4 5
:!/ f(t)dt=x f(x)-3xÝ`+2xÛ` x -;3$; -;2#;
f(x)=f(x)+x f '(x)-12xÜ`+4x f '(x)=12xÛ`-4 f(-1)=:!-` 1`(tÛ`+t)dt=[;3!; tÜ`+;2!; tÛ`]-! 1`={-;3!;+;2!;}-{;3!;+;2!;}=-;3@;
f(0)=:!0` (tÛ`+t)dt=[;3!; tÜ`+;2!; tÛ`]0!=0-{;3!;+;2!;}=-;6%;

f(x)=: f '(x)dx=: (12xÛ`-4)dx=4xÜ`-4x+C C
f(1)=4-4+C=1 C=1 f(0)=C=1

{-;3@;}+{-;6%;}=-;2#;
f(x)=x(x+2)(x+4) g(x)=:@/` `f(t)dt
x=a g(a)
f(x)
:)/``f(t)dt=xÜ`-2xÛ`-2x:)1``f(t)dt
f(0)=a 60a 40
:)1` f(t)dt=k(k x=1
k=:)1` f(t)dt=1-2-2k=-1-2k
k=-;3!; jK :)1` f(t)dt=-;3!;

-28 -29 -30
:)/` f(t)dt=xÜ`-2xÛ`+;3@;x
-31 -32
x g'(x)=f(x)
g'(x)=0 x(x+2)(x+4)=0 g(x) x=-2
f(x)=3xÛ`-4x+;3@;
à=-2
f(0)=a=;3@; jK 60a=60_;3@;=40 g(a)=:@-` 2``f(t)dt=:@-` 2`(t3+6t2+8t)dt=-2:)2``6t2dt
=-2[2t3]2)=-32
3 f(x)
g(x)=xÛ`:)/` f(t)dt-:)/` tÛ`f(t)dt

f(x) f '(x) f(x)
f(x) [a b] (a b)
f(x) (a b)
g(x)
f(x) f(a) f(b)
g '(x)=0 0 3
f(x) f(a) f(b)
:)3` | f(x)|dx 8
g '(x)=2x:)/` f(t)dt+xÛ`f(x)-xÛ`f(x)=2x:)/` f(t)dt
h(x)=:)/` f(t)dt
x+1
-2ÉxÉ1 f(x)=:? (tÛ`-t)dt M
g '(x)=0 0 3 h(x)=x(x-3)Û`
:)/` f(t)dt=f(x)
h '(x)=
d m M-m
dx
f(x)=(x-3)Û`+2x(x-3)=3(x-1)(x-3) 1 2 3
:)3` | f(x)|dx=:)1` 3(x-1)(x-3)dx+:!3` {-3(x-1)(x-3)}dx=8 4 5
m=f(0)=:)1` (tÛ`-t)dt=[;3!; tÜ`-;2!; tÛ`]1)=-;6!;
M= f(-2)=:_@ (tÛ`-t)dt=[;3!; tÜ`-;2!; tÛ`]_@ =;;ª6£;;

-1 -1
a f(x)=xÜ`-12xÛ`+45x+3
g(x)=:A/` { f(x)-f(t)}_{ f(t)}Ý`dt

M-m=;;ª6£;;-{-;6!;}=4
a
8
g '(x)=f '(x):A/` { f(t)}Ý`dt+f(x)_{ f(x)}Ý`-{ f(x)}Þ`
x f(x)
:)/`(x-t)f(t)dt=;4#; xÝ`-2xÛ`
=f '(x):A/` { f(t)}Ý`dt
f(x)
g '(x)=0 f '(x)=0 x=a
f '(x)=3xÛ`-24x+45=3(x-3)(x-5) -4 -2 0
g '(x)=0 x x=3 x=5 x=a
g(x) a
2 4
3 5 3+5=8 x
:)/` f(t)dt=3xÜ`-4x
a
x f(x)=9xÛ`-4
f(x) x=0 -4
f(x)=xÜ`-3x+a
F(x)=:)/``f(t)dt
a [-1 2] f(x)=:_/!(tÛ`-|t| dt
1 2 3 M m M-m
4 5
f(x)
x=-1 f(-1)=-1+3+a=a+2 ;6!; ;3!; ;2!;
x=1 f(1)=1-3+a=a-2
_ ¾æ0 ;3@; ;6%;
(a+2)(a-2)æ¾0 jK aÉ-2 aæ¾2
a 2 m=f(1)=:_1! (tÛ`-|t| dt=:_0! (tÛ`+t)dt+:)1` (tÛ`-t)dt=-;3!;
M=f(2)=:_2! (tÛ`-|t| dt=:_0! (tÛ`+t)dt+:)2` (tÛ`-t)dt=;2!;
M-m=;2!;-{-;3!;}=;6%;
F(x)=:A/` f(t)dt y=F(x)
f(x) f(x) F(x)
lim 1 :)/``f(t)dt=lim F(x)-F(0)

Ú F(x)
Û x F'(x)=f(x) x Ú0 x x Ú0 x-0
=F'(0)=f(0)
lim 1 :Aa``Ñ``/``f(t)dt=lim F(a+x)-F(a)

F(x)=:A/` f(t)dt y=F(x) x Ú0 x x Ú0 x
=F'(a)=f(a)
1 :A/``f(t)dt=lim F(x)-F(a)
f(x) f'(x) f(x)
y=f(x) lim
x Úa x-a x Úa x-a
=F'(a)=f(a)
F(x)=:!/` f(t)dt
f(x)-f(a) f(a+h)-f(a)
f(x) f '(a)=lim
x Úa x-a
=lim
h Ú0 h
y=F(x) y=f(x)
(2 2) f(3)
:@/``(tÛ`+3t-2)dt
1
lim 2
x Ú2 xÛ`-4
:@/` (tÛ`+3t-2)dt=lim =;4!;F'(2)=;4!; f(2)
lim 1 F(x)-F(2)
x Ú2 xÛ`-4 x Ú2 xÛ`-4
=;4!;(2Û`+3_2-2)=2
2 3 4
5 6
f(x)=:)/`(3tÛ`+5)dt
f(x)=2kx-3k
y=f(x) (2 2)
2k_2-3k=2 k=2 f(x)-f(2)
f(x)=4x-6 f(3)=4_3-6=6 lim 17
x Ú2 x-2
f(x)=:)/`(3tÛ`+5)dt x
f '(x)=3xÛ`+5
f(x)-f(2)
lim =f '(2)=3_2Û`+5=17
x Ú2 x-2
y=f(x)
x+1
g(x) g(x)=:? f(t)dt
G(x)=:!/` (x-t)f(t)dt
f(x)
:!/` (x-t)f(t)dt=3
g(x)
1
lim
x Ú2 x-2
:!2` (4x+1)f(x)dx
g(1) g(2)
g{;2%;} g{;2&;}
G '(x)=:!/` f(t)dt+xf(x)-xf(x)=:!/` f(t)dt
g(4) 15 18 21
G '(2)=:!2` f(t)dt=3
g(x)=:?/` Ñ` 1` f(t)dt
f(x)=a(x-1)(x-4)(a>0) 24 27
G(2)=2:!2` f(t)dt-:!2` tf(t)dt=0
:!2` tf(t)dt=2:!2` f(t)dt=2_3=6

g '(x)=f(x+1)-f(x)=a(2x-4)=2a(x-2)
g '(x)=0 x x=2 a>0 y=g(x) x=2
:!2` (4x+1)f(x)dx=4:!2` xf(x)dx+:!2` f(x)dx=4_6+3=27
g(x) g(2)
:!/``f(t)dt-f(x) [0 1] f(x)
f(0)=0 f(1)=1 :)1` f(x)dx=;6!;

f(x) lim =2
x Ú1 xÛ`-1
f '(1)
g(x)
:_2# g(x)dx
-4 -3 -2
-1 0
f(x) F(x)
g(x)=à
:!/`f(t)dt-f(x) -f(x+1)+1 (-1<x<0)
lim =;2!;F'(1)-;2!; f '(1)=;2!; f(1)-;2!; f '(1)=2 f(x) (0ÉxÉ1)
x Ú1 xÛ`-1
f(1)-f '(1)=4 jK f '(1)=-4 x g(x+2)=g(x)
;2%; ;;Á6¦;; ;;Á6»;;

+
;2&; ;;ª6£;;
:_0! g(x)dx=:_0! {-f(x+1)+1}dx=-:_0! f(x+1)dx+[x] 0_!
=-:)1` f(x)dx+{0-(-1)}=-;6!;+1=;6%;
:_1! g(x)dx=:_0! g(x)dx+:)1` g(x)dx

f(x+p)=f(x) p
:A
a+p b+p a+2p
`f(x)dx=:B `f(x)dx=: `f(x)dx=y
a+p
=;6%;+;6!;=1
:Ab``f(x)dx =:
:_2# g(x)dx=:_#-` 1` g(x)dx+:_1! g(x)dx+:!2` g(x)dx
b+p b+2p
`f(x)dx=: `f(x)dx=y
a+p a+2p
p f(x) p =2:_1! g(x)dx+:_0! g(x)dx
=2_1+;6%;=;;Á6¦;;
f(x) f(x)=f(x+4)
f(x) x f(x+3)=f(x)
-4x+2 (0Éx<2)
( x (0Éx<1):_aA f(x)dx=2:)a` f(x)dx=13 f(x)=[
xÛ`-2x+a (2ÉxÉ4)
f(x)={
:)a` f(x)dx=;;Á2£;; y
:(11`1``f(x)dx
1 (1Éx<2)
9-x+3 (2Éx<3)
:_aA`f(x)dx=13 a
-8 -:ª3¤: -:ª3¥:
-10 -:£3ª:
:(11`1` f(x)dx=:%7` f(x)dx=:!3` f(x)dx
=:!2` (-4x+2)dx+:@3` (xÛ`-2x-6)dx
=[-2xÛ`+2x]2!+[;3!; xÜ`-xÛ`-6x]3@=-:ª3¤:
10 12 14
16 18
:)3` f(x)dx=:#6` f(x)dx=:^9` f(x)dx=y=2
:)9` f(x)dx=:)3` f(x)dx+:#6` f(x)dx+:^9` f(x)dx=3_2=6
:)a` f(x)dx=:)9` f(x)dx+:(a` f(x)dx=;;Á2£;;
:(a` f(x)dx=;2!;
:)1` f(x)dx=:(1`0` f(x)dx=;2!; a=10

g(a+4)-g(a)=:Aa ` Ñ` 4` f(t)dt
f(x) x f(x)
:Aa` Ñ` 4` f(t)dt=:Aa` Ñ` 2` f(t)dt+:Aa ÐÑ @4` f(t)dt
-2ÉxÉ2 f(x)=xÜ`-4x =:Aa` Ñ` 2` f(t)dt+:Aa` Ñ` 2` f(t)dt
x f(x)=f(x+4) f(x+2)=f(x) =2:Aa` Ñ` 2` f(t)dt=2:Aa _@ f(t)dt
=y=2:)2` f(t)dt
f(x)=|x|(-1Éx<1)
:!2``f(x)dx
g(x)=:_/@`f(t)dt
:@2))0 $0 `5 `f(x)dx -:@2))0 $0 `5 `f(x)dx
a
g(a+4)-g(a)
:@2))0 %0 `6 `f(x)dx -:@2))0 %0 `6 `f(x)dx
:@2))0 ^0 `7 `f(x)dx
:!2` f(x)dx=:%6` f(x)dx=:(1`0``f(x)dx=y
:!2` f(x)dx=:$4KkÐÑ!2` f(x)dx=:@2))0 %0 `6 f(x)dx

1 2 3
4 5
g(a+4)-g(a)=2:)2` f(t)dt=2_{;2!;_2_1}=2
y=f(x) y
:_aA``f(x)dx=2:)a``f(x)dx
f(x) x f(x+1)=f(x)
:_1!`f(x)dx=;2!; :!2``0 `1 `7 `f(x)dx

f(-x)=f(x)
y=f(x)
:_aA``f(x)dx=0
504
:!2`0`1`7``f(x)dx=:!2``f(x)dx+:@3``f(x)dx+y+:@2)!0 ^1 `7 `f(x)dx
f(-x)=-f(x)
=:!2``f(x)dx+:!2``f(x)dx+y+:!2``f(x)dx
:Ab``f(x)dx=:AÐ M `f(x-m)dx=:A_N `f(x+n)dx
b+m b-n
=2016:!2``f(x)dx=2016_;4!;=504
:Aa_K f(x)dx=:A
f(a+x)=f(a-x) y=f(x) x=a
a+k
f(x)dx
x f(x)¾0 f(x+3)=f(x)
:_2! { f(x)+xÛ`-1}Û`dx
f(x) x
f(x) :_!2`6` f(x)dx 12
:_2! { f(x)+xÛ`-1}Û`dx
f(-x)=f(x) f(x)=f(x+4)
:)2``f(x)dx=16 :_8$`f(x)dx
-1ÉxÉ1 xÛ`-1É0 f(x)=-(xÛ`-1)=-xÛ`+1
1<xÉ2 xÛ`-1>0 f(x)=0
:_!2`6` f(x)dx=9:_2! f(x)dx=9[ :_1! f(x)dx+:!2` f(x)dx] 96
=9:_1! (-xÛ`+1)dx=18:)1` (-xÛ`+1)dx :)2` f(x)dx=16 y=f(x) y
=18[-;3!; xÜ`+x]1)=18_{-;3!;+1}=12 :_0@ f(x)dx=16
4 :)2` f(x)dx=:_-$ 2` f(x)dx :_-$ 2` f(x)dx=16
:_0$ f(x)dx=:_-$ 2` f(x)dx+:_0@ f(x)dx=32 :_8$ f(x)dx=96

f(x) g(x) x f(x) f(0)=0
f(-x)=-f(x) g(-x)=g(x)
h(x)=f(x)g(x)
:_3#`(x+5)h'(x)dx=10 :)2``|f(x)|dx=-:)2``f(x)dx=4
h(3) :@3``|f(x)|dx=:@3``f(x)dx
1 2 3
4 5 f(5) 45
:_aA h'(x)dx=2:)a h'(x)dx :_aA xh'(x)dx=0 a a f(x)=ax(x-2)=axÛ`-2ax
:)2` f(x)dx=:)2`(axÛ`-2ax)dx=a[;3!;xÜ`-xÛ`]2)=-;3$; a=-4

:_3# (x+5)h'(x)dx=:_3# xh'(x)dx +:_3# 5h'(x)dx
=0+2:)3` 5h'(x)dx=10:)3` h'(x)dx

a=3
f(x)=3x(x-2) f(5)=3_5_3=45
=10[h(x)]3)=10{h(3)-h(0)}=10
h(3)=1
f(x) f(0)=-1
:_1!`f(x)dx=:)1``f(x)dx=:_0!`f(x)dx
f(x) x
f(-x)=f(x)
f(2)
f(x+2)=f(x)
:_1!(2x+3)f(x)dx=15
11 10 9
8 7
f(0)=-1 f(x)=axÛ`+bx-1
:_1^0``f(x)dx
:)1` f(x)dx=;3A;+;2B;-1 :_0! f(x)dx=;3A;-;2B;-1
40
:_1! f(x)dx=5
;3A;+;2B;-1=;3A;-;2B;-1 jK b=0
:_1^0` f(x)dx=:_-^ 5` f(x)dx+:_9% f(x)dx+:(1`0` f(x)dx

2{;3A;-1}=;3A;-1 jjK ;3A;-1=0 jK a=3
f(x)=3xÛ`-1 jK f(2)=11
=:_0! f(x)dx+7:_1! f(x)dx+:)1` f(x)dx
=8:_1! f(x)dx=8_5=40
a
f(x)=-x(x+a)(x-a)
+ + x b
:_aB f(x)dx=A :B `f(x-b)dx=B

a+b
:_aB`| f(x)|dx
[a b] f(x)
|:Ab``f(x)dx|=:Ab`| f(x)|dx aÉxÉb -A+2B -2A+B -A+B

f(x) A+B A+2B
|:Ab``f(x)dx|<:Ab`| f(x)|dx aÉxÉb :_a B f(x)dx=A :Ba` Ñ` b` f(x-b)dx=:)a` f(x)dx=B
f(x) :_0B f(x)dx=:_a B f(x)dx-:)a` f(x)dx=A-B
:_a B |f(x)|dx=-A+2B
´ ´
f(x)=xÜ` x a y f(x)=xÜ`-12x+a
F(x)=:)/` f(t)dt
b y=g(x)
a
g(0)=0
:A3à``g(x)dx-:)2à``f(x)dx=32
28 29 30
aÝ` 16
31 32
y=g(x) f(x)=xÜ` x a y
F'(x)=f(x)=xÜ`-12x+a
b g(x)=(x-a)Ü`+b
f(x)=0
g(0)=-aÜ`+b=0 b=aÜ` g(x)=(x-a)Ü`+aÜ`
:A3à`g(x)dx-:)2à` f(x)dx=:A3à`{(x-a)Ü`+aÜ`}dx-:)2à`xÜ`dx=2aÝ`=32
f(-2)f(2)<0
(-8+24+a)_(8-24+a)<0 -16<a<16
aÝ`=16 a
16-(-16)-1=31
-1 (x<1) 1 f(x) g(x)
g(x)=:)/` f(t)dt+f(x)
f(x)=[ g(x)
-x+2 (x¾æ1)
g(x)=:_/!`(t-1)f(t)dt
g(x)
g(x) x=0 0
g(x) (1 2) g(x) y=g'(x)
g(x) x=1
g(x)=k
k f(2)
-5 -4 -3
-2 -1
f(x) xÛ`
y=g(x) f(x)=xÛ`(x-k)=xÜ`-kxÛ` k
g(x)=k g '(x)=f(x)+f '(x)=xÜ`-kxÛ`+3xÛ`-2kx
k =xÜ`+(3-k)xÛ`-2kx y
y=g '(x)
x g '(-x)=-g '(x)
-xÜ`+(3-k)xÛ`+2kx=-xÜ`-(3-k)xÛ`+2kx
2(3-k)xÛ`=0 2(3-k)=0 k=3
f(x)=xÛ`(x-3) f(2)=2Û`_(2-3)=-4
2 f(x)
g(x)=:?/` Ñ` 1`| f(t)|dt

f(x)=:A/``g(t)dt
x=1 x=4
f '(x)=g(x) y=g(x)
y=f(x) f(0) 13
g(x)>0 f(x) g(x)<0 f(x) y=f(x) x

x=p a b(a<b)
g(x)=0 f(x)
| f(a)|=| f(a+1)| | f(b)|=| f(b+1)| g(x)
x=a x=b
g(x) x=1 x=4 a=1 b=4
a+(b+1) 1+4+1
p= = =3
x 2 2
f(x)=2(x-3)Û`+k k f(1)=-f(2)
8+k=-(2+k) 2k=-10 k=-5
f(x)=2(x-3)Û`-5 f(0)=2_9-5=13
1 f(x) f(x)=xÝ`+axÛ`+b x¾0
( f(x+2) (x<0)
2` /` { f(t)-| f(t)|}dt
9 :)/` tf(t)dt (x¾0)
g(x)={
g(x)=:_?
a
h(x)
h(x)=|g(x)-g(a)| 0<x<1 g(x)=cÁ (cÁ
h(x) x=k k 1<x<5 g(x)
1 a x>5 g(x)=cª (cª
4'3 7'3
- - -'3 f('2) a b
3 6
-
5'3
-
2'3 40 42 44
6 3
( xÛ` (x<0) ( 2x (x<0) 46 48
:)/` t(t-2)Û`dt (x¾0)

a a
g(x)={ g '(x)={ 0 (x=0) Ú 0<x<
2 2
¾1 a¾2
9 9 x(x-2)Û` (x>0) a a
Û <xb bÉ5
k 1 g(a)=g(2) Ú Û Ü a=2 b=5
g(2)=:)2` t(t-2)Û`dt=:)2` (tÜ`-4tÛ`+4t)dt=;3$;

f(x)=xÝ`+axÛ`+b x=-2 x=2 x=-5
x=5 x f(x) x+2 x-2 x+5 x-5
2'3 1
x<0 g(x)=xÛ` xÛ`=;3$; x=- x<0)
3 f(x)=(x+2)(x-2)(x+5)(x-5)=(xÛ`-4)(xÛ`-25)
2'3 f('2 )=(2-4)_(2-25)=46
g(a)=g(2) a - 2
3
h(x) x=k k 1
2'3 4'3
a {- }_2=- f(x)
g(x)=:)/``tf(t)dt
3 3
f(x)
:!/` f(t)dt=
g '(0)=0
x-1
{ f(x)+f(1)} a g(a)=0 f(x)=0
2
:)2` f(x)dx=5:_1! xf(x)dx

(0 a)
b f(b)=g(b)=0 x
:ø/` tf(t)dt¾0
f(0)=1 f(4) 7
:!/` f(t)dt=
x-1
{ f(x)+f(1)} x
2
1 x-1
f(x)= { f(x)+f(1)}+ ´f '(x)
2 2
g(0)=:)0``tf(t)dt=0
f(x)=(x-1)f '(x)+f(1) y
f(x) axn a 0 n
f(x)=axn+y f '(x)=anxn-1+y y g(x) 0 a (0 a)
axn+y=(x-1){anxn-1+y}+f(1)=anxn+y g(0)=g(a)=0 g '(c)=cf(c)=0
x c (0 a)
a=an n=1 a+0 c+0 f(c)=0
f(x) a f(0)=1 f(x)=ax+1 g(a)=0 f(x)=0 (0 a)
:)2` f(x)dx=2a+2 5:_1! xf(x)dx=
10
a
3
10 3
2a+2= a a=
3 2
3 3
f(x)= x+1 f(4)= _4+1=7
2 2
f(x) g(x) f(x)
x
f(x)
lim =1
x Ú¦ xÝ`
f(x)¾g(x)
f(1)=f '(1)=1
f(x)+g(x)=xÛ`+3x
f(x)g(x)=(xÛ`+1)(3x-1)
-1ÉnÉ4 n g(x)
:)2` f(x)dx
g(x)=f(x-n)+n (nÉx<n+1)
g(x) (-1 5)
:)4` g(x)dx=
q
;;ª6£;; ;;Á3£;; ;;ª6»;; p
p+q p q
137
:)4` g(x)dx=:)1` g(x)dx+:!2`g(x)dx+:@3` g(x)dx+:#4` g(x)dx

;;Á3¤;; ;;£6°;;
( xÛ`+1 (xÉ1) ( 3x-1 (xÉ1)
f(x)={ 3x-1 (1<x<2) g(x)={ xÛ`+1 (1<x<2) =:)1` f(x)dx+:)1`{ f(x)+1}dx
+:)1`{ f(x)+2}dx+:)1`{ f(x)+3}dx

9 xÛ`+1 (x¾2) 9 3x-1 (x¾2)
:)2` f(x)dx=:)1` (xÛ`+1)dx+:!2` (3x-1)dx

=:)1`{4 f(x)+6}dx=;;Á1ª5ª;;
=[;3!; xÜ`+x]1)+[;2#; xÛ`-x]2!
p=15 q=122 p+q=137
=;3!;+1+6-2-{;2#;-1}=;;ª6»;;
f(x)
1 g(x)
( -:)/` f(t)dt (x<0)
f(x)
g(x)={
x 1Éf '(x)É3 9 :)/` f(t)dt (x¾0)
n y=f(x)
(4n 8n) (4n+1 8n+2)
(4n+2 8n+5) (4n+3 8n+7)
f(0)=0
k [2k 2k+1] f(x)
y=f(x) 2<f(1)<4 f(x)=x
3
:#6``f(x)dx=a 6a 167
(x+4 (3Éx<4)
f(x)={xÛ`-7x+20 (4Éx<5)
g '(x)=3x(x-a)
93x-5
a
(5Éx<6)
a=:#6` f(x)dx
-g '(x) (x<0) -3x(x-a) (x<0)
f(x)=[ f(x)=[
=:#4` (x+4)dx+:$5` (xÛ`-7x+20)dx+:%6` (3x-5)dx=

g '(x) (x¾0) 3x(x-a) (x¾0)
167
6 a=0 f(x)
167 y=f(x)
6a=6_ =167
6
a 1 f(x) t f(x)
f(x)=:#/T (sÛ`-4ts+3tÛ`)ds
f '(x)=0
g(x)=:)/` { f '(t+a)_f '(t-a)}dt

a b(a<b) a+a=b-a
[0 2] f(x) g(t)
g(x) x=a-a x=b+a
g(x) x=;2!; x=;;Á2£;; f '(x)=(x-t)(x-3t)
t>2 g(t)=;3@; (3t-2)Û`

f(0)=-;2!; a_f(1) 30
t>0 g(t) t=;2!;
a-a=;2!; b+a=;;Á2£;; a=;2#;
a-;2#;=;2!; a=2 b+;2#;=;;Á2£;; b=5
f(x)=xÜ`-;;ª2Á;;xÛ`+30x-;2!;
a_f(1)=;2#;_{1-;;ª2Á;;+30-;2!;}=;2#;_20=30
( 2 1
(3t-2)Û` {0<tÉ }
3 2
a(a>1) f(x) M
g(t)={ 4
tÜ`
1
{ <tÉ2}
3 2
f(x)=(x+1)(x-1)(x-a) M
2
9 3
(3t-2)Û` (t>2)
g(x)=xÛ`:)/` f(t)dt-:)/` tÛ`f(t)dt

t>0 g(t) t=;2!;
9'2 3'6 3'2 f(x)

8 4 2
'6
:)a` f(t)dt¾0
2'2
g(x)
:)a` f(t)dt=:)a` (tÜ`-atÛ`-t+a)dt=-;1Á2;aÛ`(aÛ`-6)

f(x) x=0 x=k
k
-;1Á2;aÛ`(aÛ`-6)¾0 aÛ`-6É0 -'6ÉaÉ'6 1 t
:)t`| f '(x)|dx=f(t)+f(0)
a>1 1<aÉ'6 a '6
a b f(x)=:)/``(t-a)(t-b)dt
:)k` f '(x)dx<0
a+b 0<k<t
0ÉxÉk f '(x)É0
k<xÉt f '(x)>0
f(x) x=;2!; 0<kÉ1
f(x) 0
f(a)-f(b)=;6!;
1 2 3
4 5 :)t`|f '(x)|dx=:)k`{-f '(x)}dx+:Kt` f '(x)dx=f(t)+f(0)-2f(k)
f '{;2!;}={;2!;-a}{;2!;-b}=0 a=;2!; b=;2!; y
f(a)-f(b)=:)a` (t-a)(t-b)dt-:)b` (t-a)(t-b)dt

f(t)+f(0)-2f(k)=f(t)+f(0) f(k)=0
f(x) x=k f(x) 0
=:Ba` (t-a)(t-b)dt=-
(a-b)Ü`
=;6!;
6
b-a=1 y
a=;2!; b=;2#; a+b=;2!;+;2#;=2

1 y=f(x) f(x)=4xÜ`-24xÛ`+36x-8k k
g(x)
( :)/` f(t)dt (xÉa x¾b)
f(0)=f(6)=0 g(x)=Ò
9 c (a<x<b)
y=f(x) y=-f(x-k)
k g(x)
(a f(a)) (b f(b)) (c f(c))
a b c k+a+b+c
a<b<c) k
:òr`{ f(x)+f(x-k)}dx=0
1 3 5
7 9
y=f(x) Ú k<0 a b
y=-f(x-k) Û k=0 k+a+b+c=0+(-1)+3+27=29
Ü k=1 k+a+b+c=13-'6 k+a+b+c=13+'6
Ý k=2 k+a+b+c=2+1+5+(-5)=3
x
:)k``f(x)dx
Þ k¾3 a b
Ú Þ k+a+b+c Ý
4
3
16
:)k` f(x)dx=:)2` x(x-3)(x-6)dx=:)2` (xÜ`-9xÛ`+18x)dx
-3xÜ`+9xÛ`]2)=16
xÝ`
=[ f(x) f(0)>0 g(x)
4
g(x)=|:)/``f(t)dt|
y=g(x)
x=-3 x=a(a>-3) f(x)
( f(x) (x<-3)
9 :)/` | f '(t)|dt (x¾-3)

g(x)=Ò
f(x)=0 3
f '(0)<0
:M
m+2`
g(-3)=-16 g(a)=-8 f(x)dx>0 m
g(x) 3
g(x)
|:A4`{ f(x)+g(x)}dx| 80
:A4` { f(x)+g(x)}dx=:_4! [ f(x)+{-f(x)-16}]dx f(x)=0 (0 2) (2 5)
=:_4! (-16)dx=[-16x]4_!=-64-16=-80
(5 8)
f(x) x=0
|:A4`{ f(x)+g(x)}dx|=80
f '(0)<0
:M m` Ñ` 2` f(x)dx>0
m 3 4 5 3
x
x
x
f(x)¾0 f(x)<0 f(x)¾g(x)
f(x)<g(x)
f(x) [a b] f(x)¾0
:Ab` f(x)dx y=f(x) x
x=a x=b
x
f(x) a b y=f(x) f(x)=a(x-a)(x-b)(a+0 a<b)
x x=a x=b S y=f(x) x
S=:Ab`|f(x)|dx
S
|a|(b-a)Ü`
S=
6
[a b] f(x) a<c<b c
[a c] [c b]
S=:Ab` | f(x)|dx=:Ac` f(x)dx+:Cb` {-f(x)}dx
f(x)¾0
f(x)É0
y=xÛ` x x=1 S
S=:)1`|xÛ`|dx=:)1`xÛ`dx=[;3!;xÜ`]1)=;3!; f(x) a b
f(x)¾0 :Ab``f(x)dx
y=f(x) x x=a
x=b
f(x) g(x)
[a b]
y=f(x) y=g(x)
y=f(x) x
x=a x=b
S=:Ab`|f(x)-g(x)|dx
SÁ Sª
:ò f(x)dx=0
c
S
[a b] f(x) g(x) a<c<b
[a c] [c b]
S=:Ab` | f(x)-g(x)|dx=:Ac` { f(x)-g(x)}dx+:Cb` { g(x)-f(x)}dx
c f(x)¾g(x) f(x)Ég(x)
y=f(x)
y=-xÛ`+1 y=2x+1 S
y=g(x) SÁ
x -xÛ`+1=2x+1 x=-2 x=0 Sª
S=:_0@`|(-xÛ`+1)-(2x+1)|dx=:_0@`(-xÛ`-2x)dx=[-;3!;xÜ`-xÛ`]0_@=;3$; :ò { f(x)-g(x)}dx=0
c
y=f(x) y=f -1(x)

y=f(x) y=f -1(x) y=x
y=f(x) y=x x a b
y=f(x) y=f (x) -1
S
S=:òÕ` | f(x)-f -1(x)|dx=2:òÕ` | f(x)-x|dx

P t x=f(t)
aÉtÉc v(t)¾0
c<tÉb v(t)<0
a<c<b)
P t v(t)
x=f(t) t=t¼ P x¼
t P x x=f(t)=x¼+: t`v(t)dt
t¼
P s
t=a t=b P
f(b)-f(a)=:Ab`v(t)dt
s={f(c)-f(a)}+{f(c)-f(b)}
t=b =:Ac`v(t)dt+:Cb`{-v(t)}dt
=:Ac`|v(t)|dt+:Cb`|v(t)|dt
t=a
t=b
t=a t=b P s
s=:Ab`|v(t)|dt =:Ab`|v(t)|dt
x
y=-xÛ`+1 ;3$;
y=-xÛ`+5x y=x :£3ª:
y=xÛ`+4x+3 ;3$;
y=xÛ`-2x y=2x-3 ;3$;
y=x(x-1)(x-2) ;2!;
y=xÛ`-2x+1 y=-xÛ`+4x+9 :Á;3@;°:
y=2xÛ`-4x
A B a 3\
a>2)
P t v(t)=tÛ`+2t
t t=0 t=2
P :ª3:¼
x=0 x=1 y=0 y=1 P t

y=xÝ` v(t)=tÛ`-4 P
SÁ`:`Sª 4 1 P -:Á3¤:
P t
v(t)=tÛ`-2t+3 t=0 t=1
P ;3&;
x
a b(a<b) f(x)
x f(x)=(x-a)(x-b)
f(x) [a b] y=f(x) :)a` f(x)dx=;;Á6Á;; :)b` f(x)dx=-;3*;

x x=a x=b S
S=:Ab``f(x)dx
y=f(x) x
a b f(x)¾0
S=:Ab``{-f(x)}dx
4 ;2(; 5
a b f(x)É0
;;Á2Á;; 6
f(x) [a b] f(x)¾0 y=f(x) x
:Ab``f(x)dx y=f(x) x x=a x=b :Ab` | f(x)|dx=-:Ab` f(x)dx
=-{ :A0` f(x)dx+:)b` f(x)dx}
:Ab``f(x)dxÉ0
=-{ :)b` f(x)dx-:)a` f(x)dx}
[a b] f(x)É0
a b y=f(x) x
=-{-;3*;-;;Á6Á;;}=;2(;
y=f(x) x x=a x=b
S |`f(x)|
a b f(x)É0 y=f(x) x
x=a x=b S
S=:Ab`|`f(x)|dx=:Ab`{-f(x)}dx
f(x)
y=6xÛ`-12x x
x f(x)=f(x-3)+4
:)6` f(x)dx=0
8
6xÛ`-12x=0 6x(x-2)=0
x=0 x=2
:)2``|6xÛ`-12x|dx=-:)2``(6xÛ`-12x)dx
y=f(x) x x=6 x=9
=-[2xÜ`-6xÛ`]]2)=-(16-24)=8
9 12 15
18 21
:^9` f(x)dx=:^9` { f(x-3)+4}dx=:^9` f(x-3)dx+:^9` 4dx
y=|x|(x+1) x
=:#6` f(x)dx+[4x]9^=:#6` f(x-3)dx+:#6` 4dx+12
=:)3` f(x)dx+[4x]6#+12=(-6)+(24-12)+12=18
;1Á4; ;1Á2; ;1Á0;
;8!; ;6!;
S=:_0! {-x(x+1)}dx
=:_0! (-xÛ`-x)dx=[-;3!;xÜ`-;2!;xÛ`]0_!
=;6!;
f(x) l y
A C(6 0) y
f '(x)=3xÛ`-4x-4 B OABC f(x)=xÜ`-6xÛ`
y=f(x) (2 0) x l
D ODC
y=f(x) x 54 ABÓ OCÓ
;;°3¤;; ;;°3¥;; 20
;;¤3ª;; ;;¤3¢;;
f(x)=xÜ`-2xÛ`-4x+8=(x+2)(x-2)Û`
S
S=:_2@`(xÜ`-2xÛ`-4x+8)dx=2:)2``(-2xÛ`+8)dx
=2[-;3@; xÜ`+8x]2)=;;¤3¢;; SÁ=Sª
-:)6` (xÜ`-6xÛ`)dx=-:)6` (ax+b)dx
:)6` (xÜ`-6xÛ`-ax-b)dx=0 [;4!;xÝ`-2xÜ`-;2A;xÛ`-bx]6)=0
18+3a+b=0 jK b=-3a-18
l y=ax-3a-18=a(x-3)-18 jK a(x-3)-18-y=0
l x=3 y=-18 a
l (3 -18)
f(x)=|x|3-2x y=f(x) x ODC ;2!;_6_18=54
1
S
'2 '2
S=:) |f(x)|dx=:) (-xÜ`+2x)dx
f(x) y=f '(x)
=[-;4!;xÝ`+xÛ`]) =-1+2=1
'2
3
a f(x)
f(0)+f(a)=2f(3)+15
:)3` |f '(x)|dx=9
1 f(x) f(3)=0
:)2`0`1`3``f(x)dx=:#2`0`1`3``f(x)dx
y=f(x) x y=f '(x) x x=a

S 30S 40 6
S=:!3``|(x-3)(x-1)|dx=-:!3``(xÛ`-4x+3)dx :)3` |f'(x)|dx=:)3`{-f'(x)}dx=-:)3` f'(x)dx
=-[;3!;xÜ`-2xÛ`+3x]3!=;3$; =-[ f(x)]3)=-{ f(3)-f(0)}=9

f(3)-f(0)=-9
30S=30_;3$;=40
f(0)+f(a)=2f(3)+15
f(a)-f(3)=f(3)-f(0)+15=-9+15=6
3 a [3 a] f'(x)¾0
y=f'(x) x x=a
:#a` |f'(x)|dx=:#a` f'(x)dx=[f(x)]a#=f(a)-f(3)=6

x
f(x)=x2-4x+3 y=f |x|
f(x) [a b] y=f(x) x
x x=a x=b S
S=:Ab`|`f(x)|dx ;3$; ;3*; 4
;;Á3¤;; ;;ª3¼;;
S=2:)3`|f(|x|)|dx
f(x) [a b] f(x)¾0 f(x)<0
y=f(x) x x=a x=b
=2[:)1`(xÛ`-4x+3)dx+:!3`(-xÛ`+4x-3)dx]
f(x)¾0 f(x)<0
=2[[;3!;xÜ`-2xÛ`+3x]1)+[-;3!;xÜ`+2xÛ`-3x]3!]
=2[{;3!;-2+3}+[(-9+18-9)-{-;3!;+2-3}]]=;;Á3¤;;
f(x)=xÜ`-9x x
f(x)
;;¦2¦;; 39 ;;¦2»;;
f(x)=-f(-x)
40 ;;¥2Á;; f '(2)=0
S=:_3# | f(x)|dx=:_0# f(x)dx-:)3 f(x)dx

y=f(x) x
18
=2:_0# f(x)dx=2:_0# (xÜ`-9x)dx=2[;4!; xÝ`-;2(; xÛ`]0_#
=-2{;;¥4Á;;-;;¥2Á;;}=;;¥2Á;; f(x) a b a-b

8
f(x)=;4!;xÜ`-3x f(x)
x=-2 f(-2)=;4!;_(-8)-3_(-2)=4
f(x) f '(x) f '(x)=xÛ`-1 f(0)=0 x=2 f(2)=;4!;_8-3_2=-4

y=f(x) x a=4 b=-4
a-b=4-(-4)=8
1 f(x)
x f(-x)=-f(x)
f(x) x=a x=b
a<b)
;8(; ;4%; ;;Á8Á;;

y=f '(x) x 32
;2#; ;;Á8£;; y=f(x) x

72
f(x)=: f '(x)dx=: (xÛ`-1)dx=;3!; xÜ`-x+C C
y=f(x) x S
f(0)=0 C=0 2'3
S=: `|f(x)|dx
f(x)=;3!; xÜ`-x -2'3
2'3
'3 '3 =-2:) `(xÜ`-12x)dx
=: |f(x)|dx=2:)```{-;3!;xÜ`+x}dx
=-2[;4!;xÝ`-6xÛ`]) =72
=2_[-;1Á2;xÝ`+;2!;xÛ`]) =2_{-;4#;+;2#;}=;2#;
-'3
2'3
'3
y=xÛ`-4x+3 y=3
[a b] y=f(x) y=g(x) 10 ;;£3Á;; ;;£3ª;;

S
S=:Ab`|`f(x)-g(x)|dx 11 ;;£3¢;;
:)4``{3-(xÛ`-4x+3)}dx=:)4``(-xÛ`+4x)dx=[-;3!; xÜ`+2xÛ`]4)
y=axÛ`+bx+c y=mx+n
=-;3!;_64+2_16=;;£3ª;;
x=a x=b(a<b)
S
|a|
S= `(b-a)Ü`
6
y=xÛ`-x+2 y=2
Ú
Û x
;9!; ;6!; ;9@;

ÜÛ
-
;1°8; ;3!;
=:)1`{2-(xÛ`-x+2)}dx
=[-;3!;xÜ`+;2!;xÛ`]1)=;6!;
y=xÜ`-2xÛ`+k y=k
k
;3!; ;3@; 1
;3$; ;3%; y=x2-3x+1 y=x-2
:)2``|xÜ`-2xÛ`+k-k|dx=:)2``|xÜ`-2xÛ`|dx=-:)2``(xÜ`-2xÛ`)dx
=-[;4!; xÝ`-;3@; xÜ`]2)=-{4-;;Á3¤;;}=;3$; ;3!; ;3@; 1
;3$; ;3%;
y=xÛ`-3x+1 y=x-2 S
S=:!3`{(x-2)-(xÛ`-3x+1)}dx=:!3`(-xÛ`+4x-3)dx
=[-;3!;xÜ`+2xÛ`-3x]3!=;3$;
y=xÛ`-7x+10 y=-x+10
36
S=:)6` {(-x+10)-(xÛ`-7x+10)}dx
y=-2xÛ`+3x y=x
=:)6` (-xÛ`+6x)dx=[-;3!; xÜ`+3xÛ`]6)

;pQ; p+q p q
=-72+108=36 4
-2xÛ`+3x=x 2xÛ`-2x=0
2x(x-1)=0 x=0 x=1
0 1 y=-2xÛ`+3x y=x
S
S=:)1``{(-2xÛ`+3x)-x}dx=:)1``(-2xÛ`+2x)dx=[-;3@;xÜ`+xÛ`]1)=;3!;
p=3 q=1 p+q=3+1=4

y=x3-3x2+x y=x-4 y=xÛ` P(a aÛ`) Q(b bÛ`)
PQ y=xÛ` 36
;;ª4Á;; ;;ª4£;; ;;ª4°;;
;;ª4¦;; ;;ª4»;;
y=xÜ`-3xÛ`+x y=x-4 S
S=:_2!`{(xÜ`-3xÛ`+x)-(x-4)}dx
=:_2!`(xÜ`-3xÛ`+4)dx=[;4!;xÝ`-xÜ`+4x]2_!=;;ª4¦;;
PQÓ
lim 12
a Ú¦ a
PQÓ="Ã(b-a)Û`+(bÛ`-aÛ`)Û`="Ã(b-a)Û`+{(b-a)(b+a)}Û`
="Ã(b-a)Û`{1+(b+a)Û`}="Ã36{1+(2a+6)Û`}
=6"Ã1+4(a+3)Û`
6"Ã1+4(a+3)Û` 2
lim PQÓ =lim 1
=lim 6æ¾Ð +4{1+;a#;} =6_2=12
a Ú¦ a a Ú¦ a a Ú¦ aÛ`
n y=axÛ`(a>0) Pn
PÁ (xÁ axÁÛ`) a y=3x3-2a2x
Pn+1 Pn(xn axnÛ`) y=-a2x S(a) S '(1)
y=-axnx+2axnÛ` y=axÛ`
Pn
;6!; ;3!; ;2!;
;3@; ;6%;
a
'3
S(a)=: |(3xÜ`-2aÛ`x)-(-aÛ`x)|dx=;6!;aÝ`
- a
'3
S'(a)=;3@;aÜ` S'(1)=;3@;
PÁ {1 ;3!;} y=axÛ` PÁPª
2
x=-1 x=1 2 -2
1 f(x) y=f(x) y=-2
;3$; ;;Á9¼;; ;9*;
;3@; ;9$;
y=;3!; xÛ` ;;Á2£;; ;;ª4¦;; 7
y=-;3!;x+;3@;
PÁPª
;;ª4»;; ;;Á2°;;
S=:_1@`{(xÜ`-3x)-(-2)}dx
:_0@`[{-;3!; x+;3@;}-;3!; xÛ`]dx=:_0@`{-;3!; x+;3@;-;3!; xÛ`}dx
=[-;6!; xÛ`+;3@; x-;9!; xÜ`]0_@=;3@;+;3$;-;9*; =:_1@`(xÜ`-3x+2)dx=[;4!;xÝ`-;2#;xÛ`+2x]1_@=;;ª4¦;;
=;;Á9º¼;;
f(x)=xÛ`-2x y=f(x)
[a b] y=f(x) y=g(x) y=-f(x-1)-1
S
S=:Ab``|`f(x)-g(x)|dx ;6~!; ;4!!; ;3!!;
;1°2; ;2!!;
y=f(x) y=-f(x-1)-1
:!2` {(-xÛ`+4x-4)-(xÛ`-2x)}dx=:!2` (-2xÛ`+6x-4)dx
Ú
Û x
ÜÛ =[-;3@; xÜ`+3xÛ`-4x]2!=;3!;
-
1 f(x) f(0)=0
2 2
f(x)=-x +6x-2 g(x)=x -11x+24 x f(1-x)=-f(1+x)
y=f(x) y=g(x) y y=f(x) y=-6xÛ` S
4S 2
x f(1-x)=-f(1+x) f(1)=0 f(2)=0
;;¦3¼;; ;;¦3¢;; f(x)=x(x-1)(x-2)=xÜ`-3xÛ`+2x
S=:_@-` 1` | f(x)-(-6xÛ`)|dx+:_!0` | f(x)-(-6xÛ`)|dx

24
=:_@-` 1` (xÜ`+3xÛ`+2x)dx+:_0! (-xÜ`-3xÛ`-2x)dx=;2!;

;;¦3¤;; 26
S=:)2``{ g(x)-f(x)}dx=:)2``{(xÛ`-11x+24)-(-xÛ`+6x-2)}dx
4S=4_;2!;=2
=:)2``(2xÛ`-17x+26)dx=[;3@;xÜ`-;;Á2¦;;xÛ`+26x]2)=;;¦3¼;;
1 y=f(x)
y=g(x)
x=0 x=2 y=f(x)
y=xÛ` y=;4!; xÛ` O(0 0)
y=g(x) y=f(x)
A(n 0) B(n nÛ`) C(0 nÛ`) OABC (-1 0) (1 0) x
y
y=g(x)
-1 O 1 2 x
y=f(x)
n=4 y=xÛ` y=;4!; xÛ` AB

;3@; ;3$; 2
14 16 18 ;3*; ;;Á3¼;;
20 22 S=:)2`{ g(x)-f(x)}dx=:)2`{(xÛ`-x+1)-(xÜ`-xÛ`-x+1)}dx
:)4``{xÛ`-;4!; xÛ`}dx=:)4``;4#; xÛ`dx=[;4!; xÜ` ]4)=;4!;_4Ü`=16 =:)2`(-xÜ`+2xÛ`)dx=[-;4!;xÝ`+;3@;xÜ`]2)=;3$;

0Éf(x)Ég(x) :)3``f(x)dx=9
y=xÛ`-4x+6
f(x) g(x)
A(3 3) l y=xÛ`-4x+6
y=f(x) y=g(x) x=0 l y
x=t(t>0) t 3+2t
y=g(x) x=0 x=3 x
42
:)t``g(x)dx-:)t``f(x)dx=tÜ`+2t :)3``g(x)dx-:)3``f(x)dx=27+6=33
:)3``f(x)dx=9 :)3``g(x)dx=42
y=g(x) x=0 x=3 x

42
(0 -2) y=ax2+bx+c 26 28
9
y=x 2
x=1 3 3
y 29
10
3
S=:)3` |(xÛ`-4x+6)-(2x-3)|dx
a b c
=:)3`(xÛ`-6x+9)dx=[;3!; xÜ`-3xÛ`+9x]3)
y
y=xÛ
=;3!;_27-3_9+9_3=9
O 1 x
-3 y=f(x)
(2 f(2)) y=g(x) y=f(x)
-2
y=axÛ`+bx+c y=f(x) y=g(x)
;3@; ;4#; ;5$;

y=g(x)
;6%; ;7^;
y S
S=:)1`{xÛ`-(-xÛ`+4x-2)}dx=:)1`(2xÛ`-4x+2)dx
=[;3@;xÜ`-2xÛ`+2x]1)=;3@;-2+2=;3@;
[a b] y=f(x) y=g(x)
S
S=:Ab``|`f(x)-g(x)|dx
;2&; ;;Á4°;; 4
;;Á4¦;; ;2(;
y=f(x) y=g(x) x=2 x=0
Ú g(x)-f(x)=3x(x-2)Û`
Û y=f(x) y=g(x) S
Ü x S=:)2` { g(x)-f(x)}dx=:)2` 3x(x-2)Û`dx=:)2` (3xÜ`-12xÛ`+12x)dx
=[;4#; xÝ`-4xÜ`+6xÛ`]2)=12-32+24=4
ÝÜ
-
y=axÛ`+2 y=2|x| P O A(4 0)
2
A B y=axÛ`+2 y=2|x| f(x)=-x +4x P x
a 1 t P
y=f(x) y S(t)
t=3 S(t) 9
0<t<4)
y
O A x
S(t)=:)t`{(-2t+4)x+tÛ`-(-xÛ`+4x)}dx
;;Á6£;; ;3&; ;2%;
f(x)=-xÛ`+4x
;3*; ;;Á6¦;; =:)t`(xÛ`-2tx+tÛ`)dx=[;3!;xÜ`-txÛ`+tÛ`x]t)=;3!;tÜ`-tÜ`+tÜ`=;3!;tÜ`
2_:)2` |{;2!; xÛ`+2}-2x|dx=2_:)2` {;2!; xÛ`+2-2x}dx

S'(t)=tÛ` t=3 S(t)
S'(3)=3Û`=9
=2_[;6!; xÜ`+2x-xÛ`]2)=2_;3$;=;3*;
O 2
6 A B C D E F A B
OA OB CÁ
B C OB OC Cª
C£ C¢ C° C¤ 6
(0 1) y=x3+3
;;ª4°;; ;;ª4¦;; ;;ª4»;;
;;£4Á;; ;;£4£;;
S=:_1@{(xÜ`+3)-(3x+1)}dx=:_1@(xÜ`-3x+2)dx
=[;4!;xÝ`-;2#;xÛ`+2x]1_@={;4!;-;2#;+2}-(4-6-4)=;;ª4¦;; 2'3
5'3
3'3
2
7'3
4'3
2
y='3x y=-'3x CÁ x=0
S=12:)1`{
'3 '3
xÛ`+ -'3x}dx=2'3
2 2
f(x)=;2!; xÜ` P(a b)
y=f(x)
y=f(x) y=g(x) SÁ y=g(x) y=f(x) x x=1 SÁ

Sª
y=f(x) x=1 y=b
SÁ Sª Sª SÁ=Sª 30a 40
SÁ=Sª a c b x
a>1)
:Ab`{ f(x)-g(x)}dx=0
:Ab`{ f(x)-g(x)}dx=:Ac`{ f(x)-g(x)}dx+:Cb`{ f(x)-g(x)}dx

SÁ>0 Sª>0 SÁ=Sª
=SÁ+(-Sª)=SÁ-Sª=0
SÁ=:)1` ;2!; xÜ`dx=[;8!; xÝ`]1)=;8!;
Sª=:!a` {b-;2!; xÜ`}dx=:!a` {;2!; aÜ`-;2!; xÜ`}dx
=[;2!; aÜ`x-;8!; xÝ`]a!=;8#; aÝ`-;2!; aÜ`+;8!;

f(x)=-(x+1)Ü`+8 x
A A x
l y=f(x) y y=k(0<k<7) SÁ=Sª a=;3$; a>1) 30a=30_;3$;=40
SÁ y=f(x)
l y=k Sª
SÁ=Sª k 4k
17
x2-;2!;k2 (x<0)
f(x)= [
x-;2!;k2 (x¾0)
y=f(x) y=;2!;k2
y
k k>0)
:)1``{-(x+1)Ü`+8-k}dx=:Á4¦:-k=0
k=:Á4¦: 4k=17
y=xÛ`-5x y=x ;3@; 1 ;3$;

x=k k
;3%; 2
=:_0K`[;2!;kÛ`-{xÛ`-;2!;kÛ`}]dx=[-;3!;xÜ`+kÛ`x]0_K=;3@;kÜ`
3 ;;Á4£;; ;2&;
(A
;;Á4°;; 4 (B =;2!;_kÛ`_kÛ`=;2!;kÝ`
S=:)6` |(xÛ`-5x)-x|dx=:)6` (6x-xÛ`)dx=[3xÛ`-;3!; xÜ`]6) ;3@;kÜ`=;2!;kÝ` k=;3$;
=3_36-;3!;_216=36
:)k` {x-(xÛ`-5x)}dx=:)k` (6x-xÛ`)dx=[3xÛ`-;3!; xÜ`]k)=-;3!; kÜ`+3kÛ`
-;3!; kÜ`+3kÛ`=;2!; S=18 k=3 0<k<6)

(0 -1) (2 -1) (2 4) (0 4) y=-x2+3x y=x
y=xÜ`-xÛ` A SÁ y=-xÛ`+3x y=x x=k
A B y=ax Sª 7
B Sª =
C D A C SÁ 32
300a 200
k 100k 2<k<3)
250
y x=k
y=x
B
A
O 3 x
y=-xÛ`+3x
SÁ=:)2`(-xÛ`+3x-x)dx=[-;3!;xÜ`+xÛ`]2)=-;3*;+4=;3$;
:)2``(xÜ`-xÛ`+1)dx=:)2``(ax+1)dx 300a=300_;3@;=200 Sª=:@k`{x-(-xÛ`+3x)}dx
=[;3!;xÜ`-xÛ`]k@=;3!;kÜ`-kÛ`+;3$;
Sª 7 1Ñ'¶21
= k=;2%; k=
SÁ 32 4
2<k<3 k=;2%;
100k=100_;2%;=250
S
y=g(x)
:Ab` { f(x)-g(x)}dx=;2!; S
A(2 0) B(0 3)
SÁ Sª
y=axÛ`(a>0)` y
SÁ Sª
1
SÁ
AB y=axÛ`
x
y=x2+2x y
Sª SÁ Sª=13 3 a
x y=xÛ`+2x
y=x2+2x y=ax(xÛ`-4) ;9@; ;3!; ;9$;
y=ax(x2-4) x
;9%; ;3@;
-2 O
;2#; y=-;2#;x+3 y=axÛ` x
a p(0<p<2) apÛ`=-;2#;p+3
-;4!; pÛ`+2p=;1#6(; p=;2#;

-;4(; -;9!; ;9@; 0<p<2)
;4(; a=-;4(;+3=;4#; a=;3!;

;9%; ;;Á9¦;;
SÁ=:_0@`|xÛ`+2x|dx=;3$;
Sª=:_0@`(axÜ`-4ax-xÛ`-2x)dx=4a+;3$;
SÁ=;2#;Sª ;3$;=;2#;{4a+;3$;}
6a=-;3@; a=-;9!;
y=x(x-2)+a x y
[a b] y=f(x) y=g(x) A y=x(x-2)+a x
S
S=:Ab``|`f(x)-g(x)|dx
B y=x(x-2)+a x x=2
C A+C=B
2
a 90a a<1)
40
SÁ y
y=x(x-2)+a
Sª S£ SÁ Sª S£
A C
O x
B
x=2
:)2`{x(x-2)+a}dx=A-B+C
(0 4) l
y=;4!;xÛ` (x¾0) y l
A+C=B :)2`{x(x-2)+a}dx=B-B=0
A y=4 l B
x l C A B C :)2`{x(x-2)+a}dx=:)2`(xÛ`-2x+a)dx
=[;3!;xÜ`-xÛ`+ax]2)=;3*;-4+2a=0
SÁ Sª S£ SÁ Sª S£=3 1 2
l
-;3$;+2a=0 a=;3@;
90aÛ`=90_{;3@;} =40
2
y=ax2(0<a<1) y=1
-;3%; -;2#;
2
-1 y=x
a 81a 9
-;5#; -;3!;
SÁ+Sª=4_4-:)4` ;4!;xÛ`dx=:£3ª: SÁ+S£=;2!;_k_4=2k
y
y=xÛ
y=axÛ
SÁ=3a Sª=a S£=2a(a>0)
SÁ+Sª=3a+a=:£3ª:, 4a=:£3ª: a=;3*;
1
SÁ+S£=3a+2a=2k 2k=5a=5_;3*;=:¢3¼: k=:ª3¼: y=1
=-;5#;
0-4 x
l O
:ª3¼:-0
x¾0 y=xÛ` y y=1 SÁ
y=axÛ` y y=1 Sª
3SÁ=Sª
3:)1`(1-xÛ`)dx=:) (1-axÛ`)dx 3[x-;3!;xÜ`]1)=[x- xÜ`])

1 1
'a a 'a
3
1 1 2
3{1-;3!;}= - 2= '§a=;3!; a=;9!;
'§a 3'§a 3'§a
81a=81_;9!;=9
f(x)=(x+2)(x-a) y=f(x) x
SÁ y=f(x) x
x=2 Sª SÁ+Sª
Ú
a -2<a<2)
Û
-2-2'2 -2-'2 -2
Ü -2+'2 -2+2'2
SÁ+Sª=;3!; aÜ`+2aÛ`-4a+8
g(a)=;3!; aÜ`+2aÛ`-4a+8 g(a) a=-2+2'2
a+b
a>0 b>0 ¾'¶ab a=b a -2+2'2
2
+
f(x) [a b]
f(x) f(a) f(b)
f(x) f(a) f(b)
a b c 2b=a+c
a b c bÛ`=ac
1
y=kxÛ` y=- xÛ` x=1
k
m k a ma
k>0)
;3!; ;3@; 1
;3$; ;3%; (0 0) (1 0) (1 1) (0 1)
S=:)1` [kxÛ`-{- xÛ`}]dx={k+ }[;3!; xÜ`]1)=;3!; {k+ } y=;2!; xÛ` y=axÛ`

1 1 1
k k k
S
SÁ Sª S£
1 1 1
;3!; {k+ }¾;3!;_2¾¨k_ =;3@; { k= }
k k k
1
m=;3@; k k= kÛ`-1=0
k
(k+1)(k-1)=0 k=1 k>0 jK a=1 ma=;3@;_1=;3@;
1
y= xÜ` y=nx Sn
n
Sn>100 n
SÁ Sª S£ a
2 3 4
5 6
Sn=2:)n` {nx- xÜ`}dx=2[ xÛ`- xÝ`]n)=
1 n 1 nÜ` ;;Á9¤;; ;;Á9¦;; 2
n 2 4n 2
;;Á9»;; ;;ª9¼;;
nÜ`
Sn>100 >100 nÜ`>200
2
SÁ=:)1`;2!;xÛ`dx=[;6!;xÜ`]1)=;6!; S£=1_
1
1 2
5Ü`=125 6Ü`=216 n -:) 'aàxÛ`dx=
6 'a 3'a
2
Sª=1-(SÁ+S£ =;6%;-
3'a
2Sª=SÁ+S£
'a6=;3$; jK a=;;Á9¤;;
4 2
;3%;- =;6!;+
3'a6 3'a6
f(x)=xÛ`-5x+4 x y f(x)=-xÛ`+x+2
SÁ y=f(x) x y=f(x) x y
Sª y=f(x) x x=k(k>4) x=k(0<k<2) SÁ Sª S£
S£ SÁ Sª S£ SÁ Sª S£ Sª
:)k``f(x)dx
3 ;2&; 4 1 ;4%; ;3$;
;2(; 5 ;2#; 2
2Sª=SÁ+S£ :)k``f(x)dx=SÁ-Sª+S£=Sª 3Sª=SÁ+Sª+S£=:_2! f(x)dx=:_2! (-xÛ`+x+2)dx
Sª=:!4``|f(x)|dx=:!4``(-xÛ`+5x-4)dx=;2(; =[-;3!;xÜ`+;2!;xÛ`+2x]2_!=;2(; Sª=;2#;
f(x) f -1(x) y=f(x)

-1
y=f (x) y=x
1 2 {an} n
Pn f(x) :Ab``f(x)dx f -1(x)
:Ab``f(x)dx
PÁ (1 1)
Pn x an
PnPn+1 ;2!; an+1
f(x)=xÜ`+x-1
:!9` g(x)dx
x¾1 y=f(x) n
[an an+1] PnPn+1 g(x)
:!1`1` f(x)dx
140 145 150 ;;¢4¦;; ;;¢4»;;

155 160
Pn (an bn)
;;°4Á;; ;;°4£;;
:!1`1` f(x)dx
;;°4°;;
:!9` g(x)dx=2_9-1_1-:!2` f(x)dx

=(bÁ+bª)+(bª+b£ +(b£+b¢ +(b¢+b° +(b°+b¤
=(1+4)+(4+9)+(9+16)+(16+25)+(25+36)
=2_9-1_1-:!2` (xÜ`+x-1)dx
=145
=18-1-[;4!;xÝ`+;2!;xÛ`-x]2!=;;°4Á;;
f(x)=x2+1(x¾0) g(x) f(x)=axÛ`+b(xæ¾0)
:)1``f(x)dx+:!2``g(x)dx
g(x) x 1 2
0ÉxÉ1 y=f(x) y=g(x) x y
1 2 3 A 1ÉxÉ2
4 5 y=f(x) y=g(x) B
:)1``f(x)dx+:!2`g(x)dx A-B a b
y
y=f(x)
=(A +(B
2 y=g(x)
C
=(A +(C =1_2=2 1
A B
O 1 2 x
;9!; ;9@; ;3!;
;9$; ;9%;
f(x) y=f(x) A-B=2:)1`{f(x)-x}dx-2:!2`{x-f(x)}dx=;9$;
(1 1) (4 4)
:!4``f(x)dx=6 :!4``f`-1(x)dx
f`-1(x) f(x)
7 8 9
10 11
y=f(x) y=x A
:!4``f (x)dx=2A+:!4``f(x)dx=2_;2#;+6=9
-1
x y
y=f(x) y=g(x)
2:3 :)1`5` f(x)dx
g(x) f(x) 45
f(x) f -1(x) y=f(x) :)1`5` f(x)dx=A 2:3

y=f (x)-1
x a b(a<b)
y=f(x) y=f -1(x) S 2A B=2 3 jK B=3A y
2A+B=15Û` 2A+3A=225 jK A=45
:)1`5` f(x)dx=45
S=2:òÕ``|x-f(x)|dx=2:òÕ``|x-f -1(x)|dx
y=f(x) y=f -1(x)

y=x y=f(x) y=f -1(x)
y=f(x) y=f -1(x) y=x
2
f(x)=;3$;x3+;3@;x(x¾0) g(x)
y=f(x) y=g(x) x=2 y=2
y=f(x) y=f(x)
y y=f(x)
ABCD S C
S>:Ab``f(x)dx
D
2 y=2
A(a,`0) B(b,`0) x
y=g(x)
O 2 x
x=2
1 f(x)
1 ;8(; ;4%; x
f '(-x)=-f '(x)
;;Á8Á;; ;2#; f '(1)=0 f(1)=2
y=f(x) y y=2 SÁ
y=f(x) y=g(x) Sª
2_2-2SÁ+Sª=4-2_;3$;+;2Á4;=;;Á8Á;; f '(-1)=0
k :_0K` f(x)dx=:)k` f(x)dx
0<t<1 t :_tT` f(x)dx<6t
f(x)=xÝ`-2xÛ`+3
:_tT` f(x)dx<6t
f(x) f '(x)
f '(x)=0 a 0 b(a<0<b)
S=:ò0` | f '(x)|dx T=:)Õ` | f '(x)|dx
f(x) x=0
a+b=0 S=T
S<T f(a)=0 f(x)=0
2
S<T f(0)-f(a)<-f(b)+f(0) f(a)=0

f(0)<-f(b)+f(0) f(b)<0
f(x) x=0 x=a x=b
f(x)=0 2
f(x) x P t(t¾0)
f(x+8)=f(x) y v(t)
8
0Éx<8 f(x) v(t)=4t-10
( 8x (0Éx<1) P t=1 P t=k(k>1)
f(x)={
-4x+12 (1Éx<5) k
5
8x-48 (5Éx<7) O 1 3 67 8 x
9 -8x+64 (7Éx<8)
y=f(x)
3 ;2&; 4
y=f(x)
;2(;
:_kK`|f(x)|dx=680
5
-8 x(1)=x(0)+:)1` (4t-10)dt=x(0)+[2tÛ`-10t]1)=x(0)-8
k k>0) x(k)=x(0)+:)k` (4t-10)dt=x(0)+[2tÛ`-10t]k)=x(0)+2kÛ`-10k
x(1)=x(k)
81 82 83 x(0)-8=x(0)+2kÛ`-10k
84 85 2kÛ`-10k+8=0 k=4 k>1)
:_kK`| f(x)|dx=680
=:_8*0)`| f(x)|dx+:*8)5`| f(x)|dx+:_-*8%0`| f(x)|dx
=:_8*5%`| f(x)|dx k=85

P Q
t(t¾0) 3tÛ`+6t-6 10t-6
P Q t=a a
P t v(t) 1 ;2#; 2
x(t)
:Ab``v(t)dt
;2%; 3
t=a t=b P
x(a)=x(0)+:)a``v(t)dt
P Q t=a (a>0) xP(a)=xQ(a)
t=a P aÜ`+3aÛ`-6a=5aÛ`-6a aÜ`-2aÛ`=0 aÛ`(a-2)=0
a=0 a=2
a>0 a=2
t=0
P t(t¾0) v(t) P Q t(t¾0)
v(t)=-4t+5 vÁ(t)=3tÛ`+t vª(t)=2tÛ`+3t
t=3 P 11 t=0 P Q P Q
P a 9a 12
t=2 P Q 10 ;;£3¢;;
11 12 13
14 15 P Q a a=|10-;;£3¢;;|=;3$;
P t x(t)
9a=9_;3$;=12
x(t)=: (-4t+5)dt=-2tÛ`+5t+C C
x(3)=11 C=14
x(t)=-2tÛ`+5t+14
t=0 P x(0)=14
P t(t¾0) P t(t¾0)
v(t) v(t)
v(t)=3(t-2)(t-a) a>2 v(t)=-2t+4
P t=0 0 t>0 P t=0 t=4 P
0 v(8)
8 9 10
27 36 45 11 12
54 63
x(t)=:)t` {3tÛ`-3(a+2)t+6a}dt=tÜ`-;2#;(a+2)tÛ`+6at
t=0 t=4 P S
S=:)4`|v(t)|dt=:)4`|-2t+4|dt
t>0 P 0 x(a)=0
=:)2 (-2t+4)dt+:@4 (2t-4)dt=8
aÜ`-;2#;(a+2)aÛ`+6aÛ`=0 a=6 a>2)
v(t)=3(t-2)(t-6) v(8)=3_6_2=36
P t
v(t)
P t(t¾0) v(t)
-3tÛ` (0Ét<2)
v(t)=[ v(t)=2t-6
a(t-2)-12 (t¾2)
P t=3 t=k(k>3)
P t=6 a
25 k
7
P t=6 :)6`v(t)dt=0 6 7 8
:)6`v(t)dt=:)2`(-3tÛ`)dt+:@6`{a(t-2)-12}dt
9 10
s=:#k` |v(t)|dt=:#k` |2t-6|dt=:#k` (2t-6)dt=[tÛ`-6t]k#=kÛ`-6k+9
=-8+18a-12a-72-(2a-4a-24)=8a-56=0
a=7 kÛ`-6k+9=25
k=8 k>3
P Q P A(5)
t 3tÛ`-2 Q B(k)
t 1 P Q
2 k k+5)
2 4 6 P t(t¾0) v(t)
8 10 v(t)=tÛ`-at (a>0)
t P Q xP(t) xQ(t) P t=0
t P Q xP(t)=xQ(t) tÜ`-3t+5=k
f(t)=tÜ`-3t+5 y=k y=f(t) ;2(; a
k+5 k 3<k<5 k 4
1 2 3
4 5
v(k)=kÛ`-ak=0
k=a k>0 a>0)
P t=0 t=a
:)a` |v(t)|dt=:)a` (-tÛ`+at)dt=[- ]a)=

P t v(t)
tÜ` atÛ` aÜ`
+
t=a t=b P s 3 2 6
s=:Ab``|v(t)|dt
aÜ` 9
= aÜ`=27 a=3
6 2
| |
P t(t¾0) P t (t>0)
x v(t)
x=tÝ`+atÜ` a v(t)=-4tÜ`+12tÛ`
t=2 P 0 t=0 t=2 t=k P 12 t=3k
P t=4k P k
23 25 27
;;Á3¤;; ;;ª3¼;; 8
29 31
;;ª3¥;; ;;£3ª;; a(k)=-12kÛ`+24k=12 k=1
t=3 t=4 P
:#4`|v(t)|dt=:#4`|-4tÜ`+12tÛ`|dt=:#4` (4tÜ`-12tÛ`)dt=[tÝ`-4tÜ`]4#
dx
v(t)= =4tÜ`+3atÛ`
dt
v(2)=32+12a=0 a=-;3*; v(t)=4tÜ`-8tÛ`
=(256-256)-(81-108)=27
s=:)2` |4tÜ`-8tÛ`|dt=:)2` (8tÛ`-4tÜ`)dt=[;3*; tÜ`-tÝ`]2)=;;¤3¢;;-16=;;Á3¤;;
P t(t¾0) v(t)
v(t)=tÛ`-2t-3
t=0 t=4 P
P t(t¾0) v(t)
v(t)=12-3t2 t=0 t=4 P ;;ª3¤;; ;;ª3¥;; 10
;;£3ª;; ;;£3¢;;
:)4` |v(t)|dt=:)3` (-tÛ`+2t+3)dt+:#4` (tÛ`-2t-3)dt
44 48 52
56 60
=[-;3!; tÜ`+tÛ`+3t]3)+[;3!; tÜ`-tÛ`-3t]4#=;;£3¢;;
:)4` |v(t)|dt=:)4` |12-3tÛ`|dt
=:)2` (12-3tÛ`)dt+:@4` (-12+3tÛ`)dt
=[12t-tÜ`]2)+[-12t+tÜ`]4@
=48
t=0 P
t(t¾0) v(t)
v(t)=3tÛ`-6t
P t
v(t)
( 6t-2tÛ` (0Ét<3)
P
v(t)={
t=2
;2!;(3-t) (t¾3)
9
P P
P t=0 t=7 -4
P t=0 12
8
11 12 13
14 15
:)7`|v(t)|dt=:)3`v(t)dt+:#7`{-v(t)}dt
:)7`|v(t)|dt=:)3`(6t-2tÛ`)dt+:#7`[-;2!;(3-t)]dt t P a(t) a(t)=v '(t)=6t-6
:)7`|v(t)|dt=[3tÛ`-;3@;tÜ`]3)+[-;2#;t+ ]7#
6t-6=12 t=3
s=:)3` |3tÛ`-6t|dt=:)2` (-3tÛ`+6t)dt+:@3` (3tÛ`-6t)dt

tÛ`
4
:)7`|v(t)|dt={3_3Û`-;3@;_3Ü`}+[{-;2#;}_7+
=[-tÜ`+3tÛ`]2)+[tÜ`-3tÛ`]3@=4+4=8
7Û` 3Û`
]-[{-;2#;}_3+ ]
:)7`|v(t)|dt=13
4 4
P t P t
a(t)=3tÛ`-12t+9 (t¾0) v(t)=3tÛ`-6t P t=0 t=a
t=0 k 58 v(a) 45
P t=0 t=a
58 a>2
:)a`|3tÛ`-6t|dt
(3 ¦ P
k=-4 (0 ¦ P =-:)2`(3tÛ`-6t)dt+:@a`(3tÛ`-6t)dt
=-[tÜ`-3tÛ`]2)+[tÜ`-3tÛ`]a@=aÜ`-3aÛ`+8=58
t=0 t=5 P aÜ`-3aÛ`-50=0 (a-5)(aÛ`+2a+10)=0
P k 0 a=5
a=5
v(5)=3_5Û`-6_5=75-30=45
1
k=-4 v(t) v(t)
2 3m Û`
P
1 3
O 4 t 2 10
10 -2 m Û`
-4 m
63
( 3t (0ÉtÉ2)
v(t)={ 6 (2<tÉ10)
9-2t+26 (10<tÉ13)
S=:)2``3tdt+:@1`0``6dt+:!1)`3 (-2t+26)dt=63(m)
P Q
t(t¾0)
f(t)=t2-t g(t)=-3t2+6t
P 1
t=2 P Q p q 36 m
pq<0 t v(t) v(t)=36-9t 36 m
t=0 t=3 Q 8
m
72
f(t)=t(t-1) P t=1 1 :)4`|v(t)|dt=:)4`|36-9t|dt=:)4`(36-9t)dt
=[36t-;2(;tÛ`]4)=144-72=72
f '(t)=2t-1 g'(t)=-6t+6 pq=f '(2)g'(2)=-18<0
t=0 t=3 Q
:)3`|g(t)|dt=:)2``g(t)dt+:@3``{-g(t)}dt
72`m
=:)2 (-3tÛ`+6t)dt+:@3 (3tÛ`-6t)dt=8

P
P t v(t) t(0ÉtÉ6) v(t) P
x(t)
:Ab``v(t)dt
t=0 t=6
t=a t=b P
t=a P x(a)=x(0)+:)a``v(t)dt
t=a t=b P :Ab``|v(t)|dt
P t v(t)
t=a t=b P v(t) ;2#; ;2%; ;2&;
t t=a t=b
;2(; :Á2Á:
:)6``|v(t)|dt=:)4`v(t)dt+:$6`{-v(t)}dt
=;2!;_1_1+;2!;_(1+2)_2+;2!;_1_2+;2!;_2_1
=;2!;+3+1+1=:Á2Á:
A B t(0ÉtÉc)
A f(t) B g(t)
7 P t
v(t)
:)c``f(t)dt=:)c``g(t)dt 0ÉtÉc
t=a A B
t=b A B
t=c A B
P 1
P 4
P 4
x A B h(x)
h(x)=:)/`{ f(t)-g(t)}dt
Ú 0ÉxÉb h'(x)=f(x)-g(x)æ¾0
Û b<xÉc h'(x)=f(x)-g(x)<0
h(x) x=b 1 v(t)=0 1 t
v(t)=0 t
v(t)
v(t)=0 t t=2 t=4
v(t) P 2
P
t(0ÉtÉ10) v(t) A B C t
v(t) v
3
O 6
3 4 7 10 t
-1
P t=0 t=10
A B C
8 9 10
11 12
t=0 t=10 P
:)1`0` |v(t)|dt=;2!;_4_3+;2!;_(7-4)_1+;2!;_(10-7)_3
A C
=6+;2#;+;2(;=12 B C 0
A B C t
l A C
;4ñ0;
P t
f(t) y=f '(t)
v(t)
P
t(0ÉtÉ10)
v(t)
O a 7 10 t
P
t=7
P
:)a``v(t)dt=30 :A1`0``v(t)dt=11
d 12d 16
d=:!3``|f '(t)|dt=:!3``|(t-1)(t-3)|dt=;3$;
t=0 t=10 P
12d=12_;3$;=16
0<a<7)
81 91 101
111 121
t=0 t=10 P
:)1`0` |v(t)|dt=:)a` v(t)dt-:A7` v(t)dt+:&1`0` v(t)dt
=30-(-30)+41=101
P l m
t(0ÉtÉd) v(t) P Q t
:)a`|v(t)|dt=:Ad`|v(t)|dt
P Q
t1 t2
t1+t2 0ÉtÉ10)
0<a<b<c<d
v l
O
-1 1 6 10 t
P 11 13 15
:)c`v(t)dt=:Cd`v(t)dt
17 19
:) (t-1)dt=:) (-t+6)dt
tÁ` tÁ`
tÁ=7 tÁ>0)
:)b`v(t)dt=:Bd`|v(t)|dt |:)a`(-t+6)dt-:)a`(t-1)dt|=|-{a-;2&;} +;;¢4»;;|

2
a=tª=10 30
tÁ+tª=7+10=17
SÁÉSª+S£
SÁ>Sª+S£
v(t)
P t v(t)
3
v(t)
P
9
O 3 t
5 6 7
8 9
x
:)/``(-tÛ`+2t+3)dt=0 [-;3!;tÜ`+tÛ`+3t]/)=0
3+'¶45
x= x>3)
2
x 5
1 O 1
2'2 a 1
a 2
a O
2 ABCD
E F G H
BC x B
C H
A D F
AB x
A B G
C D E
;;Á8£;; ;4&; ;;Á8°;;
2 ;;Á8¦;;
y=-;2#;(x+1)(x-1)=-;2#;xÛ`+;2#;
S=:_1! {-;2#;xÛ`+;2#;}dx=2{-;2!;+;2#;}=2
p'2+q
2 p-q
3
p q 15
2`(-2xÛ`+1)dx=
'2
;2!; '2
SÁ=:) `xdx+: -;2¦4;
;2!; 3
'2 8'2-7 p'2+q
=8SÁ=8{ -;2¦4;}= =
3 3 3
p=8 q=-7 jK p-q=8-(-7)=15
[-1 1] f(x) f(x) g(x)
0 (xÉ0)
f(x)=[ g(x)=[
x f(-x)=-f(x) x(2-x) |x-1|É1)
g(x) x (x>0) 0 (|x-1|>1)
k a b(a<b<2) h(x)
[-1 1] g(x)=f(x) h(x)=k{ f(x)-f(x-a)-f(x-b)+f(x-2)}
[2n-1 2n+1] y=g(x) x 0Éh(x)Ég(x)
:)2` {g(x)-h(x)}dx
y=f(x) x 2n
k a b
y 6n
60(k+a+b) 200
n
f(1)=3 :)1` f(x)dx=1 :#6` g(x)dx
41
h(x) g(x)
:)2``h(x)dx
:)2``h(x)dx=;2!;_{(b-a)+2}_ka=-kÜ`+2kÛ`
k=;3$; :)2``h(x)dx :)2``{ g(x)-h(x)}dx
60(k+a+b)=60_{;3$;+2}=200
f(x)
[3 5] y=g(x) y=f(x) f(0)=0

x 4 y 12 0<x<y<1 0<xf(y)<yf(x)
:#5` g(x)dx=2_12=24
x y
[5 7] y=g(x) y=f(x)
x 6 y 18
:%6` g(x)dx=1_15+2=17
A=f '(0)
B=f(1)
:#6` g(x)dx=:#5` g(x)dx+:%6` g(x)dx
C=2:)1``f(x)dx
=24+17
=41
A<B<C A<C2:)1` f(x)dx jK A>C
B<C<A
y=f(x) P
P(a f(a)) Q(b f(b)) t(0ÉtÉ5) v(t)
( 4t (0Ét<1)
v(t)={ -2t+6 (1Ét<3)
9 t-3 (3ÉtÉ5)
0<x<3 x P
t=0 t=x
F(x) F'(x)=f(x) t=x t=x+2
t=x+2 t=5
f(x)
F(x) [a b]
F(b)-F(a)
PQ
f(2)-f(1)=:!2``v(t)dt
b-a f(1)=2
:Ab``{ f(x)-f(b)}dxÉ
(b-a){ f(a)-f(b)}
2
f(x) x=1
PQ
f(b)-f(a) F'(b)-F'(a) F(b)-F(a) x=1 t=0 t=1 2 t=1 t=3 4 t=3
= +
b-a b-a b-a t=5 2
f(1)=2
P t x(t)
a b
x(t)=t(t-1)(at+b) (a+0)
P t v(t) :)1` |v(t)|dt=2
P Q
:)1` v(t)dt=0
t(0ÉtÉ8) 2tÛ`-8t tÜ`-10tÛ`+24t
P Q 64
f(t)=2tÛ`-8t g(t)=tÜ`-10tÛ`+24t P Q
x
|x(tÁ)|>1 tÁ (0 1)
|:)/``f(t)dt-:)/``g(t)dt|=|:)/``{ f(t)-g(t)}dt|
0ÉtÉ1 t |x(t)|<1
h(x)=:)/``{ f(t)-g(t)}dt
x(tª)=0 tª (0 1)
h(x) |h(x)| x=4
64 P Q 64
0<tÁ<1 |x(tÁ)|>1 tÁ P t=1

P t=0 t=1 2
P t=0 t=1 2 tÁ
lim "ÃxÛ`+15x+13-"ÃxÛ`-13x) 14
y=f(x) x Ú¦
lim "ÃxÛ`+15x+13-"ÃxÛ`-13x)=lim 28x+13

=14
x Ú¦ x Ú¦
"ÃxÛ`+15x+13+"ÃxÛ`-13x
lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

x Ú2+ x Ú0-
-2 -1 0
1 2 xÛ`-4
lim f(x)=2
lim =b b+0) a b
lim f(x)=0 lim f(x)+ lim f(x)=2 x Ú2 xÛ`+ax
x Ú 2+ x Ú 0- x Ú 2+ x Ú 0-
a+b
-4 -2 0
2 4
lim(xÛ`+ax)=0 4+2a=0 a=-2
x Ú-2
(x+2)(x-2)
lim xÛ`-4 =lim =lim
x+2
=2=b a+b=0
x Ú2 xÛ`-2x x Ú2 x(x-2) x Ú2 x
(x-2)(x+1)
lim
x Ú2 x-2
1 2 3
4 5
(x-2)(x+1)
lim =lim (x+1)=3
x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2
f(x) x f(4+x)=f(4-x)
f(x)
lim =1 f(0)
x Ú2 x-2
-3 -2 -1
xÛ`-4 0 1
lim
x Ú2 'Äx+2-2
f(x) x f(4+x)=f(4-x) x=4
12 16 20
f(x)
24 28 lim =1 lim f(x)=0`jK f(2)=0
x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2
(xÛ`-4) 'Äx+2+2) f(x) x-2

=lim
xÛ`-4
lim
x Ú2 'Äx+2-2 x Ú2 'Äx+2-2) 'Äx+2+2) f(x)
x=4 f(2)=0 f(6)=0
(x-2)(x+2) 'Äx+2+2) f(x) x-6
=lim
x Ú2 'Äx+2)Û`-2Û` f(x)=k(x-2)(x-6) k
(x-2Z)(x+2) 'Äx+2+2) k(x-2Z)(x-6)
k=-;4!;
=lim lim =k(2-6)=-4k=1
x Ú2 x-2Z x Ú2 x-2Z
=lim(x+2) 'Äx+2+2)=4_ 'Ä2+2+2)=16 f(x)=-;4!;(x-2)(x-6) f(0)=-;4!;(0-2)(0-6)=-3
x Ú2
f(x) f(3)
f(x)-xÛ`
lim =;3!;
x Ú¦ 3xÛ`+2x+5 x-3
lim =b a b
f(x) f(x)=axÛ`+bx+c(a+0) x Ú3 "ÃxÛ`+x-3+ax
lim =-1
x Ú0 xÛ`+x lim`f(x)=f(0)=0 c=0
aÛ`+bÛ` b+0) 37
x Ú0
x Ú3 Ú0 Ú0
11 12 13 lim "ÃxÛ`+x-3+ax)="Ã3Û`+3-3+3a=3+3a=0 a=-1
x Ú3
14 15 lim
x-3
=lim
(x-3)("ÃxÛ`+x-3+x)
=6=b
f(x)-xÛ` axÛ`+bx-xÛ` a-1 x Ú3 "ÃxÛ`+x-3-x x Ú 3 ("ÃxÛ`+x-3-x)("ÃxÛ`+x-3+x)
lim = lim = =;3!;
x Ú¦ 3xÛ`+2x+5 x Ú¦ 3xÛ`+2x+5 3
a=2 aÛ`+bÛ`=1+36=37
f(x) 2xÛ`+bx
lim =lim =b=-1
x Ú0 xÛ`+x x Ú0 xÛ`+x
a=2 b=-1 c=0 f(x)=2xÛ`-x f(3)=18-3=15
f(x)-xÛ`
f(x) lim
x Ú¦ x
=3 y
f(x)-xÛ` xÛ`-1
lim =3 lim =1
x Ú¦ x x Ú1 (x-1)f(x)
f(2)
1
4 5 6
7 8
f(x)-xÛ` 1 f(x)=xÛ`+ax+b a b A(0 2) O(0 0) B(x 0)
xÛ`+ax+b-xÛ` ax+b B x
lim =lim =a=3
x Ú¦ x x Ú¦ x
f(x)=xÛ`+3x+b y AOB
xÛ`-1
lim
x Ú1 (x-1)f(x)
=1 b+4=2 b=-2 r ;[R; k
f(x)=xÛ`+3x-2 jK f(2)=2Û`+3_2-2=8
2k x>0) 1
f(x)='§x` y=x
O A A
y=x x B
x=t y=x P x=t
y=f(x) Q y=t AB
R OAQ PBR
T(t)
S(t) T(t) lim 4
t Ú1- S(t) r
lim =k
0<t<1) x Ú0 x
OAB
ABÓ=ÚÝOAÓ Û`+OBÓ Û`="Ã4+xÛ`
OAB=;2!; OAÓ_OBÓ=;2!; r(OAÓ+OBÓ+ABÓ)
;2!;_2_x=;2!; r(2+x+"Ã4+xÛ` )
r 2
=
x 2+x+"Ã4+xÛ`
=;2!;
r 2
k=lim =lim 2k=1
x Ú0 x x Ú 0 2+x+"Ã4+xÛ`
T(t) t-tÛ` 2(t-tÛ`)('t+t)
lim = lim = lim =4
t Ú1- S(t) t Ú1- ;2!;('t-t) t Ú1- t-tÛ`
'¶ax-b
x=1 f(1)=lim f(x) 2=lim
x Ú1 x Ú1 x-1
'¶ax-b
[
y=f(x) y=g(x)
(x+1)
f(x)= x-1 x=1
2 (x=1) Ú f(3)=1 g(3)=2 f(3)g(3)=2
a b a+b 20
x`Ú`1 0 0
lim '¶ax-b)='a-b=0 b='a
x Ú1
'¶ax-b '¶ax-'a 'a 'x-1Z) 'a
lim
x Ú1 'x-1Z) 'x+1)
=lim =lim = =2
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1 2
a=16 b=4 a+b=20 Û xlim f(x)g(x)=3 xlim f(x)g(x)=3 lim f(x)g(x)=3
Ú3- Ú3+ x Ú3
lim f(x)g(x)+f(3)g(3)
lim f(x)g(x)=2 x Ú3
x Ú1- f(x)g(x) x=3
f(x)g(x) x=3
( xÛ`+x-12 (x+3) [0, 4] f(x)g(x)
f(x)={ x-3
9 a (x=3)
x a
10 9 8
7 6 lim f(x)g(x)=4 lim f(x)g(x)=2
x Ú1+ x Ú1-
lim f(x)=f(3) xÛ`+x-12 lim f(x)g(x)+ lim f(x)g(x) lim f(x)g(x)

a=lim =lim (x+4)=7
x Ú3 x Ú3 x-3 x Ú3 x Ú1+ x Ú1- x Ú1
x=1
x=3 f(x)g(x)
x=1 x=3
- 1 (1<x<3)
f(x)=[ ( x-2 (x>1) ( |x| (0<|x|É1)
3-|x-2| (xÉ1 x¾3)
f(x)={ -x |x|É1) g(x)={ -1 (x=0)
9 x+2 (x<-1) 9 0
y=f(x)
|x|>1)
1 g(x)
f(x)g(x) g(2)
y=(g ç f)(x)
-1 -2 -3 4 5 6
-4 -5 7 8
Ú x=1 f(1)g(1)=lim f(x)g(x)=2(1+a+b)=1+a+b (g ç f)(x) x=-3
x Ú1
x=-2 x=0 x=2 x=3
2(1+a+b)=1+a+b jK a+b=-1 y
5
Û x=3 f(3)g(3)=lim f(x)g(x)=9+3a+b=2(9+3a+b)
x Ú3
9+3a+b=2(9+3a+b) jK 3a+b=-9 y
a=-4 b=3
g(x)=xÛ`-4x+3 g(2)=4-8+3=-1
y=f(x)
f(1)=f(3)=0)
x+3 (xÉ2)
f(x)=[
-x+a (x>2)
a 7
f(x) x=2 x
x=2
f(2)= lim f(x)= lim f(x)
x Ú2- x Ú2+
2+3=-2+a a=7
lim f(x)=1
x Ú0-
f(x)f(x+3) x=0
f(x)f(x+1)+2x-5=0 (1 3)
lim g(x)=xlim
Ú2+
g(x)=g(2)=-1 g(x) x=2
x Ú2-
g(x) 1 3
g(1)=f(1)f(2)-3=-3<0 g(3)=f(3)f(4)+1=1>0
g(c)=0 c (1 3)
g(x)=0 (1 3) f(x)
f(x) f(x)
lim =1 lim =k
g(x)
( -x+1 (xÉ-1) g(x)=[

x+3 (xÉ1)
f(x)={ 1 (-1<xÉ1) 1-x (x>1)
9 x-1 (x>1) h(x)=f(x)g(x) x=1
1 g(x) k 1
f(x)
lim =1 f(x) 1
x Ú¦ xÛ`
xÚ2 Ú0
f(x)
lim =k k
x Ú2 x-2
f(x)g(x) Ú0
f(x)g(x+k) f(x) lim f(x)= f(2)=0 f(x)
x Ú2
k k+0) x-2
a f(x)=(x-2)(x+a)
h(1)=f(1) g(1)=-4a-4
g(0)<0 g(2) lim h(x)=0
x Ú1+
lim h(x)=-4a-4
3 6 9 x Ú1-
h(1)=limh(x) -4a-4=0 a=-1

12 15 x Ú1
f(x)=(x-1)(x-2)
Ú f(x)g(x+k) x=-1
f(x) (x-1)(x-2Z)
k=2 k=a+1 k+0) k=lim =lim =lim(x-1)=1
x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2 x-2Z x Ú2
Û f(x)g(x+k) x=1
k=-2 k=a-1 k+0)
Ú Û a=-3
g(x)=(x+1)(x-1)(x+3) g(2)=3_1_5=15
f(x)=xÜ`+3x f'(1) f(1+3h)-f(1)
f(x)=xÜ`-x lim
h Ú0 2h
5 6 7
8 9
f(x)=xÜ`+3x f '(x)=3xÛ`+3 2 ;2%; 3
f '(1)=3_1+3=6
;2&; 4
f(1+3h)-f(1) f(1+3h)-f(1)
lim =lim _;2#;=;2#; f '(1)=;2#;_2=3
h Ú0 2h h Ú0 3h
f(x)=(2xÛ`-1)(xÛ`+x-2) f '(2)
67
f(x)
f(x)=(2xÛ`-1)(xÛ`+x-2)
f '(x)=4x(xÛ`+x-2)+(2xÛ`-1)(2x+1) f(x)-1
lim =2
f '(2)=32+35=67 x Ú2 x-2
f(2+h)-f(2-h)
lim
h Ú0 h
-2 -1 1
2 4
lim { f(x)-1}=0 jK f(2)=1
x Ú2
f(x)-1 f(x)-f(2)
lim = lim =2
x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2 x-2
f'(2)=2
f(2+h)-f(2-h) f(2+h)-f(2) f(2-h)-f(2)
lim = lim + lim
f(x) f(1)=1 f'(1)=2 h Ú0 h h Ú0 h h Ú0 -h
=f'(2)+f'(2)=2f'(2)=4
f(x)g(x)-f(1)g(1)
g(x)=xÛ`+3x lim
x Ú1 x-1
11 12 13
-xÛ`+ax+2 (x¾2)
14 15 f(x)=[ x=2
f(x)g(x)-f(1)g(1) 2x+b (x<2)
lim
x Ú1 x-1 a b ab 36
f(x)-f(1) g(x)-g(1)
= lim _g(x)+ lim _f(1) f(x) x=2
x Ú1 x-1 x Ú1 x-1
=f'(1)g(1)+f(1)g'(1) f(2)=lim f(x)
x Ú2
g(x)=xÛ`+3x g'(x)=2x+3 -4+2a+2=4+b

g(1)=4 g'(1)=5 2a-b=6 y
=f'(1)g(1)+f(1)g'(1)=2_4+1_5=13 f(2+h)-f(2)
f'(2)= lim = lim 2
h Ú0+ h h Ú0+
-4+a=2 a=6
b=6
ab=36
(x<1)
f(x)=[
xÜ`+ax
bxÛ`+x+1 (xæ¾1)
x=1 a+b a b y=f(x) y f '(3)=4
f(xÛ`)-f(9)
f '(9)=8 lim 12
x Ú-3 f(x)-f(-3)
5 6 7 f(xÛ`)-f(9)
9
lim xÛ`=t x -3 t
x Ú-3 xÛ`-9
8 9 f(xÛ`)-f(9) f(t)-f(9)
lim =lim =f '(9)
lim f(x)= lim f(x)=f(1) 1+a=b+2 a-b=1 y x Ú-3 xÛ`-9 t Ú9 t-9
x Ú1- x Ú1+
y=f(x) y y=f '(x)
lim f '(x)= lim f '(x) 3+a=2b+1 a-2b=-2 y
x Ú1- x Ú1+
a=4 b=3 f '(-x)=-f '(x) f '(3)=4

a+b=4+3=7 f '(-3)=-f '(3)=-4
f(xÛ`)-f(9) f '(9)
lim = lim (x-3)
x Ú-3 f(x)-f(-3) f '(-3) x Ú-3
8_(-6)
= =12
-4
1 f(x)
f(x)f '(x)=2xÜ`-9xÛ`+5x+6
f(-3) 16
f(x)=xÛ`+bx+c jK f '(x)=2x+b
f(x)f '(x)=(xÛ`+bx+c)(2x+b)=2xÜ`-9xÛ`+5x+6
f(x)=xÛ`-3x-2
f(-3)=9+9-2=16
1 f(x) a
f '(a) 5
f(a)=f(1)=f(5)
f '(5)=-4
{xn} f(x)=axÛ`+bx+c f(a)=f(1)=f(5)=k

f(a)-k=f(1)-k=f(5)-k=0
g(x)=f(x)-k g(a)=g(1)=g(5)=0
g(x)=(x-a)(x-1)(x-5)
{ f '(xn)} f(x)=(x-a)(x-1)(x-5)+k
{ f(xn+1)-f(xn)} ` f '(x)=(x-1)(x-5)+(x-a)(x-5)+(x-a)(x-1) y
f(0)=3 f(2)=5 f(4)=9 f(6)=15 f '(5)=-4 x=5
4(5-a)=-4 a=6
x=a
f '(a)=(a-1)(a-5) jK f '(6)=5_1=5
f(0)=3 c=3
f(2)=5 4a+2b+3=5 a=;4!; b=;2!;
2a+b=1
f(x)=;4!; xÛ`+;2!; x+3
f(4)=9 16a+4b+3=9
8a+2b=3 f(6)=9+3+3=15
y=xÜ`-xÛ`+a (1 a) (0 12) y=f(x)
a 13 y 13
x=1 y'|x=1=1
(1 a) y=1_(x-1)+a=x-1+a
f(x) 1
(0 12) 12=(0-1)+a a=13
y=f(x) (2 f(2)) y=2
f '(0)=0
f(x)=xÝ`+axÜ`+bxÛ`+cx+d
f(x)=xÝ`+axÜ`+(-3a-8)xÛ`+(4a+18)
y=xÜ`-5x A(1 -4) A =(xÝ`-8xÛ`+18)+a(x+1)(x-2)Û`
B AB f(x) a
(-1 f(-1)) (2 f(2))
f(-1)=11 f(2)=2
y f(-1)+f(2)=13
y=f(x) y=2
'¶30 '¶35 2'¶10

3'5 5'2
y=-2x-2
y=-2x-2 y=xÜ`-5x x x=1
x=-2
A x 1 B(-2 2)
(-3 7) f '(x){ f(x)-2}É0
ABÓ="Ã(-2-1)Û`+{2-(-4)}Û`=3'5
x f '(2)=0)
4 5 6
y=xÜ`-3xÛ`+2x m 7 8
P Q Ú f '(x)¾0 f(x)É2
f '(x)¾0 (-3 2]
P Q
f(x)É2 x -2 -1
Û f '(x)É0 f(x)¾2
P Q x 2 f '(x)É0 [2 7)
m>-1 f(x)¾2 x 2 3 4
Ú Û x 5
PQÓ m
f(x)=2xÜ`-12xÛ`+ax-4 x=1 M
a+M a 22
f(x)=2xÜ`-12xÛ`+ax-4 f '(x)=6xÛ`-24x+a x=1
f '(1)=6-24+a=0 a=18
P(a aÜ`-3aÛ`+2a) Q(b bÜ`-3bÛ`+2b)
f(x)=2xÜ`-12xÛ`+18x-4
PQÓ
f(1) M=f(1)=2-12+18-4=4
(aÜ`-3aÛ`+2a)-(bÜ`-3bÛ`+2b) 2-m 2-m
=2Û`- -3_2+2=- a+M=18+4=22
a-b 3 3
}=-1 jK mÛ`-2m+3=0
2-m D
m{- =1-3=-2<0
3 4
a f(x) f '(x)=0
b a b
f(b)-f(a)¾æa-b a<b)
|a-b|=10
(a f(a)) (b f(b)) 26
f(x)=3x
f(x)
f(x)=;2!;xÛ`+x
12'2 18 24
f(x)=xÜ`-x
30 24'2
|a-b|=10
"Ã(b-a)Û`+{ f(b)-f(a)}Û` =26 "Ã10Û`+{ f(b)-f(a)}Û` =26
{ f(b)-f(a)}Û`=26Û`-10Û`=24Û`
f(b)-f(a) f(b)-f(a) | f(b)-f(a)|=24 f(x) 24
æ ¾-1 =f '(c) c (a b)
b-a b-a
f '(c)æ¾-1 c
f '(x)=x+1 x<-2 x
y=f(x)
y=g(x)
(2 0) y=xÛ`-3
f '(b)=f '(d)=0
x 4
y=f(x)g(x) x=p
(2 0)
x=q 2t(2-t)+tÛ`-3=0 tÛ`-4t+3=0 (t-1)(t-3)=0
t=1 t=3
(2 0) y=f(x)
p<q)
(1 -2) (3 6) x 1+3=4
a<p<b c<q<d a<p<b d<q<e
b<p<c c<q<d b<p<c d<q<e
c<p<d d<q<e
y=f(x)g(x) x=p x=q(p<q)
a<p<b d<q<e
y=xÜ`-2x (2 4)
y=-xÛ`-2x y=mx+n
m+n m n 46
(-6 -24) f '(2)=10
a b f(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`+9x+b x=1
y=10(x+6)-24=10x+36
0 ab 24
m=10 n=36 m+n=10+36=46
f(x)=xÜ`+axÛ`+9x+b f '(x)=3xÛ`+2ax+9
f(1)=0 f '(1)=0 a+b=-10 2a+12=0
a=-6 b=-4 ab=24
1 f(x) g(x) y=xÜ`+2 y=kx
( ;2!; (x<0) ;
6
f(k) `f(k) 13
g(x)=Ò k=1
9 f(x) (x¾0) y=xÜ`+2 y=xÜ`+2

(t tÜ`+2)
g(x) g(x) y-(tÜ`+2)=3tÛ`(x-t)
y=3tÛ`(x-t)+tÜ`+2
;2~;! -3tÜ`+tÜ`+2=0 tÜ`=1 t=1 t
y=xÜ`+2 y=kx f(k)
[ Á f(k)=1+1+2+3+3+3=13
1 (k<3) 6
f(k)= 2 (k=3)
k=1
g(0)+g'(0)=;2!; 3 (k>3)
g(1)<;2#;
f(x)=xÜ`-5x+1 -2 3
g(x) 0 g(2)=;2%;
x+aÉf(x)Éx+b
a b
a b
8-5'2 9-4'2 10-3'2

f(x)=xÜ`-;2#; xÛ`+;2!; g(2)=f(2)=8-6+;2!;=;2%;
11-4'2 12-'2
aÉg(x)=f(x)-xÉb a
aÉ-4'2+1 b b¾10
a b -4'2+1 10
=(-4'2+1)+10=11-4'2
y=xÜ`-5xÛ`+4x+4
A(-1 -6) B(2 0)
C(4 4)
A B P
B C f(x) g(x) x
Q f(x)g(x)=(x-1)Û`(x-2)Û`(x-3)Û`
AQCP g(x) 3 g(x) x=2
P Q x f '(0)=;pQ; p+q
;6!; ;3!; ;2!;

10 p q
g(x) x=2 g(x)=3(x-2)Û`(x-3)
;3@; ;6%;
f(x)g(x)=(x-1)Û`(x-2)Û`(x-3)Û`
g(x)=3(x-2)Û`(x-3) f(x)=;3!;(x-1)Û`(x-3)
y=xÜ`-5xÛ`+4x+4 y'=3xÛ`-10x+4 2
3xÛ`-10x+4=2 3xÛ`-10x+2=0 f '(x)=;3@;(x-1)(x-3)+;3!;(x-1)Û`
AQCP
f '(0)=;3@;_(-1)_(-3)+;3!;_(-1)Û`=;3&;
P Q x ;3@;
p=3 q=7
p+q=3+7=10
f(x)=xÝ`+axÜ`+bxÛ`+cx+6 P Q t
f(3)
P(t)=;3!; tÜ`+4t-;3@; Q(t)=2tÛ`-10
15
x f(-x)=f(x) P Q P Q
f(x) -10 12
t P Q vP=P'(t)=tÛ`+4 vQ=Q'(t)=4t
f(-x)=f(x) f(x)=xÝ`+bxÛ`+6 vP=vQ tÛ`+4=4t tÛ`-4t+4=0 (t-2)Û`=0 t=2
t=2 P Q
f(x) x=0 x=Ñ¾Ð-;2B; (b<0)
P(2)=;3!;_2Ü`+4_2-;3@;=10 Q(2)=2_2Û`-10=-2
P Q |P(2)-Q(2)|=|10-(-2)|=12
f {Ñ¾Ð-;2B; }=
bÛ` bÛ`
- +6=-10 b=-8 b<0)
4 2
f(x)=xÝ`-8xÛ`+6 f(3)=81-72+6=15
f(x)
f '(x)>0
2 a A(2 f(2)) y=;2!; xÝ`-2xÜ`(x>0)
B(a f(a)) ABÓ=aÛ`-4
y=ax+b a b
aÛ`+bÛ` 128
f '(2)
f(x)=;2!;xÝ`-2xÜ` f '(x)=2xÜ`-6xÛ`
'¶14 '¶15 4 y=f(x) (t f(t)) (t>0)
'¶17 3'2 f '(t)=2tÜ`-6tÛ` y
f '(t)= g(t)=2tÜ`-6tÛ` t
f(x) x>0
f(x)-f(2) f(x)-f(2) g'(t)=6tÛ`-12t=6t(t-2) g '(t)=0 t=0 t=2
f '(2)=lim = lim ='¶15 g(t) t=2 y= f(x)
x Ú2 x-2 x Ú2+ x-2
t=2
f '(2)=2_2Ü`-6_2Û`=-8
-8 (2 -8)
y=-8x+8 a=-8 b=8 jK aÛ`+bÛ`=128
f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`-24x-10 y
P t x a y=g(x)
x=-tÛ`+4t t=a P 0 a g(x)=0
a 72
1 2 3 f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`-24x-10 y a
y=g(x)
4 5
g(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`-24x-10+a
dx
x=-tÛ`+4t t =-2t+4 g'(x)=3xÛ`-6x-24=3(x+2)(x-4)
dt
t=a P 0 g'(x)=0 x=-2 x=4
-2a+4=0 a=2 g(x)=0
0 g(-2)g(4)=0
g(-2)g(4)=(18+a)(-90+a)=0
a=-18 a=90
a -18+90=72
f(x) y=4xÜ`-12xÛ` y k
y=f(x)
:)3` f(x)dx=0
f(x)=:`(2x+1)dx
f(0)=1 f(2) k
9
y=4xÜ`-12xÛ` y k
3 4 5 f(x)=4xÜ`-12xÛ`+k
6 7 :)3` f(x)dx=:)3` (4xÜ`-12xÛ`+k)dx
=[xÝ`-4xÜ`+kx]3)=81-108+3k=-27+3k=0
f(x)=xÛ`+x+C(C f(0)=C=1
f(x)=xÛ`+x+1
f(2)=7 k=9
a :_aA`(3xÛ`+2x)dx=;4!; 50a
25
:_aA (3xÛ`+2x)dx=2:)a` 3xÛ`dx=2[xÜ`]a)=2aÜ`=;4!; aÜ`=;8!;

y=f(x) |x|+1 x
f '(x)
a=;2!; jK 50a=50_;2!;=25
xÛ` |x|<1)
f '(x)=[
-1 |x|>1)
y=f(x) x=-1
f(x) x
:!/``f(t)dt=xÜ`+axÛ`+1
x f(x)=f(-x)
f(0)=0 f(1)>0
f(-1) a
7 9 11
( 13 15
:!/`f(t)dt=xÜ`+axÛ`+1
;3!;xÜ`+CÁ (-1Éx<1)
\ x=1
f(x)={-x+Cª (x<-1)
:!1`f(t)dt=1+a+1=0
CÁ Cª C£
\
9-x+C£ (x¾1) a=-2
-1Éx<1 f(x)=;3!;xÜ`+CÁ y f(x) x :!/`f(t)dt=xÜ`-2xÛ`+1
x f(x)=3xÛ`-4x f(-1)=3+4=7
:)4``x(3x-2)dx f(x) x
48 50 52 :!/``f(t)dt=xÜ`-2axÛ`+ax
54 56 f(3) a
:)4` x(3x-2)dx=:)4` (3xÛ`-2x)dx=[xÜ`-xÛ`]4)=64-16=48 :!/` f(t)dt=xÜ`-2axÛ`+ax
16
x
f(x)=3xÛ`-4ax+a
x=1 a=1 f(x)=3xÛ`-4x+1
f(3)=16
f(x)
xÜ` (0Éx<1)
f(x)=[
-xÛ`+2x (1Éx<2)
xÜ` (0Éx<1) f(x)=xÜ`-27x+a
F(x)=:)/``f(t)dt
f(x)=[
-xÛ`+2x (1Éx<2)
x f(x+2)=f(x)
a
:)1``f(x)dx+:@3``f(x)dx
54
:)/` f(t)dt=f(x) y
d
F '(x)=
dx
f(x) F(x)
;4!; ;2!; ;4#; F(x)
F'(x)=f(x)=0 1
1 ;4%; y
:@3``f(x)dx=:)1``f(x)dx
f(x)=xÜ`-27x+a f '(x)=3xÛ`-27=3(x+3)(x-3)
f(x+2)=f(x)
f '(x)=0 x=-3 x=3
:)1``f(x)dx+:@3``f(x)dx=2:)1``f(x)dx=;2!; f(x) x=-3 f(-3)=-27+81+a=a+54
x=3 f(3)=27-81+a=a-54
_ ¾æ0
(a+54)(a-54)¾æ0 aÉ-54 aæ¾54
a 54
a b c f(x)=xÝ`+axÜ`+bxÛ`+cx+10
a :_Óò`f(x)dx=2:)Ó``f(x)dx
-6<f '(1)<-2
y=f(x) f(x)
5 6 7
-3ÉxÉ3 f(x)=xÜ`-9x
8 9
x f(x)=f(x+6)
f(x) x=Ñ'2
:(1)0`2`|f(x)|dx
f(Ñ'2)=(Ñ'2)Ý`-4(Ñ'2)Û`+10=4-8+10=6
81
-3ÉxÉ3 f(x)=xÜ`-9x
f(x) g(x) x
f(x)=f(x+6) f(x) 6
:(1)0`2 |f(x)|dx=: |f(x)|dx=2:)6`|f(x)|dx

x 6_17
:(1)0`2 |f(x)|=2:_3#`|f(x)|dx=2[:_0#`f(x)dx-:)3``f(x)dx]=81
f(x)g(x)=xÜ`+3xÛ`-x-3 6_15
f '(x)=1
g(x)=2:!/``f(t)dt
:)3``3g(x)dx 27
f(x)g(x)=(x+3)(x+1)(x-1)
f(x) g(x)
g '(x)=2 f(x)
f(x)=x+1 g(x)=(x+3)(x-1)=xÛ`+2x-3
:)3` 3g(x)dx=27
y=6xÛ`+1 x x=1-h x=1+h(h>0)
{0 ;2#;} r{r<;2#;}
S(h)
S(h) lim
h Ú0+ h C C y=;2!;xÛ`
14
f(x)=6xÛ`+1 f(x) F(x) C y=;2!;xÛ`
:!1_ÑHh f(x)dx F(1+h)-F(1-h) a+bp 120(a+b) 140
lim S(h) = lim = lim
h Ú0+h h Ú0+ h h Ú0+ h
a b
=2F'(1)=2f(1)=2_7=14
y=4xÜ`-12xÛ`+8x x
2
S=:)1``(4xÜ`-12xÛ`+8x)dx+:!2``(-4xÜ`+12xÛ`-8x)dx
=[xÝ`-4xÜ`+4xÛ`]1)+[-xÝ`+4xÜ`-4xÛ`]2!=2
CAEFB - CAB -:_1!`;2!;xÛ`dx
=2_;2!;_{;2#;+;2!;}_1-p_ '2)Û``_;3»6¼0;-2:)1``;2!;xÛ`dx=;3%;-
p
2
a=;3%; b=-;2!; 120(a+b)=120{;3%;-;2!;}=140

n (0 2n+1) P
f(x)=nxÛ` y 1 1
Q y=xÝ`-xÜ` y=-xÝ`+x
y=ax(1-x) a
0<a<1)
n=1 PQ y=f(x) y
;4!; ;8#; ;8%;

;2#; ;1!2(; ;3%;
;4#; ;8&;
;4&; ;;Á6Á;;
y=xÝ`-xÜ` y=-xÝ`+x
= POHQ -:)1``xÛ`dx :)1``{-xÝ`+x-(xÝ`-xÜ`)}dx=;2¦0; y
=;2!;_(1+3)_1-[;3!; xÜ`]1)
y=ax(1-x) y=-xÝ`+x
;2!;
:)1``{-xÝ`+x-ax(1-x)}dx=;4¦0;
=;3%;
;1£0;-;6A;=;4¦0; a=;4#;
O 16
P t v(t)
(;2!;t-1 (0Ét<2)
\ f(x)
v(t)={-tÛ`+10t-16 (2Ét<8)
\
92-;4!;t (8ÉtÉ16) f'(x)=3xÛ`-2x-1
OP 35
y=f(x) (2 3)
0Ét<2 A=-1 P 1 2Ét<8
B=36 P 36 8ÉtÉ16 C=-8 y=f(x) x
P 8 S 3S 4
OP t=8
f '(x)=3xÛ`-2x-1 f(x)=: f '(x)dx
=36-1=35
f(x)=xÜ`-xÛ`-x+C C
y=f(x) (2 3)
f(2)=3 f(2)=2Ü`-2Û`-2+C=3 jK C=1
f(x)=xÜ`-xÛ`-x+1=(x+1)(x-1)Û`
S=:_1!`(xÜ`-xÛ`-x+1)dx=2:)1``(-xÛ`+1)dx
t
S=2[-;3!; xÜ`+x]1)=;3$;
v(t)(m
(0ÉtÉ20)
v(t)=[
t
3S=3_;3$;=4
60-2t (20ÉtÉ40)
t=35
225 m 250 m 275 m

300 m 325 m
t v(t) P t(0ÉtÉ12)
t=35 0<t<30 v(t) P t=0
30<t<35
t=12 22
;2!;_30_20-;2!;_5_10=300-25=275
3 km t
:)1`2``|v(t)|dt=:)8` v(t)dt+:*1`2``{-v(t)}dt
:)6``|v(t)|dt=;2!;_2_2+;2!;_(2+4)_4+;2!;_2_4+;2!;_4_2
v(t)=;4#;tÛ`+;2!;t (km
5 :)6``|v(t)|dt=2+12+4+4=22
17 km 16 km 15 km
14 km 13 km
3=:)a``v(t)dt=:)a``{;4#;tÛ`+;2!;t}dt
[;4!;tÜ`+;4!;tÛ`]a)=3 a=2 a>0)
v(2)=;4#;_2Û`+;2!;_2=4
=3+3_4=15(km)
하나의 울림, A:oulim!
1 ;2!; 6 1 -5 3 3 1 5
7 -3 0 1 -2 0 1 0 2 4 y '=0 y '=4 y '=-6x+2

y '=2x+3 y '=xÜ`+xÛ`+x+1 y '=3xÛ`-1
3 -8 5 -7 -6 -;6!; y '=3xÛ`+6x+2 y '=12(2x+1)Þ`
y '=3(xÛ`+x+1)Û`(2x+1)
2 6 -5 1 '2+2 2 3 ;2!;
-;2#; 32 13 3 11
0 3 1 -;2!; 3 1
12 14 11 28
11 14 24 28
21
16 30 16 2 28
11 9 5 27 3 14 27 24 7
8 7 13 4 20 13 4 35
20 3 24 25 8 10 19 56 12 10
3 41 28 144
15 186
21 60 2 36
22 18 32
9 36 13 36 64 13
14 5 10 512 61 105
2
15 50 1 16 28
10 4 141 4
-2 -8 12 -1 -1
y=2x-4 y=11x-10 y=-;2!; x+;2#;
4 -2 y=;2!; x-;2!; y=-x+5 y=2x-2

-2 1 ;2!; 1 3 1 y=-x-3 y=3x-3 y=3x+1 -1
2 ;2!; < > (1 2) -;3@; 0 ;2#;
6 6 1 -7
11 11 6 9 80 4 0 10 7
7 24 20 50 12 12
4 15 28 97 48 21 45
28 12
30 2
20 7 5
13 14 24 32 20 32 32
21 16 7 56 6 3 17
13 8 8 9 25 14
3 15 36 20 40 6 13
19 48 60 19 44 7 14
13 9 16 19
42 100 240
f '(x)=6xÛ`-12x x=0 x=2 13 7 167
4 -4 137 30 16 80
4 0 17 0
19 -1 1 -1
21 1 ;3$; -;3$;
3 1 2 -2<k<2 k=2 k=-2
;3$; ;3$; ;2!; 3 4` `1 ;;£3ª;; ;3$;
k>2 k<-2
4 0 10 2 ;;Á;3@;°;; ;;ª3¼;; -;;Á3¤;; ;3&; 8
-15 -12 9 -6
1 40 54 6
2 22 13 54 13
8 72 36
12 11 16
4 12 2
527 12 13 12 160
42 9 17
21
40 200 250 40 9
15 21
3 34 4 32 14
45 12
64 16 16 30
7
6 8 22 27
45 63 72
16 15 41
36 18 11 65
200 64
5 39 40 243 108 147
x31
3x+C -;2!; xÛ`+7x+C +C
31
14 4 37
;3$; xÜ`+;2#; xÛ`-8x+C ;3!; xÜ`-x+C 2xÛ`+C
1
f(x)=xÜ`+xÛ`-x+2 f(x)=xÞ`+2xÛ`-4
f(x)=xÛ`-x+1 3xÛ`+5x+2 3xÛ`+5x+C
20 7 1
;2%;
38
-6 18 2 9 12
3
-;3$; 11 ;;ª3¤;; 2 2 2 -1 67 36 16 12
12 13 5
12 9 27 9
7 35 7 9 13 13 22 24
4 46
24 110 200
86 18
10 9 16 13 10 15 12 128
24 72
43 17 71 27
304 301 14 5 132 4
9 25 16 27
20 9 4
54 81
40 8 8
2 17
504 12 96 40 45 16 14 2 140 35 4 22

2023 자이스토리 고2 수2-1

Uploaded by

Document Informationclick to expand document information

Copyright:

Available Formats

2023 자이스토리 고2 수2-1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2023 자이스토리 고2 수2-1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

lim (3x+1) 7 lim (-2x+1) -3 xÛ`-1 xÛ`-9

x Ú2+ x Ú2- lim 2 lim 6

lim f(x)=a HK lim f(x)= lim f(x)=a

lim f(x) < >

lim g(x)=6 lim f(x)

lim f(x)=0 lim g(x)=0 a+0)

a x lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

단계별 서술하기 + 스스로 서술하기

a=f(3)= lim (xÛ`+3)=12

f(x) x=2 B,A a

f(x) x=-3 x=a>-3 f '(x)

x x f(x) 1 f(x) g(x) n f(x) g(x)=:)/` f(t)dt g(x) (n+1)

g(x) g'(x)=f(x) y=g(x) f(x)

3(c+d)-cd=8 4(c+d)-cd=15 c+d=7 cd=13

( axÛ`+(2b-3)x+aÛ`-3 (x<k) f(2) 10  y=f(x) y=xÜ` y=xÜ`-4 f(5)

lim f(x)=a HK lim f(x)= lim f(x)=a lim f(x)

lim kf(x)=klim f(x)=ka k

lim {f(x)Ñg(x)}=lim f(x)Ñlim g(x)=aÑb f(x) g(x)

lim f(x) <

lim f(x)=0 lim g(x)=0 a+0)

f(x)Ég(x) aÉb f(x)<g(x) lim

lim f(x)Élim g(x)

f(x) 3x+2 xÛ`-x+1

f(x) g(x) lim f(x)=-1 x f(x)

lim g(x)=6 lim f(x)

lim 8f(x) -8 lim { f(x)+g(x)} 5 3xÛ`+1 3x+1

lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

lim f(x)- lim f(x)

lim f(x)- lim f(x)=2-1=1

f(3)+ lim f(x)

lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

lim f(x)_ lim f(x)

f(0)+ lim f(x)

f(3)+ lim f(x)

f(3)+ lim f(x)=1+1=2

lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

f(0)+ lim f(x)

lim f(x)- lim f(x) lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

lim f(x)+ lim f(x) lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

lim f(x)=a`jK lim f(x)= lim f(x)=a

lim f(x)= lim (2xÜ`+3)=2_1Ü`+3=5 y

lim f(x)= lim (xÜ`+k)=1Ü`+k=1+k y

lim f(x)> lim f(x) a

f(-x)=-f(x) -1<a<1 a lim f(x)

lim f(x)+ lim f(x)

lim kf(x)=klim f(x)=ka` k

lim { f(x)+g(x)}=lim f(x)+lim g(x)=a+b

lim { f(x)-g(x)}=lim f(x)-lim g(x)=a-b

f(x-2) f(x) lim (x+1)f(x)=6

2_2 lim f(x)=2 f(2)=2

2a+3=13 2a=10 a=5

lim (x+1)f(x)=1 g(x)=(x+1)f(x) lim g(x)=1 f(x) a

lim f(x) f(x)

|x-a|-(a-1) [x]Û` [x]Û`

a<b<c a<c<b b<a<c

f(x)=[xÛ`]-a[x] lim f(x) [x+2]

'x-1 = x-1 1 =;2!;

( axÛ`+(2b-3)x+aÛ`-3 (x<k) f(2) 10 y=f(x) y=xÜ` y=xÜ`-4 f(5)