개념유형 수1-1

I
structure
02
01
1 3 2x@-7 4 4-x
[ ] =[ ] 4X-3\2X"!-16=0
4 3
Talk
2x@-7 4-x
[4#] =[3$]
2X=8, 4X-2X=0 SG 2X>8, 4X-2X<0 SG 2x@-7 -1 4-x 2x@-7 -4+x
[4#] =-[4#] = / [4#] =[4#]
4#
aX
aX=t t 2x@-7=-4+x 2x@-x-3=0
y=aX{a>0, a=1}
x aX>0 {x+1}{2x-3}=0 / x=-1 x=2#
t>0
4X-3\2X"!-16=0 {2@}X-3\2\2X-16=0
ax1=ax2 hjjk x1=x2
/ {2X}@-6\2X-16=0
a>1 ax1<ax2 hjjk x1<x2
ax1<ax2 hjjk x1>x2
2X=t {t>0} t@-6t-16=0, {t+2}{t-8}=0
0<a<1
/ t=8 {? t>0}
1 1 1
3X=9 3X=3@ x=2 [ ]X>8 [ ]X>[ ]_# x<-3 t=2X 2X=8 / 2X=2#
2 2 2
x=3
y=aX {a>0 a=1} p

aX=p
01
1
8X"!=#j32k 4x@-64\[ ]X=0
16
4_X-2_X"!-8=0 5X+5_X=2
aX=p y=aX y=p x
01 1
x@-3
9|x|=[3!]
1.
[4!]X=64
1 1
2X= 3X_!=
16 81
2.
01 2 {3+2j2}X+{3-2j2}X-6=0
[3!]X<
1
3@X"!<3X 4X>128
27
02
1 y=3!\3_X-1
1 ax=N x=loga N 5
log j10k
9y|y>-10
22=4 {j6}4=36 log 104
{-1, 0} y=-1
j100l
x y
-2 1
log 0.0001 log 5
[3!] =9
-2!
3 4 25 =5!
y=3X y x -1 y
-1
02
2 x
log2!{x+2} log3{3-x}
2 y=9\3X-2 x 2 y
01 6 02
x
1
{-2, k} k logx-6 10 log-x-1 120
y=1
! @
a>0 a=1 N>0 ax=N x
0 1 2 3 4
f{x}=aX_M+n g{x}=aM_X+n x=2 x=loga N a N 1
1.3 .1139 .1173 .1206 .1239 .1271
y= f{x} y=g{x} x=3 loga N
ax=N hjjk x=loga N
1.4 .1461 .1492 .1523 .1553 .1584
a>0 a=1 N>0
A B ABZ=3* a m n a+m+n 1.5 .1761 .1790 .1818 .1847 .1875
3
3 -3<x<1 a>1
y=
1-2X"!+4X"!
4X
log2 4!
1.6 .2041 .2068 .2095 .2122 .2148
y 3 3!
1 2x- log
=5 x y xY 5 log1.41
x=log
2
a-5{-a +11a-18}
x=log 1.63
a
3 log5 3j25k1 2 5
log x=0.1761 log
10 5 2 2 3 x=0.1271 4
log2 5 log5 2 5 6
4 X log6 4+log6 9
y=2X"@+9\[2!]
2 -1<x<1 y=a4X-2X"!+2 {a>0, a=1} 4 a log2 10-log2 5
2
5
log2! x=4 logy 2=-3! x y
f{x}=loga x 7
a>0 a=1 m>0 n>0 x!+y! log 1.2 log 12
6 loga-3{a-1}
3 f{m+n}=f{m}+f{n}
loga-3{8-a}
f{mn}=f{m}f{n} 4 log 1717

a
log 0.017
m a<b {log4 3}A<{log4 3}B 1 1 log13 81 log3 32 11 18 22
f[ ]=f{m}-f{n} f[ ]= log13 3 log3 4
n 0<x<1 log3 x<log4 x m f{m} 25 33
log3! 5<log4! 5
log5 8\log2 5 8log2 3
3 log29log4{log3 a}0=-1 a
1 1
8
4 3
9 16
4 D E y=log2 x 7 x
a
log{a-2}@{ax2+2ax+8}
ABCD 4 FGBE
3 5 7
2-log2 3 2 4-log2 3 9 11
1 3x+3-x
4 x= log3{j2+1}
2 3x-3-x
j2-1 j2 j2+1
2+log2 3 3+log3 2
2j2 j2+2
contents
1.
01 008
02 024
2.
01 048
02 065
1.
01 084
02 101
03 124
1.
01 142
02 159
2.
01 176
02 194
1
01
02
01
1
a n a n aN
a a@ a# y aN y a aN a
n
a=0 a b m n
aMaN=aM"N {aM}N=aMN {ab}N=aNbN
aM+aN=aM"N
aMaN=aMN aM_N {m>n}
{aM}N=aMN N aN
[bA] = b=0 aM_aN= 1 {m=n} a=0
aM_aM=0 bN
1
{m<n}
aN_M
a 2 n n a
xN=a
x a n
a a a y a
a n n
Nja k
n
Nja k
@ja k
n a a n
ja k
! a>0
n
Nja k -Nja k
a n
@ a=0 Nj0 k=0

# a<0
a n 0
a n
Njak
{Njak }M=NjaMk
a>0 b>0 m n 2
Njak Njbk=Njab k =Nq e
a
M1Njak 2=MNjakk NP1aMP 2=N1aM 2

Njbk b
p
8
y=xN
a n xN=a y=xN y=a
n x y=xN y=a
n n n
{-x}N=-xN
SG
n a>0 2
{-x}N=xN
SG y
SG 1 -
SG a=0 1
a<0 0
{Njak }N=a {Njbk }N=b

a>0 b>0 n 2
Njak Njbk =Njabk SG {Njak Njbk}N={Njak}N{Njbk}N=ab

Njak>0 Njbk>0 Njak Njbk>0
Njak Njbk=Njabk
a>0, b>0
Njak Njak N {Njak }N a

Nja Njbk ab n
=Nq e
Njbk Njbk {Njbk}N b
SG
a
[ ]= =
Njak
b
Njak>0 Njbk>0
Njbk
a>0, b>0 >0
Njak Njak
=Nq e
Njbk Njbk
a a
n
{Njak }M=NjaMk 9{Njak }M0N={Njak }MN=9{Njak }N0M=aM

b b
SG
Njak >0 {Njak }M>0
{Njak }M {Njak }M=NjaMk
a>0
M4Nja k 6=MNjak {M1Njak 2}MN=9{M1Njak 2 }M0N={Njak }N=a

aM n
SG
M1Njak 2>0 M1Njak 2
M1Njak 2=MNjak
a>0 a mn
NPjaMPk=NjaMk SG {NPjaMPk}N={N1PjaMPk 3 }N=PjaMPk={PjaMk }P=aM

NPjaMPk>0 NPjaMPk
NPjaMPk=NjaM k
p a>0 aM n
1. a=0 b=0
b@ #
9a@\{a#}$0% {ab}%\a@b_[ a ]
2.
#1643 -$16253 %1-2433 *1{-2}*3
9
01
27 3
-16
81 -9
n 3 n 1
Talk
a n n a
27 x x#=27 x#-27=0 {x-3}{x@+3x+9}=0
a n -3-3j3i
x=3 x=
SG xN=a x 2
n a
-16 x x$=-16 x$+16=0 {x@-4i}{x@+4i}=0
SG Nja
x
a n -16
j81k j81k=9
n
Nja k Njak, -Njak

a
a>0 81
Nja k
x=N13 SG 1
a=0 0 0 3 n xN=3 x
a<0
n
01
-4 -2 2
j256k
-64 -4
2
49
n 6 n 2
01 1 j81k a -125 b ab
10
02
{#j5}%_#j25k+#4j64k 6
x>0
$j3\$j27k-$j16k
jx k
t\#r t\r t
jx k
#jxk %jxk
#1x@2\$1x#2 %r
%jxk #jxk
Njak Njbk=Njab k $j3\$j27k-$j16k=$j3\27k-$j16k

=$13$2-$12$2
{Nja}M=NjaM l M1Njak 2=MNjak {#j5}%_#j25k+#1j64k 2=#15%2_#15@2+^j64k

=3-2=1
Nja k
=Nq a w =#a s +^12^2
Njb k
5%
b 5@
=#15#2 +2
NjaM k=NPjaMP l
=5+2=7
#1x@2\$1x#2=!@1{x@}$3\!@1{x#}#3
Njak Njbk=Njab k
=!@1x*2\!@1x(2
=!@1x*\x(3=!@1x!&3
Nja k #jx k jx k \ %jx k = %4#jx k 5 \ #4jx k 5 \ 4%jx k 5

Nq a w= %a s\#a s a s
b Njb k jx %jx k #jx k %4jxk 5 #4%jxk 5 4#jx k 5
M1Nja k 2=MNjak !%jx k ^jx k !)jx k

= \ \ =1
!)jxk !%jxk ^jxk
02
$4#j81k 5\4#j81k 5 #jx k\$1x#2_^1x% 3
x>0
j16k jx k
r t+$r t t\r t\r t
j k
#j16k $jxk #jxk
#r
#j16k 16 x $jxk #jxk
02 1
{#j2+1}{#j4-#j2+1}+{$j3-$j2}{$j3+$j2}{j3+j2}
11
01
2
0
0 0) a=0 n
0_N
1
a)=1 a_N=
aN
1 1 2 _! 1 3
2)=1 {-5})=1 {12})=1 2_#= = [ ] = =
2# 8 3
3@
2
a=0 b=0 m n
m, n aMaN=aM"N aM_aN=aM_N
{aM}N=aMN {ab}N=aNbN
a>0 m n{n>2}
a =N1aM2 a =Njak
nM n!
25 =1252=15@2=5
3@ 2!
9 =#19@2=#13$2=3 #13
a>0 b>0 r s
0
aRaS=aR"S aR_aS=aR_S
{aR}S=aRS {ab}R=aRbR
a>0, b>0 x y
aXaY=aX"Y aX_aY=aX_Y
{aX}Y=aXY {ab}X=aXbX
j2=1.41421356y j2 x 2X
1, 1.4, 1.41, 1.414, 1.4142, y 1 2
1.4 2.639015y
1.41 2.657371y
21, 21.4, 21.41, 21.414, 21.4142, y
1.414 2.664749y
2j2
1.4142 2.665119y
a x ax
12
0
a=0 m n aMaN=aM"N m=0 m=-n
a) a_N
m=0 SG a)aN=a)"N=aN a)=1
SG a_NaN=a_N"N=a)=1
1
m=-n a_N=
aN
a=0 b=0 m=-p n=-q p, q m n
aMaN=aM"N SG aMaN=a_Pa_Q= \ =
1 1 1
=a_{P"Q}=a{_P}"{_Q}=aM"N
aP aQ aP"Q
aM_aN=aM_N SG aM_aN=a_P_a_Q= _ = \aQ=a_P\aQ=a{_P}_{_Q}=aM_N
1 1 1
aP aQ aP
{aM}N=aMN SG {aM}N={a_P}_Q=
1 1 1
= = =aPQ=a{_P}|{_Q}=aMN
{a_P}Q 1 Q 1
[ ]
aP aPQ
SG {ab}N={ab}_Q=
1 1 1 1
{ab}N=aNbN = = \ =a_Qb_Q=aNbN
{ab}Q aQbQ aQ bQ
m
a>0 m n {aM}N=aMN n {n>2}
m m
\n
{a n }N=a n =aM
m m m
n
a aM n aM an n a n =N1aM2
m p
a>0 b>0 r= s= m n p q n>2, q>2
n q
SG aRaS=a n \a q =a nq a nq =NQ1aMQ2`NQ1aNP2=NQ1aMQ"NP3=a
m p mq np mq+np m p
aRaS=aR"S nq
=a n " q =aR"S
a nq NQ1aMQ2 NQ MQ_NP3
= 1a
mq
a nq NQ1aNP2
m p mq np mq-np m p
aR_aS=aR_S SG aR_aS=a n _a q =a nq _a nq = np = =a nq =a n _ q =aR_S
SG {aR}S={a n } q =Qq{a n }Pe=Q4{N1aM2}P6=Q4N1aMP2 5=NQ1aMP2=a nq =a n

m p m mp m p
\
{aR}S=aRS q
=aRS
{ab}R=aRbR SG {ab}R={ab} =N1{ab}M3=N1aMbM3=N1aM2 N1bM2=a b =aRbR

m m m
n n n
1.
) _@
8_#_4_% [-3!] +[9!]
2. a>0
2# 6% 3@ 7!
a _a \{a@} {1a#2\$jak }
3. a>0
{2j32k_2j2} j2
1
a1+j3\a1-j3
13
03
72 #42 $j2 k 5 9
10 27 2! -2# 2#
\ 9{-3}$0 -25 \100
3@+9@ 2_%+8_@
10 27 10 27
\ = \
3@+9@ 2_%+8_@ 3@+{3@}@ 2_%+{2#}_@
10 27
= \
3@+3$ 2_%+2_^
10 3# 1 3@
= \ = \
3@{1+3@} 2_^{2+1} 3@ 2_^
1
n a_N= =2^=64
aN
Talk 2! -2# 2# 2! -2# 2#

9{-3}$0 -25 \100 ={3$} -{5@} \{10@}
=3@-5_#\10#
=3@-5_#\{2#\5#}
=3@-5_#"#\2#
a)=1 =9-1\8=1
72 #42 $j2 6 9=92\{2\2 } 0 =92\{2 } 0

4! 3! 2! 4% 3! 2!
Talk
m 17
5 1 17 1
N1aM2 =a n 1+ \
={2 12
} 2 =2 12 2
=2 24
03
y 10 \#42_@5\5
8_^+4_$ 3@ -6!
$r
8_$+4_!!
$4#j81 k 5\4#j81 k 5
4% -5@
1 $ ) &% 16
-[- ] = > \-[ ] =
2 25
03 1 1 a k
7a #4a@\$1a^ 2 6 9=$1aK 2 ^ja k #1a$ 2

a s a s=aK
$ja k ja k
\ $
14
04
a>0, b>0
2! 2! 2! 2! 3! -3! 3@ 3! -3! -3@
{a -b }{a +b }{a+b} {a +b }{a -a b +b }
2! 2! 2! 2!
{a -b }{a +b }{a+b}
{A+B}{A-B}=A@-B@ 2! 2!
=9{a }@-{b }@0{a+b}
={a-b}{a+b}
=a@-b@
3! -3! 3@ 3! -3! -3@
{a +b }{a -a b +b }
{A+B}{A@-AB+B@}=A#+B# 3! -3!
={a }#+{b }#
=a+b_!
=a+b!
04
4! 4! 2!
{1-3 }{1+3 }{1+3 }{1+3}{1+3@}
3! 3! 3! 3! 3!
{2 -5 }{4 +10 +25 }
04 1 {a-a_!}_{a -a
2! -2!
} a>0
04 2 3@ -3! 3@ -3!
a>0
{a +a }#+{a -a }#
1 1 2 4
+ + +
4! 4! 2! 1+a
1-a 1+a 1+a
15
05 aX+a_X
2! -2!
x +x =4 x>0
2# -2#
x+x_! x@+x_@ x +x
2! -2! 2! -2!
x +x =4 {x +x }@=4@
2! 2! -2! -2!
{x }@+2x x +{x }@=16
x+2\1+x_!=16
/ x+x_!=14
x+x_!=14 {x+x_!}@=14@
x@+2x\x_!+x_@=196
x@+2\1+x_@=196
/ x@+x_@=194
2! -2! 2! -2!
x +x =4 {x +x }#=4#
2! 2! -2! 2! -2! -2!
{x }#+3x x {x +x }+{x }#=64
2# -2#
x +3\1\4+x =64
2# -2#
/ x +x =52
05
2! -2!
x -x =2 x>0
2# -2#
x+x_! x@+x_@ x -x
05 1 2X+2_X=5 8X+8_X
05 2 x+x_!=23
2!
x +x
-2!
x>0
16
06
aX-a_X
aX+a_X
a@X=5 a>0
aX-a_X a#X+a_#X
aX+a_X aX+a_X
Talk
a@X aX-a_X {aX-a_X}aX

aX =
a@X aX+a_X {aX+a_X}aX
a@X-1
=
a@X+1
5-1
a@X=5 = =3@
5+1
a#X+a_#X {a#X+a_#X}aX
aX =
aX+a_X {aX+a_X}aX
a$X+a_@X
=
a@X+1
{a@X}@+{a@X}_!
=
a@X+1
25+5!
5@+5_! 21
a@X=5 = = =
5+1 6 5
06 a@X=2 a>0
aX+a_X a#X-a_#X
aX-a_X a#X+a_#X
06 1 x!
3 =25
5#X+5_#X
5X-5_X
06 2 1 a
aM+a_M
aM-a_M
=3 2{aM+a_M}{aM-a_M}
17
07
x, y, z
972X=8, 243Y=16 x#-y$
2X=4Y=8Z x!+y!-z! xyz=0
Talk
x! x!
a>0, b>0, x=0 972X=8 972=8 , 972={2#}
x! x!
aX=b`hjjk`{aX} =b x#
/ 2 =972 yy
x!
hjjkà=b y! y!
243Y=16 243=16 , 243={2$}
y$
/ 2 =243 yy
x# y$ x#-y$
_ 2 _2 =972_243 / 2 =2@
/ x#-y$=2
2X=4Y=8Z=k {k>0} xyz=0 k=1

x!
2X=k 2=k yy
y!
4Y=k 4=k yy
z!
8Z=k 8=k yy
x! y! z! x!+y!-z!
\ _ 2\4_8=k \k _k / k =1
k=1 x!+y!-z!=0
07 x, y, z
73X=9, 219Y=27 x@-y#
1 Z
2X=5Y=[ ] x!+y!+z! xyz=0
10
07 1 a b c 2A=3# 3B=5$ abc=60 5C
18
08
#12 $13 ^15
Talk
1 1 1
#j2=2 3 $j3=3 4 ^j5=5 6
1 4 1 1
12 #j2=2 3 =2 12 ={2$} 12 =16 12
1 3 1 1
1
$j3=3 4 =3 12 ={3#} 12 =27 12
12
1 2 1 1
^j5=5 6 =5 12 ={5@} 12 =25 12
1 1 1
16<25<27 16 12 <25 12 <27 12
#j2<^j5<$j3
!@1 2
#j2, $j3, ^j5 3, 4, 6 #j2=!@12$2=!@j16k
12 $j3=!@13#2=!@j27k
^j5=!@15@2=!@j25k
16<25<27 !@j16k <!@j25k <!@j27k
#j2<^j5<$j3
08 !@j6 *j3 ^j2
08 1 #4j65 #j2 $4#j12k 6 a a^
A=4 #j2+2j3, B=3 #j2+3j3, C=2 #j2+4j3

08 2
19
09
t T
T=56\kT\10^ k
15 8400 45
t
T=56\kT\10^
T
15 84\10^=56\k!%\10^
8400 / k!%=2#
45 56\k$%\10^=56\{k!%}#\10^
3 #
=56\[ 2 ] \10^
=189\10^
=18900
09 1 B0 t B
1 KT
B=B0[ 2 ] k
a
a 3 8 8
a 16 a
09 2 pH [H"] 10_M
pH=m pH=6.7 pH=7.3
0.3
10 =2
20
1
j625k -j5
-27
36 -j6
16 4
25 -5
ja
a s\a s\$a s=Nq
2 ja ja
$ja #ja 1
n a>0
#ja a
3 $j24k $j25k
7 5+2j6 5+4j3 5+4j6 49
4
41{-3}$\{-3}* 3 6 = 41{-3}!@ 3 6 = $1{-3}!@ 3 = {-3} 4 = {-3}# = -27
12
5 %4a#\1aK 2 6=a
4#
1 a k
21
6 2M=a, 2N=b [2!]
@M_N
a, b
a@ b
b-2a a@-b a@b
b a@
7 {23+j3+23-j3}@-{23+j3-23-j3}@
8 xjx k
2! -2! 1
x +x =j5 xjxk+ x>0
9 aX-a_X
=3@ a$X a>0}
j3 j5
aX+a_X
5 9 25
10 A=42`#j3 6 B=#42j3 6 C=#43j2 6
A<B<C B<A<C B<C<A C<A0
aX+a_X
3 a#X-a_#X=14
a@X+a_@X
aX-a_X
a>0
4 1 a, b aX=bY=5Z x!+y!=z@ ab xyz=0
5 A B C a b c
A 2 2 B 3 3 C 4 4
a b c
a<b<c b=c<a a=b=c c<b<a a=c0 a=1 N aX=N x
x
log logarithm x=loga N
a N N loga N
a>0 a=1 N>0 aX=N hjjk x=loga`N
5@=25 hjjk 2=log5 25, log3 =-3 hjjk 3_#=

1 1
27 27
loga N
1 SG a>0 a=1
SG N>0
loga N a>0 a=1 N>0
a>0 a=1 M>0 N>0

loga 1=0 loga a=1
loga MN=loga M+loga N
SG
aM
aMaN=aM"N =aM_N
M aN
loga =loga M-loga N
N
loga MK=k loga M k
log5 1=0 log5 5=1
log2 10=log2 {2\5}=log2 2+log2 5=1+log2 5
5
log2 2 =log2 5-log2 2=log2 5-1
log10 10$=4 log10 10=4\1=4
log1 1=0, log1 1=1 SG 1
loga {M+N}=loga M+loga N

SG loga MN=loga M+loga N
loga M\loga N=loga M+loga N
loga {M-N}=loga M-loga N
SG loga`\n\M =loga M-loga N
loga M
=loga M-loga N
loga N
{loga M}K=k loga M SG loga MK=k loga M
24
loga N
! a=1
a 1
a=1 N=1 x 1X=1 x=log1 1
@ a>0
a=1 N=1 1X=N x
x aX a>0 0X=7 {-2}Y=7

x=log0 7 y=log-2 7 0
N
a aX x 2X=0 3Y=-5 x
x=log2 0 y=log3{-5} 0
a>0 a=1
a)=1 hjjk loga 1=0, a!=a hjjk loga a=1
M>0 N>0 loga M=m loga N=n {m n } M=aM N=aN
MN=aMaN=aM"N hjjk loga MN=m+n=loga M+loga N
M aM
= =aM_N hjjk loga M =m-n=loga M-loga N
N aN N
MK=aMK k hjjk loga MK=mk=k loga M
1. aX=N x=loga N
3%=243 5)=1
2
1 1 #
[ ] =0.008
-
3
8 =
4 5
2. x
logx'3 5 log2{3x-6}
3.
log5 5+log9 1 log6 3+log6 12
4 1 1
log2 -log2 log3 +log3 #j3
3 12 9
25
01
a
1
log2 =a logj3 a=4
32
3
loga 2j2= log3{log8 a}=-1
8
1 1
log2 =a 2A= =2_% / a=-5
32 32
logj3 a=4 a={j3}$=3@=9
3 3 3 3 8
3
loga 2j2= a 8 =2j2, a 8 =2 2 / a={2 2 } 3 =2$=16
8
1
log3 {log8 a}=-1 log8 a=3_! / log8 a=
3
1 1
1
log8 a= a=8 3 ={2#} 3 =2
3
1
=2_% 1
32 a=log2 =log2 2_%=-5 log2 2=-5
32
01 a
log2j3 144=a log9 a=0.5
4
loga 81=- log2! {log64 a}=1
3
01 1 log2 {loga 2}=-3 log2 9log3 {log2 b}0=0 a b bA
01 2 x+2y=3 2x+{log3 a}y=5 a
26
02
logx-2 {-x@+6x-5} x
Talk
>0 =1 x-2>0, x-2=1
>0 =1 >0 / x>2, x=3 yy
>0 -x@+6x-5>0, x@-6x+5<0
{x-1}{x-5}<0
/ 1<x<5 yy
x
2<x<3 3<x<5
02 log|x-1|{-x@+x+2} x
02 1 loga {a@-a-6} a
02 2 x log1-p {x@-2px+3p} p
x
x@+ax+b>0
x@+ax+b=0
D<0
27
03
j2
log3 j54k-log3 - log3 96 3 log2 #j3+ log2 j2+log2
1 1 1
4 2 2 3
log3 j54k-log3 4!-2! log3 96=log3 3j6-log3 4_!-log3 j96k

=log3 3j6+log3 4-log3 4j6
3j6\4
=log3
4j6
=log3 3=1
log2 j2+log2 j2 =3 log2 3 + log2 2 +log2 j2-log2 3

1 3! 1 2!
3 log2 #j3+
2 3 2
1 2!
=log2 3+ log2 2+log2 2 -log2 3
4
1 1
= + log2 2
4 2
1 1
= + =4#
4 2
03
log3 j16k- log3 - log3 #j80k
1 1 3
3 log5 3-2 log5 75-log5 375
2 5 2
03 1 1
2
1
3
1
4
1
log10 [1- ]+log10 [1- ]+log10 [1- ]+log10 [1- ]+y+log10 [1-
5
1
100
]
03 2 x y z log3 x+log3 2y+log3 3z=1 9{81X}Y0Z
28
04
log10 2=a, log10 3=b a, b
log10 24 log10 #j12k
2 3 log10 24=log10 {2#\3}

log10 24 =log10 2#+log10 3
=3 log10 2+log10 3
log10 2=a log10 3=b =3a+b
1
2 3 log10 #j12k=log10 12 3
log10 #j12k 1
= log10 {2@\3}
3
1
= {2 log10 2+log10 3}
3
2a+b
log10 2=a log10 3=b =
3
04 log3 2=a log3 5=b a b
2
log3 log3 %j50k
15
04 1 log10 15=a log10

25
3
=b log10 45 a b
04 2 5A=8, 5B=9 log5 6 a, b
29
02
2
a>0 a=1 b>0 b=1 c>0 c=1
logc b 1
loga b= loga b=
logc a logb a
log5 3 1
log2 3= log3 2=
log5 2 log2 3
loga 1=0 loga a=1

loga MN a>0 a=1 b>0 c>0 c=1
=loga M+loga N n
M logaM bN= m loga b m=0 alogc b=blogc a
loga
N
=loga M-loga N 3
log5@ 7#= log5 7 2 log3 5=5 log3 2
loga MK=k loga M 2
loga b=x logc a=y aX=b cY=a b=aX={cY}X=cXY

xy=logc b
loga b\logc a=logc b
a=1 logc a=0 logc a
logc b
loga b=
logc a
logb b 1
c=b loga b= =
logb a logb a
loga bN n loga b n
logaM bN= = = loga b
loga aM m loga a m
A=B x=a logc b c
loga A=loga B logc x=logc a logc b=logc b\logc a
a
=logc a\logc b=logc b logc a
x=b logc a a logc b=b logc a
1.
log7 121
log3 4\log2 3
log7 11
2
3log3 10+7log7 2 log3 5+log3 2-
log10 9
30
05
log2 3$\log3 j5\log5 j2 log2{log3 2\log4 3}
log2 j5 log2 j2
log2 3$\log3 j5\log5 j2=4 log2 3\ \
log2 3 log2 5
1 log2 5 1 log2 2
2 2
=4 log2 3\ \
log2 3 log2 5
1 1
=4\ \ =1
2 2
1
log2{log3 2\log4 3}=log2 [log3 2\ ]
log3 4
1
=log2 [log3 2\ ]
2 log3 2
=log2 2!=log2 2_!=-1
05
log6 j27k+
1
logj8 6
log3 6\log8 9\log3! 2\log6 27
05 1 log10 4 log10 12 log10 27

a
=
b
=
c
=log10 6 a+b+c abc=0
05 2 log10 {log2 3}+log10 {log3 4}+log10 {log4 5}+y+log10 {log1023 1024}
31
06
{log2 3+log8 9}{log3 2+log9 8}
2log2 3@+log2 27-log2 3
log8 9 2 {log2 3+log8 9}{log3 2+log9 8}

log9 8 3 ={log2 3+log2# 3@}{log3 2+log3@ 2#}
=[log2 3+3@ log2 3][log3 2+2# log3 2]
=3% log2 3\2% log3 2

25 1
= \log2 3\
6 log2 3
25
=
6
3@\27
log2 3@+log2 27-log2 3=log2
3
=log2 6
log2 3@+log2 27-log2 3 log2 6 log2 2
/ 2 =2 =6 =6
06
{log2 3+log4 j3}{log3 5+logj3 25}{log5 2+log25 j2}
5log5 4\log2 3
logj2 3
06 1 a=
3
log3 25
+log25 10-
logj2 5
5A
06 2 A=log2! ^j3, B=log4! $j3, C=log2! %j3
32
07
1 1
x, y 52X=13Y=26 x+y
52X=26 x=log52 26 / x!=log26 52
13Y=26 y=log13 26 / y!=log26 13
1 1 log26 52+log26 13=log26 {52\13}

x+y
=log26 26@
=2
1 1
52X=26 13Y=26 52=26 x 13=26 y
x! y! x!+y!
52\13=26 \26 , 26 =26@
/ x!+y!=2
07
x
x y 2X=5Y=10 y
07 1 x y 8X=27 24Y=81
3 4
x- y
07 2 x y z 3X=2Y=6Z
1 1 1
+ -
x y z
xyz=0
33
08
x@-4x+2=0 log5 a, log5 b loga b+logb a
x@-4x+2=0 log5 a+log5 b=4 yy

log5 a log5 b log5 a\log5 b=2 yy
log; b+log. a 5 log; b+log. a
log5 b log5 a
= +
log5 a log5 b
{log5 b}@+{log5 a}@
=
log5 a\log5 b
{log5 a+log5 b}@-2 log5 a\log5 b
=
log5 a\log5 b
4@-2\2
= =6
2
08 x@+5x+3=0 log10 a log10 b loga ab#+logb a#b
08 1 x@+ax+b=0 1 log2 3 a b
b
a
08 2 x@-8x+4=0 a b
ab
1 1
logab {a+b}-log 1 [ a + ]
b
34
02
3
10
N log10 N 10
log N
10X
log 10X=log10 10X=x
log 10000=log10 10$=4 log10 10=4

1
log =log10 10_@=-2 log10 10=-2
100
0.01 1.00 9.99
log 5.1 7
5.1 7
.7135 0.7135
log 5.17=0.7135
log N=n+a n 0<a<1

log N log N
log 3.75=0.5740
log 375=log {10@\3.75}=2+log 3.75=2+0.5740
log 0.0375=log {10_@\3.75}=-2+log 3.75=-2+0.5740 0< <1
35
n n-1
n 0
-n
log 3.45=0.5378
log 3450 =log {10#\3.45}=3+log 3.45= 3`+0.5378
log 345 =log {10@\3.45}=2+log 3.45= 2`+0.5378 n
log 34.5=log {10\3.45}=1+log 3.45= 1`+0.5378 n-1
log 3`.45= 0`.5378

log 0.3 45=log {10_!\3.45}=-1+log 3.45= -1 +0.5378 n
0
log 0.03 45=log {10_@\3.45}=-2+log 3.45= -2 +0.5378
log 0.003 45=log {10_#\3.45}=-3+log 3.45= -3 +0.5378 -n
1.
j10k
1
log 10% log 0.01 log #j100k log
2. {p.212~213} x
x=log 2.94 x=log 6.08 log x=0.9112 log x=0.6946
3.
log 5.57 log 6750 log 0.193 log 0.00214
36
09
log 4.25=0.6284
log 42.5 log 4250 log 0.0425
Talk
42.5=10\4.25 log 42.5=log{10\4.25}
N
=log 10+log 4.25
N=10N\a
1<a<10, n =1+0.6284=1.6284
4250=10#\4.25 log 4250=log{10#\4.25}
=log 10#+log 4.25
=3 log 10+log 4.25
=3+0.6284=3.6284
0.0425=10_@\4.25 log 0.0425=log{10_@\4.25}
=log 10_@+log 4.25
=-2 log 10+log 4.25
=-2+0.6284=-1.3716
09
log j7.68k
log 7.68=0.8854
log 768 log 0.768
09 1 log #j0.364l
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3.5 .5441 .5453 .5465 .5478 .5490 .5502 .5514 .5527
3.6 .5563 .5575 .5587 .5599 .5611 .5623 .5635 .5647
3.7 .5682 .5694 .5705 .5717 .5729 .5740 .5752 .5763
3.8 .5798 .5809 .5821 .5832 .5843 .5855 .5866 .5877
3.9 .5911 .5922 .5933 .5944 .5955 .5966 .5977 .5988
37
10
log 2.05=0.3118 N
log N=3.3118 log N=-2.6882
log N=n+a n 0<a<1 log N=3+0.3118

=log 10#+log 2.05
=log {10#\2.05}
=log 2050
N 2050
Talk log N=n+a n 0<a<1 log N=-2+{-0.6882}
log N=n+a
={-2-1}+{1-0.6882}
1 1
a 0<a<1
=-3+0.3118
=log 10_#+log 2.05
=log {10_#\2.05}
=log 0.00205
N 0.00205
log 2.05=0.3118 log N=3+0.3118 N 2.05

log N 3 N 4
/ N=2050
log 2.05=0.3118 log N=-3+0.3118 N 2.05
log N -3 0
/ N=0.00205
10 log 5.67=0.7536 N
log N=4.7536 log N=-4.2464
10 1 log 612=2.7868 log N=-2.2132 N
38
11
log 3=0.4771
3%)
3_!$ 0
Talk
n 3%) log 3%)=50 log 3

log N n =50\0.4771
SG N n+1
=23.855=23+0.855
log N -n
SG N n log 3%) 23 3%) 24
0
3_!$ log 3_!$‚=-14 log 3
=-14\0.4771
=-6.6794
={-6-1}+{1-0.6794}
=-7+0.3206
log 3_!$ -7 3_!$ 7 0
11 log 2=0.3010 log 3=0.4771
12@)
[6!]#) 0
11 1 7!)) 85 7@%
11 2 a a!) 95 a!
39
12
log N 1 log N log N#

N
1<N<10 log N log N@ 1 N
Talk
log N#-log N=3 log N-log N
=2 log N SG
SG
= log N 1 1<log N<2 / 2<2 log N<4
2 log N 2 log N=2 2 log N=3
1
3
SG / log N=1 log N=
2
=
2#
N=10 N=10 =10j10k
1 log N+log N@=log N+2 log N
=3 log N SG
1<N<10 log 1<log N<log 10, 0<log N<1
/ 0<3 log N<3
3 log N 3 log N=1 3 log N=2
1 2
/ log N= log N=
3 3
3! 3@
N=10 =#j10k N=10 =#j100k
12
1
100<N<1000 log N log N
N
log N 5 log N log jNk 1

N
12 1 log N 3 log
N
4
log N 2
40
13
1 m# 200 lg{1 lg=10_^ g}

t 1 m# x{t}{lg/m#}
t
-
x{t}=20+180\3 256
n 1 m# 65 lg
n log 2=0.30, log 3=0.48
n
-
256
n 1 m# 65=20+180\3
n
65 lg - 1
/ 3 256
= yy
4
n
-
256 1
log 3 =log
4
n
- log 3=-2 log 2
256
2 log 2
/ n= \256
log 3
2\0.30
log 2=0.30, log 3=0.48 = \256=320
0.48
13 1 1 M N
log N=a-0.9M a
4 1 64 x 1
x log 2=0.3
13 2 m
5
I
m=- 2 log I+C C

24 2
log 2=0.30 log 3=0.48
41
14
10 %
10 %
log 3=0.4771, log 3.48=0.542
Talk
r% A 10 !)
]
A
A[1-
n 10 % 10 100
A[1-
r N
] / A\0.9!) yy
100
9
x=0.9!) log x=10 log 0.9=10 log
10
=10{2 log 3-1}
log 3=0.4771 =10{2\0.4771-1}=-0.458
=-1+{1-0.458}=-1+0.542
log 3.48=0.542 =-1+log 3.48=log 10_!+log 3.48
=log{10_!\3.48}=log 0.348
/ x=0.9!)=0.348
A\0.348
10
34.8 %
14
20 % 15 15
%
log 2=0.301, log 3.51=0.545
14 1 %
10 4
log 2=0.30 log 1.15=0.06
42
1 x=log2 27 2
6X
2 x log{a-1}@ {ax@+ax+1} a
3
log3 {3\3@\3#\y\3!@}=78
log2 1+log2 2+log2 3+y+log2 10=log2 55
2! log2 4+3@ log2 8+4# log2 16+y+ 9 log2 1024=45

10
log2 2@\log3 3@\log4 4@\y\log1010@=2‚!)
4 1
3
1
log5 [1+ ]=a log5 [1- ]=b
9
log5 [1-
1
81
] a b
5 0 a b c a+b+c=0 3A=x 3B=y 3C=z 1

x, y, z logx yz+logy zx+logz xy
43
6
5 8 1
log5 -log5 + log5 64
3 15 2
{log9 2+log3 4}{log2 3+log4 9}
log3 4\log4 7\log7 9
log5 5+52 log5 2+log
5! 4
{log3 5+log5 3}@-{log3 5-log5 3}@

2
7 a b aX=bY=5 logab b# x y
8 x@-5x+5=0 a b loga-b a+loga-b b

a>b
9 log 6.78=0.8312
log 67.8=1.8312 log 6780=3.8312 log 678000=5.8312

log 0.678=-1.8312 log 0.0678=-1.1688
10 log 53.6=1.7292 log N=4.7292 N
44
11 [log 1]+[log 2]+[log 3]+y+[log 999] [x] x
1990 1960 1890 1880 1870
12 A log A 3x@+5x+k=0
k
13 a>1 {loga ja}‚@) 0

log 2=0.3010
4 5 6 7 8
14 pH 1L H"
1
pH=log
{H" }
pH 4.7 pH 6.2
45
1 log3 12 x y
3Y+3_Y
2X-2_X
2 5!% m 5!% n m+n

log 2=0.3010 log 3=0.4771
3 100<N<1000
log N-[log N]=log N#-[log N#]
N [x] x
4 100 m 10 %
A 5A
m
, log 1.1=0.04 log 2=0.30
46
2
01
02
01
1
y=aX a=1 a 1 x aX
y=1X=1 y=aX
x aX
y=aX{a>0 a=1}
1
a
y=aX{a>0, a=1} a
y=aX{a>0, a=1}
a>1 x y
0<a<1 x y
{0, 1} x
! a>1
y=aX
x>0 a y
@ 0<a<1 x<0 a
y
y=aX{a>0, a=1}
x m y n
SG y=aX_M+n x x-m, y y-n
x SG y=-aX y -y
X
y SG y=a_X=[a!] x -x
X
SG y=-a_X=-[a!] x -x, y -y
48
y=2X
y=2X x y
x y -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 y
y y 8! 4! 2! 1 2 4 8 y
x y {x y} x
y=2X
X
y=[2!]
X
y=[2!]
X
y=[2!] ={2_!}X=2_X
X
y=[2!] y=2X y
X
y=[2!]
1.
X"@
y=3_%X y=x% y=[4!] y=2!)
2. f{x}=3X
1
f{1} f{3} f{-1} f[ ]
2
3.
1 X
y=3X y=[ ]
3
49
01
y=2X_#+1 y=2_X+1 y=-2X
y=2X_#+1 y=2X
x 3 y
9y|y>10
1
y=1
X
y=2_X+1=[2!] +1
X 9y|y>10
y=[2!] y
y=1
1
y=-2X y=2X
x
9y|y<00
y=0
01
1 1 1
y=[ ]X"!-2 y=[ ]_X"@ y=-[ ]X
3 3 3
01 1
y=4\2X_#+1 y=3|x-1|
50
02
X
y=[2!] x 1 y -4 y
y=a\2X+b a, b ab
X X_!
y=[2!] x 1 y+4=[2!]
y -4 X_!
/ y=[2!] -4 yy
-x-1 -{x+1}
y y=[2!] -4=[2!] -4=2X"!-4
/ y=2\2X-4 yy
y=a\2X+b a=2, b=-4
/ ab=-8
02 y=3X x -3 y 2
1
y=a[ ]X+b a b
3
02 1 y=2X
X_!
y=8\2X y=2@X y=[2!] y=2{2X-1}
02 2 y=[2!]
X"@
x a y b
a+b
y=2 x y
51
03 y=a f{x}
y=2-2x 3x {-1<x<1} y=2-x@+4x-3
Talk y=2_@X 3X y=[4!]X\3X=[4#]X
y=[4#]X x y
aXbX={ab}X
-1<x<1 x=-1 3$
y=2_@X 3X
x=1 4#
-x@+4x-3
Talk y=2
t=-x@+4x-3=-{x-2}@+1 yy
-x@+4x-3=t
y=a f{x} f{x}=t 1 t<1
t
y=aT y=2T t y
t<1 y=2T t=1 2
03
y=[3!]X"! {-2<x<2} y=3@X 5_X {0<x<2}
x@-6x+6
y=[3!] y=5-x@-4x {-3<x<0}
03 1 -2<x<1 y=2X"!+k 5 k
52
04 aX
0<x<2 y=9X-2\3X"!+4
Talk
aX y=9X-2\3X"!+4 y={3@}X-2\3\3X+4
={3X}@-6\3X+4
aX=t
t>0
3X=t {t>0} y=t@-6t+4={t-3}@-5
t=3X 3 3>1 0<x<2
3)<t<3@
/ 1<t<9
1<t<9
y={t-3}@-5
t=9 31
t=3 -5
04 0<x<2 y=2X"@-4X-1
04 1 -1<x<0
1 1
y=[ ]X-[ ]X_!-4
9 3
04 2 -2<x<0 y=4_X-3\2!_X+a 4 a y
53
01
2
y=aX{a>0, a=1}
y=loga x{a>0, a=1}
a
y=loga x y=aX y=loga x y=aX

y=x
y=loga x{a>0, a=1} a
y=loga x{a>0, a=1}
a>1 x y
0<a<1 x y
{1, 0} y
! a>1
y=loga x
x>1 a
x
@ 0<a<1 x>1 a
x
y=loga x{a>0, a=1}

x m y n
SG y=loga {x-m}+n
y=-loga x x SG y=-loga x=loga x!
y=loga! x
y=loga x y SG y=loga{-x}
SG y=-loga{-x}=loga [-x!]
y=loga! x
y=x SG y=aX
54
y=aX{a>0, a=1}
y=aX hjjk x=loga y

x y y=aX
y=loga x{a>0, a=1}
y=loga x{a>0, a=1} 9x|x>00
1.
y=log10 x y=x log2 5 y=log2! x@ y=log3 2X
2. f{x}=log2 x
f [2!] f{1} f{j2} f{8}
3.
y=log5 x y=log5! x
4.
1
y=3X y=[ ]X
3
55
05
y=log2 {x+1}+1 y=log2 {-x} y=-log2 x
y=log2 {x+1}+1
y=log2 x x
9x|x>-10
-1 y 1
x=-1
y=log2 {-x}
y=log2 x y 9x|x<00
x=0
y=-log2 x y=log2 x
x 9x|x>00
x=0
05
y=log3! {x+1} y=log3! {-x} y=-log3! {-x}
05 1
y=log2 4{x-1} y=log3 |x|
56
06
y=log3 x x -1 y 1 y
y=log3{ax+b} a, b ab
y=log3 x x -1 y-1=log3{x+1}
y 1 / y=log3{x+1}+1 yy
y y=log3{-x+1}+1
=log3{-x+1}+log3 3
/ y=log3{-3x+3} yy
y=log3{ax+b} a=-3 b=3
/ ab=-9
06 y=log2 x y 2 y
y=log2 ax a
06 1 y=log4 x
y=log4 x! y=-log4 x+4
y=log4 {-4x} y=2 log4 x+1
06 2 y=log3 x x a y
b a+b
x=-3
57
07
y=2_X"#-1 y=log3 {x-2}+1
Talk
y=2_X"#-1 9x|x 0
y= f{x} 9y|y>-10 2_X"#>0 2_X"#-1>-1
x=g{y}
x y
y=2_X"#-1 y+1=2_X"#
y= f{x} -x+3=log2 {y+1}
/ x=-log2 {y+1}+3
x y y=-log2 {x+1}+3
/ y=log2! {x+1}+3 x>-1
y=log3 {x-2}+1 9x|x>20 x-2>0
9y|y 0
y=log3 {x-2}+1 y-1=log3 {x-2}
x-2=3Y_!
/ x=3Y_!+2
x y y=3X_!+2
07
y=2X_!+1 y=log3! {x-2}+1
07 1
2X-2_X
y= y=log3 {x+1x@+13}
2
07 2 f{x}=log3
x+1
x-1
{x>1} g{x} g{a}=3 g{b}=5 a+b
58
08
y=log2 x y=2X
abcd 2K k
x y
y=2X {0, 1}
y=1 y=log2 x log2 a=1 / a=2
{a, 1}
y=2X {a, c}
c=2@=4
{2, c}
y=log2 x {b, c} log2 b=4
{b, 4} / b=2$=16
y=2X {b, d}
d=2!^
{16, d}
abcd abcd=2\2$\2@\2!^=2!"$"@"!^=2@#
k 2K=2@# / k=23
08 y=log2 x y=2X
F ABZ CDZ EFZ x
08 1 P{a b} Q{-1 b}
y=log3! x y=f{x} ab
x y
59
09 y=loga`f{x}
y=log3 {2x+1} {1<x<4} y=log2!{-x@+4x+4} {0<x<4}
Talk y=log3 {2x+1}=log3[x+2!]+log3 2
x y
1<x<4
x=4 log3 9=2
y=log3 {2x+1}
x=1 log3 3=1
Talk y=log2! {-x@+4x+4} t=-x@+4x+4

-x@+4x+4=t =-{x-2}@+8` yy
y=loga f{x} f{x}=t
0<x<4
t
y=loga t 8 4 4<t<8
y=log2! t t y
4<t<8 t=4 log2! 4=-2

y=log2! t t=8 log2! 8=-3
09
y=log2 {x-1} {3<x<5} y=log3! {2x+1} {1<x<4}
y=log3! {x@-4x+13} y=log3 {-x@+2x+9} {2<x<4}
09 1 y=loga {x@-2x+3} -1 a
a>0 a=1
60
10 loga x
1<x<8 y={log2 x}@-log2 x@+2
Talk
loga x y={log2 x}@-log2 x@+2 y={log2 x}@-2 log2 x+2

log2 x=t y=t@-2t+2={t-1}@+1
loga x=t
t=log2 x 2 2>1 1<x<8
log2 1<t<log2 8
/ 0<t<3
0<t<3 y={t-1}@+1
t=3 5
t=1 1
10 1<x<2 y=2{log2! x}@+log2! x@
10 1 2<x<16
16
y=log2 2x\log2 x M m M+m
10 2 y={log3 x}@+a log27 x@+b x=3! 1 a b
61
1 y=3!\3_X-1
9y|y>-10
{-1, 0} y=-1
x y
3 4
y=3X y x -1 y
-1
2 y=9\3X-2 x 2 y
{-2, k} k
3 -3<x<1 y=
1-2X"!+4X"!
4X
4 y=2X"@+9\[2!]
X
5 f{x}=loga x
a>0 a=1 m>0 n>0
f{m+n}=f{m}+f{n} f{mn}=f{m}f{n}
m 1 1
f[ ]=f{m}-f{n} f[ ]=
n m f{m}
62
6 y=log3 x
y=3X_@ y=log9 x@
1
y= +1 y=2 log9 x-1
3X
7 y=10AX y=
a
100
log x a
8 f{x}=-
-log2{-x+6} {x<5}
log2{x-4} {x>5}
{ f _!`J`f _!}{a}=6
9 3<x<21 y=log3{x-a}+2 4 a
10 y=3log x\xlog 3-3{xlog 3+3log x}+10 x=a b a+b

x>1
63
1 y=1
f{x}=aX_M+n g{x}=aM_X+n x=2
y= f{x} y=g{x} x=3
A B ABZ=3* a m n a+m+n
a>1
2 -1<x<1 y=a4X-2X"!+2 {a>0, a=1} 4 a
3
a8, 4X-2X<0 SG
y=aX{a>0, a=1}
ax1=ax2 hjjk x1=x2

a>1 ax1<ax2 hjjk x1<x2
0<a<1 ax1<ax2 hjjk x1>x2
1 1 1
3X=9 3X=3@ x=2 [ ]X>8 [ ]X>[ ]_# x<-3
2 2 2
y=aX {a>0 a=1} p

aX=p
aX=p y=aX y=p x
1.
[4!]X=64
1 1
2X= 3X_!=
16 81
2.
[3!]X<
1
3@X"!<3X 4X>128
27
65
01
3 2x@-7 4 4-x
[ ] =[ ] 4X-3\2X"!-16=0
4 3
Talk
2x@-7 4-x
[4#] =[3$] 2x@-7 -1 4-x 2x@-7 -4+x
[4#] =-[4#] = / [4#] =[4#]
4#
aX
aX=t t 2x@-7=-4+x 2x@-x-3=0
x aX>0 {x+1}{2x-3}=0 / x=-1 x=2#

t>0
4X-3\2X"!-16=0 {2@}X-3\2\2X-16=0
/ {2X}@-6\2X-16=0
2X=t {t>0} t@-6t-16=0, {t+2}{t-8}=0
/ t=8 {? t>0}
t=2X 2X=8 / 2X=2#
x=3
01
1
8X"!=#j32k 4x@-64\[ ]X=0
16
4_X-2_X"!-8=0 5X+5_X=2
01 1
x@-3
9|x|=[3!]
01 2 {3+2j2}X+{3-2j2}X-6=0
66
02
{x+2}X_!=4X_!`{x>-2} {x-1}x@={x-1}3+2x`{x>1}
Talk
0
! x+2=4 / x=2
@
g{x}f{x}=h{x}f{x}
SG g{x}=h{x} 0 x-1=0 / x=1
! @
f{x}=0
x=1 x=2
f{x}g{x}=f{x}h{x}
SG f{x}=1 1
!
g{x}=h{x}
1 x-1=1 / x=2
@ x@=3+2x, x@-2x-3=0
{x+1}{x-3}=0
/ x=3`{? x>1}
! @ x=2 x=3
02
{x-2}X_#={2x-3}X_#`{x>2} x#X"$=x_X"@`{x>0}
02 1 16{x+1}X=2@X{x+1}@ x>-1
02 2 xxxx={xx}x x>0
67
03
9X-5\3X"!+27=0 a b a+b
4X-{a+1}2X"!+a+7=0 a
9X-5\3X"!+27=0 {3X}@-15\3X+27=0 yy
3X=t {t>0} t@-15t+27=0 yy
a b
3a 3b
3a\3b=27 3a+b 3# / a+b=3
Talk 4X-{a+1}2X"!+a+7=0 {2X}@-2{a+1}2X+a+7=0

2X=t {t>0} t@-2{a+1}t+a+7=0 yy
!
x t=2X>0
@
>0
#
>0
>0
!
D
D>0 ={a+1}@-a-7=a@+a-6>0
4
{a+3}{a-2}>0 / a<-3 a>2
@ >0 2{a+1}>0 / a>-1
# >0 a+7>0 / a>-7
! @ # a
a>2
03
4X-3\2X"@+8=0 a b a+b
4X-a\2X"@+16=0 a
03 1 4X-2{m-4}2X+2m=0 1 m
68
04
1 x@ 1 x@+x-4
[ ] <[ ] 4X-3\2X+2>0
4 16
Talk
1 x@ 1 x@+x-4 1 x@ @ x@+x-4
[ ] <[ ] [ ] <-[4!] =
4 16 4
1 1 x@ 2x@+2x-8
/ [ ] <[4!]
4 4
aX 4! 0<4!<1 x@>2x@+2x-8, x@+2x-8<0

aX=t t {x+4}{x-2}<0
/ -4<x<2
x aX>0
t>0 4X-3\2X+2>0 {2X}@-3\2X+2>0
2X=t {t>0} t@-3t+2>0, {t-1}{t-2}>0
/ t<1 t>2
t>0 0<t<1 t>2

t=2X 0<2X<1 2X>2
2X<2) 2X>2!
2 2>1 x<0 x>1
04
1 1
9X{X_!}<27@_X [ ]@X"!<[ ]X
3 81
1 1
9X-10\3X"!+81>0 [ ]X-5\[ ]X_!+16<0
4 2
04 1 1 @X"! 1 #X_(
[ ] <32<[ ]
8 2
x
04 2 0.125X-0.25X-4\0.5X+4<0
69
05
x@X"%>x#X_@ x>0
Talk
! 0<x<1 @ x=1 # x>1

x
! 0<
@ ! 0<x<1
<1
2x+5<3x-2 / x>7
#
=1
>1
0<x<1
@ x=1 1>1
! @ #
x=1
# x>1 2x+5>3x-2 / x<7

x>1 1<x<7
! @ # 1<x<7
05 x#X_@>xX"$ x>0
05 1 xx@<x2x+3 x x>0
05 2 {x@-2x+1}X"@<{x@-2x+1}$X_! x=1
70
06
A 2018 1000 2
B 2018 100
A B 15000 2018
A 2 n A =10#\2N
B n B =10^\[2!]N
1
k A B 15000 10#\2K>10^\[ ]K+15\10#
2
1
/ 2K-10#\ -15>0
2K
2K=t {t>0} 1000

t- -15>0, t@-15t-1000>0
t
{t+25}{t-40}>0 / t>40`{? t>0}
t=2K 2K>40
2%=32 2^=64 k =6
A B 15000
2018 6
06 A B
A 4 B 2 1
A 2 B A B
2400
06 1 1 6 100
6
n
6 1000
n+1
105@=2.5
71
02
2
log2 x=3, logx 4=-2 SG log2 x<2, logx 4>-1 SG
y=loga x {a>0 a=1}

>0 =1 >0
loga x=p hjjk x=aP

loga x1=loga x2 hjjk x1=x2
a>1 loga x1>loga x2 hjjk x1>x2
0<a<1 loga x1>loga x2 hjjk x1<x2
log2 {x-1}=2 x>1

x-1=2@ / x=5
y=loga x {a>0 a=1} p

loga x=p
loga x=p y=loga x y=p x
1.
log2 {3x+1}=4 log2! {x+1}=log2 2!
2.
log2 {2x-3}<2 log3! {2x-5}<log3! {x-3}
72
07
log2 {x+1}+log2 {x-3}=5 {log3 x}@-log3 x#+2=0
Talk
x+1>0 x-3>0 x>3
log2 {x+1}+log2 {x-3}=5 log2 {x+1}{x-3}=5
{x+1}{x-3}=2% x@-2x-35=0
{x+5}{x-7}=0 / x=-5 x=7
loga x x>3 x=7

loga x=t
x>0 x#>0 x>0
t
{log3 x}@-log3 x#+2=0 {log3 x}@-3 log3 x+2=0
log3 x=t t@-3t+2=0 {t-1}{t-2}=0
/ t=1 t=2
t=log3 x log3 x=1 log3 x=2
x=3!=3 x=3@=9
x>0 x=3 x=9
07
log3! {x-2}+log3! {x+6}=-2 log2 {x-1}=log4 {4-x}+1
4 x
{log2 x}@-log2 x%+6=0 log2! \log2! =-2
x 8
07 1 log3 x+logx 27=4 a b ab
07 2 logx@-x-2 {2x-1}=log4 {2x-1}
73
08
8
xlog2 x= xlog 3\3log x-4\3log x+3=0
x@
Talk
log2 x x>0
8 8
xlog2 x= 2 log2 xlog2 x=log2
loga x x@ x@
a log2 x\log2 x=log2 8-log2 x@
loga x / {log2 x}@+2 log2 x-3=0
b
loga x
b =t`{t>0} log2 x=t t@+2t-3=0, {t+3}{t-1}=0
/ t=-3 t=1
t=log2 x log2 x=-3 log2 x=1
x=2_#=8! x=2!=2
x>0 x=8! x=2
log x x>0
log 3 log x
x =3 3log x\3log x-4\3log x+3=0
/ {3log x}@-4\3log x+3=0
3log x=t {t>0} t@-4t+3=0 {t-1}{t-3}=0
/ t=1 t=3
log x
t=3 3log x=1 3log x=3
/ log x=0 log x=1
x=10)=1 x=10!=10
x>0 x=1 x=10
08
9
xlog x=1000x@ x2 log3 x=
x#
xlog 2\2log x-6\2log x+8=0 xlog 3\3log x-5{xlog 3+3log x}+9=0
08 1 2log 2x=3log 3x
74
09
log3! {x-2}>log9! {x+4} {log2 x}@-log2 x$+3>0
Talk
x-2>0 x+4>0 x>2 yy
log3! {x-2}>log9! {x+4} log3! {x-2}>2! log3! {x+4}
3! 2 log3! {x-2}>log3! {x+4}

/ log3! {x-2}@>log3! {x+4}
loga x
loga x=t 3! 0<3!<1 {x-2}@<x+4 x@-5x<0
t x{x-5}<0 / 0<x<5 yy
x 2<x<5
x>0 x$>0 x>0 yy
{log2 x}@-log2 x$+3>0 {log2 x}@-4 log2 x+3>0
log2 x=t t@-4t+3>0 {t-1}{t-3}>0
/ t<1 t>3
t=log2 x log2 x<1 log2 x>3
log2 x<log2 2 log2 x>log2 8
2 2>1 x<2 x>8 yy
x 0<x<2 x>8
09
log x+log {7-x}<log {5x-8} log5 {x-2}+log25 4>2
{log3! x}@-log3! x-6>0 log2 4x\log2 16x<3
09 1 log3 {log2 x}<0
75
10
1000
xlog x<
x@
Talk
log x x>0 yy`
1000 1000
xlog x< log xlog x<log
loga x x@ x@
a log x\log x<log 1000-log x@
0<a<1
/ {log x}@+2 log x-3<0
log x=t t@+2t-3<0, {t+3}{t-1}<0

/ -3<t<1
t=log x -3<log x<1

log 10_#<log x<log 10
1
/ log <log x<log 10
1000
1
10 10>1 <x<10 yy`
1000
x 1
<x<10
1000
10 xlog2 x<16x#
10 1 2log x\xlog 2-2#{2log x+xlog 2}+2<0
2
log3!{4x+8}>-2
10 -
xlog x>9x#
3!
76
11
x@-2x log2 a+2-log2 a=0 a
Talk
a>0 yy
D
!
D
! D>0
D>0 ={log2 a}@-{2-log2 a}>0
4
`@
`#
>0
log2 a=t t@+t-2>0 {t+2}{t-1}>0
>0
/ t<-2 t>1
! D>0
`@
t=log2 a log2 a<-2 log2 a>1
`#
<0
1
>0 / log2 a<log2 4 log2 a>log2 2
2 2>1 1
a< a>2
4
@
` <0
>0 2 log2 a>0 / log2 a>log2 1
2 2>1 a>1
# >0 2-log2 a>0, log2 a<2 / log2 a<log2 4
2 2>1 a<4
! @ # a
2<a<4 yy
a
2<a<4
11 x@-2x log3 a+log3 a+2=0 a
11 1 x {log3 x}@+2 log3 3x-log9 k>0 k
77
12
P{W/m@} D{dB}
P
D=10 log P0
P0
50 dB 10_& W/m@
120 dB 150 dB
50 dB 10_&
50=10 log P0
10_& W/m@ 5=log 10_&-log P0
log P0=-12
/ P0=10_!@
x
120 dB 150 dB 120<10 log <150
10_!@
x W/m@ 12<log x-log 10_!@<15
0<log x<3
log 1<log x<log 1000
10 10>1 1<x<1000
120 dB 150 dB
1 W/ m@ 1000 W/ m@
12 1 M0 mL t
M mL
M0
t=6 log2
M
a mL 6 16 mL
a mL
12 2 M E
log E=11.8+1.5M
4.3 3.1
101.2=16
78
1 27x@+1-9x+4=0
2 9X-10\3X+9=0
3
2X"!-2_X=1
- k
8X_!={2j2 }K
4 {x@}X=xX\x^ x>0
2 4 6 8 10
5 x 4X-a\2X+a@-3a=0 0 2 a
1 2 3 4 5
79
6 1 x@+2x+5
[ ]
9
1 x@+2x-5
<[ ]
81
x
7 y=4X y=2X x=k

A B C{0, 1} D{k, 0} ACB
COD 2 k
O
8 log3{2x-1}=log9{x@+5}
9
log3 x+log2 y=6
- x=a y=b a+b alog3! {2x-1} x
13 logx-2{2x@-11x+14}>2
14 3log x\xlog 3-2{3log x+xlog 3}+3<0 a<x<b a+b
4 10 11 110 1010
15 x@-2{1+log3 a}x+4{1+log3 a}=0 a
81
1 2{4X+4_X}-3{2X+2_X}-1=0
2 50
1
n
100
200<n<250 250<n<300 300<n<350
350<n<400 400<n<450
3 |log2 a-log2 10|+log2 b<1 a, b {a, b}
4 82 % 82 %
10 % 82 %
log 8.2=0.9138
82
1
01
02
03
01
1
OX OP CXOP
CXOP OP OX
O OP
OX OP
OP O
+
+ -
OP OX a!
CXOP
360!\n+a!` n
a! 0!<a!<360!
OP
O x
OP 1 2 3 4
OP 1 2
3 4
OP 0! 90! 180! 270! 360!
360!\0+30!=30! 360!\1+30!=390! 360!\{-1}+30!=-330!
360!\n+30! n
84
h h
n
h 1 SG 360!\n+0!<h<360!\n+90!
h 2 SG 360!\n+90!<h<360!\n+180!
h 3 SG 360!\n+180!<h<360!\n+270!
h 4 SG 360!\n+270!<h<360!\n+360!
a b a b
n
x y y=x
a, b
a-b a-b a+b a+b a+b

=360!\n =360!\n+180! =360!\n =360!\n+180! =360!\n+90!
1.
-390! -30! 330!
690! 930!
2.
430! 760!
-200! -570!
3.
-240! 570!
1380! -1000!
85
01
h
h 1
3
h 1 h 360!\n+0!<h<360!\n+90! n
h
/ 120!\n< <120!\n+30! yy
3
360!=120!\3 n ! n=3k
n=3k n=3k+1 n=3k+2 k h

360!\k< <360!\k+30!
3
h
h
3 SG 1
@ n=3k+1
3
h
360!\k+120!< <360!\k+150!
3
h
SG 2
# n=3k+2
3
h
360!\k+240!< <360!\k+270!
3
h
SG 3
3
! @ #
h
3 1 2 3
01
h
h 3
2
01 1 3h 4 h
86
02
0!<h<90! h, 7h h
h 7h
h 7h 7h-h=360!\n n
6h=360!\n
/ h=60!\n yy
0!<h<90! 0!<60!\n<90!
3
/ 0<n< 2
n n=1 yy
h h=60!
02 1 0!<h<180! h 5h
h
02 2 90!<h<180! h 11h x h
02 3 h 1 h 8h y h
87
01
2
360
1 ! 1
r r
1 1
1 ' 1
60 60 a!
1 "
180!
r`:`2pr=a!`:`360! / a!=
p
a! r
180!
1 {radian}
p
180! p
1 = p =180! 1!=
p 180
57!17'45"
r h
l S
l=rh S=2!r@h=2!rl
p
SG \
180
SG \ 180!
p
0! 30! 45! 60! 90! 180! 270! 360!
0 6" 4" 3" 2" p 2#p 2p
r h l S
l`:`2pr=h`:`2p / l=rh
S`:`pr@=h`:`2p / S=2!r@h yy
l=rh S=2!r@h=2!r\rh=2!rl
88
03
7 11 9 11
315!= p -690!=- p p=162! p=160!
4 3 10 12
p p 7
1!= 315!=315\1!=315\ = p
180 180 4
p 23
-690!=-690\1!=-690\ =- p
180 6
9 9 9
1
180!
= p p= p\1= p\ 180! =162!
10 10 10 p
11 11 11 180!
p= p\1= p\ =165!
12 12 12 p
03
3 5 7
-135!=- p 150!= p - p=-210!
4 6 6
5 3
p=330! p=270!
3 2
03 1
50! 770! -310!
5 41
p - p
18 18
03 2 4 n
7
-60! 1000! p 2p
3
15 p
2np+ p 2np- -4230! -1
4 3
89
04
3 cm 2p cm h S cm@
h+S
r cm
r=3 l=2p
l cm
h l=rh 2p=3h / h=3@p
S cm@ S=2!rl=2!\3\2p=3p
2 11
h+S= p+3p= p
3 3
04 6 cm 24p cm@
04 1 3
04 2 12
r
a S
r, a
SG S=2!r{a-2r}
90
01
3
O x
h O
sin A=bA r P{x, y}
y x y
cos A=bC {x=0}
r r x
tan A=cA
r h
y x y
h 2! h 2! h 2! {x=0}
r r x
h
y x y
sin h= cos h= tan h= {x=0}
r r x
OP3=13@+{-4}@3=5
O P{3, -4} OP
h
y 4 x 3 y 4
sin h= =- cos h= = tan h= =-
r 5 r 5 x 3
{sin h}@=sin@ h,
{cos h}@=cos@ h,
{tan h}@=tan@ h
sin h
tan h= sin@ h+cos@ h=1
cos h
91
h OP P {x, y}
OPZ=r {r>0} h
x y
1 2 3 4
{x>0 y>0} {x<0 y>0} {x<0 y<0} {x>0 y<0}
y
sin h= + + - -
r
x
cos h= + - - +
r
y
tan h= + - + -
x
sin h tan h cos h
h O P{x, y}
1
y x
sin h= =y cos h= =x
1 1
y sin h
tan h= {x=0} tan h=
x cos h
P{x, y} O x@+y@=1
x@+y@=cos@ h+sin@ h=1 / sin@ h+cos@ h=1
1. O P{-5, 12} OP h
sin h cos h tan h
2. h sin h cos h tan h
5 17
240! 400! p - p
6 4
3. h
sin h>0 tan h<0 cos h<0 tan h>0
92
05
h=6&p sin h, cos h, tan h
Talk
7 p 1
p
p j3
PHZ=OPZ sin 6 =
6 2
6"=30! 4"=45! 3"=60!
P P OHZ=OPZ cos 6 =
2
x H
sPOH
p p p
h
j2 j3
6 4 3 p
OP3=1 CPOH=
1 6
sin h
j3 j2
2 2 2
j3
cos h 1
j3
j3
2 2 2 1
P [- - ]
j3 j3
tan h 1 2 2
3
1
sin h cos h tan h sin h=- cos h=- tan h=
2 2 3
05 h sin h cos h tan h

2 7
p p
3 4
05 1 h=-4#p sin h-cos h+tan h
05 2 O P{-8, 15} OP h
17 sin h+16 tan h
17 cos h+3
93
06
sin h cos h>0 sin h tan h<0 h
! sin h cos h>0 sin h>0 cos h>0 sin h<0 cos h<0
sin h>0 cos h>0 h 1
sin h<0 cos h<0 h 3
@ sin h tan h<0 sin h>0 tan h<0 sin h<0 tan h>0
sin h>0 tan h<0 h 2
sin h<0 tan h>0 h 3
! @ h 3
06 cos h sin h<0 cos h tan h>0 h
06 1 jsin hl jtan hl=-jsin h tan hl h

sin h tan h=0
06 2 h 3 |sin h|-1{sin h-tan h}@3
94
07
sin h cos h sin h cos h

{sin h+cos h}@+{sin h-cos h}@ +
1+sin h 1-sin h
Talk
{sin h+cos h}@+{sin h-cos h}@

=sin@ h+2 sin h cos h+cos@ h+sin@ h-2 sin h cos h+cos@ h
=2{sin@ h+cos@ h}
sin@ h+cos@ h=1 =2
sin h cos h sin h cos h
+
1+sin h 1-sin h
sin h cos h{1-sin h}+sin h cos h{1+sin h}
=
{1+sin h}{1-sin h}
2 sin h cos h
=
1-sin@ h
sin@ h+cos@ h=1 2 sin h cos h 2 sin h

= =
cos@ h cos h
sin h
tan h= =2 tan h
cos h
07
cos h
{1+tan@ h}{1-sin@ h} -tan h
1-sin h
07 1 cos@ h{1+tan h}@+cos@ h{1-tan h}@
07 2
sin$ h-cos$ h=1-2\ tan@ h-sin@ h=tan@ h\
sin@ h sin@ h sin@ h cos@ h cos@ h sin@ h

cos@ h cos@ h cos@ h tan@ h
95
08
1-sin h 1
h 2 = tan h+cos h
1+sin h 2
1-sin h 1 2{1-sin h}=1+sin h 2-2 sin h=1+sin h

=
1+sin h 2
1
/ sin h= yy
3
sin@ h+cos@ h=1 1 8

cos@ h=1-sin@ h=1- =
9 9
2j2
/ cos h=-
3
2j2
h 2 cos h<0 cos h=- yy
3
sin h j2
tan h= tan h=-
cos h 4
j2 2j2 11j2
tan h+cos h tan h+cos h=- +[- ]=-
4 3 12
08
1-cos h 1
h 4 = 15 sin h+8 tan h
1+cos h 9
08 1 p
2
<h<p
sin h
1+cos h
+
1+cos h
sin h
=5 cos h
08 2 cos h+cos@ h=1 sin@ h+sin^ h+sin* h
96
09
3 1
p<h<2p sin h+cos h=
2 2
sin h cos h sin h-cos h
1 1
sin h+cos h= sin@ h+2 sin h cos h+cos@ h=
2 4
1 3
sin@ h+cos@ h=1 1+2 sin h cos h= 2 sin h cos h=-
4 4
3
/ sin h cos h=-
8
{sin h-cos h}@
3
=sin@ h-2 sin h cos h+cos@ h {sin h-cos h}@=1-2\[- ]
8
=1-2 sin h cos h 7
= yy
4
3
p<h<2p
2 sin h-cos h<0
sin h<0 cos h>0
sin h-cos h j7
sin h-cos h=-
2
09
p 1
0<h< sin h-cos h=
2 3
sin h cos h sin h+cos h
09 1 3
p<h< p
2
sin h cos h=
1
4
tan@ h-
1
tan@ h
sin h<cos h
09 2 3x@-2x+k=0 sin h cos h k sin# h+cos# h
97
1
13 11 21
-1970! 3450! - p p p
5 3 4
2
h
h 3
3
1 2 3
1 3 2 3
3
p
0<h< h 5h y=x h
2
p p 7
0 p p
6 2 12
4 20
5 O P{-4, -3} OP x
a P y=x
Q OQ x b
sin a+cos b
98
6
1tan@ h3+1cos@ h3+|sin h|-1{tan h+cos h}@3
cos h tan h>0 cos h+tan h<0 h
sin h -sin h sin h-2 cos h

sin h+2 tan h sin h-2 cos h-2 tan h
7
sin# h
=tan h cos@ h-sin@ h=sin@ h tan@ h
cos h-cos# h
tan h 1 1 cos@ h-sin@ h tan h-1
+ = + =0
cos h cos@ h 1-sin h 1+2 sin h cos h tan h+1
8 p 1+sin h
<h<p =2+j3 tan h
2 1-sin h
j2 j3 j6
-j3 -j2 - - -
2 3 6
9
1
h 3 tan h+ =2 sin h+cos h
tan h
99
1
1 5 1 5 6 1 5 20
60 70
1 1
11 11
2 12 6
3 1 h OAB
A OB C B OB
OA D 3 OC3=AC3\BD3
p
cos h [ 0<h< ]
2
4 2x@+x+p=0 sin h cos h tan h

1
tan h
x@
-4p p
100
02
1
y=f{x} x
f {x+p}=f {x}
0 p y=f{x} p
y=sin x y=cos x
9y|-1<y<10
y=sin x
y=cos x y
2p
y=cos x y=sin x
p
x -
2
y=tan x
p
x=np+ n
2
p
x=np+ n
2
2p
y=a sin {bx+c}+d 9 y|-|a|+d<y<|a|+d0 |a|+d -|a|+d
|b|
2p
y=a cos {bx+c}+d 9 y|-|a|+d<y<|a|+d0 |a|+d -|a|+d
|b|
p
y=a tan {bx+c}+d
|b|
y=a sin{bx+c}+d a, b, c, d
x
y= a sin{ b x+ c }+ d y
101
y=sin x y=cos x
h P{x, y}
y x
sin h= =y cos h= =x
1 1
sin h P y cos h P x
h sin h y=sin h
h cos h y=cos h
p
y=cos h y=sin h h -
2
x y=sin h y=cos h h x
y=sin x y=cos x
y=tan x
p
h h=np+ n h
2
P{x, y} {1, 0}
OP T{1, t}
y t
tan h= = =t {x=0}
x 1
tan h T y
p
h=np+ n h OP y P x
2
0 tan h
h tan h y=tan h
y=tan h y=tan x
102
y=sin x
y=a sin x y=sin bx y=a sin bx
9y|-|a|<y<|a|0 9y|-1<y<10 9y|-|a|<y<|a|0
2p 2p
2p |b| |b|
x y=sinx y y=sinx x y=sinx x

|a| 1 1
|b| |b| y |a|
y=a sin{bx+c} y=a sin bx+d y=a sin{bx+c}+d
9y|-|a|<y<|a|0 9y|-|a|+d<y<|a|+d0 9y|-|a|+d<y<|a|+d0
2p 2p 2p
|b| |b| |b|
x y=a sin{bx+c} y=a sin bx y y=a sin{bx+c}+d
d
=a sin b[x+bC] =a sin b[x+bC]+d
y y=a sin bx y=a sin bx
x -bC x -bC y
d
y=cos x y=tan x
1.
y=2 sin x y=cos 2x
2.
x
y=3 tan x y=tan
2
103
01
x p
y=sin{2x-p} y=2 cos x-1 y=tan[ - ]+1
2 2
y=sin{2x-p}=sin2[x-2"]
y=sin x x 2!
x 2"
y=sin{2x-p} 2p
1 -1 =p
2
y=2 cos x-1 y=cosx

y 2 y
-1
y=2 cos x-1

1 -3 2p
y=tan[2X-2"]+1=tan2!{x-p}+1
y=tan x x
2 x p y
y=tan[2X-2"]+1
2p
01
p p
y=2 sin 3x+1 y=2 cos[x- ]-1 y=tan[x- ]
3 2
104
02
y=a sin{bx-c}
a, b, c a+b+c
a>0, b>0, 0<c0
2p
2p b>0 =2p / b=1
b
y=sin{x-c}
{0, 0} 0=sin{0-c} / sin{-c}=0
0<c0 b>0 -2"<c<0]
02 1 f{x}=a tan bx
p
6
f[
p
24
]=7 a b a+b
b>0
02 2 f{x}=a sin pX+b 5 4p f [-3"]=2& a b p
a-b+p a>0 p<0
105
y=|sin x| y=|cos x| y=|tan x|
SG y=sin x y=cos x y=tan x y>0 y<0 x
y=sin|x| y=cos|x| y=tan|x|

SG y=sin x y=cos x y=tan x x>0 x<0 x>0 y
y=|sin x| y=|cos x| y=|tan x|
9y|0<y<10 9y|0<y<10 9y|y>00

p p p
y y y
y=sin|x| y=cos|x| y=tan|x|
9y|-1<y<10 9y|-1<y<10
2p
y y y
y=|cos 2x| y=cos 2x y>0

y<0 x
1 0
y=2 sin|x| y=2 sin x x>0

x<0 x>0 y
2 -2
106
02
2
2np+x n
sin{2np+x}=sin x cos{2np+x}=cos x tan{2np+x}=tan x
-x
sin{-x}=-sin x cos{-x}=cos x tan{-x}=-tan x
p-x
sin{p+x}=-sin x cos{p+x}=-cos x tan{p+x}=tan x
sin{p-x}=sin x cos{p-x}=-cos x tan{p-x}=-tan x
2"-x
p p p 1
sin[ 2 +x]=cos x cos[ 2 +x]=-sin x tan[ 2 +x]=-
tan x
p p p 1
sin[ 2 -x]=cos x cos[ 2 -x]=sin x tan[ 2 -x]=
tan x
h
p
90!\n-a! \n-h n
2
n SG sin 2! sin cos 2! cos tan 2! tan
SG sin 2! cos cos 2! sin tan 2!

1
n
tan
p
a! h 90!\n-a! \n-h
2
sin[2#p+h] SG sin[2#p+h]=sin[2"\3+h]
3 sin 2! cos
2#p+h 4 sin -
/ sin[2#p+h]=-cos h
h sin h cos h tan h 0! 90!

0! 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000
1! 0.0175 0.9998 0.0175
2! 0.0349 0.9994 0.0349 p. 214
sin 400!=sin {360!+40!}=sin 40!=0.6428
40! 0.6428 0.7660 0.8391
cos 178!=cos {180!-2!}=-cos 2!=-0.9994
107
2np+x n
y=sin x y=cos x 2p y=tan x p
y=sin x=sin {x+2p}=sin {x+4p}=y
y=cos x=cos {x+2p}=cos {x+4p}=y
y=tan x=tan {x+p}=tan {x+2p}=y
/ sin {2np+x}=sin x cos {2np+x}=cos x tan {2np+x}=tan x
y=f{x} -x
y=sin x y=tan x
f{-x}=-f{x}
y
sin{-x}=-sin x tan{-x}=-tan x
y=cos x y
f{-x}=f{x} cos{-x}=cos x
p-x
y=sin x x -p
y=-sin x
sin{p+x}=-sin x yy
y=cos x x -p
y=-cos x
cos{p+x}=-cos x yy
y=tan x p
tan{p+x}=tan x yy
x -x
sin{p-x}=-sin{-x}=sin x cos{p-x}=-cos{-x}=-cos x
tan{p-x}=tan{-x}=-tan x
p
-x
2
p
y=sin x x -
2
y=cos x
p
sin[ +x]=cos x yy
2
p
y=cos x x -
2
y=-sin x
p
cos[ +x]=-sin x yy
2
p
sin[ 2 +x]
p cos x 1
tan[ +x]= = =- yy
2 p -sin x tan x
cos[ 2 +x]
x -x
p p
sin[ -x]=cos{-x}=cos x cos[ -x]=-sin{-x}=sin x
2 2
p 1 1
tan[ -x]=- =
2 tan {-x} tan x
108
03
2 5 17
sin 3 p tan p+cos p
4 6
Talk
2 2 p
sin p sin p=sin[p- ]
p j3
3 3 3
2np-
p-
sin{p-x}=sin x =sin =
2"- 3 2
5 5 p
tan p tan p=tan[p+ ]
4 4 4
p
tan{p+x}=tan x =tan =1
4
17 17 5
cos p cos p=cos[2p+ p]
6 6 6
5 p
cos{2p+x}=cos x =cos p=cos[p- ]
j3
6 6
p
cos{p-x}=-cos x =-cos =-
6 2
p tan p+cos p= j3 \1+[- j3 ]=0

2 5 17
sin
3 4 6 2 2
03
29 20 11
sin p+cos [- p]+tan p
6 3 3
sin{-750!}+cos 1395!+cos 240!-tan 495!
03 1
tan{270!-h} cos{180!-h}+cos{-h} tan{90!-h}
cos{p+h} sin{p+h} tan@{p-h}

+
sin [2#p+h] cos@{p-h} cos [2#p+h]
03 2 CB=90! ABC ABZ=4

BCZ=3 ACZ=5 CA=a CC=b sin{2a+3b}
2"
109
04
cos@ 0!+cos@ 1!+cos@ 2!+y+cos@ 89!+cos@ 90!
cos {90!-x}=sin x cos 90!=cos {90!-0!}=sin 0!

cos 90! cos 89! cos 88! y cos 46! cos 89!=cos {90!-1!}=sin 1!
cos 88!=cos {90!-2!}=sin 2!
cos 46!=cos {90!-44!}=sin 44!

cos@ 0!+cos@ 1!+cos@ 2!+y+cos@ 89!+cos@ 90!
=cos@ 0!+cos@ 1!+cos@ 2!+y+sin@ 1!+sin@ 0!
={sin@ 0!+cos@ 0!}+{sin@ 1!+cos@ 1!}
=1+1+y+1+[ j2 ]@=1\45+ =
+y+{sin@ 44!+cos@ 44!}+cos@ 45!
1 91
sin@ x+cos@ x=1 2 2 2
45
04
sin@ 1!+sin@ 3!+sin@ 5!+y+sin@ 87!+sin@ 89!
tan 1!\tan 2!\tan 3!\y\tan 88!\tan 89!
04 1 [1-
1
sin 40!
][1+
1
cos 50!
][1-
1
cos 40!
][1+
1
sin 50!
]
04 2 ABC A, B, C
A+B-C 5 3
2 cos =cos A sin [ p-A]+sin A cos [ p+A]
2 2 2
p sin C
sin@ A+cos@ A=1
110
05
1 sin x+1
y=2|sin x- |+1 y=
2 sin x+2
Talk
1
sin x=t y=2|t- |+1 yy
2
t -1<sin x<1
t
t SG -1<t<1
t t=-1 4
y 1
t= 1
2
t+1 {t+2}-1 1
sin x=t y= = =- +1 yy
t+2 t+2 t+2
t -1<sin x<1
SG -1<t<1
t=1 3@
y t=-1 0
3 1 1 1 3
-1<sin x<1 - <sin x- < 0<|sin x- |<
2 2 2 2 2
1 1
0<2|sin x- |<3 / 1<2|sin x- |+1<4
2 2
4 1
sin x+1 1
y= =- +1
sin x+2 sin x+2
1 1
-1<sin x<1 1<sin x+2<3 < <1
3 sin x+2
1 1 1 2
-1<- <- / 0<- +1<
sin x+2 3 sin x+2 3
3@ 0
05
2 cos x
y=4|cos 2x-1|-2 y=
cos x+2
111
06
y=cos@ x+2 sin x+4
Talk
sin@ x+cos@ x=1 y=cos@ x+2 sin x+4

={1-sin@ x}+2 sin x+4
=-sin@ x+2 sin x+5
sin x=t y=-t@+2t+5
=-{t-1}@+6 yy
t -1<sin x<1
SG -1<t<1
t=1 6
y t=-1 2
06 y=2 sin@ x-4 cos x+1
06 1 y=a cos@ x+2asinx+b 7 -1 a b a+b

a<0
06 2 y=sin@[x+2"]-2 cos@ x+cos{x+p}-1 M m
M+m [ 0<x<2"]
112
02
3
SG
1
sin x- =0 tan x=1
j3
2
SG
1
sin x- >0 cos x<
2 2
f{x}=g{x} sin x=k cos x=k tan x=k
y=f{x}, y=g{x}
y=sin x y=cos x y=tan x y=k
x x
! sin x>k
x
cos x>k tan x>k
SG y=sin x y=cos x y=tan x y=k
@ sin x<k
x
cos x<k tan x<k
SG y=sin x y=cos x y=tan x y=k
x
sin x-2!=0 {0<x<2p}
0<x<2p y=sin x
y=2!
A B x
x=6" x=p-6"=6%p
sin x-2!>0 {0<x<2p}
sin x-2!>0 sin x>2! y=sin x
y=2! x
6"<x<6%p
113
sin x=k
1 y=k
P Q
OP OQ
a b
cos x=k 1 2 3
2 x=k
P Q OP OQ a b
tan x=k
3 {1, k} P Q OP
OQ a b
1. cos x=-
1
2
0<x<2p
0<x<2p y=cos x
1
y=-
2
A B x
x= x=
j3
2. tan x<
3
0<x<2p
j3
0<x<2p y=tan x y=
3
j3
A B x
y=tan x y=
3
x
114
07
p j2
0<x<p cos[3x+ ]=
2 2
cos [3x+2"]= j2 3x+2"=t cos t= j2 yy

2 2
0<x<p t 0<3x<3p 2"<3x+2"<2&p / 2"<t<2&p
2"<t<2&p
y= j2
y=cost
cos 4"= j2
t
t=2p-4"=4&p t=2p+4"=4(p
2
t=3x+2" 3x+2"=4&p 3x+2"=4(p
5 7
/ x= p x= p
12 12
07 0<x<2p
cos 2X=-2! j3 tan[x-6"]=3
07 1 0<x<p 2 sin[2x-2"]=1
07 2 -p<x<p cos 3X=-j3 sin 3X
sin x
tan x=
cos x
115
08
0<x<2p 2 sin@ x-5 cos x+1=0
Talk
2 sin@ x-5 cos x+1=0 2{1-cos@ x}-5 cos x+1=0

sin@ x+cos@ x=1 2 cos@ x+5 cos x-3=0
{cos x+3}{2 cos x-1}=0
/ cos x=-3 cos x=2!
0<x<2p -1<cosx<1 cos x=2! yy
0<x<2p y=cos x
1
y=
2
x x=3" x=2p-3"
/ x=3" x=3%p
08 0<x<2p 2 cos@ x+sin x-1=0
08 1 j3 sin xl=j2 cos x x tan x [ 0<x<2"]
08 2 0<x j3
p
0<x j3 x-3"=t sin t> j3 yy

2 2
0<x<p t -3"<x-3"<3@p / -3"<t<3@p
p 2
- <t< p y=sin t
y= j3
3 3
t t=3" t=p-3"=3@p
y= j3
y=sint
2
t 3"<t<3@p
t=x-3" 3"<x-3"<3@p
/ 3@p<x0
Talk
2 cos@ x+sin x-2>0 2{1-sin@ x}+sin x-2>0
sin@ x+cos@ x=1 2 sin@ x-sin x<0 sin x{2 sin x-1}<0
/ 0<sin x<2! yy
0<x<2p y=sin x
1
y=0 y=
2
x x=0 x=6" x=p-6"=6%p x=p
y=sinx
6%p<x1-cos x
10 1 0<xj39tan{p-x}-10
10 2 0<x<2p 2 cos@ [x-3"]-cos[x+6"]-1>0 a<x0 h
0<h<2p
Talk
ax@+bx+c>0 x D
=cos@ h+3 cos h<0
! a>0
x@-2x cos h-3 cos h=0 4
@ ax@+bx+c=0
D<0 cos h{cos h+3}<0
D<0 cos h+3>0 cos h<0 yy

0<h<2p y=cos h
y=0
h h=2" h=2#p
y=cos h
2"<h<2#p
y=0 h
11 x 3x@-2j2x cos h+sin h>0 h

0<h<2p
11 1 x@+2x+j2 cos h=0 h a<h 0<h<2p
11 2 y=x y=x@-2x cos h+1 h

0<h<2p
119
1 f{x}=sin x g{x}=cos x y
y=f{ f{x}} y=f{g{x}} y=g{ f{x}} y=g{g{x}}
2 f x f {x+2}=f{x}
p 3 p
f{x}=sin [ x-3]+1 f{x}=cos [px+ ]+1 f{x}=2 sin [2px- ]
2 2 2
3
f{x}=2 cos {4px+1} f{x}=4 tan [8px+ p]+2
2
3 f{x}=sin px
f{a}=f{b}=f{c}=3@ f{a+b+c}
4 f{x}=2 tan{3x-p}+1
p
f{p}=3
3 -1
y=tan x x 3 y 2 x y
y=2 tan 3x x 3" y 1
120
5 y=a sin {bx-c} a b c
9abc
p a>0 b>0 0<c0
-2 -1 0 1 2
9
p p
0<x< y=3 sin@ [x+ ]-4 cos@ x+6 sin {x+p}+5 M m
2 2
M-m
2 3 4 5 6
121
10 0<x<2p sin{p cos x}=1
11 |2 cos x|<1 0<x<2p
3"<x<3%p 6"<x<6&p
11
6"<x<3@p 6&p<x<3%p 6"<x<6%p 6&p<x0 h

0<h<2p
13 2x@+3x sin h-2 cos@ h+1=0 1 h

0<h<2p
122
1 sin 1 sin 2 sin 3
2 2m A
A 5m A
x
A ym x y
y=a sin{bx+c}+d
10 a b c d a+b+c+d
a>0 b>0 0<ca tan@ x a
123
03
1
6
ABC CA CB CC A B C
BC CA AB a b c
A B C a b c
6
ABC R ABC
a b c
= = =2R
sin A sin B sin C
a b c
sin A= sin B= sin C=
2R 2R 2R
a=2R sin A b=2R sin B c=2R sin C
a : b : c=sin A : sin B : sin C
ABC O R CA
! A<90!
B A' A=A' CBCA'=90!
90!
a
sin A=sin A'=
@ A=90!
2R
sin A=sin 90!=1 2R=a

a
sin A=
2R
# A>90!
180!
B A' A=180!-A'
CBCA'=90!
a
sin A=sin {180!-A'}=sin A'=
2R
! @ #
a a
CA sin A= =2R
2R sin A
b c
=2R =2R
sin B sin C
124
01
ABC
b=3 A=45! C=75! a R
b=2 c=j6 B=45! A C
Talk
A+B+C=180! B=180!-{45!+75!}=60!
SG
a b a 3
= =
sin A sin B sin 45! sin 60!
j3
a sin 60!=3 sin 45!
a 3j2
a= / a=j6
2 2
=2R SG
b 3
R =2R
2R sin 60!=3 j3R=3 / R=j3

sin B sin 60!
j6
SG
b c 2
= =
sin B sin C sin 45! sin C
j2 1 j3
2 sin C=j6 sin 45!
sin C
/ sin C=j6\ \ =
2 2 2
0!<C<180! C=60! C=120!

! C=60!
@ C=120!
A+B+C=180! A=180!-{45!+60!}=75!
A A=180!-{45!+120!}=15!
A C A=75! C=60! A=15! C=120!
01 ABC
a=3j3 B=45! C=105! b R
a=j3 b=1 A=120! B C
01 1 AB3=BC3=8 B=90! ABC

D BC ADC
R
125
02
ABC
sin A : sin B : sin C=3 : 5 : 7 {b+c} : {c+a} : {a+b}
a sin A=b sin B ABC
sin A : sin B : sin C=3 : 5 : 7

a : b : c=sin A : sin B : sin C a : b : c=3 : 5 : 7
a=3k b=5k c=7k {k>0} b+c=12k c+a=10k a+b=8k

/ {b+c} : {c+a} : {a+b}=12k : 10k : 8k
sABC
=6 : 5 : 4
Talk R a b
sin A= sin B= yy
2R 2R
a sin A=b sin B a b

a\ =b\
2R 2R
a@=b@ / a=b {? a>0 b>0}
ABC a=b
02 ABC
sin A : sin B : sin C=2 : 4 : 5 ab : bc : ca
sin@ A=sin@ B+sin@ C ABC
02 1 ABC A : B : C=1 : 1 : 4 c@
ab
02 2 ABC {a-c} sin B=a sin A-c sin C ABC
126
03
100 m
B C A
70!, 80! A, C m
sin 70!=0.94, sin 80!=0.98
sABC A+B+C=180! A=180!-{70!+80!}=30!
A, C b 100 b
=
sin 30! sin 70!
b b sin 30!=100 sin 70!
1
b\ =100\0.94
2
/ b=188
A, C 188 m
03 1
A B C A B
7m CACB=150!
03 2 100 m
A B C
14! 43! m
1.6 m sin 14!=0.24 sin 29!=0.48 sin 43!=0.68
127
03
2
ABC
a@=b@+c@-2bc cos A
b@=c@+a@-2ca cos B
c@=a@+b@-2ab cos C
b@+c@-a@
cos A=
2bc
c@+a@-b@
cos B=
2ca
a@+b@-c@
cos C=
2ab
ABC A BC H CC
! C<90!
BH3=BC3-CH3=a-b cos C AH3=b sin C
c@=BH3 @+AH3 @
={a-b cos C}@+{b sin C}@
=a@-2ab cos C+b@ cos@ C+b@ sin@ C
@ C=90!
=a@+b@-2ab cos C
cos C=cos 90!=0

c@=a@+b@=a@+b@-2ab cos C
# C>90!
BH3=BC3+CH3=a+b cos{180!-C}=a-b cos C
AH3=b sin{180!-C}=b sin C
c@=BH3 @+AH3 @
={a-b cos C}@+{b sin C}@
=a@-2ab cos C+b@ cos@ C+b@ sin@ C
! @ #
=a@+b@-2ab cos C
CC c@=a@+b@-2ab cos C
b@=c@+a@-2ca cos B a@=b@+c@-2bc cos A
128
04
ABC
a=2 b=1+j3 C=60! c

b=j2 c=j5 C=45! sin A
Talk
c@=a@+b@-2ab cos C
SG c@=2@+{1+j3}@
c -2\2\{1+j3}\cos 60!
=4+4+2j3-{2+2j3}
=6
/ c=j6 {? c>0}
a j5
= yy
sin A sin 45!
a c@=a@+b@-2ab cos C
SG {j5}@=a@+{j2}@
-2\j2\a\cos 45!
5=a@+2-2a
a@-2a-3=0 {a+1}{a-3}=0
/ a=3 {? a>0}
j5
j5 sin A=3 sin 45!
3
a=3 =
/ sin A=3\ j2 \ =
sin A sin 45!
j5
1 3j10k
2 10
04 ABC
a=j2 b=1+j3 C=45! c
a=2 b=2j3 B=60! C
04 1
AB3=j3 AC3=j6 AD3=j2 B=45!
ABC BC D
CD
129
05
ABC a=j2, b=2, c=j3-1 A, B, C
c@+a@-b@
cos B=
2ca
B {j3-1}@+{j2}@-2@
=
j2
2\{j3-1}\j2
=-
2
0!<B<180!
j2
B=135!
2
A =
sin A sin 135!
2 sin A=j2 sin 135!
1
/ sin A=
2
0!<A<180! A=30! A=150!
A=150!
A=30!
A+B>180!
C C=180!-{30!+135!}=15!
05 ABC a=2j2 b=2j3 c=j2+j6 A B C
05 1 ABC a : b : c=2 : 3 : 4 cos C
05 2 ABC
sin A sin B sin C
7
=
5
=
3
130
06
ABC sin A=2 cos B sin C ABC
sABC
Talk
R
a c c@+a@-b@
sin A= sin C= cos B=
2R 2R 2ca
sin A cos B sin C
a c@+a@-b@ c
sin A=2 cos B sin C =2\ \
2R 2ca 2R
a@=c@+a@-b@
b@=c@ / b=c {? b>0 c>0}
ABC b=c
06 ABC a cos B-b cos A=c ABC
06 1 ABC tan A cos C=sin C ABC
06 2 ABC tan A : tan B=a@ : b@ ABC
131
07
A, B, C A
B, C B, C
AB3=70 m, AC3=80 m, CBAC=60!
B C
sABC BC3 @=70@+80@-2\70\80\cos 60!

B C =4900+6400-5600=5700
/ BC3=10j57k {m} {? BC3>0}
sABC
10j57k
=2R
R sin 60!
/ R=10j19k {m}
l l=2p\10j19k=20j19kp {m}
07 A B
C A B
A B AC3=120 m
BC3=100 m CACB=120! A B
07 1 A B C D
B C D AB3 =6j7 km BC3=6 km
CD3=8 km AC3=12 km A D
132
03
3
ABC S
1 1 1
S= bc sin A= ac sin B= ab sin C
2 2 2
a b h
S
S=ab sin h
a b h
S
1
S= ab sin h
2
ABC A BC H AH3=h
! B<90! @ B=90! # B>90!

CB
h=c sin B h=c=c sin B h=c sin{180!-B}
! @ #
=c sin B
CB h=c sin B
1 1
ABC S S= ah= ac sin B
2 2
1 1
S= ab sin C= bc sin A
2 2
1. ABC
133
08
a=15, B=37!, C=79! ABC
sin 37!=0.60, sin 64!=0.90, sin 79!=0.98
sABC A+B+C=180! A=180!-{37!+79!}=64!

15 b
=
sin 64! sin 37!
b sin 64!=15 sin 37!
15\0.6
/ b= =10
0.9
sABC
1
S S= \15\10\sin 79!
2
1 =73.5
S= ab sin C
2
08 b=24 A=43! C=30! ABC

sin 43!=0.68 sin 73!=0.96
08 1 b=4 c=6 A=120! ABC

CA BC D AD
08 2 ABC b=8 c=4 A=60!
S=sIAB+sIBC+sICA
=2!{a+b+c}r
134
09
a=5, b=6, c=7 ABC
5@+6@-7@ 1
cos C= =
2\5\6 5
sin@ C=1-cos@ C sin C=11-cos@ C3 {? 0!<C<180!}
=r1-[ ] y=
1 @ 2j6
5 5
sABC
1
S S= \5\6\sin C
2
S=2! ab sin C =6j6
09 a=13 b=14 c=15 ABC
09 1 5:7:8 40j3
09 2 ABCD AB3=4 BC3=8 CD3=3
BD3=7 CABD=30! ABCD

fABCD
=sABD+sBCD
135
10
ABCD BC3=5 CD3=8 20j2 C
4 ABCD 6%p
ABCD
ABCD S S=BC3\CD3\sin C
SG 20j2=5\8\sin C
/ sin C= j2
2
0!<C<180! C=45! C=135!
1 5
ABCD S S= \AC3\BD3\sin p
2 6
SG 4= \AC3\BD3\
1 1
2 2
1
4= AC3 @, AC3 @=16
4
/ AC3=4 {? AC3>0}
10
ABCD AB3=2 BC3=2j3 6 A
9j2 ABCD 4#p

ABCD
10 1 6 9
1
h ABCD cos h=
3
ABCD
10 2 ABCD AB3=8 BC3=10 BD 12

ABCD
136
ABC S
S=1s{s-a}{s-b}{s-c}3 [ ]
a+b+c
s=
2
R
abc
S= =2R@ sin A sin B sin C
4R
r
1
S= r{a+b+c}
2
1 1 1
S= bc sin A= bc11-cos@ A3= bc1{1+cos A}{1-cos A}3
2 2 2
1 b@+c@-a@ b@+c@-a@
= bcr[1+ ]t[1- ]t
2 2bc 2bc
t t
1 92bc+{b@+c@-a@}092bc-{b@+c@-a@}0
= bcr
2 {2bc}@
19{b+c}@-a@039a@-{b-c}@03
bc
=
4bc
= 1{a+b+c}{-a+b+c}3{a-b+c}{a+b-c}3
1
4
a+b+c
s= a+b+c=2s
2
S= 12s\2{s-a}\2{s-b}\2{s-c}3 =1s{s-a}{s-b}{s-c}3
1
4
R
a
sin A=
2R
1 1 a abc
S= bc sin A= bc\ =
2 2 2R 4R
b=2R sin B c=2R sin C
1 1
S= bc sin A= \2R sin B\2R sin C\sin A=2R@ sin A sin B sin C
2 2
r
ABC I
1 1 1
S=sIAB+sIBC+sICA= cr+ ar+ br
2 2 2
1
= r{a+b+c}
2
137
1 3 ABC 12 sin A+sin B+sin C
2 ABC A : B : C=1 : 2 : 3 a+b+c=6 ABC
3 PQ3
25 m A B
CPAQ=30! CBAQ=75! CABQ=45! PQ3
4 ABC a@=b@+bc+c@ A
5 ABC a : b : c=2 : {1+j3} : j2
138
6 C D
60 m A B
CBAC=90! CABC=30! CBAD=30! CABD=60!
C D
7
5 cm 6 cm 9 cm
8 ABC AB 2:1 P
AC 2:3 Q ABC APQ
15 : 4 5:2 3:2
4:1 6:5
9 ABCD AB3=8 BC3=6 AD3=4

CBAD=60! BD CDBC=30! ABCD
139
1 4 ABC 4 cos {B+C} cos A=-1
BC
2 2 6 P
OB3 A P
A B
3 j10k AB O
P AP3=3 CPAB=h cos 2h
4 ABCD AB3=1 BC3=2

CD3=3 DA3=4 ABCD
140
1
01
02
01
1
a1 a2 a3 y an y
y n y
1 2 3 y n y
9an0 9 0 n an an
9an0
an n n 1 2 3 y
9an0
9an0 an=2n
a1=2\1=2 a2=2\2=4 a3=2\3=6 y an=2n y
SG 9an0: 2 4 6 y 2n y
9an0 1, 2, 3, y a1, a2, a3, y

N R
f :`N 2! R, f{n}=an
an n f{n} n 1 2 3 y
9an0
1. 5
1 5 9 13 y 1 -2 4 -8 y
2. 9an0 4
an=3n+2 an=2N+1
142
01
an
1\2, 2\3, 3\4, 4\5, y 2!, 3@, 4#, 5$, y 9, 99, 999, 9999, y
Talk
n a1, a2, a3, a4, y a1=1\2=1\{1+1}

n a2=2\3=2\{2+1}
a3=3\4=3\{3+1}
a4=4\5=4\{4+1}
an an=n{n+1}
1 1
a1, a2, a3, a4, y a1= =
2 1+1
2 2
a2= =
3 2+1
3 3
a3= =
4 3+1
4 4
a4= =
5 4+1
n
an an=
n+1
a1, a2, a3, a4, y a1=9=10-1
a2=99=100-1=10@-1
a3=999=1000-1=10#-1
a4=9999=10000-1=10$-1
y
an an=10N-1
01 an
3 4 5 6
-1, 1, -1, 1, y , , , , y
1\2 2\3 3\4 4\5
01 1 an
1, 4, 9, 16, y SGàn=n@ 3, 9, 27, 81, y SGàn=3n
-1, 2!, -3!, 4!, y SGàn=-n! 3, 33, 333, 3333, y SGàn=3!{10N-1}
143
01
1, 4, 7, 10, 13, y SG 1 3
+3 +3 +3 +3
d 9an0 an an'1
an'1=an+d hjjk an'1-an=d {
common difference
d
n=1 2 3 y}
d
a d an
an=a+{n-1}d
6 -2 an
an=6+{n-1}\{-2}=-2n+8
a, b, c b a c
b=
a+c
b a a+c
2 b-a=c-b b=
2
c
2, x, 8 x 2 8
2+8
x= =5
2
9an0 an, an'1, an'2
2an'1=an+an'2 hjjk an'1=

an+an'2
n=1, 2, 3, y
2
a d 9an0
a 1`=a=a+0\d SG a1=a+{1-1}\d
a 2`=a1+d=a+d=a+1\d SG a2=a+{2-1}\d
a 3`=a2+d={a+d}+d=a+2\d SG a3=a+{3-1}\d
a 4`=a3+d={a+2d}+d=a+3\d SG a4=a+{4-1}\d
an
an=a+{n-1}d
an=a+{n-1}d=dn+a-d 0 n
0
144
9an0
! 9an0
SG a2=
a1+a3
a1, a2, a3
2
SG a3=
a2+a4
a2, a3, a4
2
SG a4=
a3+a5
a3, a4, a5
2
an, an'1, an'2 SG an'1=

an+an'2
2
@
an+an'2
n an'1=
2
an'1-an=an'2-an'1 SG a2-a1=a3-a2=a4-a3=y=d {d }
9an0
! @ 9an0
an+an'2
an'1= {n=1, 2, 3, y}
2
1.
3 5 7 9 y 6 2 -2 -6 y
2.
-5 -2 4 y 2! 3! 0 y
3. an
7, -2 -1, 3, 7, 11, y
4. x y
2 22
4 x -2 y -8 y x 4 y y
3 3
145
02
an
1 4 -5 5 16 8 25
d a1=1, a4=-5 a4=1+3d=-5 / d=-2

1 -2
an=1+{n-1}\{-2}=-2n+3
an
a d a5=16,
a5=a+4d=16, a8=a+7d=25
a8=25
a=4, d=3
4 3
an=4+{n-1}\3=3n+1
an
02 an
2, 3 3@
2 -10, 7 20
02 1 9an0 a4+a8=24, a15+a19=68 an
02 2 a100
9an0 3 9 7 -5
ak al
SG ak=-al ak+al=0
146
03
9an0 a7=10, a11=4
a d a7=10,
a7=a+6d=10 a11=a+10d=4
a11=4
3
a=19, d=-
2
3 3 41
an an=19+{n-1}\[- ]=- n+
2 2 2
3 41 3 41
an=- n+ <0, n>
n 2 2 2 2
/ n>13.6y
n n 14
14
03 9an0 5 -82 10 -57
03 1 9an0 a1+a2+a3=-12 a4+a5+a6=33 100
03 2 9an0 41 a10=14 |an| n
147
04
-6 30 50
-6, a1, a2, a3, y, a50, 30
a17
Talk
a b k d -6 52 12
-6+51d=30 / d=
30 17
a
{k+2} b
12
b=a+{k+1}d a17 18 a17=-6+{18-1}\ =6
17
d
04 2 40 10
2, a1, a2, a3, y, a10, 40
04 1 4 34 m
4, a1, a2, a3, y, am, 34
2 m
04 2 3 78 m
3 a1 a2 a3 y am 78
d 1 m
m d
148
05
28, a, b, 13 a, b
28+b
a 28 b a= / 2a=28+b yy
2
a+13
b a 13 b= / 2b=a+13 yy
2
a=23, b=18
05 0 a 5 b -2b 5 3a
a b
05 1 a, b, 3 a<b<3 a+b
05 2 -2, a, b
b, 5, f
{b-a}+{`f-e}
149
06
x#+6x@+kx+4=0 k
Talk
a-d a a+d
{a-d}+a+{a+d}=-6
SG a-d, a, a+d
3a=-6 / a=-2
-2 {-2}#+6\{-2}@+k\{-2}+4=0
x=-2 -2k=-20 / k=10
06 x#-3x@+px+q=0 p q p+q
06 1 y=x#-6x@-3x
k
y=k x
06 2 63!
a-3d, a-d, a+d, a+3d
150
01
3
n Sn
a n L
n{a+L}
Sn=
2
a d
n92a+{n-1}d0
Sn=
2
2 10 29 10 S10
10{2+29}
S10= =155
2
3 4 10 S10
1092\3+{10-1}\40
S10= =210
2
Sn an 9an0 n Sn
a1=S1 an=Sn-Sn-1 {n>2}
Sn
a d n L n Sn
Sn=a+{a+d}+{a+2d}+y+{L-2d}+{L-d}+L yy
Sn=L+{L-d}+{L-2d}+y+{a+2d}+{a+d}+a yy
+
2Sn={a+L}+{a+ L}+{a+L}+y+ {a+L }` +{a+ L }+{a+L}=n{a+L}
n
n{a+L}
/ Sn= n
2
L=a+{n-1}d
n92a+{n-1}d0
Sn= d
2
9an0 Sn an
9an0 n Sn
S1=a1
S2=a1+a2=S1+a2
S3=a1+a2+a3=S2+a3
Sn=a1+a2+a3+y+an-1+an=Sn-1+an
/ a1=S1, an=Sn-Sn-1 {n>2}
an=Sn-Sn-1 n=1 a1=S1-S0
S0 n n>2
151
07
a2=4, a5=22 9an0 n Sn S30
a d a2=4 a5=22
a2=a+d=4, a5=a+4d=22
a=-2, d=6
-2 6 3092\{-2}+{30-1}\60
S30= =2550
30 S30 2
07 a3=8, a7=20 9an0 n Sn S20
07 1 9an0 n Sn S5=15, S10=80

S20
07 2 4 9an0 a1+a2+a3+y+a100=200 a2+a3+a4+y+a101
152
08
14 -4 9an0 n Sn Sn
Talk
9an0 14 -4
an=14+{n-1}\{-4}=-4n+18
an
SG >0 <0
n an=-4n+18<0 4n>18 n>4.5
4 5
4
SG <0 >0
492\14+{4-1}\{-4}0
=32
2
n92\14+{n-1}\{-4}0
14 -4 Sn=
2
n Sn =-2n@+16n
=-2{n-4}@+32
n=4 32
08 -50 4 9an0 n Sn
Sn
08 1 6 9an0 n Sn S3=S7
Sn n
08 2 47
S1, S2, S3, y S16
9an0
S16
n Sn
Sn Sk
ak>0, ak'1<0
153
09
100 4 3
Talk
100 4 3
3, 7, 11, 15, y, 99 yy
3 4
an=3+{n-1}\4=4n-1
an
99 n 4n-1=99 / n=25
3 25 99 25{3+99}
=1275
25 2
09 100 200 5 3
09 1 9
09 2 4 6
154
10
9an0 n Sn an
Sn=n@-3n Sn=3n@+n+2
! n>2
Sn=n@-3n an=Sn-Sn-1
=n@-3n-9{n-1}@-3{n-1}0
=2n-4 yy
@ n=1 a1=S1=1@-3\1=-2 yy
n=1
an=2n-4 9an0
an
! n>2
Sn=3n@+n+2 an=Sn-Sn-1
=3n@+n+2-93{n-1}@+{n-1}+20
=6n-2 yy
@ n=1 a1=S1=3\1@+1+2=6 yy
n=1
a1=6, an=6n-2 {n>2} 9an0
an
10 9an0 n Sn an
Sn=2n@-3n Sn=n@+3n-1
10 1 n 3n@+kn, 2n@+5n 9an0, 9bn0 a10=b10

k
10 2 n Sn Sn=n@-6n 9an0 a4+a6+a8+ y +a2k'2=190

k
155
1 9an0 31 85 45 127 175
2 3 19 3 3, x, y, z, 19
x+y+z
30 31 32 33 34
3 x@-3x-6=0 a, b p a, b q
1 1
a, b
p q p+q
4 15 83
5 a1=6, a10=-12 9an0 |a1|+|a2|+|a3|+y+|a19|
156
6 9an0 a1+a3+a5=27, a2+a4+a6+y+a20=-310 9an0
n Sn S100
-22850 -11425 -4570 11425 22850
7 9an0 n Sn S10=165, S20=630

a11+a12+a13+y+a40
8 60 -4 9an0 n Sn Sn
n
9 3 2 5 3
a1, a2, a3, y, an, y
a1+a2+y+a10
720 755 805 830 865
10 3 19 42 9an0 n Sn Sn=n@+an+b
a, b a-b
157
1 l P1{5 0} P2{2 2} P3{-1 4}
P4{-4 6} y Pn{xn yn} P40
2 5 20 m 20 50 n
5 x1 x2 y xm 20 y1 y2 y yn 50
n m
3 O A
10 m A T 1m
20 A 20
4 n Sn Sn=n@+n 9an0
1
9{S1+S3+S5+y+S99}-{S2+S4+S6+y+S98}0
50
158
02
1
SG 32 2!
r 9an0 an an'1
common ratio an'1
r an'1=ran hjjk an =r { n=1 2 3 y}
r
a r {r=0} an
an=arN_!
2 -2 an
an=2\{-2}N_!
0 a, b, c b a c
b c
b@=ac = b@=ac
b=jack b
a b
a c 4, x, 16 x 4 16
a b c x@=4\16=64 / x=-8 x=8
9an0 an an'1 an'2
an'1@=an an'2 {n=1, 2, 3, y}
a r {r=0} 9an0
a 1 =a SG a1=ar1-1
a 2 =a1r=ar ! SG a2=ar2-1
a 3 =a2r={ar}r=ar @ SG a3=ar3-1
a 4 =a3r={ar@}r=ar # SG a4=ar4-1
an
an=arN_!
159
9an0
! 9an0
a1, a2, a3 SG a2@=a1 a3
a2, a3, a4 SG a3@=a2 a4
a3, a4, a5 SG a4@=a3 a5
an, an'1, an'2 SG an'1@=an an'2

@ n an'1@=an an'2
SG
an'1 an'2 a2 a3 a4
= = = =y=r r
an an'1 a1 a2 a3
! @
9an0
9an0
an'1@=an an'2 {n=1, 2, 3, y}
1.
j2, 2, 2j2, 4, 4j2, y 1, -2!, 4!, -8!, y
2.
0.1, 0.01 , 0.0001, y 81, , 9, -3, , y
3. an
4 5! 9, -3j3, 3, -j3, y
4. x y
1
1, x, 9, y, 81, y 4, x, 1, y, , y
4
160
01
9an0 5 -48 8 384 an
a r a5=-48, a5=ar$=-48 yy
a8=384 a8=ar&=384 yy
ar& 384
_ = , r#=-8
ar$ -48
r r=-2
r=-2 ar$=a\{-2}$=-48 / a=-3
-3 -2
an=-3\{-2}N_!
an
01 9an0 a2=-6, a5=162 an
01 1 9an0 a2+a5=54, a3+a6=108 a6
01 2 9an0 a2+a3=6 a5 : a7=1 : 4 a10
161
02
5 3 9an0 10000
5 3 an an=5\3N_!
n 10000 an=5\3N_!>10000 / 3N_!>2000
3^=729 3&=2187 n-1>7 / n>8
n n 8
10000 8
02 2 2 9an0 2000
02 1 a2=5 a4=25 9an0 an@>8000 n
02 2 9an0 a3=36, a5=324

log 2=0.3010 log 3=0.4771
an>10!) n
an
162
03
3 243 3 x1 x2 x3
3 x1 x2 x3 243
x1 x3
Talk
a b k r 3 5
3r$=243 / r$=81
243
a
{k+2} b x1 x3 2 4 x1=3r, x3=3r#`
b=ar k+1 r x1 x3 {3r}\{3r#}=9r$=9\81=729
03 6 192 5 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5
6 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 192
x2 x4
03 1 3 768 m
3 a1 a2 a3 y am 768
4 m
03 2 2 512 14 x1 x2 x3 y x14
2 x1 x2 x3 y x14 512
x1\x2\x3\y\x14=2K k
163
04
a-1, a+1, 2a-1 a
a+1 a-1 2a-1 {a+1}@={a-1}{2a-1}

a@+2a+1=2a@-3a+1
a@-5a=0, a{a-5}=0
/ a=0 a=5
a-1, a+1, 2a-1 a=5
04 a+1 3a 8a a
04 1 4, a, b a, b, 4
a, b
04 2 0 a1, a2, a3, y, an, y a1, a2, a5
164
05
x#-2x@+x-k=0 k
Talk
a, ar, ar@ {a=0}

a+ar+ar@=2
SG a ar ar@
SG a{1+r+r@}=2 yy
a\ar+a\ar@+ar\ar@=1
SG a@r{1+r+r@}=1 yy
a\ar\ar@=k
SG {ar}#=k yy
a@r{1+r+r@} 1 1
_ = / ar=
a{1+r+r@} 2 2
1 1
ar= k=
2 8
05 x#+4x@-8x+k=0 k
k=0
05 1 y=x#-3x@ y=6x-k x
k
05 2 100
a
ar ar@ ar#
165
06
3 9
8 9
30
Talk
3\3=9 8
9\
9
8 8 8 @
9\ \ =9\[ ]
9 9 9
8 @ 8 8 #
9\[ ] \ =9\[ ]
9 9 9
8 N
n 9\[ ]
9
8 #)
30 9\[ ] = 8#)
9 9@(
06 L
3
@)
[3@] L
L
06 1 j3 R1
R2 R2
R3 Rn
an a20
166
02
2
a r n Sn
a{1-rN} a{rN-1}
r=1 Sn= =
1-r r-1
r=1 Sn=na
a{1-rN} a{rN-1}
r<1 Sn= r>1 Sn=
1-r r-1
SG a r n S
S=a{1+rn}
SG a r n 1 S
S=a{1+r}N
r 1 a n n
S
SG S=
a{1+r}9{1+r}N-10
r
SG S=
a9{1+r}N-10
r
Sn
a r n Sn
Sn=a+ar+ar@+y+arN_@+arN_!` yy`
r=1
r
rSn=ar+ar@+ar#+y+arN_!+arN yy`
-
Sn=a+ar+ar@+y+arN_@+arN_!
-R rSnT= arT+ar@+yT+arN_@+TarN_!+arNT
{1-r}Sn=a -arN
a{1-rN} a{rN-1}
/ Sn= =
1-r r-1
r=1 Sn=a+a+a+y+a+a=na
n
167
a r 1 2 y n S
1 a+ar=a{1+r} a+ar=a{1+r}
2 a+ar+ar=a{1+2r} a{1+r}+a{1+r}r=a{1+r}@
S=a+ar+y+ar=a{1+nr} S=a{1+r}{1+r}y{1+r}=a{1+r}N
n
SG a{1+r} ar SG a{1+r} 1+r
a n S
1
2
S=a{1+r}+a{1+r}@+y+a{1+r}N a{1+r} 1+r
a{1+r}9{1+r}N-10 a{1+r}9{1+r}N-10
= =
{1+r}-1 r
a n S
1
2
{n-1}
S=a+a{1+r}+y+a{1+r}N_! a 1+r
a9{1+r}N-10 a9{1+r}N-10
= =
{1+r}-1 r
1. n Sn
1 1 1
2, 6, 18, 54, y 1, , , , y
2 4 8
2. 1000 10 % 10
1.1!)=2.594
168
07
9an0 a2=2! a6=8 n Sn
S8
1
a r a2=ar= yy
2
a6=ar%=8 yy
ar%
_ =16, r$=16 / r=2 {? r>0}
ar
1
r=2 a=
4
1
2 4!{2*-1}
4 255
S8= =
8 S8 2-1 4
07 9an0 4 6 6 54 10
07 1 9an0 a2+a4=15, a4+a6=135

n Sn S20
07 2 9an0 n Sn S5=5 S10=20

S15
169
08
n Sn Sn=3\2N"!+4k 9an0
k
Talk
! n>2
Sn=3\2N"!+4k an=Sn-Sn-1
=3\2N"!+4k-{3\2N+4k}
9an0 n
=3\2N{2-1}=3\2N yy
@ n=1
Sn
a1=S1 a1=S1=3\2@+4k=12+4k yy
an=Sn-Sn-1 {n>2}
3
3\2=12+4k / k=-
n=1 2
08 n Sn Sn=4\3N"#+k 9an0
k
08 1 n Sn Sn=2\3N-2 9an0 an
08 2 n Sn Sn=5N"!-5 9an0
170
09
10 % 1 50 10
10 1.1!)=2.6
50 50
10 % 1
50 10
10 S S=50{1+0.1}+50{1+0.1}@+y+50{1+0.1}!)
50{1+0.1} 50{1+0.1}9{1+0.1}!)-10
=
1+0.1 {1+0.1}-1
10 50\1.1\1.6
= =880
0.1
10 % 1
50 10
10 S S=50+50{1+0.1}+50{1+0.1}@+y+50{1+0.1}(
50 1+0.1 509{1+0.1}!)-10
=
10 {1+0.1}-1
50\1.6
= =800
0.1
09 6% 1 10
10
1.06!)=1.791
5 6
09 1 5\10!@ 2\10(
5%
log 1.05=0.021 log 1.26=0.100
171
1 9an0 a3+a4=24, a3`:à4=2`:`1 a8
2 9an0 9bn0 a5b5=10 a8b8=20 a11b11
3 f{x}=x@+3x+a f{x} x-1, x, x+1

f{x} x+2 a
4 L, m, n
L, m, n 27
60
5 2
3
10
172
6 9an0 a1+a3=10 a3+a5=90 n
Sn S30
7 9an0 a1+a2+a3=8 a4+a5+a6=40 a1+a2+a3+y+a12
8 9an0 n Sn Sn=3N"!-2
a1=7, an=2\3N {n=2, 3, 4, y}

a1+a3=60
9a2n0 9
9 9an0 n Sn
log2 {Sn+k}=n+2
9an0 k
173
1 1000 2! 9an0 a1\a2\a3\y\an n
2 A{1, 2} B{x, y} AB 2`:`1 P

Q A, P, Q x P, B,
Q y x, y
3 9an0 n Sn S2n=4Sn
S3n
Sn
4 6% 1 5
5 100
1.06%=1.34
174
2
01 ?
02
01
?
1
?
? 9an0 n a1+a2+a3+y+an ?~
sum
s k/ =1
N~~ ~ ak
sigma n
a1+a2+a3+y+an=/k=1
N~àk
1
k/ =1
N~~ ~àk ak k 1, 2, 3, y, n a1, a2,
a3, y, an
/k=1
N~`~ ak k / i=1
N~`~ ai / j=1
N~`~ aj
?
9an0 9bn0 c
/k=1
N~`{ak+bk}=/k=1
N`~àk+/k=1
N`~`bk /k=1
N`~`{ak-bk}=/k=1
N~`~àk-/k=1
N`~`bk
/k=1
N~`~`cak=c/k=1
N~`~àk /k=1
N~`~`c=cn
?
/k=1
N~`àk
/k=1
N~`~àk bk= /k=1
N~`~àk /k=1
N~`~`bk /k=1
N```
ak
=
bk /k=1
N~``bk
@
/k=1
N~`~àk@=[ /k=1
N~`~àk] /k@N`àk=/
=1 k=1
N~`~à2k
?
9an0 m n {m<n}
am+am'1+am'2+y+an
/ k/ =m
N~~àk
k/ =m
N~`àk=am+am'1+am'2+y+an
?
k/ =m
N~`àk=/k=1
N~~`àk-/M_!àk
k=1
/k=1
N~~`àk=/k=1
M`àk+k=/m
N '1ak
/kN_!~
=0 ak'1=a1+a2+a3+y+an=/k=1
N~~`àk
SG /kN_!~
=0 ak'1=/k=1
N~~`àk=/kN"!~
=2 ak-1
/kN"!~
=2 ak-1=a1+a2+a3+y+an=/k=1
N~~`àk
176
?
9an0 9bn0 c
/k=1
N```{ak+bk}={a1+b1}+{a2+b2}+{a3+b3}+y+{an+bn}
={a1+a2+a3+y+an}+{b1+b2+b3+y+bn}
=/k=1
N~`àk+/k=1
N~``bk
/k=1
N```{ak-bk}={a1-b1}+{a2-b2}+{a3-b3}+y+{an-bn}
={a1+a2+a3+y+an}-{b1+b2+b3+y+bn}
=/k=1
N~`àk-/k=1
N~``bk
/k=1
N~``cak=ca1+ca2+ca3+y+can
=c{a1+a2+a3+y+an}
=c/k=1
N~`àk
/k=1
N~``c=c+c+c+y+c
n
=cn
1. ?
1\2+2\3+3\4+y+49\50 5+5+5+5+5+5+5
1 1 1
1+ + +y+ 3+3@+3#+y+3@)
3 5 25
2. ?
/~i=1
%~``2I /k=1
N~`{-1}K\k
/~j=1
@)~` m/~ =3
*```{2m-1}
1
j{j+2}
3. /k=1
%~~`àk=7, /k=1
%~~``bk=3
/k=1
%``{ak+bk} /k=1
%``{ak-bk}
/k=1
%~`~`4ak /k=1
%~~``5
177
01 ?
/k=1
N```{a2k-1+a2k}=3n /k!)~
=1`àk
? /k=1
N~`{a2k-1+a2k}
={a1+a2}+{a3+a4}+{a5+a6}+y+{a2n-1+a2n}
=/k@N~
=1àk
/k=1
N~`{a2k-1+a2k}=3n /k@N~
=1àk=3n
/ /k!)`~
=1àk=3\5=15
01 /k=1
N`~~`k{ak-ak'1}=4n@-nan'1 /k=1
%`àk
01 1 /k!))`kak=600,
=1 /k((~
=1~`kak'1=300 /k!))àk
=1
01 2 f{x} f{15}=80, f{1}=20 /k=1

!$`` f{k+1}-/k=2
!%`` f{k-1}
178
02 ?
/k=1
#)~~ ak=10 /k=1
#)~~ ak@=20 /k=1
#)~~ {2ak+1}@
/k=1
N`` {k@-1}-/k=4
N`` {k@-1} /k=1
$`` {5K_!+6}
? /k#)~
=1`{2ak+1}@=/k#)~
=1`{4ak@+4ak+1}
=4/k#)~
=1~àk@+4/k#)~
=1~àk+/k#)~
=1~`1
/k#)~
=1~àk=10 /k#)~
=1~àk@=20 =4\20+4\10+1\30=150
? /k=1
N`~~ {k@-1}-/k=4
N`~~ {k@-1}=/k=1
#`~~ {k@-1}
={1@-1}+{2@-1}+{3@-1}
=11
Talk
? /k=1
$`~~ {5K_!+6}=/k=1
$`~~ 5K_!+/k=1
$`~~ 6
a r{r=1} ={1+5+5@+5#}+6\4
1\{5$-1}
n Sn = +24=156+24=180
5-1
a{rN-1} a{1-rN}
Sn= =
r-1 1-r
02
/k!)~
=1`àk=55 /k!)~
=1``bk=25 /k!)~
=1`{2ak-4bk+3}
/k=1
N~~` {k@+2}-/k=5
N~~` {k@+2} /k!@~
=1`
6K_!-3K-2K"!
6K
02 1 /k=1
N~`àk=-4n /k=1
N~``bk=n@+2n /k=1
%```{2ak+bk}
2
n
N~``{2\3K}- ? {2\3K}
/k=1
02 k=11
179
01
2
n{n+1}
N`~~ k=
1+2+3+y+n=/ k=1
2
n{n+1}{2n+1}
N`~~ k@=
1@+2@+3@+y+n@=/ k=1
6
n{n+1} @
N`~~ k#=-
1#+2#+3#+y+n#=/ k=1 =
2
10\11 @
/k!)`~
=1`k= =55, /k!)`~
=1`k@= =385, /k!)`~
=1`k#=[
10\11 10\11\21
] =3025
2 6 2
1 n 1 1
n{n+1}
1+2+3+y+n=/k=1
N~~``k=
2
{k+1}#-k#=3k@+3k+1 k 1, 2, 3, y, n
2#-1#=3\1@ +3\1 +1 k=1
3#-2#=3\2@ +3\2 +1 k=2
4#-3#=3\3@ +3\3 +1 k=3
+R {n+1}#-n#=3\n@+3\n+1 k=n
{n+1}#-1#=3{1@+2@+3@+y+n@}+3{1+2+3+y+n}+{1+1+y+1}
n{n+1} n
=3/k=1
N~~``k@+3/k=1
N~~``k+/k=1
N~~``1=3/k=1
N~~``k@+3\ +n
2
3n{n+1} n{n+1}{2n+1}
3/k=1
N~~``k@={n+1}#- -{n+1}=
2 2
n{n+1}{2n+1}
k/ =1
N~~``k@=
6
{k+1}$-k$=4k#+6k@+4k+1
n{n+1} @
k/ =1
N~~``k#=- =
2
1.
/k=1
!%~``k /k=1
^`` k@+/k=1
%`` k#
1@+2@+3@+y+20@ 1#+2#+3#+y+8#
180
03
/k=1
!)~~ {k#-3k@} k/ =1
% {k+1}{k-2} k/ @)~
=1~ {k+1}@-/k@)~
=1~ {k-1}@
? /k!)~
=1~`{k#-3k@}=/k!)~
=1~`k#-3/k!)~
=1~`k@
10\11 @ 10\11\21
=[ ] -3\
2 6
=1870
? /k=1
%~~`{k+1}{k-2}=/k=1
%~~`{k@-k-2}
=/k=1
%~~`k@-/k=1
%~~`k-/k=1
%~~`2
5\6\11 5\6
= - -10=30
6 2
? /k@)~
=1~ {k+1}@-/k@)~
=1~ {k-1}@=/k@)~
=1~ 9{k@+2k+1}-{k@-2k+1}0
=/k@)~
=1~`4k=4/k@)~
=1~`k
20\21
=4\ =840
2
03
/k=1
*~~`{4k-2k@} /k!)~
=1~`{2k-1}{k+3} k/ =1
!%``{k+3}@-/k=1
!%``k@
03 1
/k=5
(~~`k{2k-1}{2k+1} k/ =2
@)` -/k=2
@)`
k# 1
k-1 k-1
03 2
2+4+6+y+2k 1+4+9+y+k@
/k@)~
=1~` /k!)~
=1~`
10k k
181
04 ?
1@, 3@, 5@, 7@, 9@, y n
Talk
an an={2n-1}@=4n@-4n+1
?
9an0 n 1@+3@+5@+y+{2n-1}@
? =/k=1
N~~ àk
=//k=1
N``{4k@-4k+1}
? =4/k=1
N~~ `k@-4/k=1
N~~ `k+/k=1
N~~ `1
n{n+1}{2n+1} n{n+1}
=4\ -4\ +n
6 2
n{2n+1}{2n-1}
=
3
04 n
1\3, 2\4, 3\5, 4\6, y 1@\2, 2@\3, 3@\4, 4@\5, y
04 1 1, 2+4, 3+6+9, 4+8+12+16, y 15
04 2
1\n+2\{n-1}+3\{n-2}+y+{n-1}\2+n\1
n
n
182
05 ?
/k=1
N~~`-/ì=1
K~``{i+k}=
Talk
/ì=1
K``{i+k} /ì=1
K~``{i+k}=/ì=1
K~`~ì+k /ì=1
K~`~ 1
k{k+1} 3k@+k
= +k\k=
2 2
/k=1
N~~`-/ì=1
K``{i+k}= /k=1
N~~`-/ì=1
K~``{i+k}==/k=1
N~`~`
3k@+k
2
/k=1
N~`~`k@+ /k=1
N~`~`k
3 1
=
2 2
3 n{n+1}{2n+1} 1 n{n+1}
= \ + \
2 6 2 2
n{n+1}@
=
2
05
n 10
? - ? {k+l}=
l=1 k=1
05 1
? - ? {2k+3}= ? [ ? jk@]- ? [ ? jk]
10 j 5 10 10 5
j=1 k=1 k=1 j=1 k=1 j=1
2
L
/mN~=1`~`-/` =1
M~` [/k=1``6]==120
05 L
n
183
06 ?
/k=1
N``àk=n@+2n /k=1
!)~~`ka3k
Talk
9an0 n
Sn=/k=1
N``àk=n@+2n
Sn
! n>2
9an0 n
Sn an=Sn-Sn-1
a1=S1
=n@+2n-9{n-1}@+2{n-1}0
an=Sn-Sn-1 {n>2}
=2n+1 yy
@ n=1 a1=S1=1@+2\1=3 yy
n=1
an=2n+1
an
a3k=2\3k+1=6k+1 /k=1
!)~`ka3k=/k=1
!)~`k{6k+1}
=/k=1
!)``{6k@+k}=6 /k=1
!)``k@+/k=1
!)``k
10\11\21 10\11
=6\ + =2365
6 2
06 /k=1
N~~ ~àk=n@+n k/ =1
@)`~ {k-12}a2k
06 1 /k=1
N~~ ~àk=2N"!+1 /k=1
%~~ ~à2k'1
06 2 /k=1
N~~ ~àk=n@-11n k/ =1
#)`~|a2k|
184
01
3
1 1 1 1
= [ - ]
AB B-A A B
SG`/ k=1
N `` / k=1
N ~[
1 1 1 1
= - ] a=b
{k+a}{k+b} b-a k+a k+b
1 1 1 1
N-
/k=1 == /k=1
N- - =
k{k+1}{k+2} 2 k{k+1} {k+1}{k+2}
jkk-jk+1l
N `{jk+1l-jkk}
jkk+jk+1l {jkk+jk+1l}{jkk-jk+1l}
SG`/ k=1
N ~` =/ k=1
N ~` =/ k=1
1
\
1\5+2\5@+3\5#+y+n\5N+y
S
r S-rS r=1
S
1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 y`SG`{1} {1 2} {1 2 3} {1 2 3 4} y
1 2 3 4
n
n
k
1.
k/ =1
@)`~ [ ] !)`~ {jk+3l-jk+2l}
k/ =1
1 1
-
k+1 k+2
185
07
1 1 1 1
2 6 12 20 y n
1 1 1 1
y
2 6 12 20
SG 1 1 1 1 y
1\2 2\3 3\4 4\5
1
an an=
n{n+1}
/k=1
N~~ ~àk=/k=1
N~~` =/k=1
N~~`[ -
1 1 1
9an0 n ]
k{k+1} k k+1
1 1
=[1-2!]+[2!-3!]+y+[ - ]
n n+1
1 n
=1- =
n+1 n+1
07
1 1 1
, , , y n
3@-1 5@-1 7@-1
07 1 1
,
1
,
1
3 3+5 3+5+7
, y 9
07 2 x x@+2x-n@+1=0 an bn /k=2
!)~~ ~ [
1 1
+ ]
ak bk
n>2
an+bn
anbn
186
08
j2+1 j3+j2 2+j3
1 1 1
, , ,y 48
jn+1l+jnk
1
an an=
jk+1l+jkk
/k=1
$*~~ ~ak=/k=1
$*~~
1
9an0 48
jk+1l-jkk
{jk+1l+jkk}{jk+1l-jkk}
=/k=1
$*~~
$*~~ ~{jk+1l-jkk}
=/k=1
={j2-j1}+{j3-j2}+y+{j49k-j48k}
=-1+7=6
08 1+j3 j3+j5 j5+j7

1 1 1
, , ,y 60
08 1 jakk +jak'1k
/k#^~
=1~`
1
9an0 3 2
08 2 jn+l1l +jn+k2k
k/ =1
M~~ ~ ak=3j2
1
9an0 an= m
187
09 \
1 1 1 1
1\ 3 +2\ +3\ +y+8\
3@ 3# 3*
Talk
S S 1 1 1 1
S=1\ +2\ +3\ +y+8\
r 3 3@ 3# 3*
S-rS S-3!S 1 1 1 1 1
-] 3 S= 1\
3@
+2\ +y+7\ +8\
3# 3* 3( `
r=1
2 1 1 Z 1 1 1 Z
S= + `` + `` +y+ `` -8\
3 3 3@ 3# 3* 3(
1 1
[1- ]
3 3* 1
= -8\
1 3(
1-
3
1 8
=2![1- ]-
3* 3(
19
=2!-
2\3(
3 19
S= -
4 4\3*
09 1\1+2\2+3\2@+y+20\2!(
09 1 2 3
Sn=1+ + +y+
2 2@
n
2N_!
S10=a-
b
2&
a b a+b
188
10
9an0 175
1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 y
1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
y
1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
1 {1} {1 2} {1 2 3} {1 2 3 4} {1 2 3 4 5} y
1 2 3 4 5
n n
1 n n{n+1}
1+2+3+y+n=
2
1 18
18\19 175 19 4
=171
2
n n{n+1}
1+2+3+y+n=
2
175 k{k+1}
/k!&%àk=/
=1 k!*~
=1~ ` +{1+2+3+4}
2
= [/k!*~
=1~ `k@+/k!*~
=1~ `k]+10
1
1 18 2
+ 19 4 1 18\19\37 18\19
= [ + ]+10
2 6 2
=1150
1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] y
Talk 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
1 2 3 4
n n
1 n n{n+1}
1+2+3+y+n=
2
1 18
18\19 175 19 4
=171
2
1 2 3 n 1+2+3+y+n
n + + +y+ =
n n n n n
n{n+1}
2 n+1
= =
n 2
/k!&%àk=/
=1 k!*~
=1~ `
175 k+1 1+2+3+4
+
2 19
10
= [/k!*~
=1~ `k+/k!*~
=1~ `1]+
1
1 18 2 19
1 18\19 10
+ 19 4 = [ +18]+
2 2 19
3611
=
38
189
10
1 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 3 2 1 y 150
1 3 1 3 5 7 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 1
y
2 2 2@ 2@ 2@ 2@ 2# 2# 2# 2# 2# 2# 2# 2# 2$
62
10 1 100 {a, b} ab
{1, 1}, {1, 2}, {2, 1}, {1, 3}, {2, 2}, {3, 1}, {1, 4}, {2, 3}, {3, 2}, {4, 1}, y
10 2 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, y
2
200
10 3 10
190
1
/k=1
N~~ ~`k@=/kN_!~
=0 {k+1}@ /k=1
N~~ ~`3K=/kN~ =2
"!`3K
M_!~
/ì=1 ai+/j=m
N~~àj=/k=1
N~àk {n>m} /k=0
N~`~`{a3k+a3k'1+a3k'2}=/k=0
#N~àk
2 k/ @)~
=1`{3ak+2}=70, k/ @)~
=1`{ak-1}{ak@+ak+1}=130 k/ @)~
=1`àk{ak@-4}
3 9an0 9 11 99 101 999 1001 y k/ @)~

=1àk
2 10 20
{10!)-1} {10!)-1} {10!)-1}
9 9 9
10 20
{10@)-1} {10@)-1}
9 9
4 k/ =1
!!~`{k-a}{2k-a} a=a m a m a+m
5 n+1 n+2 n+3

2n
+
2n
+
2n
+y+
3n
2n
191
6 k/ =1
!)~`- m/ =1
N~~ ~`2M{2k-1}==a{2N-1} a
7 /k=1
N~~ ~àk=n@+3n /k=1
!)~~ ~ a a
4
k k'1
1 5 1 7 3
3 12 2 12 4
8 1+
1
+
1
1+2 1+2+3
+y+
1
=
60
1+2+3+y+n 31
n
9 y=jxk x x=k x=k+1

99
1
Sk ?
k=1 Sk
k
192
?
1 9an0 0, 1, 3 k/ !)``àk=10,
=1 k/ !)``àk@=22
=1 k/ !)``àk#
=1
2 n x@+y@=n y=x+1
Ln n/ =1
@)``Ln@
200 200j2 400

400j2 800
3 1 2
3 2
3 20
4 P{x, y}
x<y y=x
x>y y 1
P{0, 1} P i {xi, yi} !))`{xi+yi}

`/i=1
193
02
1
9an0
a1
-
an an'1 {n=1 2 3 y}
n=1 2 3 y 9an0
a1=2 an'1=an+2 {n=1 2 3 y}

a2=a1+2=4 a3=a2+2=6 a4=a3+2=8 y
a d 9an0
an'1=an+d hjk an'1-an=d d
2an'1=an+an'2 hjk an'2-an'1=an'1-an
a r 9an0
an'1=ran hjk
an'1
=r r
an
an'1@=anan'2 hjk
an'2 an'1
=
an'1 an
an'1=an+f{n}
n 1 2 3 y n-1
an'1=an f{n}
n 1 2 3 y n-1
an'1=pan+q an'1=pan+q{pq=0 p=1}
p=0 q
an'1-a=p{an-a} a=
1-p
an'1=q
q pan'2+qan'1+ran=0 {p+q+r=0 pqr=0}
r
q=0 an'2-an'1= {an'1-an}
p
an'1=pan
p ran
an'1= {pqr=0}
p=1 pan+q
an'1=an+q
q
194
an'1=an+f{n} 9an0
n 1, 2, 3, y, n-1
a2=a1+ f{1}
a3=a2+ f{2}
a4=a3+ f{3}
``
+R an=an-1+T f{n-1} T
an=a1+ f{1}+ f{2}+ f{3}+y+ f{n-1}
/ an=a1+/N_!``f{k}
k=1
an'1=an f{n} 9an0

n 1, 2, 3, y, n-1
a2=a1 f{1}
a3=a2 f{2}
a4=a3 f{3}
``
\R an=an-1 Tf{n-1}T T
an=a1 f{1} f{2} f{3} y f{n-1}
an'1=pan+q`{pq=0, p=1} 9an0
an'1-a=p{an-a} 9an-a0 a1-a p
an-a={a1-a}pN_! / an={a1-a}pN_!+a
an'1=pan+q an'1-a=p{an-a} an'1=pan-pa+a
q
q=-pa+a a=
1-p
pan'2+qan'1+ran=0 {p+q+r=0, pqr=0} 9an0
p+q+r=0 q=-p-r pan'2+{-p-r}an'1+ran=0
r
p{an'2-an'1}-r{an'1-an}=0 / an'2-an'1= p {an'1-an}
r
9an'1-an0 a2-a1
p
r N_!
an'1-an={a2-a1}[ p ]
r K_!
an=a1+/N_!
k=1 {a2-a1}[ ]
p
ran
an'1= {pqr=0} 9an0
pan+q
1 pan+q p q 1
= = + \
an'1 ran r r an
1 q p
=bn bn'1= bn+
an r r
9bn0 an
195
01
9an0 15
a1=2 an'1=an+3 {n=1, 2, 3, y}

a1=1 a2=5 2an'1=an+an'2 {n=1, 2, 3, y}
a1=2 an'1-an=3 9an0 2 3

/ an=2+{n-1}\3=3n-1
15 a15=3\15-1=44
a1=1 a2=5 2an'1=an+an'2 9an0 1 4
a2-a1=5-1=4
/ an=1+{n-1}\4=4n-3
15 a15=4\15-3=57
01 9an0 10
a1=5 an'1=an-2 {n=1, 2, 3, y}

a1=2 a2=7 2an'1=an+an'2 {n=1, 2, 3, y}
01 1 a2=17, a6=5 2an'1-an-an'2=0 {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0

n Sn Sn n
01 2 a1=-1,
1 1
= +4 {n=1, 2, 3, y}
an'1 an
9an0 20
196
02
9an0 25
a1=3 an'1=2an {n=1, 2, 3, y}

a1=-2 a2=6 an'1@=anan'2 {n=1, 2, 3, y}
a1=3 an'1=2an 9an0 3 2

/ an=3\2N_!
25 a25=3\2@$
a1=-2 a2=6 an'1@=anan'2 9an0 -2 -3
a2 6
/ an=-2\{-3}N_! =
a1 -2
=-3
25 a25=-2\3@$
02 9an0 12
a1=2 an'1=5an {n=1, 2, 3, y}

a1=-1 a2=2 an'1@=an an'2 {n=1, 2, 3, y}
02 1 a1=6 an'1=3an{n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 /k=1

!%~` ak
02 2 a2=a1@, a3=125 9an0 x
anx@+2an'1x+an'2=0 {n=1, 2, 3, y} 30
197
03 an'1=an+f{n}
a1=5, an'1=an+2n {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 10
an'1=an+2n n 1 2 3 y n-1 a2=a1+2\1

a3=a2+2\2
a4=a3+2\3
+R an=an-1+2\{n-1}`T T
an=a1+291+2+3+y+{n-1}0
9an0 an=a1+2/N_!~
k=1 k
{n-1}n
=5+2\
2
=n@-n+5
10 a10=10@-10+5=95
03 a1=1 an'1=an+n@-2n {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 5
03 1 a1=1 an'1-an=2N {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 127
03 2 jn+1l+jnk
1
a1=1 an'1=an+ {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 a75-a48
198
04 an'1=an f{n}
n
a1=2, an'1= an {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 20
n+1
n 1
an'1= an n 1 2 3 y n-1 a2= a1
n+1 2
2
a3= a2
3
3
a4= a3
4
n-1
\] an= an-1`
n
1Z 2Z 3 n-1
an=a1\[ \ \ \y\ ]
2 3 4 n
1 2
9an0 an=a1\ =
n n
2 1
20 a20= =
20 10
04
1
a1=1, an'1=[1- n+2 ]an {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 15
04 1 a1=j3, an'1={j3}N\an {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 10
04 2 a1=1, jn+1l an'1=jn an {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 4!
199
05 an'1=pan+q
a1=2, an'1=2!an+3 {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 10
an'1=2!an+3 an'1-a=2!{an-a} an'1=2!an+3 hjk an'1-a=2!{an-a} yy`
hjk an'1=2!an+2!a
a 2!a=3 / a=6
a=6 an'1-6=2!{an-6}
9an-60 a1-6=-4 2!
an-6=-4\[2!]N_!
9an0 an=-4\[2!]N_!+6
a10=-4\[2!](+6=
767
10
128
an'1=2!an+3 n n+1 an'2=2!an'1+3
an'2-an'1=2!{an'1-an}
/ an'1-an={a2-a1}[2!]N_!=2\[2!]N_!
n-1
N_!
n 1 2 3 y n-1 an=a1+ ? -2\[2!]K_!==6-4\[2!]
k=1
/ a10= 767
128
05 a1=2, an'1=3an+2 {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 15
05 1 a1=1, 3an'1-2an-3=0 {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 k/ =1

!)~~ ak
200
06 pan'2+qan'1+ran=0
a1=1, a2=3, an'2=4an'1-3an {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 11
an'2=4an'1-3an an'2-4an'1+3an=0
1-4+3=0 an'2-an'1=3{an'1-an}
9an'1-an0 a2-a1=2 3
an'1-an=2\3N_!
/ an'1=an+2\3N_! yy`
n 1 2 3 y n-1 a2=a1+2\3)
a3=a2+2\3!
a4=a3+2\3@
+R an=an-1+2\3T N_@ T
an=a1+2{1+3+3@+y+3N_@}
n-1
9an0 an=a1+2 ? 3K_!
k=1
3N_!-1
=1+2\
3-1
=3N_!
11 a11=3!)
06 a1=1, a2=2, an'2=3!an'1+3@an {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 6
06 1 a2=3a1, an'2-3an'1+2an=0 {n=1, 2, 3, y}

4
9an0 a8=85
201
07
ran
an'1= pan+q
2an
a1=3, an'1= {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 6
2+an
2an 1 2+an 1 1
an'1= = / = +2! yy`
2+an an'1 2an an'1 an
1 =bn
bn'1=bn+2!
an
9bn0 b1= 1 =3! 2!

a1
bn=3!+{n-1}\2!
3n-1
=
6
1
bn= 9an0 1 3n-1 6
an = / an=
an 6 3n-1
6 6
6 a6= =
3\6-1 17
07
an
a1=1, an'1= {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 5
1-3an
07 1 1
a1= 4 , an'1=
an
4an+1
{n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 a10+a20
202
08 Sn
9an0 n Sn
a1=1, Sn=3an-2 {n=1, 2, 3, y}
9an0 10
Talk
Sn=3an-2 n n+1 Sn'1=3an'1-2

Sn'1-Sn Sn'1=3an'1-2
-R T n=3T an -2 T
Sn'1-Sn=an'1
S
Sn'1-Sn=3{an'1-an}
Sn'1-Sn=an'1 an'1=3{an'1-an} 2an'1=3an
an'1=2# an
9an0 3
1
2
3 N_! 3 N_!
an=1\[ 2 ] =[ 2 ]
3 (
10 a10=[ 2 ]
08 9an0 n Sn
a1=1, Sn=4an-3 {n=1, 2, 3, y}
9an0 8
08 1 9an0 n Sn
a1=3, Sn'1=2Sn {n=1, 2, 3, y}
9an0 7
08 2 9an0 n Sn
a1=1, a2=4, an=3Sn'1-Sn'2-2Sn {n=1, 2, 3, y}
a20
203
09
10 L 3L
n an L a1 an an'1
Talk
a1 L 10 L
a1=10\2!+3=8 {L}
3L
a2 a3 y
a2=a1\2!+3
a3=a2\2!+3
{n+1}
an'1 L n an'1=2! an+3`{n=1, 2, 3, y}
3L
09 1 n an a1 an an'1
a1 a2 a3
09 2 n
an
n
a1=2 a2=3 n=3 4 5 y
an an-1 an-2 a7
204
02
2
n p{n} n
! n=1
@ n=k
p{n}
p{n}
n=k+1 p{n}
p{n}
p{k} p{k+1} p{k}
p{k+1}
n
1+3+5+7+y+{2n-1}=n@ yy`
! n=1
@ n=k
=1 =1@=1
1+3+5+7+y+{2k-1}=k@
2k+1
1+3+5+7+y+{2k-1}+{2k+1}=k@+{2k+1}
={k+1}@
!
n=k+1
@
n=1
@
n=1 n=2
n=2 n=3
! @ @
n
n
n p{n} n>m m n
! n=m
@ n=k {k>m}
p{n}
p{n}
n=k+1 p{n}
205
10
n
1
1@+2@+3@+y+n@= n{n+1}{2n+1} yy
6
! n=1
1
=1@=1 = \1\2\3=1
6
@ n=k
n=1
1
1@+2@+3@+y+k@= k{k+1}{2k+1}
6
{k+1}@
1
1@+2@+3@+y+k@+{k+1}@= k{k+1}{2k+1}+{k+1}@
6
1
= {k+1}{k+2}{2k+3}
6
1
= {k+1}9{k+1}+1092{k+1}+10
6
! @
n=k+1
n
10 n
1 2 3 n n+2
+ + +y+ =2- yy
2 4 8 2N 2N
! n=1 =1 =2- 1+2 = 1
@ n=k
2 2 2
1 2 3 k k+2
+ + +y+ =2-
2 4 8 2K 2K
1 2 3 k k+2
+ + +y+ + =2- + =2-
2 4 8 2K 2K
! @
n=k+1
n
1 1 k+1 k+2 k+3

k+2 k+3 k+3 k k+1
206
11
h>0 n>2 n
{1+h}N>1+nh yy
! n=2
={1+h}@=1+2h+h@>1+2h= ? h>0
@ n=k`{k>2}
n=2
{1+h}K>1+kh
{1+h} 1+h>0
{1+h}K"!>{1+kh}{1+h}
{1+kh}{1+h}=1+{k+1}h+kh@>1+{k+1}h
{1+h}K"!>1+{k+1}h
! @
n=k+1
n>2 n
11 n>2 n
1 1 1 1
1+ + +y+ <2- n yy
2@ 3@ n@
! n=2 =4% =2#
@ n=k {k>2}
1 1 1 1
1+ + +y+ <2-
2@ 3@ k@ k
1
{k+1}@
1 1 1 1 1 1
1+ + +y+ + <2- +
2@ 3@ k@ {k+1}@ k {k+1}@
- 2- +
1 1
=-{
1
}=- <
k {k+1}@ k{k+1}@
1 1 1 1 1 1
1+ + +y+ + <2- + <
2@ 3@ k@ {k+1}@ k {k+1}@
! @
n=k+1
n>2 n
2 2 1
- , 0 - , 1 2- , 0
k{k+1} {k+1}@ k+1
1 1
2+ , 1 2- , 0
k+1 k
207
1 a5=11, a9=19, an'1=
an+an'2
2
{n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 ak>100
2 an'2 an'1
an'1 = an {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 n
Sn S3=78, S6=2184 S9
3(-3 3(-1 3!)-3 3!)-1 3!!-3
3 a1=1, an'1=an+n {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 10
40 42 44 46 48
4 a1=1, {n+1}@an'1=n{n+2}an {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0

51
100
5 a1=7, an'1=2an-5 {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 ak<500<ak'1

k
6 7 8 9 10
208
6 a1=1, a2=2, 3an'2-4an'1+an=0 {n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 a6-a4
7 a1=1, an'1=
an
2-3an
{n=1, 2, 3, y} 9an0 ak=-
1
61
k
5 6 7 8 9
8 10 3
2 n an
a1 an an'1
9
n
an a4 an an'1
209
10 n 5N"!+2\3N+1 8
! n=1
an=5N"!+2\3N+1
@ n=k {k>1}
a1=25+6+1=32 a1 8
ak=5K"!+2\3K+1 8
ak'1=5K"@+2\3K"!+1 ak'1-ak
ak'1-ak= {5K"!+3K}
5K"!+3K ak'1-ak 8
! @
ak 8 ak'1 8
n an 8
2 2 4 4 4 4 8
11 a1=1 an'1=
4-an
3-an
{n=1 2 3 y} 9an0 an
2n-1
an= yy
n
! n=1
2\1-1
a1= =1
@ n=k
1
ak=
4-ak
ak'1= =
3-ak k+1
! @
n=k+1
n
4-an 2n-1
a1=1 an'1= {n=1 2 3 y} 9an0 an an=
3-an n
2k-1 2k-1 2k-1

2k-1 2k+1 2k+3
k k k
2k+1 2k+1
k+2 2k+1
k k
210
Sn
1 9an0 n Sn
a1=1 a2=5 3Sn'2-5Sn'1=an-2Sn {n=1 2 3 y}
a10-a7
2 A B 4% 8% 200 g A 100 g B
B 100 g A 1
n A an % 9an0
an'1=pan+q p q 3{p+q}
3 n
? n+m >1
1
2n+1
yy`
m=1
! n=1
@ n=k
= >1
2k+1
?
1 1 1 1
= + +y+ >1
m=1 k+m k+1 k+2 3k+1
n=k+1
2k+3
?
1 1 1 1
= + +y+
m=1 k+1+m k+2 k+3 3k+4
2k+1
=?
1 1 1 1
+[ + + ]-
m=1 k+m 3k+2 3k+3 3k+4
1 1
{3k+2}{3k+4}<{3k+3}@ + >
3k+2 3k+4
2k+3 2k+1
? >?
1 1 1
+[ + ]- >1
m=1 k+1+m m=1 k+m 3k+3
! @
n=k+1
n
a f{k} g{k}
?
5
a
k=1 `f{k}-g{k}
211
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1.0 .0000 .0043 .0086 .0128 .0170 .0212 .0253 .0294 .0334 .0374
1.1 .0414 .0453 .0492 .0531 .0569 .0607 .0645 .0682 .0719 .0755
1.2 .0792 .0828 .0864 .0899 .0934 .0969 .1004 .1038 .1072 .1106
1.3 .1139 .1173 .1206 .1239 .1271 .1303 .1335 .1367 .1399 .1430
1.4 .1461 .1492 .1523 .1553 .1584 .1614 .1644 .1673 .1703 .1732
1.5 .1761 .1790 .1818 .1847 .1875 .1903 .1931 .1959 .1987 .2014
1.6 .2041 .2068 .2095 .2122 .2148 .2175 .2201 .2227 .2253 .2279
1.7 .2304 .2330 .2355 .2380 .2405 .2430 .2455 .2480 .2504 .2529
1.8 .2553 .2577 .2601 .2625 .2648 .2672 .2695 .2718 .2742 .2765
1.9 .2788 .2810 .2833 .2856 .2878 .2900 .2923 .2945 .2967 .2989
2.0 .3010 .3032 .3054 .3075 .3096 .3118 .3139 .3160 .3181 .3201
2.1 .3222 .3243 .3263 .3284 .3304 .3324 .3345 .3365 .3385 .3404
2.2 .3424 .3444 .3464 .3483 .3502 .3522 .3541 .3560 .3579 .3598
2.3 .3617 .3636 .3655 .3674 .3692 .3711 .3729 .3747 .3766 .3784
2.4 .3802 .3820 .3838 .3856 .3874 .3892 .3909 .3927 .3945 .3962
2.5 .3979 .3997 .4014 .4031 .4048 .4065 .4082 .4099 .4116 .4133
2.6 .4150 .4166 .4183 .4200 .4216 .4232 .4249 .4265 .4281 .4298
2.7 .4314 .4330 .4346 .4362 .4378 .4393 .4409 .4425 .4440 .4456
2.8 .4472 .4487 .4502 .4518 .4533 .4548 .4564 .4579 .4594 .4609
2.9 .4624 .4639 .4654 .4669 .4683 .4698 .4713 .4728 .4742 .4757
3.0 .4771 .4786 .4800 .4814 .4829 .4843 .4857 .4871 .4886 .4900
3.1 .4914 .4928 .4942 .4955 .4969 .4983 .4997 .5011 .5024 .5038
3.2 .5051 .5065 .5079 .5092 .5105 .5119 .5132 .5145 .5159 .5172
3.3 .5185 .5198 .5211 .5224 .5237 .5250 .5263 .5276 .5289 .5302
3.4 .5315 .5328 .5340 .5353 .5366 .5378 .5391 .5403 .5416 .5428
3.5 .5441 .5453 .5465 .5478 .5490 .5502 .5514 .5527 .5539 .5551
3.6 .5563 .5575 .5587 .5599 .5611 .5623 .5635 .5647 .5658 .5670
3.7 .5682 .5694 .5705 .5717 .5729 .5740 .5752 .5763 .5775 .5786
3.8 .5798 .5809 .5821 .5832 .5843 .5855 .5866 .5877 .5888 .5899
3.9 .5911 .5922 .5933 .5944 .5955 .5966 .5977 .5988 .5999 .6010
4.0 .6021 .6031 .6042 .6053 .6064 .6075 .6085 .6096 .6107 .6117
4.1 .6128 .6138 .6149 .6160 .6170 .6180 .6191 .6201 .6212 .6222
4.2 .6232 .6243 .6253 .6263 .6274 .6284 .6294 .6304 .6314 .6325
4.3 .6335 .6345 .6355 .6365 .6375 .6385 .6395 .6405 .6415 .6425
4.4 .6435 .6444 .6454 .6464 .6474 .6484 .6493 .6503 .6513 .6522
4.5 .6532 .6542 .6551 .6561 .6571 .6580 .6590 .6599 .6609 .6618
4.6 .6628 .6637 .6646 .6656 .6665 .6675 .6684 .6693 .6702 .6712
4.7 .6721 .6730 .6739 .6749 .6758 .6767 .6776 .6785 .6794 .6803
4.8 .6812 .6821 .6830 .6839 .6848 .6857 .6866 .6875 .6884 .6893
4.9 .6902 .6911 .6920 .6928 .6937 .6946 .6955 .6964 .6972 .6981
5.0 .6990 .6998 .7007 .7016 .7024 .7033 .7042 .7050 .7059 .7067
5.1 .7076 .7084 .7093 .7101 .7110 .7118 .7126 .7135 .7143 .7152
5.2 .7160 .7168 .7177 .7185 .7193 .7202 .7210 .7218 .7226 .7235
5.3 .7243 .7251 .7259 .7267 .7275 .7284 .7292 .7300 .7308 .7316
5.4 .7324 .7332 .7340 .7348 .7356 .7364 .7372 .7380 .7388 .7396
212
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
5.5 .7404 .7412 .7419 .7427 .7435 .7443 .7451 .7459 .7466 .7474
5.6 .7482 .7490 .7497 .7505 .7513 .7520 .7528 .7536 .7543 .7551
5.7 .7559 .7566 .7574 .7582 .7589 .7597 .7604 .7612 .7619 .7627
5.8 .7634 .7642 .7649 .7657 .7664 .7672 .7679 .7686 .7694 .7701
5.9 .7709 .7716 .7723 .7731 .7738 .7745 .7752 .7760 .7767 .7774
6.0 .7782 .7789 .7796 .7803 .7810 .7818 .7825 .7832 .7839 .7846
6.1 .7853 .7860 .7868 .7875 .7882 .7889 .7896 .7903 .7910 .7917
6.2 .7924 .7931 .7938 .7945 .7952 .7959 .7966 .7973 .7980 .7987
6.3 .7993 .8000 .8007 .8014 .8021 .8028 .8035 .8041 .8048 .8055
6.4 .8062 .8069 .8075 .8082 .8089 .8096 .8102 .8109 .8116 .8122
6.5 .8129 .8136 .8142 .8149 .8156 .8162 .8169 .8176 .8182 .8189
6.6 .8195 .8202 .8209 .8215 .8222 .8228 .8235 .8241 .8248 .8254
6.7 .8261 .8267 .8274 .8280 .8287 .8293 .8299 .8306 .8312 .8319
6.8 .8325 .8331 .8338 .8344 .8351 .8357 .8363 .8370 .8376 .8382
6.9 .8388 .8395 .8401 .8407 .8414 .8420 .8426 .8432 .8439 .8445
7.0 .8451 .8457 .8463 .8470 .8476 .8482 .8488 .8494 .8500 .8506
7.1 .8513 .8519 .8525 .8531 .8537 .8543 .8549 .8555 .8561 .8567
7.2 .8573 .8579 .8585 .8591 .8597 .8603 .8609 .8615 .8621 .8627
7.3 .8633 .8639 .8645 .8651 .8657 .8663 .8669 .8675 .8681 .8686
7.4 .8692 .8698 .8704 .8710 .8716 .8722 .8727 .8733 .8739 .8745
7.5 .8751 .8756 .8762 .8768 .8774 .8779 .8785 .8791 .8797 .8802
7.6 .8808 .8814 .8820 .8825 .8831 .8837 .8842 .8848 .8854 .8859
7.7 .8865 .8871 .8876 .8882 .8887 .8893 .8899 .8904 .8910 .8915
7.8 .8921 .8927 .8932 .8938 .8943 .8949 .8954 .8960 .8965 .8971
7.9 .8976 .8982 .8987 .8993 .8998 .9004 .9009 .9015 .9020 .9025
8.0 .9031 .9036 .9042 .9047 .9053 .9058 .9063 .9069 .9074 .9079
8.1 .9085 .9090 .9096 .9101 .9106 .9112 .9117 .9122 .9128 .9133
8.2 .9138 .9143 .9149 .9154 .9159 .9165 .9170 .9175 .9180 .9186
8.3 .9191 .9196 .9201 .9206 .9212 .9217 .9222 .9227 .9232 .9238
8.4 .9243 .9248 .9253 .9258 .9263 .9269 .9274 .9279 .9284 .9289
8.5 .9294 .9299 .9304 .9309 .9315 .9320 .9325 .9330 .9335 .9340
8.6 .9345 .9350 .9355 .9360 .9365 .9370 .9375 .9380 .9385 .9390
8.7 .9395 .9400 .9405 .9410 .9415 .9420 .9425 .9430 .9435 .9440
8.8 .9445 .9450 .9455 .9460 .9465 .9469 .9474 .9479 .9484 .9489
8.9 .9494 .9499 .9504 .9509 .9513 .9518 .9523 .9528 .9533 .9538
9.0 .9542 .9547 .9552 .9557 .9562 .9566 .9571 .9576 .9581 .9586
9.1 .9590 .9595 .9600 .9605 .9609 .9614 .9619 .9624 .9628 .9633
9.2 .9638 .9643 .9647 .9652 .9657 .9661 .9666 .9671 .9675 .9680
9.3 .9685 .9689 .9694 .9699 .9703 .9708 .9713 .9717 .9722 .9727
9.4 .9731 .9736 .9741 .9745 .9750 .9754 .9759 .9763 .9768 .9773
9.5 .9777 .9782 .9786 .9791 .9795 .9800 .9805 .9809 .9814 .9818
9.6 .9823 .9827 .9832 .9836 .9841 .9845 .9850 .9854 .9859 .9863
9.7 .9868 .9872 .9877 .9881 .9886 .9890 .9894 .9899 .9903 .9908
9.8 .9912 .9917 .9921 .9926 .9930 .9934 .9939 .9943 .9948 .9952
9.9 .9956 .9961 .9965 .9969 .9974 .9978 .9983 .9987 .9991 .9996
213
h sin h cos h tan h h sin h cos h tan h
0! 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 45! 0.7071 0.7071 1.0000
1! 0.0175 0.9998 0.0175 46! 0.7193 0.6947 1.0355
2! 0.0349 0.9994 0.0349 47! 0.7314 0.6820 1.0724
3! 0.0523 0.9986 0.0524 48! 0.7431 0.6691 1.1106
4! 0.0698 0.9976 0.0699 49! 0.7547 0.6561 1.1504
5! 0.0872 0.9962 0.0875 50! 0.7660 0.6428 1.1918
6! 0.1045 0.9945 0.1051 51! 0.7771 0.6293 1.2349
7! 0.1219 0.9925 0.1228 52! 0.7880 0.6157 1.2799
8! 0.1392 0.9903 0.1405 53! 0.7986 0.6018 1.3270
9! 0.1564 0.9877 0.1584 54! 0.8090 0.5878 1.3764
10! 0.1736 0.9848 0.1763 55! 0.8192 0.5736 1.4281
11! 0.1908 0.9816 0.1944 56! 0.8290 0.5592 1.4826
12! 0.2079 0.9781 0.2126 57! 0.8387 0.5446 1.5399
13! 0.2250 0.9744 0.2309 58! 0.8480 0.5299 1.6003
14! 0.2419 0.9703 0.2493 59! 0.8572 0.5150 1.6643
15! 0.2588 0.9659 0.2679 60! 0.8660 0.5000 1.7321
16! 0.2756 0.9613 0.2867 61! 0.8746 0.4848 1.8040
17! 0.2924 0.9563 0.3057 62! 0.8829 0.4695 1.8807
18! 0.3090 0.9511 0.3249 63! 0.8910 0.4540 1.9626
19! 0.3256 0.9455 0.3443 64! 0.8988 0.4384 2.0503
20! 0.3420 0.9397 0.3640 65! 0.9063 0.4226 2.1445
21! 0.3584 0.9336 0.3839 66! 0.9135 0.4067 2.2460

22! 0.3746 0.9272 0.4040 67! 0.9205 0.3907 2.3559
23! 0.3907 0.9205 0.4245 68! 0.9272 0.3746 2.4751
24! 0.4067 0.9135 0.4452 69! 0.9336 0.3584 2.6051
25! 0.4226 0.9063 0.4663 70! 0.9397 0.3420 2.7475
26! 0.4384 0.8988 0.4877 71! 0.9455 0.3256 2.9042

27! 0.4540 0.8910 0.5095 72! 0.9511 0.3090 3.0777
28! 0.4695 0.8829 0.5317 73! 0.9563 0.2924 3.2709
29! 0.4848 0.8746 0.5543 74! 0.9613 0.2756 3.4874
30! 0.5000 0.8660 0.5774 75! 0.9659 0.2588 3.7321
31! 0.5150 0.8572 0.6009 76! 0.9703 0.2419 4.0108

32! 0.5299 0.8480 0.6249 77! 0.9744 0.2250 4.3315
33! 0.5446 0.8387 0.6494 78! 0.9781 0.2079 4.7046
34! 0.5592 0.8290 0.6745 79! 0.9816 0.1908 5.1446
35! 0.5736 0.8192 0.7002 80! 0.9848 0.1736 5.6713
36! 0.5878 0.8090 0.7265 81! 0.9877 0.1564 6.3138

37! 0.6018 0.7986 0.7536 82! 0.9903 0.1392 7.1154
38! 0.6157 0.7880 0.7813 83! 0.9925 0.1219 8.1443
39! 0.6293 0.7771 0.8098 84! 0.9945 0.1045 9.5144
40! 0.6428 0.7660 0.8391 85! 0.9962 0.0872 11.4301
41! 0.6561 0.7547 0.8693 86! 0.9976 0.0698 14.3007
42! 0.6691 0.7431 0.9004 87! 0.9986 0.0523 19.0811
43! 0.6820 0.7314 0.9325 88! 0.9994 0.0349 28.6363
44! 0.6947 0.7193 0.9657 89! 0.9998 0.0175 57.2900
45! 0.7071 0.7071 1.0000 90! 1.0000 0.0000
214
Memo
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I

y=aX {a>0 a=1} p

aX=p y=aX y=p x

2 -1<x<1 y=a4X-2X"!+2 {a>0, a=1} 4 a log2 10-log2 5

f{mn}=f{m}f{n} 4 log 1717

@ a=0 Nj0 k=0

M1Njak 2=MNjakk NP1aMP 2=N1aM 2

{Njak }N=a {Njbk }N=b

Njak Njbk =Njabk SG {Njak Njbk}N={Njak}N{Njbk}N=ab

Njak Njak N {Njak }N a

{Njak }M=NjaMk 9{Njak }M0N={Njak }MN=9{Njak }N0M=aM

M4Nja k 6=MNjak {M1Njak 2}MN=9{M1Njak 2 }M0N={Njak }N=a

NPjaMPk=NjaMk SG {NPjaMPk}N={N1PjaMPk 3 }N=PjaMPk={PjaMk }P=aM

Nja k Njak, -Njak

Njak Njbk=Njab k $j3\$j27k-$j16k=$j3\27k-$j16k

{Nja}M=NjaM l M1Njak 2=MNjak {#j5}%_#j25k+#1j64k 2=#15%2_#15@2+^j64k

Nja k #jx k jx k \ %jx k = %4#jx k 5 \ #4jx k 5 \ 4%jx k 5

M1Nja k 2=MNjak !%jx k ^jx k !)jx k

SG {aR}S={a n } q =Qq{a n }Pe=Q4{N1aM2}P6=Q4N1aMP2 5=NQ1aMP2=a nq =a n

{ab}R=aRbR SG {ab}R={ab} =N1{ab}M3=N1aMbM3=N1aM2 N1bM2=a b =aRbR

Talk 2! -2# 2# 2! -2# 2#

72 #42 $j2 6 9=92\{2\2 } 0 =92\{2 } 0

7a #4a@\$1a^ 2 6 9=$1aK 2 ^ja k #1a$ 2

a@X aX-a_X {aX-a_X}aX

972X=8, 243Y=16 x#-y$

2X=4Y=8Z x!+y!-z! xyz=0

2X=4Y=8Z=k {k>0} xyz=0 k=1

73X=9, 219Y=27 x@-y#

07 1 a b c 2A=3# 3B=5$ abc=60 5C

08 !@j6 *j3 ^j2

08 1 #4j65 #j2 $4#j12k 6 a a^

A=4 #j2+2j3, B=3 #j2+3j3, C=2 #j2+4j3

7 5+2j6 5+4j3 5+4j6 49

10 A=42`#j3 6 B=#42j3 6 C=#43j2 6

A<B<C B<A<C B<C<A C<A<B C<B<A

4 1 a, b aX=bY=5Z x!+y!=z@ ab xyz=0

a<b<c b=c<a a=b=c c<b<a a=c<b

a>0 a=1 N>0 aX=N hjjk x=loga`N

5@=25 hjjk 2=log5 25, log3 =-3 hjjk 3_#=

a>0 a=1 M>0 N>0

log1 1=0, log1 1=1 SG 1

loga {M+N}=loga M+loga N

a=1 N=1 x 1X=1 x=log1 1

x aX a>0 0X=7 {-2}Y=7

log2j3 144=a log9 a=0.5

01 1 log2 {loga 2}=-3 log2 9log3 {log2 b}0=0 a b bA

01 2 x+2y=3 2x+{log3 a}y=5 a

log3 j54k-log3 4!-2! log3 96=log3 3j6-log3 4_!-log3 j96k

log2 j2+log2 j2 =3 log2 3 + log2 2 +log2 j2-log2 3

03 2 x y z log3 x+log3 2y+log3 3z=1 9{81X}Y0Z

log10 24 log10 #j12k

2 3 log10 24=log10 {2#\3}

04 log3 2=a log3 5=b a b

04 1 log10 15=a log10

04 2 5A=8, 5B=9 log5 6 a, b

loga 1=0 loga a=1

loga b=x logc a=y aX=b cY=a b=aX={cY}X=cXY

log2 3$\log3 j5\log5 j2 log2{log3 2\log4 3}