RESEARCH SKILLS 1 ALL Q’S

OPEN QUESTIONS

1) Ethics of the research requires informing the study participants about

objectives and content of study in a way that they can understand, and thus
this achievement so called Informed Consent

2) Research Method used to discover new drugs is called Treatment Clinical Trials

3) Clinical Trial are conducted to collect and compare date between two groups,
namely Experimental Group & Control Group

4) Benefits of participating in clinical trials are Early access to new treatments

,Active role in own health care, Participation in advancing medical knowledge

5) What Type of Study should be conducted to test the hypothesis and propose an
explanation for phenomenon and why Experiment/Experimental Study?
Phenomenology? Qualitative Research?

6) Experimental Studies should use control in order to minimize the effects of other
than the single independent variable, in order to increase a reliability of the results.

7) What is a Placebo and what is it used for – is an artificial treatment that looks like
the real treatment (i.e. sugar pill). In clinical trials it acts as a control factor

8) What kind of event may occur in clinical trial when using placebo? Placebo
Effect.

9) A Randomization in clinical trial is used to Assign subjects and treatments to

groups is based on chance, so all individuals have equal opportunity to be involved
in study , Provides control by chance.

10) The method used in clinical trials to control participants knowledge of whether
they received experimental treatment or not is called Blinding

11) What is the name of the control method in clinical trial when neither patient
nor doctor know if they were given experimental treatment? Double Blinding
 12) Informed Consent is required to Informed consent is a process for getting
permission before conducting a healthcare intervention on a person, or for
disclosing personal information. Informed consent is strictly required for all clinical
trials. A health care provider may ask a patient to consent to receive therapy before
providing it, or a clinical researcher may ask a research participant before enrolling
that person into a clinical trial.

13) A Sampling method in which each member of the population has an equal
chance of being included in sample is called Random Sampling

14) The method by which participants in clinical trial have an equal chance to be
assigned to one of two or more groups either treatment group or control one is
called Randomization

Following are open questions from older versions in case they come up:

71. The tree major branches of science are: 1. ________formal____________, 2.

_______natural__________, 3. _________social_________

72. Common definition of research sounds as follow: “Research is a

___systemic________________ and ________organized ________ process of finding
________answers______ to our _____questions______________.”

73. The approach to research based around numbers is called

______quantitative____________

74. The research that operates with phenomena which is difficult for measure and quantify
is called _______qualitative research______________

75. In medical research the exposure represents _____independent____________ variable,

while outcome represents _____dependent______________ variable.

76. In quantitative research, the process of selecting subjects who are representative of the
population is called ___________sampling___________
77. Research ethics require an achievement of ______________informed consent_
______________ , that means informing people about the research in a way they can
understand

78. One of the types of secondary research is ________systemic review______________

79. In contrast to medicine which is focusing on ___few individuals________________,

public health focuses on _______whole population__________

80. Something that summarizes the entire research article is the

_________abstract__________

81. The research method which is used in discovering of new medicine is called
____________clinical Trials_________________

82. ______retrospective_________ is the study which looks back in time to study

events that have already occurred.

83. The study which looks forward, follows a condition, concern or disease into the
future is called _______prospective__________ study.

84. Focus groups and in-depth interview are methods of

________qualitative______________ research

85. ______applied_________ research aims to improve existing knowledge and

practice

86. The basic methodology used in experimental research design is

______positivism_______________
Some important information for the following questions since I don’t have that
many versions to work with.

• Anything in green is 100% absolutely correct

• Any question marked in blue is something I don’t have a definitive answer

for and therefore answers in red are 100% wrong because people chose
them and answers in yellow next to it are my answers based on ppts and
hopefully the actual option should be exactly the same or simiar

MCQ’S & T/F

V1

Question N1 Cross-sectional studies are not suitable for studying rare diseases or
diseases with a short duration.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N2 Cross-sectional study is important in determining a cause-and-effect
relationships between variables.
Answer:
0
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N3 Cross-sectional study is also known as a prospective study.
Answer:
0
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N4 Cross-sectional studies can be conducted as prospective or a
retrospective studies design.
Answer:
0
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N5 Cross-sectional study is used to determine incidence
Answer:
0
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N6 Cross-sectional study is also known as a survey study
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N17 The benefit of the systematic review is that it is a one-stop shop
summery of the evidence about a research question
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N18 The purpose of a systematic review is to deliver a meticulous
summary of all the available primary research in response to a research question
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N19 Literature search is the essential part of each research process
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N20 Meta-analysis is a type of primary research methods
Answer:
0
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N21 Every systematic review should be based on meta-analysis
Answer:
0
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N22 Meta-analysis is the statistical procedure for combining data from
multiple studies.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N23 Systematic review is a review of scientific literature based on
scientific research methods that is designed to minimize biases and errors inherent
to traditional narrative reviews.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N24 Systematic review is type of observational study
Answer:
0
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N25 Randomized control trials appears at the top of hierarchy of evidence
to make decision on medical practice.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N26 Scientific information should not be freely transmitted between
researchers, since it is private.
Answer:
0
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N27 Evidence – is anything that can be used to prove something
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N28 Validity is an indication of the quality of your research, meaning how
well the method, technique or test you used measures something.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N29 If the research findings can be repeated sequentially, they are
reliable.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N30 Measurement is essential characteristic of all types of quantitative
research, including survey study.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N31 Measurement means the estimation regarding the properties of any
variable.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N32 Reliability is an indication of the quality of the research, namely the
degree conformity of measurement.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N33 All research, whether formal or informal, begins with a basic question
or proposition about a specific phenomenon
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N34 Case series are collection of different case reports of different
patients, with the different diseases, or conditions, or syndrome.
Answer:
0
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N35 Case study is type of qualitative research, resulting in a narrative
description of behavior or experience.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N36 When writing a research paper you need to, among others things,
understand your audience.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N37 The purpose of case study is to provide information that may be used
to form a hypothesis for future research.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N38 Research paper is the best way to present research results
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N39 Writing a thesis will help you remember what you have learned and
understand it on a deeper level.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N40 When writing a research paper, you need to understand your
audience and create a research paper outline
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N41 The success of an oral presentation depends on:
Answer:
All of the above
Point: 0.25
Question N42 Which of the following is a characteristic of good oral presentation:
Answer:
All of the above
Point: 0.25
Question N43 Which of the following is more suitable for the presentation of
scientific research work:
Answer:
All of the above
Point: 0.25
Question N44 Qualitative research is mainly used in
Answer:
Social Research
Point: 0.25
Question N45 Qualitative researchers seek to gain a depth understanding
Answer:
Of human behavior
Point: 0.25
Question N46 Qualitative research question format is mostly
Answer:
Open-ended
Point: 0.25
Question N47 Qualitative research seeks to
Answer:
To explore phenomena
Point: 0.25
Question N48 Extraneous variable in the study is
Answer:
Unwanted Variable
Point: 0.25
Question N49 In case of random sampling
Answer:
Each member has an equal chance to be selected
Point: 0.25
Question N50 In case of convenience sampling
Answer:
Whoever is Available
Point: 0.25
Question N51 Confounding variable is
Answer:
An outside influence that changes the effect of a both dependent and independent
variable
Point: 0.25
Question N52 In which studies is used quantitative research?
Answer:
In experimental studies, as well as analytical studies and some kind of descriptive
studies and survey studies
Point: 0.25
Question N53 Research setting reflects
Answer:
The research design
Point: 0.25
Question N54 Reliability in the research is
Answer:
A degree of consistency of a measure
Point: 0.25
Question N55 What is search and what is research?
Answer:
Search means looking for something, and research is looking into something.
Point: 0.25
Question N56 Medical research
Answer:
Lowers Costs by advancing treatments
Point: 0.25
Question N57 Cohort study is
Answer:
An observational study
Point: 0.25
Question N58 Case-control studies choose subjects
Answer:
Based on disease status, control groups and quantitative data
Point: 0.25
Question N59 Study population in cross-sectional studies could be
Answer:
Population of a city as well as population of certain subgroups and population with
certain health problem
Point: 0.25
Question N60 In the cross-sectional study all data is collected
Answer:
By multiple subjects at the one point of period of time that give us the ability to get
a “cross-section of a study population’
Point: 0.25
Question N61 Communication of the Research is?
Answer:
Final Step of Research Process
Point: 0.25
Question N62 Depending on the data collecting to be collected there are following
researches
Answer:
Quantitative and qualitative research
Point: 0.25
Question N63 What is an evidence?
Answer:
Anything that can be used to prove something
Point: 0.25
Question N64 What is the main aspect from quantitative methodology
Answer:
Everything is quantifiable and measurable
Point: 0.25
Question N65 What can be used to present how common a disease is among the
population?
Answer:
Percentage of the diseased people
Point: 0.25
Question N66 What type of data are used in qualitative research?
Answer:
Non-numerical
Point: 0.25
Question N67 Which one is not the example of nominal data?
Answer:
Weight
Point: 0.25
Question N68 The basic researcher’s skills do not include
Answer:
Paper editing skills
Point: 0.25

Question N69 To prove your possible theory on observed phenomena you need to
find out:
Answer:
Appropriate evidence
Point: 0.25
Question N70 The goal of quantitative research is.
Answer:
to quantify the phenomena studied, to understand the relationship between
variables and to determine the cause and effects in research
Point: 0.25
Question N71 What are main types of research?
Answer:
Descriptive, observational, analytical
Point: 0.25
Question N72 The questions for selecting of cases would include
Answer:
All above
Point: 0.25
Question N73 Is this statement correct: the number of cases and controls should
be the same?
Answer:
It depends on study design
Point: 0.25
Question N74 Which statement is correct?
Answer:
Research data can have non-digital format
 Point: 0.25
Question N75 Which is the first step of research process?
Answer:
Select the problem
Point: 0.25
Question N76 What is hypothesis?
Answer:
NOT All above
NOT is a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of expanded
evidence as a ending point for further investigation
idea of explanation that you then test through study and experimentation.
Point: 0.0
Question N77 How is the control group comprised?
Answer:
From the same population as cases
Point: 0.0
Question N78 What does measurement mean?
Answer:
Assignment of a number (numerical Value) to a characteristic of an object or event
to make comparison with other objects or events
Point: 0.25
Question N79 In evidence-based medicine, what does "evidence" refer to?
Answer:
Anything that can be used to prove something
Point: 0.25
Question N80 When researchers have a proposed explanation for a phenomenon,
what is the recommended approach?
Answer:
Formulate a hypothesis and conduct a study to test it
Point: 0.25

V2

All Questions repeated from version 1 (no it was not the same
version I checked it had different answers)

V3

Question N1 Cross sectional studies are retrospective by nature.

Answer:
0
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N41 The pyramid of evidence in research is used to
Answer:
Rank sources of information based on quality
Point: 0.25
Question N42 In writing a research paper, the abstract is important because it
Answer:
Provides a concise summary of the paper
Point: 0.25
Question N43 The scientific method is important for medical doctors’ personal and
professional development because it:
Answer:
All of the above
Point: 0.25
Question N44 Basic research primarily aims to:
Answer:
Increase understanding of fundamental principles
Point: 0.25
Question N45 A key difference between observational and experimental studies is
Answer:
The presence or absence of manipulation by the researcher

Point: 0.25
Question N46 Descriptive research methods are used to:
Answer:
Describe characteristics of a population
Point: 0.25
Question N47 In research methodology, sampling is important because it
Answer:
Ensures the representativeness of the population studied
Point: 0.25
Question N48 The main purpose of a control group in research is to
Answer:
Provide a standard for comparison
Point: 0.25
Question N49 Variables in research are:
Answer:
Factors that can vary or be changed
Point: 0.25
Question N50 The main goal of ethical principles in experimental studies is to
Answer:
Protect the rights and well-being of participants
Point: 0.25
Question N51 A literature review is important in research because it
Answer:
All of the above
Point: 0.25
Question N52 In research, evidence of a causal relationship is important because it:
Answer:
Proves one variable causes change in another
Point: 0.25
Question N53 The most important difference between a cohort study and a case-
control study is
Answer:
The research objectives
Point: 0.25
Question N54 The primary purpose of a meta-analysis is to:
Answer:
Analyze existing data from multiple studies
Point: 0.25
Question N55 A research hypothesis is:
Answer:
An assumed possible relationship between variables
Point: 0.25
Question N56 In research, a purpose statement is used to
Answer:
Define the research objectives
Point: 0.25

V4

Question N5 Findings of cross-sectional studies can be used as

baseline for a cohort study, since they provide a quick look at the
relationships between exposure and outcome.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001

Question N6 Cross-sectional study that can provide multiple

information about a whole population, may also be described as
census.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001

Question N73 What is the main goal of phenomenology in research?

Answer:
To understand individual experiences and describe a universal essence
Point: 0.25
Question N74 What does incidence refer to in medical research?
Answer:
Occurrence of new cases of disease
Point: 0.25
Question N75 What is an advantage of case-control studies?
Answer:
Severity of disease
Point: 0.25
Question N76 What do methods involve in the context of research?
Answer:
Strategies, processes, or techniques for data collection
Point: 0.25
Question N77 What distinguishes Grounded Theory from other research
methodologies?
Answer:
It Involves the inductive approach,building theories from specific data
samples
Point: 0.25
Question N78 What does ethnography emphasize in its study of human
societies?
Answer:
Understanding from the standpoint of social relations
Point: 0.25
Question N79 What is the primary objective of fundamental research?
Answer:
To obtain new knowledge on the basics of observable phenomena
Point: 0.25
Question N80 What distinguishes applied research from fundamental
research?
 Answer:
Applied research provides solutions for real-life problems.
Point: 0.25

V5

Question N3 Cross-sectional study is also known as prevalence study.

Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N4 Findings of cross-sectional studies can be used as baseline for a cohort
study, since they provide a quick look at the relationships between exposure and outcome.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N5 Cross-sectional study that can provide multiple information about a whole
population, may also be described as census.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N6 Survey is a type of qualitative research that presents a textual characteristics
of population.
Answer:
0
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N49 What does rigor in quantitative research involve?
Answer:
Controlling for extraneous variables
Point: 0.25
Question N50 Which advantage is associated with focus groups?
Answer:
Flexibility to make changes in process and questions
Point: 0.25
Question N51 What are the common steps in the data analysis process?
Answer:
Evaluation, cleaning, summarizing / generalization
Point: 0.25
Question N52 What is a common characteristic of articles in popular magazines or
newspapers?
Answer:
NOT Written by researchers and subject experts
NOT approved through peer review
Point: 0.0
Question N53 What is the primary role of research in medicine?
Answer:
All of the above
Point: 0.25
Question N54 The goal of research is to move from
Answer:
Theory to Evidence
Point: 0.25
Question N55 Which of these is a type of secondary research?
Answer:
Literature reviews
Point: 0.25
Question N56 In quantitative research, what is used to measure variables?
Answer:
Scale that uses numbers
Point: 0.25
Question N57 Which is a characteristic of qualitative research?
Answer:
Subject Interpretation
Point: 0.25
Question N59 What type of instrument is commonly used for data collection in research?
Answer:
Surveys and questionnaires
Point: 0.25
Question N60 What is a primary goal of cohort studies?
Answer:
Observing group characteristics over time
Point: 0.25
Question N61 Which of the following is Not a rule for selecting the subjects for Control
group in a Case-Control Study:
Answer:
NOT Persons included in control groups should not be in good health
Don’t have answer so from ppt
• Persons included in control groups (controls) need not be in good health -
inclusion of sick people is sometimes appropriate, as the control group should
represent those at risk of becoming a case.
• Controls should come from the same population as the cases, and their selection
should be independent of the exposures of interest. Greater numbers in the study
will increase the power of the study.
• Numbers of cases and controls do not have to be equal. In many situations, it is
much easier to recruit controls than to find cases. Increasing the number of
controls above the number of cases, up to a ratio of about 4 to 1, may be a cost-
effective way to improve the study.
Point: 0.0
Question N62 Cross-sectional studies are used to
Answer:
Examine a population at a single point in time
Point: 0.25
Question N63 What is a key feature of randomized control trials?
Answer:
Random assignment of participants
Point: 0.25
Question N64 A systematic review differs from a literature review in that it
Answer:
Follows a more structured methodology
Point: 0.25
Question N65 What is an essential element of a research paper?
Answer:
All of the above
Point: 0.25
Question N66 Effective public presentation of a research paper requires:
Answer:
Strong verbal and non-verbal communication skills
Point: 0.25

V6

Question N4 Cross-sectional study is used in the areas of medical practice as an

instrument for a needs assessment.
Answer:
1
Point: 0.20000000000000001
Question N5 Participants in cross-sectional study are selected based on exposure status.
Answer:
0
Point: 0.20000000000000001