DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.

Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City

Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

GE ELEC
LIVING IN IT ERA

S.Y 2020 – 2021

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

Week 1 - 3

Unit 1: Introduction to Information and Communications Technology

(ICT)
Topic: Information and Communications Technology: An Overview

Learning Outcomes:
1. Define ICT; and
2. Trace the evolution of technology, particularly computers
3. Identify the different parts of the computer system, and
categorize the different computer peripherals;
4. Assess why computers are considered powerful thinking
machines;
5. Explain the role of technology in media and how it affects
communication; and
6. Recognize the current trends in information technology.

Concept Digest (Discussion)

What is ICT?
Have you ever seen
anyone in your school or
community or home use a
phone? Have you ever
withdrawn money from an ATM
(Automated Teller Machines,
also known as 'Any time
money'), or seen someone get
money from an ATM? You may
have seen or helped someone
book a gas cylinder refill
through a phone. You may
perhaps have booked a train
ticket or booked Tirumala
darshan on-line. You may have seen a movie on your computer or
chatted with a friend or recorded a video with your phone. Have
you ever wondered how these things are done? There is one thing
that is common across all these things - the use of Information
Communication Technologies, ICT.

ICT refers to those

set of technologies
that help us create
information, access
information, analyze
information and
communicate with each
other. Human beings
have always accessed
information and
communicated, but
what makes these
present technologies
special is their

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

digital nature. You can read more about how ICT developed in the
chapter on Science, Technology and Society.

Figure 1.1 ICT Hierarchy by Colrain Zuppo

IT versus ICT
IT - Information Technology
refers to an entire industry
that uses computers,
networking, software and
other equipment to manage
information. Generally, IT
departments are responsible
for storing, processing,
retrieving and protecting
digital information of the
company. For achieving these
tasks, they are equipped with computers, DBMS, servers and security
mechanisms, etc. Professionals working in IT departments range
from system administrators, database administrators to
programmers, network engineers and IT managers.

ICT – made up of three words which is Information Communications

Technology can be seen as an
integration of IT with
mediation broadcasting
technologies, audio/ video
processing and transmission
and telephony. Therefore,
ICT can be seen as an
extended acronym for IT. The
term ICT is widely used in
the context of education,
whereas IT is a term widely
used in the industry. In
addition, ICT is also used
to refer to the integration
of telephone and audio/
visual networks with
computer networks.

Breakdown of ICT
Information – refers to the knowledge obtain from reading,
investigation, study, or research.

Communication – it is a process in which information is exchanged

between individual through verbal and non-verbal.

Technology – has made communication easier and faster through

telephones, fax machines, mobile devices and internet. It has also
made broadcasting information, such as news or weather reports.

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY

The evolution of technology always depended on one thing: the human

rationale Humans tend to think of ways on how to discharge tasks
or workload, or do daily activities easily.

The concept of technology always starts with the basic tool.

By combining a set of tools, people have come up with machines
that can do the tasks faster and more efficiently. Another type of
machine that is consider that is considered a necessity is the
computer. Computer is an electronic device, operating under the
control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept
data, manipulate the data according to specified rules. Most
machines, including computers have evolved through the process of
automation.

Automation – is defined as “the techniques of making an apparatus,

a process, or a system operated automatically.
• Includes broad range of technologies normally connecting
computer systems.
• Can reduce the instances of errors, which are usually cause
by human based decision and comprehension.

History of Computers

• Computers have taken a major role in the last three decades.

• Computers have evolved base on the types of components used
in the design.
• Researchers have identified five generations based on design.
These generations of computers are briefly defines as (Pepito
2002).

First-generation Computer (1946-1959)

Electronic Numeric Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC)
• Was developed in 1946 designed by J. Presper Eckert & John W.
Mauchly from University of Pennsylvania.
• A modular computer, composed of several panels capable of
performing different functions
• It could store only limited or small amount of information.

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

• Only do arithmetic operations such as addition and

subtraction of up to 10 digits.

Second-generations Computer (1959-1965)

Transistor
• Was used as the interior sections of the computer.
• Were much smaller, faster, and more dependable than the first
generation computer
• Generated less heat and consumed less electricity but were
still very costly.

Third-generation Computer (1965-1971)

Integrated Circuit (IC)
• Was invented by Jack Kilby in 1965.
• Used instead of transistor as the interior section to build
the computer.
• Remote processing, time-sharing, and multiprogramming
operating system were used.

Fourth-generation Computer (1971-1980)

Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI)
• Have about 5,000 transistors and other circuit elements with
their connected circuit on a single chip known as the
microprocessor.
• Became more powerful, dense, reliable, and inexpensive.
• Other apps. Of this microprocessor tech. can be used and
applied for pocket calculators, television sets, and video
appliances

Fifth-generations Computer (1980- onwards)

Ultra Large-scale Integration (ULSI)
• Having 10 million electronic components
• Evolves computer intelligent which is associated with
artificial intelligence (AI).
• Natural language and expert system that interpret the means
and practices that think like a human being.

Components of a Computer

The Components of a Personal Computer

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Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

The hardware components of a computer system are the

electronic and mechanical parts. The software components of
a computer system are the data and the computer programs. For
typical desktop computers, the processor, main memory, secondary
memory, power supply, and supporting hardware are housed in a metal
case.

Input Devices – is a unit containing device that allows you to

enter data into computer. This unit makes link between user
and computer. The input devices translate the information
into the form understandable by computer. Five widely use
input devices are the keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner,
and webcam.

Output Devices – is unit consisting of device that helps us to get

the information from computer. Output device translates the
computer’s output into the form understandable by users.
There are three commonly use output devices: printer,
monitor and speakers.

Storage Devices – Storage is the process of holding data,

instructions, and information for the future use. Storage
media is a device of keeping data, instructions, and
information, Examples are USB flash drives, hard disks,
optical discs, and memory cards.

Communication Devices – a hardware component that enables

computers to send (transmit) and receive data,
instructions, and information to and from one or more
computers or mobile devices. Modem is a widely use
communication device.

The System Unit – is an enclosure that contains the main components

of a computer. There are two main components of the
motherboard. These are the processor and memory.

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

Classifying Computers

The general classifications of computers are follows

• Personal Computers – a small single computer based on
microprocessor

• Workstation – a powerful, single user computer. It is more

likely a personal computer but it has more powerful
microprocessor and higher quality monitor

• Minicomputer – a multi-user computer capable of supporting

from 10 to hundreds of computer simultaneously.

• Mainframe –a multi-user computer capable of supporting from

hundreds or thousands of computer simultaneously

• Supercomputer – extremely fast computer that can perform

millions of transactions per second.

The Different types of computers as follows:

• Desktop Computers – designed to be placed on a desk, and are
normally made of a few different parts.

• Laptop Computers – designed to be placed on a desk, and are

normally made of a few different parts.

• Tablet computers – hand held computers with touch sensitive

screen for typing and navigation

• Wearables – include fitness trackers and smartwatches that

can be worn throughout the day

• Smart TVs –latest televisions sets that include application

presents in computers

Digital Age, Information Age, and Computer Age

• It is a period in human history characterized by the shift
from traditional industry to information technology-based
economy bought by industrialization.
• Also characterized by digital industry creating a knowledge-
based society.

Media in Digital Age

Media normally refers to the means of communication that uses
unique tools to interconnect among people. In digital age, however,
media can be considered as the following:
✓ The Message
✓ The Medium
✓ The Messenger

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

Below is one of the many examples of media tools used especially

by millennia’s to generate content.
• Blog – a discussion or informational website published on
World Wide Web consisting discrete, often informal-diary
style post.

Evolution of Media
Early 15th Century – woodcut printing on cloth was used. It was in
1946 when Johannes Gutenberg started working on a printing
press.
1800’s – the telegraph was developed followed by the telephone
which made two-way communication.
1900’s – broadcasting and recorded media were introduced

Throughout the history, technology and the media of public

communication have traveled paths often intertwined. A
communication device also evolved and became pervasive, so did
information distribution.

Overview of Current Trends

• Technology trends tend to change as time goes by.
• Moore’s Law (1965), technology is bound to upgrade itself
every two years
• Apps turn mobile devices into miniature PCs capable of
browsing the web.
• Smartphones come installed with basic app.
• As of 2017, Google play has approximately 2.8 million apps
available for android users, while Apple’s App store have 2.2
million.
Seven Identified Major Trends in 2017
1. IoT and Smart Home Technology –
2. Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality –
3. Machine Learning –
4. Automation
• Face ID
• All Bionic
• Wireless Charging
• iOs 11
• Augmented Reality
5. Big Data –
6. Physical-digital Integrations
7. Everything on Demand –

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

Impact of ICT on Individuals, Organizations, and Society

• ICT brings both positive and negative effects to individuals,
organizations, and society.
• Improves educations, access to information and security.

Positive Effects Negative Effects

1. Improved access to education. 1. Reduced personal
2. Access to information and interaction and physical
communication activity.
3. Security 2. Job loss or increase in
unemployment.
3. Security

Ethical Issues in ICT

The following are some of the ethical issues in ICT
1. Plagiarism – an act of theft in which person copies another
person’s ideas, words, or writings, etc. and pass them off as
his or her own
2. Exploitation – is an action in which one deals with a person
dishonestly, unethically, and dishonorably, on order to take
advantage of the latter’s works and/or resources.
3. Libel – can either be an insult, slur, or slander
• Software Piracy: refers to an act of installing or
copying a software into the computer in the absence of
an end-user licensing agreement (EULA), and/or producing
a copy disregarding the copyrights.

Chapter Key Points

• With the evolution of technology, people are now living in a
period in which the economy is based on information
computerization. This industry that involves computers,
software, and networking, among others.
• The computer, being the main tool or equipment in IT, has
evolved I many ways from the first-generation computer to the
present fifth-generation computer.
• The power of the computer, coupled with the introduction of
the internet, cannot be underestimated with its speed,
reliability and consistency, accuracy, and ability to handle
communication.
• Communication and information creation and distribution have
developed. Among the major trends is the so-called Internet
of Things (IoT), the expansion and the application of networks
and internet to everyday objects.
• ICT, however, has both positive and negative impacts on
individuals, organizations, and society.

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 DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI

Reference:

Caoili-Tayuan, R. R. (2019) Living in the Information Technology

Era/Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc., 2019
Coyle /J., & Associated Press. (2017, May 26). Is Twitter the new
outlet for the 21st century? Retrieved from
http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=7979891&page=1
Pepito, C. P. (2002). Introduction to computer fundamentals.
Mandaluyong City: National Bookstore.
Selterman,D. (2012, April 16). Science of Relationships. Retrieved
from http://www.scienceofrelationship.com/home/2012/4/16/the-
need-to-belong-part-of-what-makes-us-human.html

https://techterms.com/definition/ict
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-IT-and-ICT
https://www.google.com/search?q=Information+Technology&tbm=isch&

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