910

10
9
TLE
Quarter 3 – Agri-Crop Production
Module 1: Irrigation Equipment

(Adopted from Negros Oriental Division)

T L E– Grade 10-Agri-Crop Production
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Irrigation Equipment
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Printed in the Philippines by Development Team of the

Module
Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Writer: Alberto Salibio
Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Tele
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Abiera Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S.
Rasid Adolf P. Aguilar Elmar L.
Cabrera Nilita R. Ragay, Ed.D.
 10

TLE
Quarter 3 – Agri-Crop Production
Module 1:
Irrigation Equipment
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Technology Livelihood Education Grade 10 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Irrigation Equipment !

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Technology Livelihood Education 10 Alternative Delivery

Mode (ADM) Module on Irrigation Equipment .

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in
What I Need to Know the module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
What I Know lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s In

In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
What’s New song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
What is It and understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
What’s More skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
What I Have Learned
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
What I Can Do skill into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
Assessment

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 competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
Additional Activities the lesson learned.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the nature of Agricultural Crop Production. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

Content Standard
The learner demonstrates an understanding of safety precautions in
preparation of materials and handling of irrigation works.
Performance Standard

The learner practices safety precautions in preparation of materials

and handling of irrigation work for agronomic crop production as stipulated
in the manual.

Learning Competency TLE_AFAC10TW-IIIa-e-1

LO 1. Prepare materials, tools and equipment for irrigation work.

1.1. Identify required materials, tools and equipment according to
lists provided and/or authorit’s instruction.
1.2. Check materials, tools and equipment for insufficient quantity
or fault/defects and report to the authority based on
manufacturer’s lists and pre-operating procedures.

The module has one lesson.

Lesson 1 – Identifying and checking of materials, tools and equipment
needed for irrigation.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define irrigation;
2. Identify the required materials, tools and equipment needed
while doing irrigation activities; and

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 3. Check the materials, tools and equipment for insufficient
quantity or faults.

What I Know

Direction: Read and understand the questions below. Choose the letter of the
best answer and write it on your answer quiz notebook.

1. What equipment in rice production is used to draw water from a

source?
A. Sprayer B. Sprinkler C. Water pail D. Water pump
2. Why do we need to conduct pre-operative check up of tools,
Implements, and equipment before starting to work?
A. To check if the tools are serviceable
B. To determine the functionality of tools and implements
C. To repair defective tools
D. All of the above
3. Which tool is used for cleaning the leaves?
A. Bolo B. Crowbar C. Mattock D. Shovel
4. Below are ways by which irrigation water is lost except one:

A. evaporation B. Percolation C. seepage D. Absorption

5. What tool does NOT belong to the group?
A. Bolo B. Crowbar C. Mattock D. Shovel

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 Identifying and Checking of
Lesson Materials, Tools and
1 Equipment Needed in
Irrigation

What’s In

Using the right matarials, tools and equipment for the specific farm
operation like irrigation makes it easier and more economical.
Always remember to check equipment before operating, this can affect
performance and your safety. A pre-operational check of all the equipment to be
used will assure the user that it is in a safe operating condition.

After knowing th ematerials, farm tools and equipment, continue the

lesson in doing pre-operative check-up of equipment.

Notes to the Teacher

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also ne

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 What’s New

Direction: Make a short report by describing and identifying what type of defect in
tool irrigation it is. Write you answer in your activity note book.

ᐈ Lawn sprinkler stock pictures, Royalty Free lawn sprinkler images | download on Depositphotos®

RUBRICS

9 7 5 3

 The report  The report was  The  The

was written written in an report report
in anextra interesting way. was was not
ordinary written written
way.  Somewhatthe with a clearly.
report is little
 The report informative and interest  The
gives a organized with report
clearstatem the cause  The gives no
ent of the andeffect. report new
student’s gives informati
insight of some on and
cause and new very
effect of informati poorly
the on but organize
incident. poorly d the
organize caused
d wit the and
cause effect
and was not
effect. mention.

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 What Is It

Materils for Irrigation System

Non-Ferrous Metals

Bodies of valves smaller than 2 inches and other small components are often
constructed from cast bronze. Cast bronze is also used for bodies of larger
valves designed for high pressure and for various parts of valve and meter
mechanisms. Brass is used for machined parts such as shafts and spindles.
Brass inserts are used for bearings and threaded connections in cast iron
bodies to reduce friction and avoid corrosion.

Special copper alloys are used for extremely corrosive and erosive
conditions, They are also used for applications that have high velocity. Cast
aluminum is typically only used in components that are portable or where
weight is a serious consideration.

Plastics

There is a wide array of synthetic resins in the forms of polymers,

copolymers, composites, laminates, and coatings. Each of these materials
may have different properties. Plastic materials are less resistant to stress
than metals and tend to lose strength under pressure and elevated
temperatures. They are used for smaller valves and as parts for many
devices such as flowmeter impellers, low-friction bushings, and components
not subjected to stress.

Ferrous Materials

Cast iron pipe is generally used for the bodies of most water meters and
valves larger than 3 inches. Cast iron is also used for other large
components that require economical pricing. For higher pressure
applications and severe working conditions, ductile cast iron, cast alloy, or
other special metals may be used.

Cast iron normally has a very good resistance to corrosive conditions

without any special protection. Coating the bodies with protective paints
such as epoxy resins is a common practice. However, under normal
operating conditions, unprotected cast iron parts normally do not corrode to
the degree which impairs their performance. When exposed to cathodic
materials such as copper, cast iron cost.

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Five irrigation tools that farmers can use to save on their water cost.

Drip Irrigation System

Drip irrigation is one of the most efficient
methods for delivering water to crops with
minimal waste. Currently, it is used on less
than 2 percent of irrigated land in the world
but it can reduce water use by 30 to 70
percent. Although it has a high initial cost,
there are a number of advantages including
reduction of evaporation, reduction of water
consumed by weeds, and irrigation to an exact
root depth of crops.

Water Flow Meters

Water flow meters can accurately
measure how much water is being used to
irrigate so that water use can be precisely
managed and unnecessary watering can
be avoided. Using the flow rate from the
flow meter, the volume of water used to
irrigate for a certain period of time can be
calculated. Monitoring flow rate can also
help farmers discover problems with the irrigation system such as costly
leaks and is one of the easiest irrigation tools to implement.

Soil Sensors

Measuring soil properties

such as moisture can help
farmers determine how
much water is necessary
to keep crops adequately
watered. The ideal
precision agriculture
system includes a sensor
in the soil that is connected to a device that analyzes the data and changes
the flow rate instantaneously. Soil sensors can help farmers understand the
condition of roots to suggest when it is time to irrigate or when the
plant’s thirst is quenched to prevent wasting water, washing nutrients down
the soil, and developing a shallow root pattern.

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Irrigation Management Mobile Apps

Mobile apps that can assist farmers

with irrigation management are
continuously improving.Which allows
users to control and monitor irrigation
equipment from their iPhone or
Android device enabling farmers to
quickly adjust their irrigation based on
changing conditions
Drones

Thermal cameras on drones can be used

to detect leaks and determine if crops are
getting too much or too little water. Although,
the FAA does not currently allow drones for
commercial use, there is a proposal under
review to change the law and farmers can
currently apply for exemptions.

Tools for Irrigation:

Mattock: By far the handiest tool for putting in irrigation systems! A

mattock is a cross between a pick and a shovel. It has a narrow blade like a
trenching shovel but you swing it like a pick. It has a mattock blade on one
side and a pick on the other. A railroad pick is similar to a mattock/pick,
but the blade is narrower than a standard mattock. A mattock digs trenches
twice as fast and twice as easy as a shovel

Trenching Shovel/Spade: This shovel is very similar to the Round Point

shovel only it is narrow – usually only 3 or 4 inches wide so it can fit in
narrow trenches. Most trencher machines create a 4″ wide trench so if you
buy just one I suggest a 4″. A trenching shovel is used to remove loose dirt
from the bottom of trenches dug by a machine or for digging trenches in soft
soil.

PVC Pipe Cutter: This is a handy cutting tool used for cutting PVC pipe and
poly hose. It looks something like a pair of garden shears. It works much

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faster and easier than a saw, and results in a square cut with little or no
burrs.

Tamper Bar, Pry Bar, Digging Bar: These closely related tools all consist of
a heavy steel bar about five feet long. A tamper bar has a head on it similar
to a huge nail head which is used to compact soil. A pry Bar has a point on
the end and is great for loosening rocks. A digging bar has a wide, flattened
point similar to a large chisel. Most bars are a combination of a Pry bar on
one end with a Tamper or Digger on the other.

Riser Extractor: A pipe extractor has a toothed probe that you insert into
the open end of the broken-off pipe. The teeth bite into the pipe allowing you
to twist it out. Riser extractors come in 1/2″ and 3/4″ sizes, you must use
the correct size.

Landscape Rake: A landscape rake is a wide rake, 24″ to 48″ wide, usually
made of aluminum, with teeth on one side of the rake head and a flat
surface on the other. It is used for shaping the ground prior to planting and
removal of small rocks. A landscape rake is essential if you are doing
landscape that involves leveling or creating smooth contours. I use a 36″
rake.

Trencher Machine: Unless you’re planning to install irrigation systems for

a living I wouldn’t suggest running out and buying a trencher. You can
rent one from most rental yards.

Round Point Blade Spade or Shovel: Almost everyone has one of these.
You’ll use it to dig larger holes needed for valves, multiple pipes, etc.

Square Point Blade Shovel: Handy for back-filling trenches and for
scraping mud off of sidewalks.

Broom: Everyone knows what one is and what to use it for.

Work Gloves: A pair of heavy gloves is essential to prevent blisters. If this is

a weekend job you’re likely going to have enough aches the next day, don’t
add blisters to the list.

Disposable Gloves: Disposable gloves can help keep PVC cement off your
hands when assembling pipe. You will need several pairs. When you get glue
on a pair they will stay attached to the next pipe you touch! By the way,
acetone will remove PVC cement from your hands, clothes, car seat, or some
carpet.

Pipe Wrench: If you’re using any steel or brass pipe you will need a couple
of pipe wrenches to assemble it. Do not use wrenches or pliers on PVC
fittings, hand tighten them only!

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Measuring Tape: A measuring tape is needed to lay out the irrigation
system. A 25′ tape works well for most residential systems.

Hack Saw: Used to cut metal pipe and PVC pipe. In tight places you can use
just a hack saw blade. Wrap half the blade with duct tape to make a handle.
I’ve been known to use a bent hacksaw blade to reach into tight places that I
can’t even get my hand into.

Wirecutter Striper: Needed for cutting and stripping insulation off the
control wires.

Screw Drivers: A full set of various sizes of flat blade and Phillips
screwdrivers for all the various size screws on the irrigation equipment.

Sledge Hammer: A long-handle 10 lb. sledge hammer is useful for breaking

chunks of concrete and rocks. Wear safety glasses! A sledge hammer also
makes a great tamper to compact soil in trenches.

Garden Hose: Water is the best tool for settling soil around the pipe in
trenches. You can also use water from a hose to bore under sidewalks and
driveways. You’ll need a long enough hose to reach anywhere you are
digging a trench. Tip: If you’re installing an irrigation system to get rid of
long hoses, it doesn’t make sense to buy a lot of hose just for the installation
work. Many rental yards will rent you a hose, or borrow them from your
neighbors!

Hose Sweeper Nozzle: This non-adjustable type hose nozzle is used as a

boring tool . Attach the nozzle to one end of a length of PVC pipe and a
garden hose to the other. Turn on the water and use the concentrated water
stream from the nozzle to bore a hole under sidewalks, driveways, or large
tree roots. You will need a length of 3/4″ PVC pipe as well as the following
two items for each bore you make.

/4″ PVC pipe to Male Hose Thread Adapter: You need this to attach the
sweeper nozzle above to the pipe to make a boring tool. You glue it onto the
pipe so this is a use it once item. You will need a new one for each
additional bore you do.

3/4″ PVC pipe to Female Garden Hose Adapter: You need this to attach
the garden hose to the 3/4″ pvc pipe to make a boring tool. You glue it onto
the PVC pipe so this is a use it once then cut it off and trash it item. You
will need a new one for each additional bore you do.

Irrigation Equipment

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Side Role = Crop heights up to 30” -Low cost compared to pivots -Not
common east of Mississippi

Drip and Trickle

• Precise application of water to a specific area.

• Excels where irrigating a portion of field is desired.
• Excels where watering only the root is desired or when tool root saturation
of soil is not achieved.

Hand Move

• Full and partial circle options

• Advantage of solid set with option to move field between seasons
• High energy cost, low uniformity

Solid set

•Allow almost immediate and continuous coverage

Linear Move

•Require medium to high psi

•High operating cost Common in fruit and turf production where quick
coverage and frost protection are a benefit.
• Excels at truck crop irrigation. • Flexible irrigation of subsets of field.
• High initial investment per acre on small plots.
• To keep uniform applications run time needs to increase as pressure
decreases
• Operates much the same as center pivot but center point is moved slowly
forward with the rest of system following straight in line.
• Allow coverage of rectangles.
• Water source must move.
• Uniform coverage
• Avoids dry corners
• Researcher best friend
• Recommended when Length 2.5 x > width.
• Increase labor over pivot due to hose move
• In general higher per acre cost than pivot.

Big Gun Travelers

• Typical field layout is 300’ x 1320’ providing about 10 irrigated acres.

•Distance between runs needs to decrease as pressure is reduced by
distance
•Small amount of wind can compromise designed overlap.
• Fairly standard design

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• Flexible for future use in other fields
• Lots of used equipment available
• High pressure requirements
• High energy and labor cost.

Center Pivot

•Size and shape dependent

•Least labor and operating cost
•Most uniform and rain like coverage.
•Economics are size dependent
• Spans lengths 154’ – 184’ common
• Spans lengths - shorter length and spans up to 205’ available, short
obstacle can be spanned.
• Current system can run clockwise and counterclockwise making partial
circle possible.
• May have higher initial cost/acre than many other other

Common Irrigation Defects And Simple Fixes

Broken Sprinkler –Hopefully at a minimum you are inspecting your
irrigation system monthly for broken heads. I recommend inspection after
every mowing. An inspection is quick and easy to do and the result will be
gallons of water saved each time you spot an issue.

Misting – Notice water misting everywhere when you turn the spray head
sprinklers on. This is an issue due to high pressure in almost all occasions.
Most spray heads should operate at 30 psi and most irrigation systems have
higher pressure than 30 psi. You need to regulate the pressure down at the
sprinkler or at the valve. You can purchase pressure reducers or pressure
reducing sprinklers. This is typically easy and inexpensive to do. Often this
is the first and quickest modification to make to an existing system that
provides the quickest return on investment.

Irrigation Running When It’s Raining – These connect wirelessly to your

controller and shut off irrigation at the slightest hint of rain. This will keep
you from getting those sideways looks from neighbors when your irrigation
goes off and it is raining.

Run Off – When water runs off your landscape because you are applying
water too fast a simple fix is to program your controller with multiple start
times. Instead of watering for 9 minutes a day try 3 different start times with
3 minute run times for a total of 9 minutes. Spread these start times out to
allow water to soak in to your landscape. Check to see if your controller has
a cycle and soak feature built in, if it does the cycle and soak feature will
take care of this for you.

Mature Shrub Blocking Irrigation – When this happens it is a clear sign

you need to switch to drip irrigation.You can prune your shrubs back, but

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typically you won’t like the look of the shrub because you will need to trim
so much back. Converting sprays or rotors to drip in this situation will save
water and money and reduce the amount of time you are spending weeding
in areas that receive water but have no plants.

Old Irrigation Controller – Irrigation controllers older than 5 years are not
utilizing current technologyand are wasting water and money. Upgrade your
controller to a new smart controller.

What’s More

Directions: Why is it important to check the faults/ defects of your tools

and equipment in your irrigation system.? Give at least five reasons. Write
your answers in your activity notebook.

What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions briefly. Write your answers in your activity notebook

How does regular check up of tools and equipment in your irrigation system help you?

What are the advantages of having irrigation system in your farm?

Rubr

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 Above Meets Approaching Below

Expectations Expectations Expectations Expectations

4 3 2 1
Reflective The reflection The reflection The reflection The reflection
Thinking Explains the Explains the Attempts to Does not
address the
Student’s own Student’s Demonstrate
student’s
thinking about
Thinking and Thinking thinking
his/her own
learning about learning and/or
learning
processes, as learning
processes. But is vague
well as
and/or
Implications unclear about
for future the personal
learning. learning
process.

Analysis The reflection The reflection The reflection The reflection

does not move
Is an in-depth Is an analysis Attempts to
beyond a
Analysis of the Of the learning Analyze the
descriptive of
learning
Experience Learning the learning
Experiences, experience.
And the value Experience but
the value of
the derived the value
Of the derived
Of the learning
Learning to Learning to
to the student
self or others, self or others
or others is
and the
vague and/or
enhancement
unclear.
Of the
student’s
appreciation

For the
discipline

Making The reflection The reflection The reflection The reflection

Connections
Articulates Articulates attempts to Does not
Articulates articulate any
Multiple Connections
connection to
Connections
Connections Between this other learning
Between this or experiences
Between this Learning
Learning
Learning Experience
Experience
Experience And content

13
 and content From other And content
From other Courses,past From other
Courses,past Learning Courses,past
Learning, life Experiences, Learning
Experiences And/or future Experiences,
and/or goal or personal
goals , but
Future goals.
the
connection is
vague and/or
unclear.

What I Can Do

Direction: Identify the following defects in irrigation by naming the

given pictures. Write your answer in your activity notebook.

1.

ᐈ Lawn sprinkler stock pictures, Royalty Free lawn sprinkler images | download on Depositphotos®

2.

picture of run off irrigation - Google Search

14
3.

picture of irrigation running when it's raining - Google Search

Assessment

Direction: Idntify the following. Write the letter T if TOOL and Letter E if
EQUIPMENT. Write your answers in your quiz notebook.

1. Water Flow Meter

2. Soil Sensors
3. Linear Move
4. Drones
5. Mattock
6. PVC Pipe Cutter
7. Broom
8. IrrigationManagemenMobile Apps
9. Big Gun Travelers
10. Drp and Trckle

15
 Additional Activities

Direction: How many words can you find about irrigation system?

P I P E J W R E N C H

M R W D F H K Y D Z S

I Y T Y P L G H R I

S O D R O N E S K I T

T K K F O S A J U F

I M H H D S D J K N U

N N H G Z G K W N

G S J X H J L K S S

Q D G K C G H F T A L

V K H L V B N G L I S

B N Y P L A S T I C S

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Answer Key

17
References
5 Useful Irrigation Tools for Saving Water | Seametrics

Irrigation Tools (irrigationtutorials.com)

Irrigation Equipment Options (usda.gov)

Common Irrigation Problems And Simple Fixes | Jain Irrigation USA (jainsusa.com)
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dum
Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
Email Address: Website: lrmds.depednodis.net