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    Material Balance Reactive Systems - Part 2

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    MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKIMI MOHD ZAMRI

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    Material Balance Reactive Systems - Part 2

    Uploaded by

    MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKIMI MOHD ZAMRI
    9 views13 pages

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    9 views13 pages

    Material Balance Reactive Systems - Part 2

    Uploaded by

    MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKIMI MOHD ZAMRI

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Material Balance

    Reactive Systems

    PART 2
    Content

    qMultiple reactions, yield and selectivity


    qBalances on reactive processes
    Multiple reactions, yield and selectivity
    When process involve several reaction equations you might
    need to determine yield or selectivity of your product.

    moles of desired product


    Yield  X100%
    moles of product that would be formed if (no side reactions) &
    (the limiting reactant were completely consumed)

    moles of desired product


    Selectivity 
    moles of undesired product formed
    Multiple reactions, yield and selectivity
    (con’t)

    C 2H 6  C 2H 4  H 2
    Multiple reaction equations
    C 2 H 6  H 2  2 CH 4

    Please try Example 4-6-3


    COMBUSTION REACTIONS
    q Partial @ incomplete combustion produce H2O and CO
    q Complete combustion produce H2O and CO2
    q Examples:

    C  O 2  CO 2 (complete combustion )
    C 3 H 8  5O 2  3CO 2  4H 2O ( complete combustion )
    C 3 H 8  72 O 2  3CO  4H 2O ( partial combustion )
    CS 2  3O 2  CO 2  2S 2O ( complete combustion )
    N 2  O2  2NO ( partial combustion )
    NO  21 O 2  NO 2 ( complete combustion )
    Balances on reactive processes
    q Molecular species balances: 0
    Input + generation – output – consumption = accumulation

    continous system
    Example:
    40 kmol H2/min
    100 kmol C2H6/min C 2H 6  C 2H 4  H 2
    n1 kmol C2H6/min
    n2 kmol C2H4/min

    Molecular H2 balance : generation = output


    generation = 40 kmol/min
    Molecular C2H6 balance: input = output + consumption
    100 = n1 + consumption
    Molecular C2H4 balance: generation = output
    generation = n2

    Note: n1 and n2 can be determined once percent convertion or consumption of C2H6 is known.
    Balances on reactive processes
    q Molecular species balances (con’t):

    DOF
    + no unknown variables
    - no. independent chemical reactions
    - no. independent molecular species balances
    - no. other equations relating unknown variables
    = DOF
    Balances on reactive processes
    q Atomic balance:
    Input = Output

    Example:

    100 kmol C2H6/min 40 kmol H2/min


    C 2H 6  C 2H 4  H 2
    n1 kmol C2H6/min
    n2 kmol C2H4/min

    C balance: input = output


    100 kmol C2H6 2 kmol C  n (kmol C 2H6 ) 2 kmol C   n 2 (kmol C 2H4 ) 2 kmol C 
    x  1 x  x 
    min 1 kmol C2H6  min 1 kmol C2H6   min 1 kmol C 2H4 
    100  n 1  n 2

    H balance: input = output


    100 kmol C 2H6 6 kmol H  40 kmol H2 2 kmol H   n1(kmolC2H 6 ) 6 kmol H   n 2 (kmolC2H 4 ) 4 kmol H 
    x  x  x  x 
    min 1 kmol C 2H6  min 1 kmol H2   min 1 kmol C 2H6   min 1 kmol C 2H4 
    600  80  6n1  4n 2

    Note: with 2 unknown and 2 independent equations, n1 and n2 can be determined.


    Balances on reactive processes
    q Atomic species balances (con’t):
    DOF
    + no unknown variables
    - no. independent atomic species balances
    - no. other equations relating unknown variables
    = DOF
    Balances on reactive processes
    q Extent of reaction balance:
    Input = Output
    Example: 3
    CH4  O 2  CO  2H2O 1
    2
    CH4  2O 2  CO2  2H2O 2
    Determine the extent of reaction equation for each molecular species
    n A( final)  n A(initial)  1

    CH4 : n CH4( final)  n CH4(initial)  1   2


    3
    O 2 : n O2( final)  n O2(initial)  1  2 2
    2
     
    CO : nCO( final)  nCO(initial)  1
    CO2 : n CO2  n CO (initial)   2
    ( final) 2

    H2O : n H2O( final)  n H2O(initial)  21  2 2

    Identify the known variables and solve the balances accodingly


    Balances on reactive processes
    q Extent of reaction balances
    DOF
    + no unknown variables
    + no. independent chemical reaction equation
    - no. independent extent of reaction for reactive species
    - no. independent extent of reaction for nonreactive species
    - no. other equations relating the unknown variables
    = DOF
    Try the following examples in your text book:

    q Example 4.7-1.
    END OF PART 2

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