GUIDE QUESTIONS

IN

AQUACULTURE

1. ______________ refers to an enclosure which is either stationary or floating made up of nets or

screens sewn or fastened together and installed in the water with opening at the surface or covered and
held in a place by wooden/bamboo posts or various types of anchors and floats.

A. Fish cage
B. Fishpond
C. Fish pen
D. Fish trap
E. none of the above

2. Aniline dye effective in the control of fungal infection and external protozoan.

A. Sulfanilimide
B. Malachite Green
C. Aniline blue
D. None of the above

3. The aerobic bacterial conversion of ammonia and organic nitrogen to stable salts (nitrates):
commonly by Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter sp.

A. decomposition
B. sublimation
C. nitrification
D. nitrogen fixation

4. Specific or indigenous to an area; used most often in relation to disease agents and diseases.

A. native
B. endemic
C. local
D. all of the above

5. __________ is an expression of hydrogen ion concentration in water (pH = -log [H+]} and serves as
an indicator of acidity and basicity.

A. Turbidity
B. anion
C. Hydrogen sulfide
D. pH

6. A nutritional disease symptoms related to an excess level of one or more new substances.

A. avitaminosis
B. hypervitaminosis
C. hypovitaminosis
D. supervitaminosis
7. Capable of causing disease.

A. pathogenic
B. bacteria
C. fungi
D. parasite

8. Devoid of oxygen.

A. toxic
B. diffusive
C. anoxic
D. none of the above

9. Milkfish culture system which involves the confinement of fish in enclosures, floating cages, net
pens, baskets, trays, etc.

A. modified open system

B. open system culture
C. semi-closed system
D. closed system

10. __________ is man-made, constructed from bamboo, wooden poles or stakes driven into the
substrate.

A. Pens
B. Cages
C. Ponds
D. Tanks

11. By-product of metabolism discharged from the body of an organism.

A. metabolic transition
B. metabolic nutrient
C. metabolites
D. catabolic waste

12. A common pond gate design:

A. monk
B. sluice
C. A & B
D. stand pipe

13. The pH 7 reading is the ___________ point; water is acidic below pH 7 and basic above pH 7.

A. neutral
B. maximum
C. minimum
D. baseline

14. Type of milkfish culture system that use as feed mainly natural food with supplemental energy-rich
feed.

A. modified extensive
B. intensive
 C. extensive
D. semi-intensive

15. Use of drugs or chemicals to prevent diseases.

A. chemotheraphy
B. chemoprophylaxis
C. drug addict
D. prophylaxis

16. ___________ is generally used because of their advantage in allowing movement of vehicle and
personnel on top of the dikes. They are also more efficient in draining bottom water in the pond but if
poorly constructed, these gates are very difficult to repair.

A. Sluice
B. Monk
C. Concrete
D. Wooden

17. Existing fishponds (freshwater and brackishwater) in the Philippine (2202) totaled 253,854
hectares.

A. 350,000
B. 210,776
C. 197,999
D. 253,854

18. Maximum biomass a pond can support and maintain given a certain level of management e.g. no
fertilization, with fertilization, fertilization plus feeding.

A. maximum sustainable yield

B. stocking rate
C. carrying capacity
D. none of the above

19. The transformation of stored energy into free energy for growth, activity or heat where complex
substances are converted into simple compounds by the living cells.

A. catabolism
B. anabolism
C. metabolism
D. embolism

20. ________________ fishery operations involving all forms of raising and culturing fish and other
fishery species in fresh, brackish and marine water areas.

A. Fish stocking
B. Fish seeding
C. Aquaculture
D. Fish husbandry
E. Fish fattening
21. Are devices that inject air or oxygen into a body of water in the form of bubbles?

A. gravity aerator
B. surface aerator
C. diffuser aerator
D. turbine aerator

22. An aerator which consists of a propeller submerged in the fluid to be aerated. It circulates the
liquid as the propeller rotates causing greater aeration to take place at the surface.

A. gravity
B. surface
C. diffuser
D. turbine

23. Types of fertilizer -

A. Phosphate fertilizers
B. Nitrogenous fertilizers
C. Potassium fertilizers
D. micronutrients
E. all of the above

24. Organisms that require carbon dioxide or carbonates or simple inorganic nitrogen compounds for
metabolic synthesis. These organisms can manufacture their own food. (e.g. plants)

A. autotrophic
B. cenotrophic
C. metatrophic
D. catatrophic

25. The aim of _________ is to aid the production of fish by increasing the quantity of natural food
present.

A. fertilization
B. pond preparation
C. use of pesticide
D. none of the above

26. ________is determined by measuring the secchi disk visibility:

A. Turbidity
B. Salinity
C. Primary production
D. Density

27. The basis of total production in plant life depends on an indispensable nutrient when it is present in
a minimal amount.

A. Law of Thermodynamics
B. Liebig's Law of Minimum
C. Fishery law
D. Foundation of aquaculture

28. Material used to construct cage bag -

 A. cotton
B. synthetic fibers
C. plastic/metal
D. all of the above

29. Cage bags and frames are designed with _________ extending above the water surface to prevent
fish from jumping.

A. selvedge
B. non-return valve
C. flapper
D. freeboard

30. A tide of minimum amplitude, occurring when the sun, moon and earth are at right angle.

A. low tide
B. neap tide
C. high tide
D. Zero (0) datum

31. Pathologic death of cells or tissues within a living body.

A. necrosis
B. wound
C. inflammation
D. infection
.
32. A normal process of increase in size of a tissue, organ or organism.

A. expansion
B. physiology
C. cell division
D. growth

33. Expressed as percent wet weight gained over the amount of dry weight of feed given within a
feeding period. The higher the FCE value, the better the feed is utilized.

A. feed conversion efficiency

B. feed catalyst energy
C. food conversion equivalent
D. feed carbohydrate equation

34. Milkfish pond where fingerlings from nurseries are kept until they reach post-fingerlings sizes or
until the rearing ponds are ready for stocking.

A. nursery pond
B. transition pond
C. rearing pond
D. catching pond
E. feed pond/kitchen pond
F. all of the above

35. The marked change of shape or structure, particularly in the transition of one developmental stage
into another, as in insects.

A. metamorphosis
 B. sublimation
C. growth
D. osporosis

36. The sum of the processes by which an animal or plant absorbs and utilize food substances.

A. nutrition
B. digestion
C. circulation
D. utilization

37. __________ is a measure of the total concentration of bases in the pond. It is measured by the
amount of acid required to change the pH of water to 4, as indicated by the color change of methyl
orange indicator.

A. pH
B. Total alkalinity
C. Salinity
D. Dissolved oxygen

38. Feed supplied to meet the nutrient requirement of fish for maintenance and growth when natural
food is inadequate.

A. feed ration
B. supplemental feed
C. ad libitum
D. isocaloric diet

39. That metabolic rate of poikiliothermic animals when using either the minimum amount of oxygen
per unit of time per unit of body weight, or at the standard environmental temperatures for that species.

A. Baseline Metabolic Rate

B. Accepted Metabolic Rate
C. Standard Metabolic Rate
D. Numerical Metabolic Rate

40. Any substance that is physiologically useful or necessary for growth and development.

A. food
B. nutrient
C. vitamins
D. enzymes

41. Chemical substances naturally present in fish muscle primarily to hasten reactions like the
digestion of food.

A. vitamins
B. catalysts
C. nutrients
D. enzymes

42. Protective ice coating on the product to ensure against dehydration.

A. ice coating
B. dry ice
C. glaze
 D. ice flakes

43. This gate design is easy to maintain and will allow rapid discharge rates, however, it limits the
passage of vehicular transport on top of the dikes.

A. monk
B. wooden
C. concrete
D. sluice

44. The total energy present in a unit of food, usually expressed in kcal/kg feed.

A. gross energy
B. calorie
C. proximate analysis
D. fat

45. __________ are important because they provide a rich source of energy and is the source of
essential fatty acids, cholesterol and lecithin which are needed for maximum growth and survival.

A. Dietary lipids
B. Protein
C. Carbohydrates
D. Vitamins

46. Mold inhibitors and anti-oxidants are usually added to improve the ___________ of feeds.

A. attractability
B. shelf life
C. nutrients
D. return-on-investment

47. Any organism that catches another for food such as aquatic ecosystem,

A. predator
B. cannibal
C. carnivorous
D. raptor

48. Refers to fishfarming in natural bodies of water such as oceans, bays, estuaries, coastal lagoons,
lakes or rivers.

A. open system culture

B. closed system culture
C. semi-closed system culture
D. intensive culture

49. Any unit that includes all of the organisms in a given area interacting with the physical
environments that a flow of energy leads to clearly defined trophic structure, biotic diversity and
material cycles within the system is -

A. ecosystem
B. habitat
C. niche
D. environment
50. __________ is the single environmental parameter that exerts a tremendous effect on growth and
production through its direct effect on feed consumptions and metabolism and its indirect effect on
environmental condition. This parameter affects the solubility and availability of many nutrients.

A. oxygen
B. pH
C. carbon dioxide
D. turbidity

51. Factor that decrease dissolved oxygen in ponds -

A. respiration
B. diffusion: DO above saturation
C. chemical oxidation
D. all of the above

52. ___________ in intensive aquafarm is a product of protein metabolism in the cultured animal and
microorganisms.

A. Sulfide
B. Carbon dioxide
C. pH
D. Ammonia

53. _____________ a stage in the life cycle of the fish measuring to about 6 -13 cm. depending on the
species.

A. Fish fry
B. Fish fingerlings
C. Fish hatchlings
D. Fish juvenile
E. none of the above

54. A single-celled plant (phytoplankton) covered with two overlapping porous shells of silica.

A. nostoc
B. diatoms
C. oscillatoria
D. periphyton

55. Sulfur (s) is present in organic matter as S-containing amino acids and ester sulfates. Under
unaerobic conditions, heterotrophic bacteria can use oxidized forms of sulfur as terminal electron
acceptors in metabolism and excrete __________as a gas with a rotten odor and is extremely toxic to
the cultured animals at any detectable level.

A. H2S
B. carbon monoxide
C. carbon dioxide
D. ammonia

56. Water pH could be determined using __________.

A. pH meter or pH paper
B. refractometer
C. hydrometer
D. Secchi disc
57. Total NH3-N could be monitored using -

A. ammonia-specific electrode, Colorimetric test using Nessler's RGT

B. secchi disc
C. pH meter
D. refractometer

58. Air containing about 21% oxygen, serves as a big reservoir for oxygen, but oxygen concentration
in water is limited by its ___________.

A. solubility
B. temperature
C. density
D. all of the above

59. The spontaneous self-digestion of tissue cells caused by its own autogenous enzymes; such occurs
after death and in some pathological conditions.

A. assimilation
B. autolysis
C. digestion
D. sublimation

60. Particles of living or dead organic matter which are suspended in water.

A. lab-lab
B. particulate organic matter
C. lumut
D. detritus

61. A basic type of aerator used in ponds.

A. gravity
B. surface
C. diffuser
D. turbine
E. all of the above

62. Oysters most commonly cultured in the Philippines include -

A. Crassostrea iredalei
B. Crassostrea malabonensis
C. Crassostrea cuculata
D. all of the above

63. The smallest pathogenic agents.

A. bacterium
B. virus
C. bacteria
D. parasite

64. Perna viridis is the most commonly cultured __________species in the country -

A. mussel
 B. oyster
C. clam
D. shell

65. A feed composed of several ingredients.

A. compound feed
B. caloric diet
C. complete feed
D. balanced feed

66. The act of spreading to the internal organs.

A. necrotic
B. endemic
C. systemic
D. chronic

67. Factors that increase dissolved oxygen in ponds include:

A. photosynthesis
B. diffusion: DO below saturation
C. chemical reduction
D. all of the above

68. An animal or plant on which another organism lives.

A. niche
B. host
C. habitat
D. carrier

69. The standing crop or biomass by which the increase in nutrient requirement could no longer be
supplied by the natural food, thus growth rate is less than the potential maximum.

A. production
B. malnourished
C. standard yield
D. critical standing crop

70. The amount of energy that can be extracted from a food stuff and utilized.

A. calorie
B. fat
C. lipid
D. Metabolized Energy (ME)

71. Major species of seaweeds cultured in the Philippines:

A. Eucheuma cotonii
B. Eucheuma spinosum
C. Eucheuma alvarezii
D. all of the above

72. In the Philippines, the shrimp species commonly cultured is -

 A. Penaeus monodon
B. Penaeus merguiensis (hipong puti)
C. Penaeus semisulcatus (bulik)
D. Metapenaeus spp. (suahe)

73. Fisheries as an economic sector in 2002 accounted for __________% (at constant prices) to the
Gross Domestic Product of the country.

A. 3.9%
B. 5%
C. 10%
D. 7.5%

74. __________ a stage at which a fish has just been hatched usually with sizes from 1-2.5 cm.

A. Fish fry
B. Fish fingerlings
C. Fish juvenile
D. Fish hatchlings
E. none of the above

75. Aquaculture in the Philippine is practiced in several types of environment namely;

A. freshwater (fishponds, fish pens, and cages in lakes and reservoirs)

B. brackishwater (milkfish and shrimp ponds)
C. marine (seafarming and mariculture)
D. all of the above

76. Solution of approximately 37% by weight of formaldehyde gas in water and is effective in the
control of external parasites and fungal infections in fish and eggs.

A. alcohol
B. ether
C. merthiolate
D. formalin

77. Major seafarming or mariculture commodity in the country involves -

A. seaweeds
B. shellfishes
C. fishes
D. all of the above

78. Type of fishpond lay-out:

A. conventional
B. progressive
C. radiating
D. all of the above

79. The Philippines is the __________ largest fish producer in the world.

A. 11th
B. 8th
C. 20th
D. 25th
80. Feature of a dike:

A. crown/slope
B. berm/base
C. puddle trench/core/key
D. all of the above

81. The total concentration of bases in water expressed as milligrams per liter of equivalent calcium
carbonate (CaCO3).

A. hardness
B. alkalinity
C. salinity
D. turbidity

82. __________ is a seaweed species farmed in brackishwater ponds in some parts of the country.

A. Caulerpa sp.
B. Gracilaria sp.
C. Kappaphycus alvarezii
D. Eucheuma denticulatum

83. In supplying water to the fishfarm, pumping will introduce a lot of extraneous fish species, debris,
suspended particles from the water source, hence, the use of ____________ is essential in intensive
aquafarms.

A. filtering devices
B. gates
C. gates
D. pond compartments

84. Marine fishes commonly cultured in the country include:

A. sea bass (Lates calcarifer)

B. grouper (Epinephelus spp.)
C. both A and B
D. none of the above

85. Good water quality is characterized by adequate oxygen and limited levels of __________.

A. predators
B. fertilizers
C. metabolites
D. salinity

86. Lack of oxygen.

A. hypoxia
B. anoxia
C. supersaturation
D. apoxia

87. __________ are gates located on the perimeter dike.

A. Main or primary
 B. Secondary
C. Sluice
D. Monk

88. Species of marine fish used for searanching in the country include:

A. milkfish/mullet
B. snappers/groupers
C. siganids/spadefish
D. all of the above

89. Is a type of aerator that breaks up or agitates the water surface to attain large oxygen transfer rates.
(Example: paddlewheel)

A. gravity
B. surface
C. diffuser
D. turbine

90. Lateral curvature of the spine, often a product of malnutrition.

A. paralysis
B. furunculosis
C. scoliosis
D. stiffness

91. A preparation of non- virulent disease organisms or immunogens which still retains the capacity to
stimulate the production of antibodies or resistance to them.

A. antibiotic
B. prophylaxis
C. vaccine
D. inoculation

92. Plant-like microscopic organisms.

A. yeast
B. furuncle
C. fungi
D. phytoplankton

93. Gas embolism in various organs and cavities of the fish, caused by supersaturation or primarily the
inert gases of the atmosphere.

A. gas-induced embolism
B. blue disease
C. gas bubble disease
D. fin rot

94. Chemical substance produced by a microorganism that has the capacity, in dilute solutions, to
inhibit (e.g., bacteriostatic) or destroy (e.g. bactericidal) the growth of other microorganisms. The most
important antibiotic-producing organisms are bacteria, lower fungi or molds and actinomycetes.
Examples of commonly used antibiotics in aquaculture are oxytetracyline and chloramphenicol.

A. antibiotic
B. analgesic
 C. antipyretic
D. toxin

95. Complex organic substances present in natural products or made synthetically and are essential in
small proportion in the diet.

A. enzymes
B. micronutrients
C. vitamins
D. catalyst

96. A chemical reaction in which water reacts with another substance to form one or more new
substances.

A. hydrolysis
B. mixture
C. substance
D. catalyst

97. Water __________ refers to the quantity of suspended material which interferes with light
penetration in the water column.

A. density
B. turbidity
C. surface tension
D. clarity

98. Fragments of organic matter or other disintegrated material moved about by water.

A. detritus
B. mud
C. effluent
D. all of the above

99. Turbidity limits light penetration, thereby limiting photosynthetic activity in the bottom layer. High
turbidity can cause temperature and DO ___________ in ponds.

A. stratification
B. diffusion
C. reduction
D. emission

100. Blood of shrimps.

A. hemolymp
B. hemocytes
D. leucocytes
E. platelets

101. A quantitative statement concerning heat.

A. calorie
B. energy
C. heat
D. temperature
102. Dissolved oxygen could be read by:

A. D.O. meter, Winkler titration

B. refractometer
C. hydrometer
D. thermometer

103. Prawn bacterial disease includes:

A. filamentous bacterial disease (caused by Leucothrix mucor)

B. shell disease (caused by Vibrio and Aeromonas)
C. fusaria
D. A & B

104. Temperature could be determined by:

A. pH meter
B. refractometer
C. thermometer
D. secchi disc

105. A stage produced by an environmental or other factor which disturbs the normal functioning to
such an extent that the chances of survival are reduced.

A. shock
B. stress
C. fatigue
D. agitate

106. Organisms that live only in the presence of oxygen.

A. bacteria
B. virus
C. aerobes
D. fungus

107. _________are the second most significant structure in an aquaculture farm. They regulate water
ingress and egress and are responsible for maintaining desired pond water depths.

A. Gates
B. Stand pipes
C. Monks
D. Canals

108. The reaction of the tissues characterized clinically by heat, swelling redness and pain and
pathologically by vasodilation, hyperemia, accumulation of leucocytes, exudation of fluid and
deposition of fibrin.

A. inflammation
B. infection
C. infestation
D. viral contact

109. Fish production (2002) by sector of the country totaled __________ million metric of which
33.7% came from municipal fisheries, 35% from commercial fisheries and 31.3% from aquaculture.
 A. 3.36
B. 4.01
C. 5.17
D. 7.00

110. __________ is the addition of oxygen or air containing oxygen to water.

A. Aeration
B. Pumping
C. Water filtration
D. none of the above

111. Organisms that thrive at a relatively low temperature.

A. allopatric
B. psychrophiles
C. thermaphilic
D. stenohaline

112. Weight of new organic material formed by photosynthesis (it is the total increase in biomass of
green plants observed over a period of time).

A. net production
B. primary production
C. total production
D. carbon production

113. Isolation of contagious material or animals to prevent the spread of pathogens.

A. Quarantine
B. imprisonment
C. isolation
D. hospitalization

114. Active ingredient of teaseed cake, a popular piscicide.

A. brestan
B. saponin
C. aquatin
D. rotenone

115. Identification of the cause of a disease based on history and signs.

A. diagnosis
B. sleuthing
C. investigation
D. analysis

116. External invasion.

A. infection
B. infestation
C. parasitic attack
D. wound
117. A substance which dissociates into ions when in solution or in fused state exists as electrically
charged ions that make the liquid capable of conducting current.

A. electrolyte
B. enzymes
C. nutrients
D. limiting factor

118. The external protective covering or hard shell of prawns.

A. chitin
B. carbonate
C. exoskeleton
D. none of the above

119. Pertaining to the stomach and intestines.

A. digestive system
B. excretion
C. gastrointestinal tract
D. diffusion

120. A colorless, odorless gas, resulting from the oxidation of carbon-containing substances highly
soluble in water, toxic to fish at level 20 ppm; toxicity to fish increases with low levels of oxygen.

A. Hydrogen sulfide
B. Carbon monoxide
C. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
D. all of the above

121. A definite process or condition of the body or its parts, having a characteristic train of symptoms
that distinguishes it from other morbid processes or conditions and from the normal state.

A. disease
B. ailment
C. illness
D. infection

122. An invasion of an organism (host) by any pathogenic or non-pathogenic organism. Also the
morbid state caused by the multiplication of pathogenic organisms within the body.

A. pandemic
B. epidemic
C. infection
D. all of the above

123. ____________ are open channels constructed on top of the dike equipped with gates to regulate
flow of water into the various compartments in the fishfarm.

A. Gates
B. Canals
C. Crown
D. Flumes

124. __________ visibility is the average of the depth at which a disc, 20 cm in diameter with
alternating black and white quadrants, disappear and reappear from view when sunlight is intense.
 A. Secchi disc
B. graduated post
C. transect line
D. stadia rod

125. __________ provide a cheap source of energy for the cultured animal. They include starches,
sugars, cellulose and chitin

A. Protein
B. Fats
C. Vitamins
D. Carbohydrates

126. Low secchi disk reading is associated with increased consumption which may lead to ________
depletion at dawn.

A. ammonia
B. carbon dioxide
C. dissolved oxygen
D. sulfate

127. Susceptibility of a substance to decomposition by micro-organisms. It is the rate at which

detergent, pesticides and other compounds maybe chemically broken down by bacteria and/or natural
environmental factors.

A. biodegradability
B. sensitivity
C. decomposition
D. organic
.
128. A process by which organic matter is removed and the dissolved metabolic byproducts are
converted (mainly oxidized) as a result of microbiological activity. The most important processes are
the degradation of organics by heterotrophic bacteria and the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and
nitrite to nitrate.

A. screening
B. micro-filtration
C. filter-screening
D. biological filtration

129. A condition caused by deficiency of one or more vitamins in the diet.

A. malnourishment
B. "kwashiorkor"
C. avitaminosis
D. all of the above

130. The H2S concentration could be monitored using:

A. colorimetric test using p-Phenylene Diamine Hydrochloride

B. spectrophotometer using Ethylene Diamine Tera-acetic acid
C. fume hood
D. titration
131. The fisheries industry in 2002 gave employment to about ____________ fisherfolks, 675,677 in
municipal fisheries, 56,715 in commercial fisheries, and 258,480 in aquaculture.

A. 990,872
B. 991,706
C. 899,111
D. 705,089

132. One of the tetracycline antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces rimosus and effective against a
wide variety of bacteria pathogenic to fishes.

A. penicillin
B. oxytetracycline
C. cephalexin
D. sulfanilamide

133. In prawn, the fungal disease ________ was noted.

A. Fusarium (caused by Fuscrium solani)

B. Vorticella
C. MVB
D. none of the above

134. 16-20-0 also refer to -

A. monoammonium phosphate
B. basic slag
C. di-calcium phosphate
D. none of the above

135. Protozoan diseases in prawns include:

A. ciliates (caused by Zoothamnium, Epistylis and Vorticella)

B. microsporidia
C. A & B
D. none of the above

136. When using aeration devices, the transfer of oxygen from the atmosphere to the water is governed
by several steps to include:

A. transfer from the air to the gas-liquid interface

B. transfer across the gas-liquid interface
C. transfer from the gas-liquid interface to the water
D. all of the above

137. These pumps consist of rotating member(s) contained in a casing that force fluid from the low to
the high pressure side.

A. centrifugal
B. rotary
C. reciprocating
D. airlift

138. A nucleotide which functions as a carrier of energy for many chemical reactions in the body
especially those associated with muscular activity and replication of cell components.
 A. Adenosine Diphosphate
B. Adenosine Monophosphate
C. Adenosine Triphosphate
D. All of the above

139. Contagious or communicable.

A. infectious
B. bacterial
C. viral
D. infestable

140. Continuous or lasting for a long time.

A. persistent
B. chronic
C. hardy
D. carrier

141. An organic compound like Vitamin E, butylated hydroxyl-anisole (BHA) or butylated

hydroytoluene (BHT) added to feeds to inhibit oxidation of fats and oils prevent rancidity and preserve
the nutritional value of the feed.

A. antioxidant
B. preservative
C. antipyretic
D. oxidant

142. Organisms that live on or in the sediment of aquatic environments.

A. pelagic
B. benthos
C. shells
D. reptiles

143. A diet with around 30% moisture prepared from a dry product fraction or ground meat faction,
formed into pellets and fed either frozen or unfrozen.

A. dry pellet
B. crumbled pellet
C. moist pellet ration
D. water-saturated pellet

144. Pond units often include:

A. nursery
B. transition
C. rearing
D. catching pond/kitchen pond/formation pond
E. all of the above

145. Complex organic compound composed of amino acids connected by peptide linkages.

A. carbohydrates
B. proteins
C. fat
 D. vitamins

146. A carbohydrate constituent of the walls and skeletons of vegetable cells.

A. cellulose
B. starch
C. crude fiber
D. epidermis

147. A systemic bacterial disease caused by Aeromonas salmonicida. All species and age of fish are
susceptible.

A. blue disease
B. furunculosis
C. gas-bubble disease
D. fusarium

148. The amount of dry weight of feed given divided by the wet weight gained within a feeding period.

A. feed and carbohydrates relationship

B. feed conversion ratio
C. food conversion rank
D. food catalyst reaction

149. A device, usually electronically operated, that dispenses feed at pre-selected times.

A. manual feed dispenser

B. feeding device
C. automatic feeder
D. none of the above

150. Organ for breathing in fish.

A. gills
B. lungs
C. nose
D. lateral line

151. The introduction of a pathogenic organism into the tissues of a living organism or culture
medium.

A. infection
B. operation
C. inoculation
D. infestation

152. The removal of substances (primarily dissolved organics, but also nitrogen and phosphorus
compounds) from solution on a molecular level by adsorption on a porous substrate, or by direct
chemical fractionation or oxidation.

A. chemical filtration
B. screening
C. fractionization
D. protein skimmers
153. Chemical compounds which do not contain carbon as the principal element (except carbonates,
cyanides and cyanites).

A. organic
B. inorganic
C. ferric
D. carbonic

154. A nutritional disease produced by a deficiency of one or more vitamins in the disease.

A. hypovitaminosis
B. hypervitaminosis
C. avitaminosis
D. supervitaminosis

155. Blood cells.

A. hemocytes
B. hemolymp
C. gluten
D. hemophilic

156. Fat soluble compounds found in the tissues of plants and animals. These are classified as fat,
phopholipids, spingomyyelin, wax, and sterol. Important source of energy, for cellular structure and for
maintenance of the integrity of biomembranes.

A. enzymes
B. vitamins
C. minerals
D. lipids

157. An organism that lives inside another organism (host) and is dependent on the host for its
metabolism.

A. endoparasite
B. worm
C. bacteria
D. virus

158. Non-mobile, dehydrated, resistant, inactive and dormant stage in the life cycle of many organisms
that is generally considered to serve an important role in either protection or dispersal of a species; the
organisms is typically rounded up, surrounded by one or more layers of secreted cystic membranes
(extocyst, endocyst, etc.) or envelopes or walls; in some cases the walls may be quite thick, sculptured
on the outside and with or without an emergent pore.

A. cyst
B. carrier
C. encyst
D. cystomata

159. The end product of the aerobic stabilization of organic nitrogen; presence in water indicates
organic enrichment.

A. nitrate
B. ammonia
C. nitrite
 D. nutrient

160. The reaction in which oxygen combines chemically with another substance; a reaction which
involves the loss or transfer of electrons.

A. transpiration
B. decomposition
C. oxidation
D. radiation

161. A gas produced by microbial decomposition of organic matter (e.g. excess feed and fecal wastes)
deposited in the pond bottom in the absence of oxygen.

A. oxygen
B. carbon dioxide
C. carbon monoxide
D. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)

162. _________ are those gates located in the in the partition dikes and are used to regulate water level
in the pond compartments

A. Main or primary
B. Secondary
C. Sluice
D. Monk

163. A standard gate design feature:

A. tide stern wall

B. side walls
C. cutoff wall or collar
D. grooves
E. catwalk
F. all of the above

164. Feeding on plant species.

A. omnivorous
B. vegetarian
C. herbivorous
D. carnivorous

165. __________ is the added dike height provided as a safety precaution to prevent overtopping due
to wave
action.

A. Freeboard
B. Crown
D. Crown extension
E. Dike overtopping

166. Organisms that require complex organic compounds of nitrogen and carbon for metabolic
synthesis (e.g., animals).

A. autotrophic
B. heterotrophic
 C. omnivore
D. carnivore

167. ___________ are provided so that aquafarms could cope with massive water volume turnover not
only of one compartment but, simultaneously, of all compartments in the farm.

A. Drain canals
B. Gates
C. Filters
D. Pumps

168. Is a type of aerator which takes advantage of the energy released when water loses altitude to
improve the air-water surface area. (Example: waterfalls)

A. gravity
B. surface
C. diffuser
D. turbine

169. The additional height of a structure above high water level to prevent overflow; the vertical
distance between the water level and the top of the structure.

A. extension
B. protrude
C. freeboard
D. draft

170. The amount of feed given per day and is based on a certain percentage of the body weight.

A. feeding rate
B. feeding technique
C. feeding style
D. all of the above

171. Nutritional and environmental diseases in prawns include:

A. chronic soft-shell syndrome

B. red disease/blue disease
C. crumped tails/muscle necrosis
D. black gill disease/gas-bubble disease
E. all of the above

172. The portion of total alkalinity contributed by bicarbonate ions.

A. pH
B. bicarbonate alkalinity
C. hardness
D. none of the above

173. A fishery by-product comprised mainly of processed scrap from the filleting operation or from the
whole fish.

A. fish meal
B. silage
C. minced fish
D. surimi
174. The number of times fed is giver per day.

A. feeding rate
B. feed protocol
C. fish feeding
D. feed induction frequency

175. Susceptibility of a substance to decomposition by microorganisms. It is the rate at which

detergent, pesticides and other compounds maybe chemically broken down by bacteria and / or natural
environmental factors.

A. decomposition
B. organic sensitivity
C. biodegradability
D. chemical variability

176. A disadvantage of cage culture -

A. no control over water quality

B. at the mercy of weather
C. waste adversely affects water quality
D. hazard to navigation
E. all of the above

177. __________ comprise the inorganic component (ash) of feeds. Among these nutrients, seven are
macronutrients and are needed in larger quantities (>0.1%): Ca, P, K, Na, Cl, MG and S.

A. Vitamins
B. Micronutrients
C. Minerals
D. Protein

178. __________ are organic compounds required in trace quantities for metabolic processes and for
normal growth.

A. Vitamins
B. Protein
C. Carbohydrates
D. Lipid

179. The oxygen equivalent of the dichromate consumed during oxidation of a raw water sample. It is
measure of organic matter and often permits an estimation of BOD.

A. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

B. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
C. oxidation
D. diffusion

180. The application of engineering principles to the production of food from aquatic environments.

A. Agricultural Engineering
B. Food Engineering
C. Aquaculture engineering
D. Civil Engineering
181. Basic categories of culture systems:

A. open-system culture
B. semi-closed system
C. closed system
D. all of the above

182. __________ are man-made and float off the bottom. They are smaller than either enclosures or
pens.

A. Pens
B. Cages
C. Ponds
D. Tanks

183. The act of watching closely.

A. guarding
B. observing
C. surveillance
D. patrolling

184. An advantage of fish culture -

A. makes of existing water bodies

B. less investment
C. management is less complex
D. easy to expand/mobile
E. all of the above

185. Basic cage type -

A. fixed
B. floating
C. submersible
D. submerged
E. all of the above

186. A substance, applied to living tissues that kills or inhibits microorganism causing infection or
decay.

A. antibiotic
B. antiseptic
C. alcohol
D. antibody

187. Removal of predators and pests in milkfish ponds could be achieved by employing -

A. mechanical removal
B. chemical methods
C. A & B
D. none of the above

188. An individual harboring specific organism('s) which cause a disease often or usually without
indication of the signs of the disease.
 A. carrier
B. infected
C. sick
D. sluggish

189. Shape of a cage bag -

A. round
B. square
C. 6-sided
D. 8-sided
E. all of the above

190. A condition of suffocation or anoxia and increased carbon dioxide tension in the blood.

A. stress
B. asphyxia
C. amnesia
D. apoxia

191. Ideal cage bag material -

A. strong/light
B. rot, corrosion, weather and fouling resistant
C. easily repaired/economical
D. drag force resistant/non-abrasive
E. all of the above

192. The seaweed (Eucheuma) extract ____________ processed by seaweeds processors in the country
as an important export.

A. carrageenan
B. starch
C. oil
D. anti-oxidant

193. Type of milkfish culture system which exclusively uses natural food.

A. modified extensive
B. intensive
C. extensive
D. semi-intensive

194. Pests/predators/competitors in milkfish pond include:

A. tarpon, seabass, tenpounder, gobies

B. tilapia, snails, polychaete worms, mudcrab, mudlobsters
C. water snakes, lizards, frogs, birds
D. all of the above

195. __________ is the occurrence in related organisms of chromosome numbers in some species that
are multiples of those in others.

A. Gene
B. Allee
C. Polyploidy
 D. DNA

196. __________ is a permanent spontaneous change in a gene.

A. Gene mutation
B. Parthenogenesis
C. Polyploidy
D. none of the above

197. Any stimulus, or succession of stimuli, that tends to disrupt the normal stability of an animal.

A. agitation
B. shock
C. stressor
D. agitation

198. Milkfish stocking density for an extensive pond culture system is -

A. 2,000-3,000/ha
B. >20,000/ha
C. 4,000-6,000/ha
D. 8,000-12,000/ha

199. The amount of elemental oxygen, O2, in solution under existing atmospheric pressure and
temperature.

A. carbon dioxide
B. carbon monoxide
C. liquid oxygen
D. dissolved oxygen

200. Daily and pertaining to motions which complete a cyclic pattern every solar or lunar day.

A. semi-diurnal
B. diurnal
C. regular
D. normal

201. Organisms that live in the absence of oxygen.

A. anaerobe
B. aerobe
C. viral
D. bacteria

202. A milkfish intensive culture system can expect a biomass yield of -

A. 700-1,000 kg/ha/crop
B. 1,000-2,000 kg/ha/crop
C. 2,000-4,000 kg/ha/crop
D. 4,000-12,000 kg/ha/crop

203. The proportion of protein (nitrogen) retained by an animal over the total protein (nitrogen)
consumed. Also called productive protein value.

A. protein utilization
 B. protein retention
C. protein accumulation
D. protein standard

204. Water which is discharged from a tank, pond, aquafarm or power station.

A. effluent
B. garbage
C. ooze
D. sewage

205. The total concentration of divalent cations, primarily calcium and magnesium in water sample,
expressed in mg/L of equivalent CaCO3.

A. turbidity
B. hardness
C. alkalinity
D. salinity

206. Inorganic fertilizers usually used for plankton growing in milkfish ponds:

A. 18-46-0
B. 16-20-0
C. 16-20-0 and 0-20-0
D. all of the above

207. Food regularly provided and consumed.

A. supplementary food
B. diet
C. isocaloric diet
D. feeding, ad libitum

208. A step in pond preparation -

A. drain, till and level the ponds

B. dry the pond
C. repair and install the screen
D. eradicate pests and predators
E. all of the above

209. Referring to a condition or chemical reaction where gaseous oxygen is not present or not required.
Examples are the fermentation of sugar by yeast and decomposition of organic wastes by
microorganisms.

A. ferric
B. aerobic
C. anaerobic
D. non-aerobic

210. Milkfish pond utilized as a catchment basin for harvested fish; is constructed near the gate of the
pond, and is linked to the nursery pond by another gate.

A. nursery pond
B. transition pond
C. rearing pond
 D. catching pond
E. all of the above

211. The hydrolysis of foods into simpler substances in the digestive tract so they may be absorbed and
used by the body.

A. absorption
B. digestion
C. adsorption
D. resorption

212. Benefit of liming -

A. correct soil acidity

B. prevent pH fluctuation
C. hasten breakdown of organic matter and the release of nutrients
D. reduce incident of gill rot in milkfish
E. all of the above

213. An organism that lives on another organism without harming it.

A. epicommensal
B. parasite
C. saprophyte
D. cannibal

214. Nutrient that plays an essential role in the structure and physical function of all organisms,
especially growth:

A. protein
B. carbohydrates
C. fats
D. vitamins

215. Study which deals with the causes of diseases.

A. diagnosis
B. etiology
C. operation
D. interview

216. A form of carbohydrate reserve in animals found in the liver and muscles.

A. galactose
B. fructose
C. cellulose
D. glycogen

217. Commonly used lime -

A. calcium carbonate (agricultural lime)

B. calcium hydrate (slaked lime)
C. calcium oxide (quicklime)
D. all of the above

218. Collective term for microscopic organisms suspended in water.

 A. detritus
B. plankton
C. lab-lab
D. debris

219. A method of milkfish culture characterized by staggered stocking and the subsequent transfer of
stock to progressively bigger ponds.

A. modular
B. intensive
C. extensive
D. all of the above

220. An organism that lives inside (endoparasite) or outside (ectoparasite) of another organism (host)
from which it derives its nourishment. When present in large quantities, parasites will cause serious
harm to the host.

A. parasite
B. worm
C. lice
D. cannibal

221. Production from mariculture (oyster, mussels, seaweeds) in 2002 is __________ metric tons.

A. 867,000
B. 768,453
C. 919,071
D. 799,098

222. Prawn viral diseases include:

A. monodon baculovirus (MBV)

B. Hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV)
C. hepatopancreatic parvo-like virus (HPV)
D. all of the above

223. Banned pesticide (organotin) for use in fishponds in the Philippines:

A. Brestan
B. Aquatin
C. A & B
D. none of the above

224. Type of milkfish culture system which mainly uses pumping with aeration and a minimum water
depth of 120 cm.

A. intensive
B. modified extensive
C. semi-intensive
D. extensive

225. Principal foods used in aquaculture:

A. vegetable foods
B. foods of animal origin
 C. dry concentrated food
D. all of the above

226. Pond classification of a Philippine milkfish pond -

A. nursery pond
B. transition pond
C. rearing pond
D. catching pond
E. feed pond/kitchen pond
F. all of the above

227. Requisite condition for fish suitable for fish culture:

A. withstand the climate of the region/sufficiently high rate of growth

B. reproduce under conditions of rearing/acceptable to consumers
C. accepts and thrives on abundant and cheap artificial food
D. support high population density/resistant to disease
E. all of the above

228. _____________ an artificial enclosure constructed within a body of water for culturing fish and
fishery/aquatic resources made up of poles closely arranged in an enclosure with wooden materials,
screen or nylon netting to prevent escape of fish.

A. fishpond
B. fish cages
C. dam
D. fish pen
E. reservoir

229. Characteristic of a good feed for intensive aquaculture:

A. provide nutrient needs of the animal

B. properly processed and stored
C. adequately stable in water
D. all of the above

230. Nutrients in diets used in intensive farming can be classified into:

A. protein
B. carbohydrates
C. lipid (fat)
D. vitamins/minerals
E. all of the above

231. __________ a land-based facility enclosed with earthen or stone material to impound water for
growing fish.

A. fishpond
B. dam
C. reservoir
D. lake
E. none of the above
232. Cage design depends upon -

A. fish cultured
B. environmental condition in the farm
C. type of culture (intensive/extensive)
D. cost and availability of materials
E. all of the above

233. A sulfur containing indispensable amino acid. It is a major methylating agent.

A. arginine
B. methionine
C. lysine
D. none of the above

234. Major marine communities include:

A. mangroves
B. algal/seagrass flats
C. coral reefs/estuaries
D. upwelling zones
E. continental shelf waters/open ocean
F. all of the above

235. The evaluation or measurement of the nutrient composition of feedstuff (water/moistures, ash,
crude, protein, fat, crude fiber and the nitrogen free extract (NFE)).

A. nutrient assessment
B. nutrient analysis
C. nutrient evaluation
D. proximate analysis

236. Cause of severe stress on coastal ecosystem -

A. human overexploitation
B. pollution
C. sedimentation
D. general neglect
E. all of the above

237. In a dike, the __________ is constructed by filling the puddle trench with compacted
impermeable soil to prevent water seepage through the permeable layer under the dike.

A. foundation cutoff or key

B. berm
C. base
D. crown
E. slope

238. A specific immunoglobulin produced by vertebrates in response to an antigen.

A. enzyme
B. antibody
C. catalyst
D. synergist
239. More than _________% of the coral reefs of the country have been degraded due to human
activities.

A. 75%
B. 50%
C. 25%
D. 65%

240. The solubility of oxygen -

A. decreases as temperature increases

B. decreases exponentially with increases in salt content
C. decreases with lower atmospheric pressure at higher altitudes and increases with greater
hydrostatic pressure at higher altitudes and increases with greater hydrostatic pressure at
greater depths.
D. all of the above

241. The incorporation of nutrients into protoplasm of animals following digestion and absorption.

A. assimilation
B. autolysis
C. digestion
D. sublimation

242. _________ is the process of assigning a measurable value, usually monetary, to a particular
resource, product or activity.

A. Resource valuation
B. Resource economics
C. Return-on-investment
D. Cost and return

243. __________ is the simultaneous culture of several species in the same body of water to exploit the
different trophic levels in the pond.

A. Monoculture
B. Polyculture
C. Intensive culture
D. Extensive culture

244. Describes the complex association of minute plants and animals that form a brownish, greenish or
yellowish mat on the pond bottom that sometimes float on the pond surface as patches.

A. lumut
B. plankton
C. lab-lab
D. seaweed

245. The release of the young of fishery species reared in hatcheries and nurseries into natural bodies
of water for subsequent harvest at maturity or the manipulation of fishery habitat, to encourage
the growth of the wild stocks.

A. sea farming
B. aqua-serviculture
C. sea ranching
D. pond culture
246. Freshwater fishponds in the Philippines (2002) totaled __________ hectares.

A. 12,888
B. 14,531
C. 17,900
D. 23,605

247. Produced in a process through which feed material is moistened, pre-cooked, expanded (higher
moisture, temperature and pressure than ordinary pelleting) and dried, resulting in low density fed
particles.

A. floating feed
B. submerged feed
C. pelleted feed
D. hardened feed

248. Milkfish stocking density for an intensive pond culture system is -

A. 2-3,000/ha
B. >20,000/ha
C. 4-6,000/ha
D. 8-12,000/ha

249. Component of lab-lab -

A. blue-green algae, green algae

B. diatoms
C. rotifers/insects
D. crustaceans/larvae
E. all of the above

250. Brackishwater fishponds in the Philippines (2002) totaled __________ hectares.

A. 333,645
B. 406,897
C. 239,323
D. 198,897

251. Macroscopic aquatic plants suspended in the water column. These are usually the major oxygen-
producing organisms in a pond.

A. zooplankton
B. periphyton
C. phytoplankton
D. nannoplankton

252. Employment contribution of the aquaculture sector (2002) is _________ persons.

A. 258,480
B. 129,899
C. 312,112
D. 534,000
253. The liquid residue produced after oil is extracted from the substance pressed out in the production
of brown fish meals.

A. fish soluble
B. bagoong
C. cod liver oil
D. squalene

254. By sector, production contributed by aquaculture in 2002 is __________% of total fish

production.

A. 38.20
B. 43.09
C. 29.00
D. 47.87

255. Pathological loss of appetite despite the need for food.

A. malnourishment
B. anorexia
C. anoxia
D. asphyxia

256. Any of the saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids usually with an even number of carbon
atoms.

A. fat
B. lipid
C. fish oil
D. fatty acid

257. Total aquaculture production in 2002 is __________ million metric tons.

A. 3.40
B. 2.95
C. 1.39
D. 5.00

258. A reaction that accelerates a chemical action and does not itself take part in the chemical
reaction.

A. reagent
B. catalyst
C. sublimation
D. titration

259. The top 4 major species produced in aquaculture in 2002 include: (present in order from high to
low)

A. tilapia, shrimps, milkfish, seaweeds

B. shrimps, tilapia, seaweeds, milkfish
C. milkfish, seaweeds, shrimps, tilapia
D. seaweeds, milkfish, tilapia, shrimps
260. The amount of energy that can be extracted from a food stuff and utilized.

A. caloric energy
B. fat
C. lipid
D. metabolized energy (ME)

261. Major lakes in the Philippines.

A. Laguna de Bay, Lake Lanao

B. Taal Lake, Lake Mainit
C. Naujan Lake, Lake Buluan, Lake Sebu
D. Lake Bato, Lake Buhi, Lake Dapao
E. all of the above

262. Photosynthesis plays a major role in oxygen production; __________ of all living organisms in
the pond is the major factor involved in oxygen consumption. Optimum DO for prawns in ponds is
above 3.5 ppm.

A. interaction
B. reproduction
C. competition
D. respiration

263. Oyster culture methods used in the Philippines -

A. stake
B. hanging
C. longline
D. all of the above

264. Minimum metabolic rate or, is the amount of oxygen consumed per unit of time by an animal of
given body weight while at rest.

A. nuclear metabolic rate

B. basal metabolic rate
C. trophic metabolic rate
D. none of the above

265. The total weight of living matter present, expressed in terms of a given area or volume of the
habitat. In aquaculture, this word normally refers only to the species being cultured.

A. biomass
B. growth
C. production
D. increment

266. The six possible zones for seafarming in coastal waters:

A. shore
B. intertidal
C. sublittoral/surface floating
D. mid-water/seabed
E. all of the above
267. Type of well use as a source of water for ponds and aquaculture systems in general.

A. water table well

B. artesian well
C. flowing artesian well
D. all of the above

268. Pertains to the bottom terrain of aquatic regions; describing the portion of the aquatic environment
inhabited by organisms that live on or in the sediment.

A. pelagic
B. benthic
C. meso-benthic
D. anadromous

269. An adhesive component added to hold together the feed components into pellet, cake, or the like.

A. binder
B. lipid
C. enzyme
D. paste

270. Culture system where the water is reconditioned and recirculated to culture units; also called
recirculating system.

A. open system culture

B. closed system culture
C. semi-closed system
D. none of the above

271. An abrupt massive mortality of unicellular algae resulting from natural or man-made cause.

A. infestation
B. decomposition
C. red tide
D. algal die-off

272. Giving unrestricted amount of feed until satiation.

A. Ad Libitum Feeding
B. diel feeding
C. filter feeding
D. mechanical feeding

273. A solution to which moderate amounts of either a strong acid or base may be added without large
change in pH value of the solution.

A. catalyst
B. synergist
C. buffer
D. solution

274. Type of lime:

A. quicklime or burnt lime

B. slaked or hydrated lime
 C. agricultural limestone/dolomite
D. all of the above

275. The act of eating flesh of one's own kind.

A. cannibalism
B. predation
C. carnivore
D. all of the above

276. __________ are machines capable of adding energy to fluids. It is a necessity in some ponds to
move fluids against an energy gradient and generally it is from a low to a higher point against a
gravitational gradient.

A. Pumps
B. Aerator
C. Generator
D. Compressor

277. Type of milkfish culture system that uses mainly protein-rich feed with some natural food.

A. modified extensive
B. semi-intensive
C. extensive
D. intensive

278. Water pH in ponds can be altered by:

A. organic acids (such as acetate)

B. mineral acids (such as sulfuric acid)
C. applied lime
D. all of the above

279. Removal of metabolic wastes could be facilitated by:

A. flushing out water from the bottom and replacing with oxygen-rich water
B. use of supplemental aeration
C. use of zeolite
D. all of the above

280. A group of nitrogenous organic acids that serves as one of the structural units of protein. Amino
acids may be obtained by the hydrolysis of ingested protein or by synthesis (fermentation of glucose).
An amino acid is essential when it is necessary for survival but cannot be synthesized by the body. The
balance of essential amino acids in the diet determines protein quality.

A. enzymes
B. nutrient
C. amino acid
D. folic acid

281. Salinity could be monitored using __________.

A. refractometer or hydrometer
B. thermometer
C. spectrophotometer
D. hydrometer
282. Reduction of oxygen in the body tissues to physiologically detrimental levels.

A. anoxia
B. asphyxia
C. anorexia
D. hypoxia

283. Major considerations in site selection include:

A. water supply/drainage
B. soil texture/vegetation
C. tide level/freedom from pollution
D. proximity to trading centers
E. all of the above

284. A culture system where water makes one pass through the system and is discharged; also called
flow-through or one-through.

A. open system culture

B. semi-closed system
C. intensive culture
D. closed system culture

285. Acid-sulfate soils contain large deposits of __________.

A. pyrite
B. lime
C. mud
D. salt

286. Physiological stress induced by sudden or rapid changes in temperature, defined by some as any
change greater than 3º C per hour.

A. stroke
B. temperature shock
C. stress
D. fatigue

287. The inorganic portion of a feed material that remains after water and organic matter have been
removed by combustion.

A. carbon
B. dust
C. ash
D. mud

288. A relative measure of the ability of a substance to cause an adverse effect or death to a living
tissue once it reaches a susceptible site on the body.

A. lethal
B. poisonous
C. toxicity
D. stressor

289. Alkalinity could be analyzed using:

 A. two-step titration of std. 20 ppm acid
B. titration using sulfuric acid
C. colorimetric test using sulfanilamide
D. D.O. meter

290. Microscopic organisms often composed of a single cell, in the form of straight or curved rods
(bacilli), spheres (cocci), and spiral structures.

A. Bacteria
B. bacterium
C. virus
D. fungi

291. Measure of the amount of oxygen required by the phytoplankton for respiration and bacteria for
the decomposition of organic matter in water.

A. oxidation
B. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
C. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
D. DO meter

292. A disease-causing organism.

A. bacteria
B. virus
C. pathogen
D. bacterium

293. The assimilation and storage of nutrients where simple substances are made into more complex
body compounds by the living cells.

A. catabolism
B. anabolism
C. embolism
D. metabolism

294. ________ is comprised of the microorganisms suspended in the water column which includes
phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria.

A. plankton
B. lumut
C. detritus
D. none of the above

295. Biological processes used to recondition water for recycling:

A. nitrification
B. denitrification
C. both A and B
D. none of the above

296. Nitrite-N could be read using __________.

A. Colorimetric test using Sulfanilamide

B. titration using acetic acid
 C. pH meter
D. refractometer

297. A process used for wastewater treatment -

A. screening/activated carbon
B. ion exchange
C. foam fractionization
D. biofiltration
E. all of the above

298. Lumut is composed of:

A. Chaetomorpha linum
B. Cladophora sp.
C. Enteromorpha intestinales
D. all of the above

299. The most common organic fertilizer applied in milkfish fishpond:

A. chicken manure
B. carabao manure
C. cow manure
D. all of the above

300. An exponential increase in the population of unicellular algae caused by high nutrient load in the
water. At very high algal densities distinct green or brown coloration of the water is observed.

A. upwelling
B. algal bloom
C. downwelling
D. algal reproduction

301. The less soluble carbohydrate fraction such as lignocellulose and cellulose.

A. starch
B. strands
C. crude fiber
D. none of the above

302. A product of fish protein metabolism and decomposition of organic matter by bacteria.

A. ammonia
B. nitrate
C. nitrite
D. sulfate

303. Removal of nitrogen from a material or chemical compound.

A. nitrification
B. reaction
C. nitrification
D. denitrification

304. Type of gate -

 A. main or primary
B. secondary
C. A & B
D. none of the above

305. An undesirable visible layer of filamentous algae or phytoplankton floating on the surface of a
body of water.

A. algal scum
B. lumut
C. lab-lab
D. red tide

306. Type of milkfish culture system which uses tidal water with supplemental pumping and minimum
water depth of 100 cm

A. intensive
B. modified extensive
C. semi-intensive
D. extensive

307. Easily affected by disease.

A. susceptible
B. candidate
C. weak
D. tendency

308. Practice of removing elements hazardous to health.

A. cleaning
B. hygiene
C. sanitation
D. orderliness

309. Ability of an organism to withstand effects of agents which might otherwise debilitate it.

A. vigor
B. hardness
C. resistance
D. unsusceptibility

310. A floating net pen is composed of:

A. cage bag
B. frame
C. collars and supports
D. mooring system
E. all of the above

311. _________ is constructed by digging holes in the ground and building a levee around it or by
impounding water above the natural dike or levee.

A. Watershed pond
B. Sky pond
C. Barrage pond
 D. Levee pond

312. In this type of water pump, when a primer unit such as an electric motor drives the shaft, it rotates
the impeller causing the vanes to direct the flow of water and help impart energy to it. As a result of
the force of rotation, any fluid on the surface of the impeller is accelerated outward.

A. centrifugal
B. rotary
C. reciprocating
D. airlift

313. A broad spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces aureofaciens effective against gram-
negative and gram-positive bacteria.

A. chlortetracycline
B. chloromycetin
C. erythrocin
D. chloramphenicol

314. Physical processes used to recondition water for recycling:

A. screening/settling
B. sand filtration/bag filtration
C. diatomaceous earth filtration
D. centrifuging/temperature control
E. UV sterilization/cartridge filtration
F. all of the above

315. Any test in which organisms are used to detect or measure the presence or effect of one or more
substances or conditions.

A. microscopy
B. Bioassay
C. sensitivity test
D. bio-screening

316. Chemical process used to recondition water for recycling:

A. aeration/pure oxygen injection

B. alkalinity and hardness control
C. carbon adsorption/pH control
D. reverse osmosis/degassing/ozonation
E. foam fractionization/ion exchange
F. all of the above

317. _________ filtration utilizes living organisms to remove a substance from a liquid solution.

A. biofiltration
B. screening
C. bio-assay
D. culture media

318. The stocking of natural or hatchery produced marine plants or animals, under controlled
conditions, for purposes or rearing and harvesting, but not limited to commercially-important fishes,
mollusks (such as pearl and giant clam culture), including seaweeds and sea grasses.
 A. aqua-selviculture
B. cage culture
C. pen culture
D. sea farming

319. Fatty acid ester of glycerol and is the primary energy deposit of animals.

A. fat
B. protein
C. carbohydrates
D. phospholipid

320. The number of times feed is given per day.

A. feeding rate
B. feeding frequency
C. feeding protocol
D. feeding plan

321. Type of biofilter -

A. submerged
B. trickling
C. rotating disks or drums
D. fluidized beds/low density media filters
E. all of the above

322. Type of culture system for finfish -

A. traditional or extensive
B. modified extensive
C. semi-intensive
D. intensive
E. all of the above

323. Philippine seaweed export project is in the form of:

A. dried seaweed
B. fresh seaweed
C. powdered seaweed
D. pickled seaweed

324. Type of pond dike:

A. perimeter dike
B. secondary or partition dike
C. A and B
D. none of the above

325. Type of milkfish culture system that use exclusively complete feed.

A. intensive
B. modified extensive
C. semi-intensive
D. extensive
326. Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to inorganic forms available to plants, whereby they are able
to synthesize proteins.

A. nitrification
B. denitrification
C. osmoregulation
D. nitrogen fixation

327. The process by which fish maintains the electrolyte concentration of its body fluids despite a
difference in concentration forms that of the external medium.

A. osmoregulation
B. oxidation
C. osmosis
D. precipitation

328. An infective organism of high molecular weight protein or polysaccharide which in vertebrates
stimulates the formation of specific antibodies, hence allowing the animal to resist infections to which
it has been previously exposed.

A. antibody
B. carrier
C. antigen
D. catalyst

329. Type of pump used for aquaculture purposes:

A. centrifugal
B. rotary
C. reciprocating
D. airlift
E. all of the above

330. Biological organisms (bacteria, protozoa, diatom, etc.) that attach to the gills or body surface.

A. cannibal
B. epibionts
C. carnivore
D. none of the above

331. A milkfish semi-intensive culture system can expect a biomass yield of -

A. 700-1,000 kg/ha/crop
B. 1,000-2,000 kg/ha/crop
C. 2,000-4,000 kg/ha/crop
D. 4,000-12,000 kg/ha/crop

332. A progressive erosion and disintegration of the fins of hatchery-raised fish. Several species of
bacteria have been isolated from outbreaks, but the main contributory causes are thought to be
crowding and nutritional imbalances, especially in the vitamins.

A. furunculosis
B. fusaria
C. fin rot (fin erosion)
D. none of the above
333. Food that contains all the necessary nutrients required by the organism for maintenance and
growth.

A. complete diet
B. nutritional feed
C. compound feed
D. isocaloric diet

334. An organic compound extracted from the roots of derris, timbo, and cube and use as a fish poison
or insecticide.

A. aquatin
B. brestan
C. tubli
D. rotenone

335. A processes of re-arranging chromosomes -

A. deletion
B. duplication
C. inversion
D. translocation
E. all of the above

336. Twenty-four (24) hour period.

A. diurnal
B. semi-diurnal
C. diel
D. none of the above

337. _________is created by constructing a dam or dike across a small stream.

A. Watershed pond
B. Sky pond
C. Barrage pond
D. Levee pond

338. A purpose of fish culture -

A. for the production of food

B. for business
C. for fancy or pleasure
D. for education or scientific pursuit
E. all of the above

339. A major phase of fish culture -

A. fish propagation
B. fish cultivation
C. fish conservation
D. all of the above

340. Classification of fish culture based on type of environment or water supply -

A. fresh water
 B. brackish water
C. marine
D. all of the above

341. Fisheries as a source of livelihood originated from _________ in the year 2953 B.C.

A. Greece
B. India
C. Japan
D. China

342. __________ is the natural or artificial methods of promoting reproduction and survival of fish.

A. Fish cultivation
B. Fish conservation
C. Fish propagation
D. all of the above

343. Method fish cultivation based on the structures used -

A. fishpond
B. fish pen
C. fish cage/aquarium
D. open water
E. all of the above

344. Criteria of fish species for cultivation -

A. palatability
B. rate of growth
C. adaptability to crowding .
D. resistance to diseases/market demand
E. non-destructive/universal feeder
F. all of the above

345. Type of digging blade -

A. Malabon type
B. Ilonggo type
C. Pangasinan type
D. all of the above

346. Part of a typical main gate -

A. screen
B. wall
C. slab/bridge
D. apron/wing
E. all of the above

347. Ten mudcrabs were cultured for fattening in a bamboo pen. The individual weight (grams) of the
crabs noted were: 151.2, 163.2, 160.01, 174.3, 169.0, 190.9, 182.3, 177.2, 187.5 and 159.8.
Compute for the average body weight of the crabs stocked.

A. 171.5 g
B. 175.02 g
 C. 183.22 g
D. 169.80 g

348. If the average body biomass of the ten (10) crabs stocked was 180.0 g, and the animals were fed
daily based at 10% body weight. What is the daily ration for each crab?

A. 18 g
B. 20 g
C. 22.5 g
D. 21.3 g

349. Of the total 10 crabs stocked, only 7 survived after 20 days of fattening in the bamboo pen, what
is the stock survival rate?

A. 70%
B. 75%
C. 80%
D. 85%

350. If the pond for development has a length and width of 100 and 80 m respectively, what is the area
of the pond?

A. 10,000 square meters

B. 8,000 square meters
C. 7,500 square meters
D. 7,000 square meters

351. Technique of harvesting fish in pond -

A. current method (pasulang)

B. total drainage
C. use of MS 222
D. both A & B
E. both B and C

352. A pond system of production where there is a continuous program of pond preparation, stocking,
transfer and harvest. As the fish grow, fish are moved from a smaller to a bigger compartment. The
ponds contiguous to one another are selected to form a module. Once vacated, each pond is
immediately prepared to receive the incoming stock.

A. intensive
B. extensive
C. modular
D. semi-intensive

353. Compute the fry to be purchased from a fry dealer based on the following assumptions:

Target production: 1,200 kg/ha/yr Size of fish: 4 pcs/kg

No. of croppings: 4 times a year
Mortality rate: 50% in the nursery, 5% in the transition or formation, and 5% in the
rearing pond.
Total area of the formation and rearing ponds: 1 ha.

353-A. Compute for total harvest (pcs.).

A. 4,200
 B. 4,800
C. 4,700
D. 3,600

353-B. Compute for percent (%) survival in the nursery, formation and rearing ponds.

A. 50; 95; 95%

B. 45; 90; 90%
C. 50; 90; 95%
D. 45; 95; 95%

353-C. Compute for the fry requirement per year.

A. 10,667 pcs/ha
B. 12,787 pcs/ha
C. 14,765 pcs/ha
D. 16,001 pcs/ha

354. Species of catfish commonly cultured in the Philippines.

A. Clarias batrachus
B. Clarias macrocephalus
C. Clarias gariepinus
D. all of the above