Rajasthan State: Ground Water Year Book 2012 - 2013

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK

2012 – 2013
RAJASTHAN STATE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES
CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD
REGIONAL OFFICE DATA CENTRE

WESTERN REGION
RAJASTHAN
March 2014
GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK 2012 – 2013 - RAJASTHAN – WESTERN REGION, CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD , RAJASTHAN
GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK
2012 – 2013
RAJASTHAN STATE
Compiled by
Dr. A.K.Jain, Sc ‘C’
REGIONAL OFFICE DATA CENTRE

WESTERN REGION
J A I P UR
March 2014
FOREWORD
The limited Ground Water resources of the arid state Rajasthan are
increasingly being exploited for Irrigation, Industrial and Domestic uses. The impact of
these stresses together with effect of monsoon Rainfall pattern distribution is well
reflected in the form of changes in water levels and Groundwater quality changes
Central Ground Water Board is monitoring the behaviour of ground water system four
times a year during a ten days period in May, August, November and January throughout
the State. Interpreted results of this activity are being made available to the State
authorities and other users for planning purposes. The wealth of data generated by
CGWB during the past three decades on the behaviour of ground water system is
available to ground water planning and management organizations. Ground Water Year
Book 2012-2013, Rajasthan is a compilation of the interpreted and basic data on the
behaviour of ground water levels and water quality prevailing during 2012-2013 as
observed from the network of monitoring stations and elucidates the changes that are
observed in comparison with the situation prevailing in 2011-2012 and during the past
decade.
Under present scenario, there is immense need to adopt water conservation

practices in agriculture, domestic and industrial sectors. Artificial recharge to ground
water by rain water harvesting should be the policy directive in all areas of the state
where stage of ground water development has exceeded the assessed replenish-able
component of the resource.
In the preparation of this valuable document, the efforts made by Dr A K

Jain Scientist “B” is commendable. Shri S. K. Jain, Officer Surveyor did appreciable
work of data compilation. The hydrochemical analysis and its presentation by Shri
Yeshveer Singh Asstt. Chemist and his team is also appreciated.
I hope this Ground Water Year Book 2012-2013 will be of immense use to
various user agencies and the concerned departments of State Government of Rajasthan
for planning ground water management programmes on scientific consideration in
different areas of Rajasthan State.
Jaipur,
March, 2014. (P. K. Parchure)
Regional Director
WESTERN REGION
GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK 2012-13

RAJASTHAN
CONTENTS
______________________________________________________________
S.No. Item Page
________________________________________________________________________
FOREWORD
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS v
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES 3
3. CLIMATE 6
4. GEOLOGY 10
5. HYDROGEOLOGY 12
6. GROUND WATER REGIME MONITORING 15
6.1. Distribution of National Hydrograph Stations 15
6.2. Analysis of Data 18
7. ANALYSIS OF COMPOSIT HYDROGRAPH SHOWING 18
INTER-RELATIONSHIP OF GROUND WATER LEVEL,
RAINFALL AND GROUND WATER DRAFT
8. GROUND WATER SCENARIO 24

8.1. Depth to Water 24
8.2. Water Table Scenario 34
8.3 Seasonal Water Level Fluctuation 35
8.4 Annual Water Level Fluctuation 43
8.5 Long Term Ground Water Scenario 52
9. HYDROCHEMISTRY 63
9.1 Standards for Drinking Water Use 63
9.2 Chemical Quality of Ground Water 72
9.2.1 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 72
9.2.2 Electrical conductivity (EC) 72
9.2.3 Chloride (EC) 73
9.2.4 Sulphate (SO4) 75
9.2.5 Nitrate (NO3) 75
9.2.6 Fluoride (F) 76
9.2.7 Total Hardness (TH) 78
9.2.8 Calcium (Ca) 78
9.2.9 Magnesium (Mg) 79
9.2.10 Iron (Fe) 79
RAJASTHAN
***
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Central Ground Water Board has set up a network of 1,206 stations

called the National Hydrograph Network Stations (NHS). During 2012-
2013, measurements of water level, temperature, water quality and other
parameters for monitoring the behaviour of ground water system and
changes in quality regime over time and space was done on 1,206 stations
which comprises of 745 dug wells and 461 piezometers.
2. Water levels and other parameters at site are monitored four times a
year. Water samples for ground water quality (inorganic constituents) are
collected once in a year during May when the concentration of the chemical
constituents is expected to be at the peak level.
3. Major part of the recharge to ground water in the entire State is

through infiltration from rainfall.
4. About 30% of the recharge to ground water in the areas falling under
the irrigated commands of Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojna, Chambal and
Mahi Canal systems is estimated as the seepage contribution from
conveyance systems and return flow from irrigation.
5. Rajasthan State has an area of 3,42,239 Sq.Km. The density of

stations monitored during 2012-13 works out to one station for every
284sq.km. which is considered to be rather low keeping in view the
emerging problems and the ground water scenario in the state.
6. The normal annual rainfall of Rajasthan is 541 mm. However, during

2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 rainfall received was
i
669.9,567.1, 389.3, 687.40 and 727.46 mm. In 2011-12, the rainfall was
34.4.0 % above normal.
7. Rajasthan receives much lower rainfall compared to the other parts of

the country. Out of the total rainfall, a sizable portion is in the beginning of
the rainy season is used for building the soil moisture and is also lost to
evaporation because of its arid conditions. The amount infilterating through
the soil mass to contribute to ground water storage is of the order of 5% to
7% in areas underlain by hard rocks and 10% to 15% in alluvial areas.
8. During all the four recordings of water levels in May, August and
November, 2012 and January, 2013, the depth to ground water was within
20m in more then 60% of the stations.
The summarized details are given in the following table :
_________________________________________________________
Depth to May, 12 August, 12 November, 12 January, 13
water(mbgl) <======== Percentage of Stations==========>
_________________________________________________________
> 40 17.81 18.55 17.04 17.89
20 - 40 21.54 18.11 16.81 17.33
10 - 20 26.78 18.11 17.40 22.08
5 - 10 23.40 16.68 20.50 20.95
2- 5 8.61 14.60 19.67 16.08
> 2 1.86 13.94 8.58 5.66
_________________________________________________________
9. The analysis of water level data brings out the following:

a) Compared to the average water level in the month of May during
the decade 2002 to 2011, 54 % of the station recorded a rise in
water levels in May 2012.
b) Compared to the average water level in the month of August
during the decade 2002 to 2011, 65% of the station recorded a rise
in water levels in August, 2012.
c) Compared to the average water level in the month of November
during the decade 2002 to 2011, 64 % of the station recorded a rise
in water levels in November, 2012.
d) Compared to the average water level in the month of January
during the decade 2003 to 2012, 60 % of the station recorded a rise
in water levels in January, 2013.
ii
e) In August, 2012 as compared to May, 2012 rise in water levels was
recorded in 73% of the stations and fall in the remaining 27%
stations.
f) In November, 2012, rise and fall over May, 2012 in water
levels was recorded in 69% and 31 % stations respectively.
g) In January, 2013, rise and fall over May, 2012 in water levels was
recorded in 69 % & 31 % respectively.
10. Water level have registered rise in 4 to 18% less monitoring station in
2012-2013 as compared to 2011-12 .
Comparison of water level fluctuation

Period 2011-2012 2012-2013 Variation in rise of
Rise (%) Fall (%) Rise (%) Fall (%) water level %
May-Aug 80 20 73 27 -7
May-Nov 79 21 69 31 -10
May-Jan 73 27 69 31 -4
May-May 60 40 55 45 -5
Aug-Aug 65 35 47 53 -18
Nov-Nov 60 40 47 53 -13
Jan -Jan 56 44 46 54 -10
11. The state receives 34% more rainfall then normal rainfall during
(2011-12), so about 54 % of monitoring stations a rise in water levels (Mean
May Vs May,2012) has been observed.
12. The hard rocks occupy more than 50% of the area of the state in the
west-central, south-eastern and southern parts. The storage of ground water
in hard rocks is in the weathered mantle, joints and fractures which provide
only limited storage space. Therefore, only a part of the rainfall is available
as ground water storage in many areas. This situation warrants full
consideration in the planning process.
13. The chemical quality of the ground water has been evaluated by
analysing 684 samples collected from National Hydrograph Stations and
nearby wells. The broad details are given in the following table :
iii
Constituents Percentage of Samples falling within
Desirable Maximum Beyond Permissible
limits Permissible limits
limits
Total Dissolvd Solids 11.4 63.60 25.29
Fluorides (F) 53.65 16.52 29.97
Limits of the various constituents in parts Per Million for Potable Category
_______________________________________________________________
Constituents Desirable Maximum
limits Permissible
limits
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. TDS 500 2,000
2. F 1.0 1.5
________________________________________________________________
14. The manner of deposition of geological formations and arid climatic

condition has led to high salinity in ground water at variable depths.
Keeping in view of the national standard of 500ppm TDS in drinking
water, 11.40 % samples fall within this limit. In addition, 63.60% of the
samples recorded TDS within 2000ppm i.e the maximum permissible
limit for drinking water. Alternative arrangements for assuring water for
drinking and domestic uses within the prescribed national standards
therefore, need to be made in the remaining areas represented by 25.29%
of the samples. The situation is worsening in some areas because of human
interference.
15. Districts of Bhilwara, Churu, Dausa, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh,

Jaisalmer, Nagaur, Pali Sirohi and Tonk are worst affected districts with
fluoride contamination where more than 40% of stations have fluoride
value greater than 1.5 mg/L.
16. During 2012-13 a Workshop on “Groundwater Scenario of Jaipur

Urban Area” has been organized at State Institute of Health & Family
Welfare, Jhalana Institutional area, Jaipur by Central Ground Water Board,
Western Region, Jaipur. Two no. of State level training (Tier II) on “
Aquifer Information System & Aquifer Management Plan” have been
orgainsed at Jodhpur & Jaipur for the duration of one week. Six no. of
Block/Village level training (Tier III) program on “ Aquifer Information
System & Aquifer Management Plan” have been conducted in the districts
of Ajmer, Bansara, Dausa, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer & Sikar. In addition to this
iv
State Level Painting competition on water conservation has been
organized by Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India,
Central Ground Water Board in the premises of office of CGWB, WR,
Jaipur.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. There is progressive increase in ground water draft due to increasing

population, urbanization and industralisation. In as many as 166 blocks the draft
has exceeded the estimated replenishable resource. In 25 blocks, the stage of
development has reached Critical levels (Ground water resource estimation 2009).
Any further increase in the draft will aggravate the already worsened
situation of declining water levels and/or degrading water quality in some areas.
2. Planning for the development and management of ground water in any area
in the state must address the factors like low rainfall, limited ground water storage
availability, ground water salinity in many areas, deep water levels in most of
western parts of state and desertic conditions in nearly 50% of the state’s area.
These aspects should be taken as a core consideration for planning and
implementing ground water development and management programmes. A
holistic approach taking all aspects into consideration shall therefore, need to be
adopted.
3. Artificial recharge of ground water by arresting storm water run-off during

monsoon seasons should be the policy directive in all areas with ground water
draft more than 90% of the assessed replenishable resource or areas where
decline either in the pre- or post-monsoon water levels is observed or the areas
where adequate storage capacity is available. The following specific measures
will improve the situation and help lessen the stress on the system :
a: In areas where the situations of over-draft are manifested in

declining water levels, action to reduce the draft by atleast 20% must
be taken as an immediate measure. The impact of reduced draft be
monitored over 2-3 years to enable development of a scientifically based
long-term management strategy.
b: In areas where depth to water in May is more than 10 metres,

adequate storage capacity is available in the aquifer systems.
Storage of additional water underground shall not only ensure availability
of water at places of requirement during dry season but also result in huge
savings in evaporation losses.
v
c: Paving of surface for providing civic amenities in the towns &
cities has led to reduced infiltration and increased run-off during the
rainy season. Rainwater harvesting structures should therefore be
constructed to intrercept and recharge the roof-top run-off from
individual house-holds in feasible areas. Such a provision should be
encoursed by local municipal bodies.
d: Concurrent with the above measures should proceed the work

of impounding & recharging the storm water run-off from other
sources. The storm water drains, where filled up or where the
concept itself stands abandoned, must be revived. Suitable locations
in nalas & gullies should be utilised for the construction of check-
dams, sub-surface dams, ponds etc. for ensuring stagnation of water &
thus its infiltration underground for augmenting ground water
storage. Such structures must be located & designed keeping in full
view the geology, Geomorphology and hydrogeological set-up prevailing
in the area .
e: Under the programme of artificial recharge Studies, CGWB has also

constructed 13 Roof-top rain water harvesting stuctures in Jaipur at
Governor’s House, Secretariat, MREC, Chief Minister’s Residence, GWD
office, Vitta Bhawan, High court and CGWB office, etc. One such recharge
stucture has been complted in Udaipur urban area. CGWB has also
constructed a sub-surface barrier at Mainpura on Kantli river in Jhunjhunu
district and three sub- surface barrirres in Sikar district to augument ground
water resources locally. Besides technical guidance is rendered to
individuals, socities, NGO’s, group housing socities for rainwater
harvesting.
4. Re-use & recycling of urban waste water should receive added attention of
muncipal bodies. The liquid urban wastes can be recycled through aquifers to
improve their quality and pumped out for reuse particularly for irrigation. It shall
however, be essential to ensure that urban & industrial wastes are not inter-
mixed. Where such a situation exists, the industrial wastes must be treated before
disposal to remove the toxic elements. Liquid urban wastes can also be used
for direct irrigation in suitable areas after atleast primary treatment. Recycling of
urban wastes shall reduce dependance on ground water to some extent and shall
also ensure conservation and use of the waste water which is other-wise lost to
evaporation.
5. To reduce dependance of ground water, measures aimed at affecting

economy in water use be implemented. These could include inastallation of new
small capacity cisterns in toilets and other house-hold means of saving water, use
of improved irrigation systems - sprinkler and drip. Where feasible, metering
vi
of water and charging of economic costs, relocating high water-use industries
to surplus water available areas etc. be undertaken.
6. Whereas declines in ground water levels are noticed in many areas, in the
canal command areas of IGNP, Chambal, Mahi and other surface irrigation
systems the menace of water-logging is becoming increasingly visible/
pronounced. Improved irrigation practices and cropping pattren and controlled
water supplies from canals coupled with mandatory development of ground water
for meeting atleast 50% of the water requirements are urgently called for in such
areas. For promoting ground water development, subsidies should be provided.
Any further delay in executing preventive and remedial measures aimed at
mitigating water-logging conditions will result in large areas going out of
agriculture and / or reduction in farm output besides degradation of the
environment and eco-system of the area.
7. Instances of growing levels of nitrates in ground water are noticed due to

haphazard disposal of wastes, particularly faecal disposals in urban areas.
Educating of public in the maintenance of hygiene and installation of
organized sewerage system will go a long way in reducing this hazard.
8. Disposal of solid wastes in natural or man-made depressions without

adequate scientific considerations is bound to pollute ground water in due course.
As a measure of precaution, it is therefore, essential that solid wastes from
major cities and towns are disposed off in scientifically located and designed
sites and structures for recycling and reuse. Detailed investigations to locate such
sites must be initiated urgently.
9. Impact of the release of industrial wastes in an unsystematic manner and

without pre-disposal treatment is causing deterioration in ground water
quality. To cite an instance, the liquid waste from the cloth printing and dyeing
industry near Jaipur is leading to an increase in fluoride content in ground water.
High fluoride content in the effluent is derived from a dye. The effluent is also
being disposed off without being decolourized. Urgent measures including
awareness and if need be, punitive action may have to be taken to contain further
degradation in the quality. Ground water pollution is of serious proporation due to
dyeing & printing industry in Balotra, texturing etc. in Pali and dyeing and
processing industry in Bhilwara areas. Central Ground Water Authority and
Pollution Control Boards may consider suitable actions, both preventive and
remedial, and drawing up of long-term plans in this regard.
10. Since ground water abstraction structures are individually owned,

operated and managed, it is difficult to have an account of ground water
abstraction by volume. Voluntary registration of structures needs to be
encouraged so as to obviate the requirement for enactment and enforcement of
any legal measures.
vii
11. Whereas restrictions must be laid on the construction and energization of
individually owned structures for drinking and domestic use with a view to avoid
wastage of water, adequate supply from municipal water supply system shall
have to be ensured in such areas. Ground water markets, where these are
developing will have to be regulated.
12. Ground water development is a ‘People’s programme’. Therefore,

education and involvement of people in its management- development,
conservation, protection and augmentation projects will be the prime
requisite to protect resource against quality degradation and guarantee quality
assurance. Mass awareness programmes aimed at educating the users of the
adverse effects of over-exploitation of ground water on its quality
and quantity and environment; economic and efficient use of water, voluntary
regulation of abstraction, etc. will ensure utilisastion of the resource at
optimal levels.
13. The National Hydrograph Monitoring Network was designed by CGWB

more than 30 years back. It has been progressively strengthened during the
period. However, most of the stations set up are dugwells which are going in
disuse and are therefore neither representative nor ideal for getting the full and
dependable information on resource behaviour and regime monitoring. Even
though some 396 purpose-built stations have been established, the number is
rather too meagre keeping in view the size of the state and the changing ground
water levels and quality regime scenario. The network thus need to be
strengthened with construction of purpose built stations for monitoring of water
level and water quality in vulnerable areas like the industrial zones, mining and
smelting complexes and urban agglomerates.
14. With the aim of regulation and management of ground water in Over-
Exploited areas 34 no. of blocks of the state have been notified by Central Ground
Water Authority. Registration of existing ground water structures has been done
through state agencies.
15. A holistic and integrated approach in relation to ground water

development, protection, conservation and augmentation involving a combination
of two or more aspects must be adopted for all areas in the state to ensure
sustainability of the ground water development programmes.
viii
WESTERN REGION
RAJASTHAN
***
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The state of Rajasthan comprising 33 districts has a geographical area of
3,42,239 square kilometre (sq km) and is the largest state in the country . It is
situated between north latitudes 230 03’
and 300 12’ and east longitudes 690
30’ and 780 17’. The ground water
monitoring is being carried out through
a network of observation wells - the
National Hydrograph Network Stations
(NHS).
The National Hydrograph
Network Stations set-up is a system of
spatially distributed observation points
at which periodic monitoring of ground

water and regime behaviour viz. recording
of water levels and temperature and
collection of water samples for water
(chemical) quality analysis are done. The
main objectives of monitoring of water
levels and water quality are to observe the
rise and fall of ground water levels and to
study changes in quality of water in space
and time consequent to changes in the
inputs and outputs. Database on ground water levels and quality created through
this effort forms an important tool in the evaluation of optimum development and
decision making on the various aspects of water resources management. Presently
1206 NHS in the state are being monitored. The district-wise distribution is
given in Table -1 and water level data
of monitoring stations is in Annexure-I.
Table 1: AREA OF DISTRICT AND NUMBER OF NHS AS ON 31.3.2013

S.No District Geographica Number of NHS monitored
. l area (sq Dug well Piezomete Total
km) r
1 Ajmer 8,481 25 10 35
2 Alwar 8,380 15 29 44
3 Banswara 4536.08 28 16 44
4 Baran 6,955 21 1 22
5 Barmer 28,387 39 12 51
6 Bharatpur 5,100 27 23 50
7 Bhilwara 10,455 33 4 37
8 Bikaner 27,244 35 46 81
9 Bundi 5,550 14 0 14
10 Chittorgarh 7880.00 16 4 20
11 Churu 16,830 33 11 44
12 Dausa 3,470 7 29 36
13 Dhaulpur 3,000 10 7 17
14 Dungarpur 3,770 19 6 25
15 Ganganagar 10,978 38 7 45
16 Hanumangarh 9,656 35 23 58
17 Jaipur 11,066 15 50 65
18 Jaisalmer 38,401 33 28 61
19 Jalore 10,640 7 13 20
20 Jhalawar 6,219 27 6 33
21 Jhunjhunu 5,928 6 32 38
22 Jodhpur 22,850 38 34 72
23 Karauli 5,016 17 3 20
24 Kota 5,481 18 0 18
25 Nagaur 17,718 26 6 32
26 Pali 12,387 23 2 25
27 Pratapgarh* 4359.80 21 2 23
28 Rajsamand 4,768 29 03 32
29 Sawai Madhopur 5,043 17 2 19
30 Sikar 7,732 5 31 36
31 Sirohi 5,136 12 4 16
32 Tonk 7,194 18 10 28
33 Udaipur 11760.60 38 07 45
RAJASTHAN 342,239 745 461 1206
*Newly created district
2
2.0 PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
2.1 Topography
The state has a fairly mature topography developed during the long period of
denudation and erosion. The present
physiography and landforms are
greatly determined by geological
formations and structures and is the
product of the past fluvial cycle of
erosion and the recent & continuing
desert cycle of erosion.
Physiographically the state can
be divided into four units:
(a) Aravalli hill ranges

( b) Eastern plains
(c) Western Sandy Plain and Sand
Dunes and
(d) Vindhyan Scarpland and Deccan Lava Plateau
2.1.1 Aravalli Hill Ranges

The Aravalli ranges trending NE -SW are the oldest mountain chain in India.
The elevation of these hill ranges varies from about 600 metres to over 900
metres above mean sea level (m amsl). They are composed of Bhilwara, Aravalli
and Delhi Supergroup of rocks ranging in age from Archaean {2500 million year
(my)} to Proterozoic (740 my). These ranges form a series of rugged hills with
rounded surfaces. The quartzites however, stand out as scarps. Near Ajmer, these
separate out southwestwards into a number of parallel ridges. At Mount Abu ,
the clusters of granite peaks reach a maximum height of 1722 m amsl at Guru
Sikhar.
2.1.2 The Eastern Plains
In the plains, east of the Aravalli ranges, the altitude varies from 150 m to
450m amsl. The general trend of the slope varies from place to place. In Dungarpur
and Banswara districts it is mainly from north to south, in Alwar district it is
from south to north and in the remaining districts, forming the central and north
eastern Rajasthan, it is from west to east. The south - eastern limit is marked by the
Vindhyan plateau.
3
2.1.3 The Western Sandy Plains and Sand Dunes
The sandy plains in western Rajasthan, forming a part of Thar Desert, are
mainly occupied by alluvium and blown sands. These plains are further
sub-divided into three units :
i) Sandy Arid Plain (Marusthali)
ii) Semi-arid Transitional Plain
iii) Ghaggar Plain
The Sandy Arid Plain is a typical desert terrain. It includes the western most
districts of Jaisalmer, Bikaner and part of Barmer, Jodhpur, Nagaur, Churu and
Ganganagar. The line dividing the Sandy Arid Plain and the Semi-arid
Transitional Plain as well as Ghaggar Plain is based on climatic parameters and
water resource availability.
The eastern boundary of the Semi-arid Transitional Plain are the foot-hills
and their extension on the western side of Aravalli ranges. Sand dunes are
prominent and the terrain is punctuated with isolated hills of granites and rhyolites.
The altitude varies from 30m to 300m amsl. The general slope is from northeast to
southwest.
The Ghaggar Plain consists mainly of former flood plains and aeolian
deposits. A network of canals cover the entire area. The southern and southeastern
part is occupied by medium to high dunes. Nineteen of these interdunal
depressions are being utilised for storing the diverted Ghaggar flood waters. The
central part of the Ghaggar Plain is drained by the regulated flood waters of
Ghaggar river.
2.1.4 Vindhyan Scarpland and Deccan Lava Plateau

The southeastern plains are locally characterised by plateau, scarpland and
ravines. The Vindhyan scarpland are seen all along the Great Boundary Fault from
Chittorgarh to the trijunction of Bharatpur, Dholpur and Sawai Madhopur districts.
They have an average elevation of 300m to 580m amsl.
The Deccan Lava Plateau is mainly confined to parts of Kota, Jhalawar,
Banswara and Chittorgarh districts. The elevation ranges from 300m to over
500m amsl.
The ravines, locally impassable, are confined to the alluvium
overlying the Vindhyans in Dholpur, Sawaì Madhopur, Jhalawar and Kota districts
along the Chambal river and its tributaries.
2.2 Drainage
The Aravalli Hill Ranges form the main water divide in Rajasthan. Luni is
the only river west of Aravallis. In the remaining area of western Rajasthan
4
comprising about 60% of the geographical area of the state, the drainage is
internal, and the streams are lost in the desert sands after flowing for a short
distance from the point of origin. Luni itself essentially is an ephemeral stream
with flood cycle of 16 years. Drainage in western Rajasthan is towards west and
south - west.
In the east of Aravalli ranges the main drainage is towards north - east. The
Chambal catchment occupies 23% (78630 sq km) of the total geographical area of
the state (Table 2).
Table 2: DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY OF NHS IN RIVER BASINS
Area in sq. Area % NHS No. NHS % Density in

BASIN km sq.
Sr. No. km/Station
1 Chambal 78630.83 22.92 319 26.45 246
2 Draining into Gulf of Kutch 2722.53 0.79 13 1.08 209
3 Jaiselmer-Bikaner-Churu 69875.57 20.37 173 14.34 404
4 Luni and other drainage into Great Rann of Kutch 62315.84 18.16 147 12.19 424
5 Luni-Barmer-Jaiselmer 58899.97 17.17 140 11.61 421
6 Mahi 16140 4.70 104 8.62 155
7 Rohtali to Ambala on east and Ganganagar on West 14992.14 4.37 85 7.05 176
8 Sabarmati 4196.27 1.22 11 0.91 381
9 Sutlej 4511.64 1.32 20 1.66 226
10 Yamuna 30791.06 8.98 194 16.09 159
Grand Total 343075.9 100.00 1206 100.00 284
The other important catchments include Yamuna-Ganga in the north east, and
Mahi and Sabarmati in the south west with flow towards south. The former three
catchments support perennial rivers. In the northern and north-eastern parts of
eastern Rajasthan, the Banganga, Barah, Sota, Sahib and Kantli rivers are of inland
nature. The drainage in the whole of Rajasthan is generally dendritic.
In the desert area a few salt lakes and depressions exist, prominent among
them being the Sambhar lake, Didwana lake, Bap, Pachpadra and Rann of
Jaisalmer and Pokran.
5
3.0 CLIMATE
3.1 Climate
Climatically, the year in Rajasthan can be divided into three major conventional
seasons as follows :
- The Hot- Weather Season (March to end of June)
- Monsoon Season (End of June to September)
- The Cold- Weather Season (October to February)
The India Meteorological Department has further sub-divided the cold

season into two divisions, i.e.
a) The Season of retreating monsoon (October to December)
b) The cold season (January to February)
These seasonal variations have been broadly based on temperature and

rainfall conditions in different months.
3.2 Rainfall
Rainfall is the major source of ground water recharge in the state. The state
receives 90 % rainfall from southwest monsoon from June to September. The
winter rainfall is meagre.
There are 292 Raingauge stations in the state. The annual rainfall data (June
to May) of four years 2007-08 to 2011-12 have been analysed to calculate average
rainfall of each district in the respective years. The average annual rainfall of the
state during the period 2011-12 works out to be 727.46 mm.The percentage
departures of average annual rainfall from normal (1901-70) have been computed
for the last five years and tabulated in Table 3. It is observed that the average
annual rainfall in the state, during the year 2011-12, is 34.4.0% more than the
normal annual rainfall. The average annual rainfall in the state during the
preceding year i.e. 2010-11 was less than 27.0 % to normal annual rainfall.
6
7
TABLE 3: AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL AND DEPARTURE FROM NORMAL RAINFALL
Sr. District Rainfall in mm Departure form normal rainfall
No.
Normal Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual (07-08) (08-09) (09-10) (10 - 11) (11-12)
(1901- (2007- (2008- (2009- (2010- (2011-
% % % % %
70) 08) 09) 10) 11) 12)
1 Ajmer 437 444.8 435.5 257.4 693.16 655.05 1.8 -0.3 -41.1 58.6 49.9
2 Alwar 626 579.8 854.3 524.7 783.59 599.59 -7.4 36.5 -16.2 25.2 -4.2
3 Banswara 870 808.2 557.3 723.8 622.13 1030.21 -7.1 -35.6 -16.8 -28.5 18.4
4 Baran 895.3 1270.7 949.5 701.6 612.19 1528.38 41.9 6.1 -21.6 -31.6 70.7
5 Barmer 260 659.9 278.9 153.8 554.38 430.25 153.8 7.3 -40.8 113.2 65.5
6 Bharatpur 675.1 381.5 771.3 573.8 820.70 781.34 -43.5 14.2 -15 21.6 15.7
7 Bhilwara 603.3 834 564.5 375.4 709.75 602.00 38.2 -6.4 -37.8 17.6 -0.2
8 Bikaner 249.8 246 294.1 173.6 433.50 354.06 -1.5 17.7 -30.5 73.5 41.7
9 Bundi 715.8 656.5 626.9 428.2 649.37 883.62 -8.3 -12.4 -40.2 -9.3 23.4
10 Chittorgarh 772.3 1256.7 797.2 640.7 794.21 870.96 62.7 3.2 -17 2.8 12.8
11 Churu 337.9 318.7 466.8 216.5 688.67 582.00 -5.7 38.1 -35.9 103.8 72.2
12 Dausa 625.7 488.3 808.4 433 757.60 776.80 -22 29.2 -30.8 21.1 24.1
13 Dhaulpur 717.5 479.3 1007.8 489.6 738.83 632.67 -33.2 40.5 -31.8 3.0 -11.8
14 Dungarpur 610.4 1420.3 460.3 721.4 599.25 961.33 132.7 -24.6 18.2 -1.8 57.5
15 Ganganagar 171.6 282.2 287.2 212.3 370.44 336.11 64.5 67.4 23.7 115.9 95.9
Hanumangar
16 h 237.5 308.9 339.4 199.6 438.29 369.24 30.1 42.9 -16 84.5 55.5
17 Jaipur 526.8 419.1 625.6 314.1 826.45 628.14 -20.4 18.8 -40.4 56.9 19.2
18 Jaisalmer 158.6 300.9 206.3 99 396.67 309.17 89.7 30.1 -37.6 150.1 94.9
19 Jalore 400.6 871.9 353.5 167 834.97 681.22 117.6 -11.8 -58.3 108.4 70.0
20 Jhalawar 884.8 1323.1 685.6 657.4 625.78 1190.97 49.5 -22.5 -25.7 -29.3 34.6
21 Jhunjhunu 459.5 462 543.7 262.6 831.57 629.71 0.5 18.3 -42.9 81.0 37.0
22 Jodhpur 296.7 298.6 329 143.1 481.29 403.96 0.6 10.9 -51.8 62.2 36.2
23 Karauli 616.2 466.6 986.3 535.2 768.92 734.80 -24.3 60.1 -13.1 24.8 19.2
24 Kota 808.7 952.5 780.4 578.3 595.65 1268.27 17.8 -3.5 -28.5 -26.3 56.8
25 Nagaur 363.1 315.5 427.8 161.9 554.34 325.05 -13.1 17.8 -55.4 52.7 -10.5
26 Pali 484.5 667.3 348 260 652.78 661.67 37.7 -28.2 -46.3 34.7 36.6
27 Rajsamand 556.1 818 393.8 408.4 842.29 772.57 47.1 -29.2 -26.6 51.5 38.9
Sawai
28 Madhopur 655.8 492.1 740.9 478.6 666.29 839.43 -25 13 -27 1.6 28.0
29 Sikar 459.8 387.5 508.1 226.6 868.71 600.57 -15.7 10.5 -50.7 88.9 30.6
30 Sirohi 606.3 1533.9 498.4 437.6 942.15 1079.40 153 -17.8 -27.8 55.4 78.0
31 Tonk 598.2 416.5 599.2 308.3 790.74 866.88 -30.4 0.2 -48.5 32.2 44.9
32 Udaipur 632.7 1274.7 622.4 593 895.89 893.33 101.5 -1.6 -6.27 41.6 41.2
RAJASTHAN 541.1 669.9 567.1 389.3 687.40 727.46 23.8 4.81 -28.1 27.0 34.4
8
A perusal of Table 3 reveals that during year 2011-12, 28 districts received rainfall
above annual normal rainfall and among which Ganganagar district received
95.9% above normal annual rainfall. But four districts received below normal
annual rainfall.
The isohytes of annual rainfall (2011-12) indicates that the rainfall in the
east of Aravalli is significantly higher as compared to the western part.
AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL & DEPARTURES

FROM NORMAL RAINFALL
800 40
700 30
600 20
DEPARTURES, %
RAINFALL, mm
500 10
400 0
300 -10
200 -20
100 -30
0 -40
(2007-08) (2008-09) (2009-10) (2010-11) (2011-12)
PERIOD
Rainfall Departures
3.3 Temprature
The hot weather season commences in the month of March and continues
through April to June. In the month of May the diurnal range of temperature
increases more and the day become hotter. During June the mean maximum
temperature reaches as high as 480 C.
January is the coldest month.The normal minimum temperature for the

month of January range from 20 C in the north to 7.80 C in the south west in the
western Rajasthan. At Mount Abu (1195 mamsl), temperature dips to freezing
point during the month of December /January. In eastern Rajasthan the range of
normal minimum temperature (January) in and around the Aravalli hill ranges is 70
C to 80 C which increases towards the east and attains a high of more than 100 C in
the districts of Kota and Bundi.
9
4.0 GEOLOGY
Diverse rock types ranging from the oldest Archaean rocks to sub- Recent
alluvium and wind blown sand are exposed in Rajasthan. In a major portion of the
area, particularly in western Rajasthan, the oldest rocks are concealed below a
thick cover of alluvium and wind blown sands. A generalised stratigraphic
succession of various formations and rock types is given in Table-4. Distribution
of NHS in relation to various litho-units is given in Table-5
4.1 Archaeans
The Archaeans in Rajasthan are represented by Bhilwara
Supergroup and comprise Banded Gneissic Complex representing the oldest
metasedimentary sequence alongwith Berach Granite.
4.2 Proterozoics
Aravallis: Aravalli Supergroup unconformably overlies the Archaeans and
consists of phyllites, greywackes, quartzites and dolomites intruded by granites
and mafic rocks.
Delhis: These are exposed over a large part of central and north eastern
Rajasthan and consist dominantly of quartzites, biotite-schist, calc-schist and
marble.
Vindhyans: Vindhyans unconformably overlie Delhis and have been deposited in

two separate basins on either side of the Aravallis. In the eastern part these
comprise unmetamorphosed, relatively undisturbed, sandstones, limestones and
shales. Great Boundary Fault separates them from Aravallis and Archeans.
Intrusives and extrusives: Nepheline syenites are exposed around

Kishangarh and are post-Delhi in age. Erinpura Granite is the principal intrusive
into the Delhis and are exposed around Ajmer and Mount Abu. Malani Suit of
Igneous rocks consisting of rhyolites and pyroclastic material are exposed around
Jodhpur and are post-Delhi in age.
10
Table 4: GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
GEOLOGICAL TIME UNIT LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC LITHOLOGY

TIME UNIT
ERA PERIOD SUPERGROUP / GROUP
RECENT Alluvium and blown sand
CAINOZOIC Eocene Mandai/ Akli/ Kapurdih/ Jogira/ Sandstone, bentonitic clay &
(TERTIARY) Banda/ Khuiala / Palana fuller’s earth
DECCAN TRAPS Basalt
Cretaceous Abur / Fatehgarh Sandstone, limestone, caly
MESOZOIC and lignite
Jurasic Paruhar/ Bhadesar/ Baisakhi/ Limetstone, sandstone &
Jaisalmer/ Lathi shale
Permo- Carboniferous Bhadura Sandstone & boulders
PALAEOZOIC Marwar Nagaur/ Bilara/ Sandstone, gypsum,
Jodhpur siltstone, limestone,
dolomite & shale
Bhander/ Rewa/ Sandstone, shale, limestone,
Vindhyan Kaimur/ Semri conglomerate & basic flows
UPPER Acid,Basic and Ultrabasic Intrusives and Extrusives
PROTEROZOIC Malani Volcanics / Plutonics
Kishangarh Syenite
Ajabgarh/ Quartzite, schist, gneiss,
Delhi Alwar/ Sirohi/ marble, shale, slate, phyllite
Punagarh/ & basic flows
LOWER Raialo
PROTEROZOIC Granite, Basic & Ultrabasic Intrusives
Jharol/ Bari/ Quartzite, schist, phyllite,
Aravalli Udaipur/ conglomerate, greywacke,
Debari metavolcanics & marble
Granite & Basic Intrusives
Ranthamobre/ Phyllite, slates, schist,
ARACHAEAN Bhilwara Rajpura-Dariba gneiss, granite gneiss &
/Hindoli migmatites
4.3 Palaeozoics
In the western part of the state, Marwar Super Group of Lower Palaeozoic
age consists of three groups namely Jodhpur group (mainly sandstone & shale),
Bilara Group (mainly limestones and dolomite) and Nagaur group (sandstone,
siltstone and gypsum). Overlying the Marwar Super Group are the Badhura
Formation of Permo-Carboniferous age comprising sandstones and boulders.
4.4 Mesozoics
Mesozoics are exposed mainly in Jaisalmer and Barmer districts. These
comprise sandstones and limestones.
11
4.5 Deccan Traps
Deccan Traps occupy a part of southeastern segment of the state covering
parts of Banswara, Baran, Jhalawar and Chittorgarh districts. These overlie pre-
Aravallis, Aravallis and Vindhyans. These are basaltic to doleritic in composition
and are uniform over a large area.
4.6 Tertiaries
Sandstones, bentonitic clay and Fuller’s earth are the
main litho-units and are exposed in Barmer, Bikaner and Jaisalmer districts.
4.7 Recent
This group consists of alluvium, blown sands, kankar and evaporites and are
widely spread in the state.
5.0 HYDROGEOLOGY
The principal source of recharge to ground water in Rajasthan is rainfall. In

canal irrigated areas, a part of canal water through seepage from conveyance
system and part of water i.e. utilised for irrigation also returns to ground water and
contributes to storage.
For broadly grouping geological formations from ground water occurrence

& movement considerations, the various lithological units have been classified into
two groups on the basis of their degree of consolidation and related parametres
These are:
I Porous formations
(a) Unconsolidated formations
(b) Semi- consolidated formations
II Fissured fromations
(a) Consolidated sedimentary rocks
(b) Igneous and metamorphic rocks
(c) Volcanic rocks
(d) Carbonate rocks
12
Ground Water Potential (Yield in liters/sec)
Aquifers with primary intergranular

porosity
Aquifers with secondary

intergranular porosity & fracture
Regions with limited groundwater, compact formations with less
intergranular porosity & fracture
13
5.1 Porous Formations
The Quaternary sediments comprising younger as well as older alluvium are
the most important unconsolidated formations due to their wide-spread occurrence.
The sediments are composed of clay, silt, sand, gravel and mixture of concretions
etc. Sand, gravel and admixture of these form the potential aquifers in northern,
eastern, north-eastern, western and south-western parts of the state. The maximum
drilled thickness of alluvium is 543.51 metre below ground level (m bgl) at
Anupgarh in Ganganagar district.
The semi-consolidated formations belonging to Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and

Cainozoic Groups are composed of siltstone, claystone, sandstone, shale,
conglomerate and limestone. Sandstones and limestones form the main aquifers in
Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Barmer and Bikaner districts. Sandstones of Lathi formation
are the most potential aquifers in the districts of Jaisalmer, Jodhpur and Barmer.
5. 2 Fissured Formations
Fissured formations, as hydrogeological unit, occupy 32 % area of the state
and can be broadly classified into four units.
Consolidated sedimentary rocks, excluding carbonate rocks, include

sandstones and shales. In eastern and south-eastern part of the state these belong to
Vindhyan Supergroup whereas in western Rajasthan these belong to the Marwar
Supergroup.
Igneous and metamorphic rocks of lower Proterozoic age comprise slate,
quartzite, phyllite, schist, gneiss and various crystallines of Bhilwara Supergroup.
These are mostly found in the districts of Banswara, Dungarpur, Udaipur,
Chittorgarh, Bhilwara, Tonk, Jaipur, Alwar and Jhunjhunu in eastern Rajasthan
and Nagaur, Churu, Barmer, Jaisalmer, Pali, Jalore, Sirohi and Jodhpur districts in
western Rajasthan.
Volcanic rocks include Deccan Trap Lava Flows and occur in parts of
Barmer, Jhalawar, Chittorgarh and Banswara districts. These are basaltic to
doleritic in composition. Occurrence and movement of ground water in these
fromations is controlled by the presence of vesicles, extent of weathering, jointing
and fracture pattern.
Carbonate rocks include limestone, marble and dolomite of Proterozoic and
Upper Palaeozoic to Mesozoic age and occupy parts of Kota, Bundi, Jaipur, Sawai
Madhopur and Alwar districts on the eastern side of Aravallis and parts of Nagaur,
Bikaner, Jaisalmer and Jodhpur districts in western Rajasthan.
6.0 GROUND WATER REGIME MONITORING

14
Ground water monitoring is carried out mostly through a network of
observation open wells all over the state. A few purpose-built stations
(piezometers) have also been installed. These wells serve as permanent hydrograph
network stations. The network of observation station is being improved by
construction of new purpose-built piezometers. This will provide a better scientific
environ, represent the true state of water levels and an even distribution of
observation stations in the state.
At present the National Hydrograph Network Stations are being
monitored four times a year simultaneously throughout the state on the under-
mentioned dates:
May : 20th to 30th of the month - Represent water level of Premonsoon
period
August : 20th to 30th of the month - Represent peak water level of
monsoon period
November: 1st to 10th of the month - Represent water level of
Post-monsoon period
January : 1st to 10th of the month - Represent water level during
irrigation period
Water sample are collected from each of the network station during May
(Premonsoon) every year to evaluate the changes in quality regime of ground
water.
6.1 Distribution of the National Hydrograph Stations:
A total of 1206 stations were monitored in the entire state. Arrangements

for selection of alternative sites in place of dried up dug wells and cleaning &
rehabilitation of piezometres that have been damaged due to tempering by
ignorance are being made. Out of 1206 NHS, open dug-wells were 745 and
piezometers 461. The district-wise distribution of hydrograph stations is in Table -
1. For computation of unit area per NHS, the effective area is arrived at by
subtracting the forest and hill area from total geographical area. Thus on an
average one NHS represents 284 sq km. The density of the stations is considered to
be low. The net-work is therefore under redesigning and alternative new stations
shall be set-up within few year timeframe to bring the net-work to a near optimal
level.
15
30
DISTRIBUTION OF NHS (BASIN-WISE)
25
Percentage of HNS
20
15
10
0
Chambal
Jaiselmer-
Mahi
Sabarmati
Draining into
Luni-Barmer-
Ganganagar
Sutlej
drainage into
Yamuna
Great Rann
Bikaner-
Ambala on
Rohtali to
Jaiselmer
Churu
east and
Luni and
on West
of Kutch
Gulf of
Kutch
other
Basin
In all there are 10 main river basins in the state. The break up of NHS and
basin area of each river basin is given in the Table -2. The correlation between
percentage geographical area of river basin and percentage of NHS in each basin
closely match except in the zone of inland drainage. This is because of the fact
that the districts of western Rajasthan viz. Barmer, Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Nagaur and
Churu occupying 35 % of the total geographical area of the state are thinly
populated. Hence the population of ground water structures is also less as
compared to other parts.
The distribution of NHS in the state in major hydrogeological units is given

in Table-5.
16
Table5: DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROGRAPH NETWORK
STATIONS IN DIFFERENT HYDROGEOLOGICAL
UNITS
Area NHS Density
AGE FORMATION TYPE Sq.
Sq. km % No. %
km/Station
Blown Sand,
Quarternary Recent older Unconsolidated 145954 42.55 550 45.61 265
alluvium
Sandstone,
Siltstonme,
Tertiary-Upper Palaozoic Semi Consolidated 36468 10.63 74 6.14 493
Shale,
Limestone
Basalt,
Mesozoic Effusive 9092 2.65 43 3.57 211
Intrertrapeans
Limestone,
Sedimentaries 10189 2.97 23 1.91 443
Dolomite
Proterozoic
Sandstone,
Sedimentaries 51116 14.90 156 12.94 328
Shale
Quartzite,
Lower Proterozoic Phyllite,Schist, Meta-sediments 73493 21.42 323 26.78 228
Gneiss,Marble
Granite,
Archaeon Basal Crystallines 16741 4.88 37 3.07 452
Metamorphics
RAJASTHAN TOTAL 343053 100.00 1206 100.00 284
Out of 1,206 NHS, 42.55 % are in unconsolidated formation of Quaternary

age and 10.63 % in semi-consolidated formations of Tertiary and Upper Palaozoic
age. The consolidated formations have 46.82 % of the total NHS.
17
6.2 Analysis of data
The water levels reflect the cumulative effect on ground water regime as a
consequence of natural recharge - discharge conditions and artificial draft. Where
the draft exceeds the recharge, its manifestation is reflected in the decline of water
levels. The hydrograph clearly shows the period of recharge and discharge.
Water level data, collected four times a year, is subjected to analysis for
bringing out changes in water levels i.e. rise / fall and trend in the water levels.
6.2.1 Hydrograph analysis
(i) Comparison of hydrograph with rainfall and draft
6.2.2 Water level analysis
(i) Depth to water level
(ii) General range of water level fluctuation as compared with
previous measurement
(iii) Water level data of specific period as compared with
corresponding water level data in the previous year
(iv) Comparison of water level data with the mean water level
data of the preceding decade
7.0 ANALYSIS OF COMPOSIT HYDROGRAPH SHOWING

INTER-RELATIONSHIPS OF GROUND WATER
LEVELS, RAINFALL AND GROUND WATER DRAFT
Ground water system in the state of Rajasthan has become extremely

vulnerable to the overuse and water quality degradation. Since the volume of
ground water instorage varies both in space and time in accordance with the
hydrometeorological and hydrogeological domain conditions together with the
external stress loaded on it as per the ground water requirements of various sectors
like agriculture, drinking water needs and industrial uses, therefore the net impact
imparted on the ground water system need to be studied closely and critically by
analysing the behavioural pattern of ground water levels in the light of rainfall as
input and extraction of ground water as output.
A composit well-hydrograph has been prepared which incorporates trends of

water level during premonsson (May each year) and post monsoon (November
each year) from 1989 to 2012 and rainfall histrograms for the corresponding year,
18
the data of ground water draft for the same periods have also been introduced.
Regressions trend in respect of premonsoon and postmonsoon water levels over the
period 1989-2012 has been worked out to predict the water level at certain interval
of time, given the depth of water level at the stage of calculation. A few stations
are presented in Fig. 7.1 to 7.8.
The behavioural pattern of the hydrographs can be grouped into three

categories:
- Hydrographs of wells falling in hard rock areas
- Hydrographs of wells falling in alluvial area
- Hydrograph of wells falling in canal - irrigated command area
In the first category, the composit hydrograph reveals falling trend in the
water levels of premonsoon period as well as post monsoon period over long span
from 1989 to 2012 with increasing trend of the ground water draft. In the
premosoon period at Kalsera (Fig. 7.1), Pisangan block, district Ajmer that there
has been long-term marginal declining trend in post monsoon period.
There has been marginal decline in pre-monsoon as well as post-monsoon

period at Arthuna (Fig. 7.2), block Garhi in district Banswara though there was
many times increase in draft from 0.8 mcm in 1995 to 18.4 mcm in 2009.
The aquifers tapping sandstone have revealed that there has been significant
decline of premonsoon and post monsoon water levels, caused due to increasing
ground water draft. For example well located at Kalyansar (Fig. 7.3), Block
Bikaner, district Bikaner , the ground water draft of 14.1 mcm had gone up to
96.08 mcm (Six and a half times) during 2009. This will give sharp decline trend
both pre - post monsoon water levels.
In the second category of hydrographs i.e. hydrographs of wells tapping

alluvial aquifers, the decline of pre-monsoon as well as post-monsoon water levels
are caused due to increasing ground water draft.
A typical case is reflected from the composit hydrograph of Jhotwara (Fig.

7.4) well (Jhotwara block of Jaipur district) . The ground water draft curve is
hyperbolic as the withdrawal rate of ground water was stepped up from 93.53 mcm
to 181.43 mcm during 2009. The result is reflected in the decline of both the post –
monsoon and pre-monsoon water levels.
The wells located at Kotputli (Fig. 7.5), Jaipur district the steepening in the
declining water level trend from 1995 to 2012 in respect of pre-monsoon and post-
19
monsoon are mainly caused by accentuated withdrawal of ground water from 40.99
mcm during 1995 to 95.59 mcm during 2009.
Fig. 7.1
Water Level-Rainfall-Draft Inter Relationship
Well No.: 45J-3B2 Location :Kalesara District: Ajmer
Aquifer : Schist Block : Pisangan Category : Over Exploited
120 0
100 3
Water level (m)

80 6
Rainfall (cm)
y = 0.5452x + 0.1875
60 y = 0.2857x + 3.9162 9
40 12
20 15
0 18
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Year
Kalesara, District Ajmer Rainfall Raingauge W L (Pre) Pisangan W L (Post)
Kalesara, District Ajmer Draft (mcm) Pisangan Normal (R.F.) Linear (Raingauge W L (Pre))
Linear (Pisangan W L (Post))
Water Level-Rainfall-Draft Inter Relationship Fig. 7.2

Well No.: 46I-3A1 Location :Arthuna District: Banswara
Aquifer : Schist Block : Garhi Category : Critical
22 -2
y = -0.0351x + 5.4847 2
18
Water level (m)
6
Rainfall (deci-m)
14 y = 0.0511x + 6.9062
10
10 14
18
6
22
2
26
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
-2 30
Year
Rainfall W L (Pre) W L (Post) Draft (mcm)
Normal (R.F.) Linear (W L (Post)) Linear (W L (Pre))
20
Fig. 7.3
Well No.: 45E-1B3 Location :Kalyansar District: Bikaner
Aquifer : Palana Sandstone Block : Bikaner Category : Over Exploited
100 70
90
75
80
80
70
85
Water level (m)

Rainfall (cm)
60 y = 1.3712x + 65.979
50 y = 1.3344x + 66.202 90
40
95
30
100
20
105
10
0 110
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Year

Normal(R.F.) Linear (W L (Post)) Linear (W L (Pre))
Fig. 7.4
Well No.: 45N-1D6A Location : Jhotwara District: Jaipur
Aquifer : Alluvium Block : Jhotwara Category : Over-exploited
30
180
160 35
140 40
120
45
Water level (m)
Rainfall (cm)
100 y = 1.9748x + 27.699

50
80
55
60
y = 1.8384x + 28.279 60
40
20 65
0 70
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Year

Normal(R.F.) Linear (W L (Pre)) Linear (W L (Post))
21
The rainfall histogram between this period indicates rainfall precipitation in
excess of normals. Identical situations and restulting scenario are observed in
alluvial aquifer at Dhod (Fig. 7.6), Sikar district.
Fig. 7.5
Well No.: 54A-2A1 Location : Kotputli District : Jaipur
Aquifer : Alluvium Block : Kotputli Category : Over-exploited
10
140
15
120
100 20
Water level (m)

Rainfall (cm)
y = 0.6755x + 11.222
80
25
y = 0.7019x + 11.216
60
30
40
35
20
0 40
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Year
Rainfall W L (Pre) W L (Post) Draf t (mcm)
Water Level-Rainfall-Draft Inter Relationship Fig. 7.6

Well No.: 45M-2A4A Location : Dhod District: Sikar
Aquifer : Alluvium Block : Dhod Category : Over-exploited
40
100
45
80
50
Water level (m)
Rainfall (cm)
60 y = 1.0986x + 37.826
55
y = 1.1143x + 38.153
40
60
20 65
0 70
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Year
Rainf all W L (Pre) W L (Post) Draf t (mcm)
22
The third category of well hydrographs reflect influence of canal irrigation
and resultant increase in ground water level despite substantial over draft of
ground water which has been increasing gradually over the time. Such locations
for instance are at Banda Colony (Fig. 7.7, Block Anupgarh, district Ganganagar)
and Bhukarka (Fig. 7.8, block, Nohar, district Hnumangarh).
Fig. 7.7
Well No.: 44G-3A1 Location :Banda Colony District: Ganganagar
Aquifer : Alluvium Block : Anupgarh Category : Safe
50 0
2
45 4
6
8
40
10
y = -0.5008x + 18.465 12
35 y = -0.4891x + 19.253 14
16
Water level (m)

30 18
Rainfall (cm)
20
25 22
24
26
20
28
30
15 32
34
10 36
38
5 40
42
44
0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Year
Rainfall W L (Pre) W L (Post) Draf t (mcm)
Normal (R.F.) Linear (W L (Pre)) Linear (W L (Post))
Fig. 7.8
Well No.: 44K-4C2 Location :Bhukarka District: Hanumangarh
Aquifer : Alluvium Block : Nohar Category : Safe
100 18
90
80
23
y = -0.3094x + 30.697
70
y = -0.3374x + 31.032
Water level (m)
60
Rainfall (cm)
28
50
40
30 33
20
10 38
0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Year
Normal (R.F.) Linear (W L (Pre)) Linear (W L (Post))
23
8.0 GROUND WATER SCENARIO
Systematic and regular monitoring of ground water levels brings out the
changes taking place in the groundwater regime. The maps so generated are of
immense help for regional groundwater flow modelling which serves as a
groundwater management tool to provide the necessary advance information to the
user agencies to prepare contingency plans in case of unfavorable groundwater
recharge situation. The data also has immense utility in deciding the legal issues
arising out of conflicting interests of groundwater users.
Water level data of the NHS collected during the year 2012 – 2013 has been
utilized to prepare various maps showing depth to water level and fluctuation of
water level. Depth to water level maps are useful in dealing with problems of water
logging and artificial recharge, where the relative position of water level with
reference to the ground surface is of critical importance. Water level fluctuation
maps (rise or fall) are indispensable for estimation of change in storage in the
aquifer.
The water level data of open wells and piezometers are presented in the Annexure-
I.
The data is analysed for each set of measurement, and report prepared which
include following maps to understand the groundwater regime in the state.
Depth to water level maps
Seasonal fluctuation maps- water level fluctuation in comparison to premonsoon.
Annul fluctuation maps - water level fluctuation in comparison to same month in

the previous year.
Decadal fluctuation maps - water level fluctuation in the month of measurement with
reference to the decadal average for the same month.
8.1 Depth to Water Level (Unconfined Aquifer)

A graphical analysis was done to understand the water level behaviours of
the NHS stations in the different categories of the water levels during every
monitoring period and the same is depicted in Fig. 8.1. Shallow water level 0 to 2 m
24
25
bgl observed in 2% to 14% of the majority of the stations whereas deeper water
level recorded in 17% to 18% of the stations in the year 2012-13.
8.1.1 May 2012

A perusal of the map (Fig. 8.2) and Table 8.1 reveals that large patches of water
levels of more than 40 m bgl exist in the north western parts of the state extending
from north east to south west direction. Water level deeper than 40 m bgl have been
recorded in 18% of stations falling mostly in the districts of Jaisalmer, Barmer,
Jodhpur, Bikaner, Jhunjhunu , Jaipur, Nagaur, Sikar and Churu. South Eastern half
of the State exhibit water level generally less than 20 m bgl. Water level less than 2
m bgl have been observed in isolated patches and scattered mostly in the south
Eastern parts of the State. About 72% of stations recorded water level between 5 to
40 mbgl. The deepest water level 120.85 m bgl has been recorded at Deshnokh in
Bikaner district.
8.1.2 August 2012

A perusal of the map (Fig. 8.3) and Table 8.2 reveals that large patches of water
levels of more than 40 m bgl exist in the north western parts of the state extending
from north east to south west direction. Water level deeper than 40 m bgl have been
recorded in 19% of stations falling mostly in the districts of Jaisalmer, Barmer,
Jodhpur, Bikaner, Jhunjhunu , Jaipur, Nagaur, Sikar and Churu. South Eastern half
of the State exhibit water level generally less than 20 m bgl. Water level less than 2
m bgl have been observed in isolated patches and scattered mostly in the south
Eastern parts of the State. Water level in the range of 10 to 20m, 20 to 40 m and
more than 40m are recorded in almost in equal percentage of stations(App. 18%).
The deepest water level 117.65 m bgl has been recorded at Darwar in Jaisalmer
district.
26
27
Table 8.1
WELL WISE CATEGORISATION OF DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL - MAY 2012
No of well DTWL mbgl No of well in different Ranges
District
analysed Min Max 0 to 2 (m) 2 to 5(m) 5 to 10(m) 10 to 20(m) 20 to 40(m) >40(m)
1 6 8 9 2 0
AJMER 26 2 28.8
3.85% 23.08% 30.77% 34.62% 7.69% 0.00%
0 0 3 6 16 5
ALWAR 30 5.1 81.05
0.00% 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 53.33% 16.67%
0 9 13 4 0 0
BANSWARA 26 2.64 16.65
0.0% 34.6% 50.0% 15.4% 0.0% 0.0%
0 3 11 1 0 0
BARAN 15 2.99 15.15
0.00% 20.00% 73.33% 6.67% 0.00% 0.00%
0 3 7 9 13 15
BARMER 47 4.1 102.39
0.0% 6.4% 14.9% 19.1% 27.7% 31.9%
1 3 19 9 4 0
BHARATPUR 36 1.2 32.25
2.78% 8.33% 52.78% 25.00% 11.11% 0.00%
1 3 10 13 6 0
BHILWARA 33 1.25 29.75
3.03% 9.09% 30.30% 39.39% 18.18% 0.00%
0 0 1 10 16 23
BIKANER 50 8.49 120.85
0.00% 0.00% 2.00% 20.00% 32.00% 46.00%
1 5 2 3 0 0
BUNDI 11 1.68 17.31
9.09% 45.45% 18.18% 27.27% 0.00% 0.00%
2 2 6 14 1 0
CHITTAURGARH 25 0.14 20.86
8.00% 8.00% 24.00% 56.00% 4.00% 0.00%
0 0 2 5 14 13
CHURU 34 9.2 63.82
0.00% 0.00% 5.88% 14.71% 41.18% 38.24%
0 0 2 3 6 2
DAUSA 13 8.37 56.95
0.00% 0.00% 15.38% 23.08% 46.15% 15.38%
0 1 5 7 4 0
DHAULPUR 17 4.94 34.7
0.00% 5.88% 29.41% 41.18% 23.53% 0.00%
0 3 13 5 0 0
DUNGARPUR 21 3.32 14.8
0.00% 14.29% 61.90% 23.81% 0.00% 0.00%
3 0 13 13 6 0
GANGANAGAR 35 0.15 39.2
8.57% 0.00% 37.14% 37.14% 17.14% 0.00%
2 1 4 15 11 4
HANUMANGARH 37 0.72 48.06
5.41% 2.70% 10.81% 40.54% 29.73% 10.81%
0 1 4 9 11 15
JAIPUR 40 3.63 87.5
0.00% 2.50% 10.00% 22.50% 27.50% 37.50%
0 3 5 9 18 20
JAISALMER 55 3.6 119.6
0.00% 5.45% 9.09% 16.36% 32.73% 36.36%
0 1 2 3 4 2
JALORE 12 3.54 55.05
0.00% 8.33% 16.67% 25.00% 33.33% 16.67%
0 0 3 5 0 0
JHALAWAR 8 5.05 15.46
0.00% 0.00% 37.50% 62.50% 0.00% 0.00%
0 0 0 1 1 14
JHUNJHUNU 16 16.19 81.15
0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.25% 6.25% 87.50%
1 1 4 10 13 10
JODHPUR 39 0.9 101.85
2.56% 2.56% 10.26% 25.64% 33.33% 25.64%
0 0 4 8 3 0
KARAULI 15 5.78 34.06
0.00% 0.00% 26.67% 53.33% 20.00% 0.00%
2 4 2 7 1 0
KOTA 16 0.57 25.36
12.50% 25.00% 12.50% 43.75% 6.25% 0.00%
0 0 1 5 18 11
NAGAUR 35 6.12 71.24
0.00% 0.00% 2.86% 14.29% 51.43% 31.43%
0 2 5 11 6 1
PALI 25 2.49 41.96
0.00% 8.00% 20.00% 44.00% 24.00% 4.00%
0 2 9 14 1 0
RAJSAMAND 26 4.29 20.12
0.00% 7.69% 34.62% 53.85% 3.85% 0.00%
0 2 9 6 0 1
SAWAI MADHOPUR 18 3.63 51.9
0.00% 11.11% 50.00% 33.33% 0.00% 5.56%
0 0 1 1 6 17
SIKAR 25 6 70
0.00% 0.00% 4.00% 4.00% 24.00% 68.00%
0 1 9 4 2 0
SIROHI 16 2.83 20.56
0.00% 6.25% 56.25% 25.00% 12.50% 0.00%
0 7 4 2 0 0
TONK 13 2.49 16.04
0.00% 53.85% 30.77% 15.38% 0.00% 0.00%
2 11 20 9 2 0
UDAIPUR 44 1.16 23.5
15.38% 84.62% 153.85% 69.23% 15.38% 0.00%
16 74 201 230 185 153
Grand Total 859 0.14 120.85
1.86% 8.61% 23.40% 26.78% 21.54% 17.81%
28
Table-8.2
WELL WISE CATEGORISATION OF DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL - AUGUST 2012
District
11 7 5 5 0 0
AJMER 28 0.01 15.89
39.29% 25.00% 17.86% 17.86% 0.00% 0.00%
1 0 5 4 17 5
ALWAR 32 1.39 83.7
3.13% 0.00% 15.63% 12.50% 53.13% 15.63%
17 6 0 0 0 0
BANSWARA 23 0.01 4.6
73.9% 26.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
6 5 4 0 0 0
BARAN 15 0.04 9.8
40.00% 33.33% 26.67% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
0 3 10 12 17 18
BARMER 60 4.2 102.39
0.0% 5.0% 16.7% 20.0% 28.3% 30.0%
3 6 14 8 3 0
BHARATPUR 34 0.36 28.75
8.82% 17.65% 41.18% 23.53% 8.82% 0.00%
7 9 13 7 0 0
BHILWARA 36 0.81 16.33
19.44% 25.00% 36.11% 19.44% 0.00% 0.00%
0 0 1 12 12 26
BIKANER 51 8.07 117.3
0.00% 0.00% 1.96% 23.53% 23.53% 50.98%
5 2 1 3 0 0
BUNDI 11 0.18 18.92
45.45% 18.18% 9.09% 27.27% 0.00% 0.00%
11 8 4 4 2 0
37.93% 27.59% 13.79% 13.79% 6.90% 0.00%
0 0 2 4 17 12
CHURU 35 7.9 63.6
0.00% 0.00% 5.71% 11.43% 48.57% 34.29%
0 1 3 2 7 1
DAUSA 14 2.84 56.1
0.00% 7.14% 21.43% 14.29% 50.00% 7.14%
3 2 2 6 3 0
DHAULPUR 16 1.04 33.95
18.75% 12.50% 12.50% 37.50% 18.75% 0.00%
11 12 0 0 0 0
47.83% 52.17% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
5 2 11 15 6 1
12.50% 5.00% 27.50% 37.50% 15.00% 2.50%
1 3 6 13 10 4
2.70% 8.11% 16.22% 35.14% 27.03% 10.81%
1 3 5 5 12 18
JAIPUR 44 0.86 88.39
2.27% 6.82% 11.36% 11.36% 27.27% 40.91%
0 2 6 13 17 23
JAISALMER 61 3.6 117.65
0.00% 3.28% 9.84% 21.31% 27.87% 37.70%
0 3 0 3 6 2
JALORE 14 3.39 59.35
0.00% 21.43% 0.00% 21.43% 42.86% 14.29%
3 0 2 1 0 0
JHALAWAR 6 0.45 10.69
50.00% 0.00% 33.33% 16.67% 0.00% 0.00%
0 0 0 1 2 13
JHUNJHUNU 16 15.85 69.77
0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.25% 12.50% 81.25%
1 4 6 11 10 15
JODHPUR 47 0.9 85.5
2.13% 8.51% 12.77% 23.40% 21.28% 31.91%
3 1 3 4 2 0
KARAULI 13 0.17 34.06
23.08% 7.69% 23.08% 30.77% 15.38% 0.00%
5 5 2 3 1 0
KOTA 16 0.11 26
31.25% 31.25% 12.50% 18.75% 6.25% 0.00%
0 2 0 5 14 11
NAGAUR 32 4.44 71.24
0.00% 6.25% 0.00% 15.63% 43.75% 34.38%
1 4 11 10 4 0
PALI 30 0.51 36.75
3.33% 13.33% 36.67% 33.33% 13.33% 0.00%
5 9 14 1 0 0
RAJSAMAND 29 0.92 10.92
17.24% 31.03% 48.28% 3.45% 0.00% 0.00%
3 3 6 6 0 1
15.79% 15.79% 31.58% 31.58% 0.00% 5.26%
1 0 0 1 3 19
SIKAR 24 2 70.08
4.17% 0.00% 0.00% 4.17% 12.50% 79.17%
0 7 6 3 0 0
SIROHI 16 2.03 18.09
0.00% 43.75% 37.50% 18.75% 0.00% 0.00%
3 5 4 2 0 0
TONK 14 0.56 18.81
21.43% 35.71% 28.57% 14.29% 0.00% 0.00%
20 19 6 1 0 0
UDAIPUR 46 0.01 14.81
142.86% 135.71% 42.86% 7.14% 0.00% 0.00%
127 133 152 165 165 169
Grand Total 911 0.01 117.65
13.94% 14.60% 16.68% 18.11% 18.11% 18.55%
29
8.1.3 November 2012
A perusal of the map (Fig 8.4) and Table 8.3 reveals that large patches
of water levels of more than 40 m bgl are exist in the north western parts of
the state and extending from north east to south west direction and covering
mostly in the districts of Barmer, Bikaner, Churu, Jaipur, Jaisalmer, , Jodhpur,
Jhunjhunu' and Sikar. South Eastern half of the State exhibit water level
generally less than 20 m bgl. Water level less than 2 m bgl are shown in
isolated patches and scattered mostly in the south western parts of the State.
Water level in the range of 2 to 5 m , 5 to 10 m, 10 to 20 m, 20 to 40 m and >
40 are observed in almost equal proportions of the monitoring stations i.e. 17
to 20% of stations analysed. The deepest water level 113.53 m bgl is
recorded at Bholasar in Bikaner district.
8.1.4 January 2013

A perusal of the map (Fig 8.5) and Table 8.4 reveals that large patches
of water levels of more than 40 m bgl are exist in the north western parts of
the state and extending from north east to south west direction and recorded
in 18% of stations falling mostly in the districts of Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur,
Bikaner, Jhunjhunu , Jaipur, Nagaur, Sikar and Churu. South Eastern half of
the State exhibit water level generally less than 20 m bgl. Water level less
than 2 m bgl are shown in isolated patches and scattered mostly in the south
Eastern parts of the State. Water level in the range of 2 to 5 m, 20 to 40 m
and > 40 are observed in almost equal proportions of the monitoring stations
i.e. 16 to 18% of stations analysed whereas water level in the range of 5 to
10m and 10 to 20 m are observed in 21 to 22 % of the monitoring stations.
The deepest water level 117.36 m bgl is recorded at Deshnokh in Bikaner
district.
30
31
Table-8.3
WELL WISE CATEGORISATION OF DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL - NOVEMBER 2012
District
6 12 5 2 0 0
AJMER 25 0.01 13.77
24.00% 48.00% 20.00% 8.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1 1 3 6 12 3
ALWAR 26 0.46 66.07
3.85% 3.85% 11.54% 23.08% 46.15% 11.54%
7 14 3 1 0 0
BANSWARA 25 0.95 16.65
28.0% 56.0% 12.0% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0%
1 7 5 2 0 0
BARAN 15 1.76 15.15
6.67% 46.67% 33.33% 13.33% 0.00% 0.00%
0 4 8 10 16 12
BARMER 50 4.45 89.05
0.0% 8.0% 16.0% 20.0% 32.0% 24.0%
3 3 20 5 3 0
BHARATPUR 34 0.01 34.47
8.82% 8.82% 58.82% 14.71% 8.82% 0.00%
2 10 13 5 0 0
BHILWARA 30 0.68 11.79
6.67% 33.33% 43.33% 16.67% 0.00% 0.00%
0 0 1 9 9 24
BIKANER 43 7.73 113.53
0.00% 0.00% 2.33% 20.93% 20.93% 55.81%
3 6 2 1 0 0
BUNDI 12 0.16 13.64
25.00% 50.00% 16.67% 8.33% 0.00% 0.00%
4 8 8 3 1 0
16.67% 33.33% 33.33% 12.50% 4.17% 0.00%
0 0 1 5 12 13
CHURU 31 9.06 61.52
0.00% 0.00% 3.23% 16.13% 38.71% 41.94%
0 0 4 2 6 1
DAUSA 13 6.86 56.84
0.00% 0.00% 30.77% 15.38% 46.15% 7.69%
0 5 1 4 5 0
DHAULPUR 15 2.53 34.48
0.00% 33.33% 6.67% 26.67% 33.33% 0.00%
8 9 4 1 0 0
36.36% 40.91% 18.18% 4.55% 0.00% 0.00%
4 2 11 13 6 1
10.81% 5.41% 29.73% 35.14% 16.22% 2.70%
0 5 3 15 8 4
0.00% 14.29% 8.57% 42.86% 22.86% 11.43%
0 4 4 6 8 14
JAIPUR 36 2.46 86.74
0.00% 11.11% 11.11% 16.67% 22.22% 38.89%
0 2 5 11 16 24
JAISALMER 58 4.45 111.7
0.00% 3.45% 8.62% 18.97% 27.59% 41.38%
0 2 1 2 4 2
JALORE 11 2.74 56.55
0.00% 18.18% 9.09% 18.18% 36.36% 18.18%
2 8 7 3 0 0
JHALAWAR 20 1.13 13.89
10.00% 40.00% 35.00% 15.00% 0.00% 0.00%
0 0 0 0 1 13
JHUNJHUNU 14 33.77 84.9
0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 7.14% 92.86%
0 5 6 10 11 9
JODHPUR 41 2.4 77.86
0.00% 12.20% 14.63% 24.39% 26.83% 21.95%
2 2 3 3 3 0
KARAULI 13 1.16 34.06
15.38% 15.38% 23.08% 23.08% 23.08% 0.00%
5 6 4 2 1 0
KOTA 18 0.52 26.06
27.78% 33.33% 22.22% 11.11% 5.56% 0.00%
0 1 1 4 11 7
NAGAUR 24 4.99 73.11
0.00% 4.17% 4.17% 16.67% 45.83% 29.17%
0 5 13 8 4 0
PALI 30 2.08 34.7
0.00% 16.67% 43.33% 26.67% 13.33% 0.00%
5 10 9 3 0 0
RAJSAMAND 27 0.98 14.72
18.52% 37.04% 33.33% 11.11% 0.00% 0.00%
2 5 5 3 1 0
12.50% 31.25% 31.25% 18.75% 6.25% 0.00%
0 0 0 0 3 16
SIKAR 19 21.46 71.06
0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 15.79% 84.21%
3 7 3 4 0 0
SIROHI 17 0.51 16.4
17.65% 41.18% 17.65% 23.53% 0.00% 0.00%
2 6 4 1 0 0
TONK 13 1.7 12.5
15.38% 46.15% 30.77% 7.69% 0.00% 0.00%
12 16 15 2 0 0
UDAIPUR 45 0.49 16.3
92.31% 123.08% 115.38% 15.38% 0.00% 0.00%
72 165 172 146 141 143
Grand Total 839 0.01 113.53
8.58% 19.67% 20.50% 17.40% 16.81% 17.04%
32
Table-8.4
WELL WISE CATEGORISATION OF DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL - JANUARY 2013
District
6 11 6 4 0 0
AJMER 27 0.01 17.72
22.22% 40.74% 22.22% 14.81% 0.00% 0.00%
1 0 2 11 12 2
ALWAR 28 0.01 90.95
3.57% 0.00% 7.14% 39.29% 42.86% 7.14%
5 12 6 0 0 0
BANSWARA 23 0.47 9.5
21.7% 52.2% 26.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
1 9 8 3 0 0
BARAN 21 0.86 15.15
4.76% 42.86% 38.10% 14.29% 0.00% 0.00%
0 3 9 12 14 17
BARMER 55 4.3 102.39
0.0% 5.5% 16.4% 21.8% 25.5% 30.9%
3 8 12 7 4 0
BHARATPUR 34 0.01 32.75
8.82% 23.53% 35.29% 20.59% 11.76% 0.00%
5 4 14 6 0 0
BHILWARA 29 0.01 13.99
17.24% 13.79% 48.28% 20.69% 0.00% 0.00%
0 0 1 12 11 28
BIKANER 52 8.04 117.35
0.00% 0.00% 1.92% 23.08% 21.15% 53.85%
3 2 5 2 0 0
BUNDI 12 0.7 12.22
25.00% 16.67% 41.67% 16.67% 0.00% 0.00%
2 7 9 8 2 0
7.14% 25.00% 32.14% 28.57% 7.14% 0.00%
0 0 1 6 17 12
CHURU 36 9.74 63.9
0.00% 0.00% 2.78% 16.67% 47.22% 33.33%
0 0 4 0 7 1
DAUSA 12 6.6 43.56
0.00% 0.00% 33.33% 0.00% 58.33% 8.33%
1 3 3 4 4 0
DHAULPUR 15 1.14 39.3
6.67% 20.00% 20.00% 26.67% 26.67% 0.00%
2 10 11 0 0 0
8.70% 43.48% 47.83% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
2 2 11 16 4 1
5.56% 5.56% 30.56% 44.44% 11.11% 2.78%
2 1 5 18 10 3
5.13% 2.56% 12.82% 46.15% 25.64% 7.69%
0 4 4 5 11 15
JAIPUR 39 2.33 90.11
0.00% 10.26% 10.26% 12.82% 28.21% 38.46%
0 1 5 11 11 24
JAISALMER 52 4.79 112.45
0.00% 1.92% 9.62% 21.15% 21.15% 46.15%
0 3 0 2 2 1
JALORE 8 3.34 56.65
0.00% 37.50% 0.00% 25.00% 25.00% 12.50%
0 6 9 4 0 0
JHALAWAR 19 4.22 13.51
0.00% 31.58% 47.37% 21.05% 0.00% 0.00%
0 0 0 0 2 11
JHUNJHUNU 13 31.85 79.82
0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 15.38% 84.62%
1 3 4 11 16 14
JODHPUR 49 1.95 102.85
2.04% 6.12% 8.16% 22.45% 32.65% 28.57%
0 6 0 5 3 0
KARAULI 14 2.43 34.06
0.00% 42.86% 0.00% 35.71% 21.43% 0.00%
5 7 3 2 1 0
KOTA 18 0.86 26.06
27.78% 38.89% 16.67% 11.11% 5.56% 0.00%
0 1 1 4 12 7
NAGAUR 25 4.97 73.46
0.00% 4.00% 4.00% 16.00% 48.00% 28.00%
1 3 9 9 5 0
PALI 27 0.18 34.7
3.70% 11.11% 33.33% 33.33% 18.52% 0.00%
0 8 9 9 1 0
RAJSAMAND 27 2.08 20.12
0.00% 29.63% 33.33% 33.33% 3.70% 0.00%
0 2 7 8 0 1
0.00% 11.11% 38.89% 44.44% 0.00% 5.56%
0 0 0 1 3 21
SIKAR 25 16 70.1
0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.00% 12.00% 84.00%
1 5 5 5 0 0
SIROHI 16 1.43 16.5
6.25% 31.25% 31.25% 31.25% 0.00% 0.00%
3 7 4 3 0 0
TONK 17 0.27 19.54
17.65% 41.18% 23.53% 17.65% 0.00% 0.00%
6 14 18 7 1 0
UDAIPUR 46 0.44 20.35
35.29% 82.35% 105.88% 41.18% 5.88% 0.00%
50 142 185 195 153 158
Grand Total 883 0.01 117.35
5.66% 16.08% 20.95% 22.08% 17.33% 17.89%
33
8.2 Water Table Scenario
The water table contour map for pre-monsoon (May 2012) period reveals that
the Water table contours in general follow the regional topographic
configuration (Fig. 8.6). The Aravalli hill ranges act as principal
ground water divide. The boundary separating the Luni river basin
from the areas of misfit streams also act as conspicuous
groundwater divide in western Rajasthan. The highest elevation of
water table is over 1176.6 m above m.s.l. at Mount Abu in Aravalli
hills and lowest about 7.29 m above m.s.l. at Panchla along the Luni
river before meets the Rann of Kutch.
In the eastern side of Aravallis, the flow of ground water is easterly in

major part, northern in the district of Kota, Jhalawar and Alwar and towards
south and southwest in the districts of Dungarpur, Banswara and Udaipur.
The altitude of water table is highest in the Aravalli region and lowest i.e.
below 150 m above m.s.l. along the Mahi and Chambal river bordering
Gujarat and U. Pradesh respectively. The Hydraulic gradient varies from 0.8
to 4.5 metres per kilometre. In the misfit stream area in the districts of
Ganganagar, Bikaner, Churu, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Nagur, Jaisalmer and
Jodhpur, the water table slope is mainly in north western direction. The
altitude of water table varies from less than 40 m. a.m.s.l. to 469 m. amsl. And
the hydraulic gradient ranges from 1.23 to 3.12 m/km.
34
8.3 Seasonal Water Level Fluctuation
To study effect of monsoon on the groundwater regime and
subsequent utilisation of groundwater for various needs like agriculture,
irrigation, Domestic etc., changes in depth to water levels with respect to May
data are studied. The change in groundwater in the region over different
periods is presented graphically in Fig. 8.7 and a summary of each
observation is discussed below.
35
36
8.3.1 May 2012 to August 2012
Water level fluctuation data during May 2012 to August 2012 is

presented in Table IV and has been depicted in Plate 4. A perusal of Map
(Fig. 8.8) and Tables 8.5 indicates that about 73% of the stations have
registered rise on water levels, out of which 36% stations have recorded rise
in the range of 0 to 2m (In the Southern parts of the State mostly covered by
hills and mountains) Rise of more than 4m has been observed in about 24%
of the stations falling mostly in Ajmer, Banswara, Baran, Bhatarpur, Bhilwara,
Chittourgarh, Dungarpur, Pali, Rajsamad and Udaipur districts. About 16% of
the stations have show fall of 0 to 2m mostly in the western sandy plain and
cover parts of the districts of Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar,
Hanumangarh, Jaipur Jaisalmer, Jhunjhunu, Jodhpur and Sikar. Fall of more
than 4 m has been registered in isolated patches and scattered in north
western half of the State. A maximum rise of 28.48 m has been recorded at
Salawatia in Bhilwada district and maximum fall of 8.65 m has been recorded
at Purohitokasavat in Chittourgarh district.
8.3.2 May 2012 to November 2012

Map (Fig. 8.9) and Tables 8.6 shows about 69% of the stations
observed rise of water level between the period of May 2012 and November
2012. Southern parts mostly covered by hills and mountain experienced the
rise of more than 4m. Rise of more than 4 m observed in about 24% of the
stations falling mostly in Banswara, Bharatpur, Dugarpur, Jaipur, Jhalawar,
Pali, Rajsamad, and Udaipur districts. About 19.5% of the stations shows fall
of 0 to 2m mostly in the western sandy plain and covered in parts of the
districts of Barmer, Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Jaisalmer,
Jhunjhunu, Jodhpura and Sikar. Fall of more than 4 m occurs in the isolated
patches and scattered in north western half of the State. A maximum rise of
36.85 m is recorded at Kakra and maximum fall of 14.48 m is recorded at
Kalyansar in Bikaner district.
37
38
Table-8.5
CATEGORISATION OF CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN MAY 2012 TO AUGUST 2012

Range of Fluctuation (m) No. of Wells Showing Fluctuation
No of well Total No. of Wells
Sr. No. District Name Rise Fall Rise Fall
analysed
Min Max Min Max 0 to 2 2 to 4 >4 0 to 2 2 to 4 >4 Rise Fall
8 2 12 2 0 0
1 AJMER 24 0.08 25.04 0.25 1.18 22 2
33.3% 8.3% 50.0% 8.3% 0.0% 0.0%
17 4 3 2 1 1
2 ALWAR 29 0.06 10.06 0.23 4.05 24 4
58.6% 13.8% 10.3% 6.9% 3.4% 3.4%
2 9 11 0 0 0
3 BANSWARA 22 1.96 10 - - 22 0
9.1% 40.9% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
2 6 6 1 0 0
4 BARAN 15 0.58 6.47 0.03 0.03 14 1
13.3% 40.0% 40.0% 6.7% 0.0% 0.0%
18 1 2 16 2 1
5 BARMER 47 0.05 6.55 0.05 5.94 21 19
38.3% 2.1% 4.3% 34.0% 4.3% 2.1%
16 6 7 0 1 0
6 BHARATPUR 34 0.18 11.24 2.24 2.24 29 1
47.1% 17.6% 20.6% 0.0% 2.9% 0.0%
6 6 18 1 1 0
7 BHILWARA 32 0.35 28.48 1.34 3.3 30 2
18.8% 18.8% 56.3% 3.1% 3.1% 0.0%
30 1 0 10 3 2
8 BIKANER 46 0.01 3.55 0.01 4.59 31 15
65.2% 2.2% 0.0% 21.7% 6.5% 4.3%
3 3 2 2 0 0
9 BUNDI 10 0.42 6.93 0.2 1.61 8 2
30.0% 30.0% 20.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0%
2 2 18 0 0 2
10 CHITTAURGARH 25 0.42 16.08 5.15 8.65 22 2
8.0% 8.0% 72.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.0%
15 1 1 11 1 1
11 CHURU 33 0.07 4.58 0.06 6.73 17 13
45.5% 3.0% 3.0% 33.3% 3.0% 3.0%
6 2 4 0 0 0
12 DAUSA 12 0.65 8.5 - - 12 0
50.0% 16.7% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
8 1 4 1 0 0
13 DHAULPUR 15 0.64 11.91 1.79 1.79 13 1
53.3% 6.7% 26.7% 6.7% 0.0% 0.0%
1 2 17 0 0 0
14 DUNGARPUR 20 1.68 10.57 - - 20 0
5.0% 10.0% 85.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
17 1 3 11 0 2
15 GANGANAGAR 35 0.01 10.09 0.03 5.77 21 13
48.6% 2.9% 8.6% 31.4% 0.0% 5.7%
16 4 4 9 1 0
16 HANUMANGARH 35 0.01 14.65 0.04 3.56 24 10
45.7% 11.4% 11.4% 25.7% 2.9% 0.0%
16 5 4 10 1 0
17 JAIPUR 36 0.11 9.08 0.05 2.73 25 11
44.4% 13.9% 11.1% 27.8% 2.8% 0.0%
17 0 1 16 0 0
18 JAISALMER 45 0.2 7.2 0.05 1.85 18 16
37.8% 0.0% 2.2% 35.6% 0.0% 0.0%
7 1 0 0 1 2
19 JALORE 12 0.1 2.8 2.4 5.4 8 3
58.3% 8.3% 0.0% 0.0% 8.3% 16.7%
1 1 3 1 0 0
20 JHALAWAR 6 1.07 12.19 0.24 0.24 5 1
16.7% 16.7% 50.0% 16.7% 0.0% 0.0%
8 0 0 6 0 1
21 JHUNJHUNU 15 0.06 1.89 0.05 5.12 8 7
53.3% 0.0% 0.0% 40.0% 0.0% 6.7%
9 3 4 8 1 1
22 JODHPUR 34 0.2 11.39 0.05 2.03 16 10
26.5% 8.8% 11.8% 23.5% 2.9% 2.9%
3 3 5 0 0 0
23 KARAULI 13 0.03 11.75 - - 11 0
23.1% 23.1% 38.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
5 2 4 5 0 0
24 KOTA 16 0.15 12 0.05 1.64 11 5
31.3% 12.5% 25.0% 31.3% 0.0% 0.0%
7 3 3 4 0 0
25 NAGAUR 26 0.3 22.1 0.05 0.93 13 4
26.9% 11.5% 11.5% 15.4% 0.0% 0.0%
7 4 6 2 0 1
26 PALI 24 0.75 25.2 0.15 8.1 17 3
29.2% 16.7% 25.0% 8.3% 0.0% 4.2%
0 10 16 0 0 0
27 RAJSAMAND 26 2.44 18.34 - - 26 0
0.0% 38.5% 61.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
3 6 3 3 1 0
28 SAWAI MADHOPUR 17 0.15 8.84 0.23 2.91 12 4
17.6% 35.3% 17.6% 17.6% 5.9% 0.0%
15 1 0 6 0 0
29 SIKAR 23 0.02 4 0.08 1.1 16 6
65.2% 4.3% 0.0% 26.1% 0.0% 0.0%
7 1 5 0 0 0
30 SIROHI 14 0.8 14.6 - - 13 0
50.0% 7.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
6 2 1 2 1 0
31 TONK 12 0.16 4.94 0.61 2.77 9 3
50.0% 16.7% 8.3% 16.7% 8.3% 0.0%
5 12 26 0 0 0
32 UDAIPUR 43 1.15 20.43 - - 43 0
11.6% 27.9% 60.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
283 105 193 129 15 14
Grand Total 796 0.01 28.48 0.01 8.65 581 158
35.6% 13.2% 24.2% 16.2% 1.9% 1.8%
39
Table-8.6
CATEGORISATION OF CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN MAY 2012 TO NOVEMBER 2012

analysed
7 2 10 3 0 0
1 AJMER 22 0.52 23.36 0.06 1.28 19 3
31.8% 9.1% 45.5% 13.6% 0.0% 0.0%
10 4 6 1 1 2
2 ALWAR 25 0.24 13.6 1.63 6.03 20 4
40.0% 16.0% 24.0% 4.0% 4.0% 8.0%
7 8 7 1 0 0
3 BANSWARA 24 0.26 8.2 0.04 0.04 22 1
29.2% 33.3% 29.2% 4.2% 0.0% 0.0%
6 1 1 3 1 0
4 BARAN 13 0.66 4.77 0.03 3.57 8 4
46.2% 7.7% 7.7% 23.1% 7.7% 0.0%
20 2 1 11 2 2
5 BARMER 40 0.1 4.85 0.1 4.9 23 15
50.0% 5.0% 2.5% 27.5% 5.0% 5.0%
14 6 4 5 1 1
6 BHARATPUR 34 0.13 7.8 0.12 8 24 7
41.2% 17.6% 11.8% 14.7% 2.9% 2.9%
5 3 19 0 2 0
7 BHILWARA 29 0.44 20.67 2.71 3.12 27 2
17.2% 10.3% 65.5% 0.0% 6.9% 0.0%
21 5 5 7 1 2
8 BIKANER 41 0.06 36.85 0.01 14.48 31 10
51.2% 12.2% 12.2% 17.1% 2.4% 4.9%
4 3 3 1 0 0
9 BUNDI 11 0.81 13.71 0.05 0.05 10 1
36.4% 27.3% 27.3% 9.1% 0.0% 0.0%
4 2 12 0 0 2
10 CHITTAURGARH 20 0.5 13.22 5.15 7.99 18 2
20.0% 10.0% 60.0% 0.0% 0.0% 10.0%
12 3 1 10 1 2
11 CHURU 30 0.1 5.67 0.05 10.03 16 13
40.0% 10.0% 3.3% 33.3% 3.3% 6.7%
6 1 2 2 0 0
12 DAUSA 11 0.11 5.58 0.11 2 9 2
54.5% 9.1% 18.2% 18.2% 0.0% 0.0%
8 1 3 1 0 1
13 DHAULPUR 15 0.22 11.88 1.98 4.63 12 2
53.3% 6.7% 20.0% 6.7% 0.0% 6.7%
2 6 11 0 0 0
14 DUNGARPUR 19 1.45 10.18 - - 19 0
10.5% 31.6% 57.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
9 1 1 17 1 1
15 GANGANAGAR 32 0.04 4.08 0.05 5.77 11 19
28.1% 3.1% 3.1% 53.1% 3.1% 3.1%
15 1 6 8 3 0
16 HANUMANGARH 33 0.03 9.03 0.41 3.84 22 11
45.5% 3.0% 18.2% 24.2% 9.1% 0.0%
4 5 6 10 1 2
17 JAIPUR 29 0.08 8.67 0.06 6.39 15 13
13.8% 17.2% 20.7% 34.5% 3.4% 6.9%
8 0 4 19 4 5
18 JAISALMER 44 0.02 7.8 0.05 10.4 12 28
18.2% 0.0% 9.1% 43.2% 9.1% 11.4%
3 2 0 3 1 0
19 JALORE 10 0.2 3.65 0.3 3.8 5 4
30.0% 20.0% 0.0% 30.0% 10.0% 0.0%
2 6 7 1 2 0
20 JHALAWAR 18 1.32 11.51 1.07 3.48 15 3
11.1% 33.3% 38.9% 5.6% 11.1% 0.0%
2 0 0 8 2 1
21 JHUNJHUNU 13 1.08 1.42 0.04 6.92 2 11
15.4% 0.0% 0.0% 61.5% 15.4% 7.7%
8 2 4 9 2 1
22 JODHPUR 31 0.2 7.8 0.05 11.65 14 12
25.8% 6.5% 12.9% 29.0% 6.5% 3.2%
4 3 4 0 0 0
23 KARAULI 13 0.37 11.15 - - 11 0
30.8% 23.1% 30.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
6 2 4 3 1 0
24 KOTA 16 0.2 8.29 0.7 2.15 12 4
37.5% 12.5% 25.0% 18.8% 6.3% 0.0%
9 4 3 4 0 0
25 NAGAUR 20 0.08 22.05 0.86 2 16 4
45.0% 20.0% 15.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0%
3 5 9 2 0 1
26 PALI 24 0.4 26.1 0.1 8.1 17 3
12.5% 20.8% 37.5% 8.3% 0.0% 4.2%
2 6 15 2 0 0
27 RAJSAMAND 25 1.28 14.7 0.95 1.64 23 2
8.0% 24.0% 60.0% 8.0% 0.0% 0.0%
5 4 5 0 1 0
28 SAWAI MADHOPUR 15 0.66 7.28 2.59 2.59 14 1
33.3% 26.7% 33.3% 0.0% 6.7% 0.0%
7 1 0 7 2 1
29 SIKAR 18 0.01 2.71 0.06 4.99 8 10
38.9% 5.6% 0.0% 38.9% 11.1% 5.6%
3 3 8 0 0 0
30 SIROHI 14 0.8 11.46 - - 14 0
21.4% 21.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
5 3 0 2 0 0
31 TONK 10 0.54 2.45 0.81 1.62 8 2
50.0% 30.0% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0%
9 12 16 2 0 1
32 UDAIPUR 42 0.08 20.89 0.52 5.49 37 3
21.4% 28.6% 38.1% 4.8% 0.0% 2.4%
230 107 177 142 29 25
Grand Total 741 0.01 36.85 0.01 14.48 514 196
31.0% 14.4% 23.9% 19.2% 3.9% 3.4%
40
8.3.3 May 2012 to January 2013
Map (Fig. 8.10) and Tables 8.7 shows about 73% of the stations
observed rise of water level out of which 35% stations recorded rise in the
range of 0 to 2m between the period of May 2012 and January 2013.
Southern parts mostly covered by hills and mountain experienced the rise of
more than 4m and observed in about 13% of the stations falling mostly in
Ajmer, Bhilwara, Chittaurgarh, Nagur, Rajsamad, Sirohi and Udaipur districts.
About 17% of the stations shows fall of 0 to 2m mostly in the western sandy
plain and covered in parts of the districts of Alwar,
Barmer, Bharatpur, Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, Jaipur, Junjhumu,
Jaisalmer and Sikar. Fall of more than 4 m occurs in the isolated patches and
scattered in north western half of the State. A maximum rise of 38.10 m is
recorded at Jasala in Dungarpur district and maximum fall of 18.42 m is
recorded at Moolsagar in Jaisalmer district.
41
Table-8.7
CATEGORISATION OF CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN MAY 2012 TO JANUARY 2013

analysed
7 5 8 3 0 0
1 AJMER 24 0.38 22.9 0.41 1.28 20 3
29.2% 20.8% 33.3% 12.5% 0.0% 0.0%
7 3 7 3 3 3
2 ALWAR 26 0.52 18.75 0.33 14.2 17 9
26.9% 11.5% 26.9% 11.5% 11.5% 11.5%
8 8 5 1 0 0
3 BANSWARA 22 0.38 7.4 0.54 0.54 21 1
36.4% 36.4% 22.7% 4.5% 0.0% 0.0%
5 3 0 5 0 0
4 BARAN 15 0.51 2.32 0.02 0.68 8 5
33.3% 20.0% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0%
17 2 2 13 3 0
5 BARMER 42 0.1 34.4 0.1 3.1 21 16
40.5% 4.8% 4.8% 31.0% 7.1% 0.0%
9 10 4 5 2 2
6 BHARATPUR 34 0.25 14.39 0.4 20.8 23 9
26.5% 29.4% 11.8% 14.7% 5.9% 5.9%
4 6 15 1 2 0
7 BHILWARA 28 0.59 16.84 0.02 3.36 25 3
14.3% 21.4% 53.6% 3.6% 7.1% 0.0%
28 1 0 10 3 2
8 BIKANER 45 0.01 3.5 0.01 4.58 29 15
62.2% 2.2% 0.0% 22.2% 6.7% 4.4%
5 1 1 2 1 0
9 BUNDI 10 0.06 4.02 0.16 3.71 7 3
50.0% 10.0% 10.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0%
4 10 6 1 0 3
10 CHITTAURGARH 24 0.07 7.39 0.22 12.33 20 4
16.7% 41.7% 25.0% 4.2% 0.0% 12.5%
15 0 1 13 1 0
11 CHURU 33 0.02 4.58 0.03 2.56 16 14
45.5% 0.0% 3.0% 39.4% 3.0% 0.0%
3 2 2 1 1 1
12 DAUSA 10 1.55 4.95 1.1 4.82 7 3
30.0% 20.0% 20.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0%
1 4 4 3 1 2
13 DHAULPUR 15 0.87 12.2 0.15 7.94 9 6
6.7% 26.7% 26.7% 20.0% 6.7% 13.3%
7 9 3 0 0 0
14 DUNGARPUR 19 1.03 6.93 - - 19 0
36.8% 47.4% 15.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
21 2 1 5 1 0
15 GANGANAGAR 30 0.01 16.45 0.04 2.67 24 6
70.0% 6.7% 3.3% 16.7% 3.3% 0.0%
20 3 5 6 0 0
16 HANUMANGARH 34 0.01 17.52 0.27 1.19 28 6
58.8% 8.8% 14.7% 17.6% 0.0% 0.0%
9 9 5 4 0 3
17 JAIPUR 30 0.06 6.85 0.5 14.8 23 7
30.0% 30.0% 16.7% 13.3% 0.0% 10.0%
8 3 0 16 5 4
18 JAISALMER 36 0.02 3.35 0.2 10.5 11 25
22.2% 8.3% 0.0% 44.4% 13.9% 11.1%
3 1 1 1 0 1
19 JALORE 7 0.2 8.15 1.6 8 5 2
42.9% 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 0.0% 14.3%
7 7 1 0 3 0
20 JHALAWAR 18 0.76 7.64 2.22 3.86 15 3
38.9% 38.9% 5.6% 0.0% 16.7% 0.0%
5 0 0 6 0 0
21 JHUNJHUNU 12 0.23 1.63 0.18 1.13 5 6
41.7% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0%
10 3 2 9 2 1
22 JODHPUR 34 0.57 7.9 0.6 4.15 15 12
29.4% 8.8% 5.9% 26.5% 5.9% 2.9%
1 5 5 1 0 0
23 KARAULI 14 1.4 7.71 0.44 0.44 11 1
7.1% 35.7% 35.7% 7.1% 0.0% 0.0%
5 3 4 3 1 0
24 KOTA 16 0.05 7.94 0.05 2.5 12 4
31.3% 18.8% 25.0% 18.8% 6.3% 0.0%
9 0 4 1 1 0
25 NAGAUR 16 0.42 22.04 1.03 2.9 13 2
56.3% 0.0% 25.0% 6.3% 6.3% 0.0%
4 4 4 3 1 1
26 PALI 21 0.65 8 0.35 8.1 12 5
19.0% 19.0% 19.0% 14.3% 4.8% 4.8%
7 12 3 1 0 1
27 RAJSAMAND 25 0.1 6.3 0.47 5.87 22 2
28.0% 48.0% 12.0% 4.0% 0.0% 4.0%
4 3 2 3 4 1
28 SAWAI MADHOPUR 17 0.31 5.38 0.46 10.02 9 8
23.5% 17.6% 11.8% 17.6% 23.5% 5.9%
8 1 0 12 0 2
29 SIKAR 23 0.06 2.31 0.01 16.39 9 14
34.8% 4.3% 0.0% 52.2% 0.0% 8.7%
5 3 4 0 1 0
30 SIROHI 13 0.8 11 2.4 2.4 12 1
38.5% 23.1% 0.0% 0.0% 7.7% 0.0%
5 4 0 3 1 0
31 TONK 13 0.36 3.22 0.81 3.5 9 4
38.5% 30.8% 0.0% 23.1% 7.7% 0.0%
23 9 4 3 2 1
32 UDAIPUR 43 0.28 17.1 0.12 4.2 36 6
53.5% 20.9% 9.3% 7.0% 4.7% 2.3%
274 136 103 138 39 28
Grand Total 749 0.01 34.40 0.01 20.80 513 205
36.6% 18.2% 13.8% 18.4% 5.2% 3.7%
42
8.4 Annual Water Level Fluctuation
Annual Fluctuation in the water levels of the NHS stations during
different monitoring periods were analysed graphically and depicted in Fig.
8.11 shows that mostly fall is observed in the range of 0 to 2m fluctuations in
most of the stations in all of the annual period.
43
8.4.1 May 2011 to May 2012
Water level fluctuation data during May 2011 and May 2012 is
presented in Table 8.8 and has been depicted in Fig. 8.12. A perusal of the
map (Fig. 8.12) and Table 8.8 reveals that about 55% of the wells have
registered rise in water level. These wells are mostly concentrated in
southern part of the State. Area of State falling in north-west of Aravalli Hills
shows predominantly fall in water level. Rise in water level between 0 and 2 m
has been observed in 35% of the stations falling mostly in the districts of
Ajmer Banswada, Baran, Barmer, Bikaner, Churu, Dungarpur, Ganganagar,
Jaipur, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Pali, Sikar and Udaipur. Rise of more than 4m has
een recorded mostly in Ajmer, Bhilwara, Chittaurgarh, Dungarpur, Jhalawad,
Jhunjhunu,, Swai Madhopur, Sirohi, Tonk, and Udaipur districts
Fall in water level is mainly in the range of 0 to 2 m and observed in
29% of the stations in the State. Fall of more than 4 m has been observed in
isolated patches scattered in entire State.
In state, maximum rise of 25.40 m has been recorded at Baori in
Jodhpur district, whereas the maximum decline of 21.90 m has been recorded
in Baswal in Dausa district.
8.4.2 August 2011 to August 2012

Water level fluctuation data during August 2011 and August 2012 is
presented in Table 8.9 and has been depicted in Plate 3. A perusal of the
map (Fig. 8.13) and Table 8.9 reveals that about 52% of the wells have
registered fall in water level. These wells are scattered in almost in whole
State. Area of State falling in north-west of Aravalli Hills shows predominantly
fall in water level. Rise in water level between 0 and 2 m has been observed
in 29% of the stations falling mostly in the districts of Ajmer Barmer, Bikaner,
Churu, Dhaulpur, Dungarpur, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Jaisalmer,
Jodhpur and Udaipur. Rise of more than 4m has een recorded mostly in
Ajmer, Bharatpur, Bhilwara, and Udaipur districts.
Fall in water level is mainly in the range of 0 to 2 m and observed in
35% of the stations in the State. Fall of more than 4 m has been observed in
isolated patches scattered in entire State.
44
In state, maximum rise of 15.46 m has been recorded at Salawatia in
Bhilwada district, whereas the maximum decline of 23.06 m has been
recorded in Arniyala in Nagaur district.
45
Table 8.8
CATEGORISATION OF CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN MAY 2011 TO MAY 2012

analysed
7 3 5 5 0 2
1 AJMER 22 0.52 5.94 0.29 10.95 15 7
31.8% 13.6% 22.7% 22.7% 0.0% 9.1%
4 0 0 13 6 4
2 ALWAR 27 0.15 1.8 0.03 11.45 4 23
14.8% 0.0% 0.0% 48.1% 22.2% 14.8%
7 5 0 4 2 0
3 BANSWARA 18 0.23 3.31 0.14 2.44 12 6
38.9% 27.8% 0.0% 22.2% 11.1% 0.0%
3 3 1 1 0 0
4 BARAN 8 0.17 4.1 0.9 0.9 7 1
37.5% 37.5% 12.5% 12.5% 0.0% 0.0%
15 3 3 13 4 1
5 BARMER 40 0.1 21.95 0.05 5.3 21 18
37.5% 7.5% 7.5% 32.5% 10.0% 2.5%
5 1 2 18 4 1
6 BHARATPUR 31 0.03 10.43 0.04 12.57 8 23
16.1% 3.2% 6.5% 58.1% 12.9% 3.2%
4 3 7 6 3 6
7 BHILWARA 29 0.35 12.2 0.51 15.3 14 15
13.8% 10.3% 24.1% 20.7% 10.3% 20.7%
16 3 0 21 3 2
8 BIKANER 45 0.05 3.1 0.03 11.05 19 26
35.6% 6.7% 0.0% 46.7% 6.7% 4.4%
2 4 1 2 0 0
9 BUNDI 9 0.42 6.9 0.2 0.55 7 2
22.2% 44.4% 11.1% 22.2% 0.0% 0.0%
5 1 7 1 1 2
10 CHITTAURGARH 18 0.26 12.77 0.13 6.25 13 4
27.8% 5.6% 38.9% 5.6% 5.6% 11.1%
17 4 0 8 1 0
11 CHURU 30 0.02 3.08 0.02 2.35 21 9
56.7% 13.3% 0.0% 26.7% 3.3% 0.0%
2 0 1 4 3 3
12 DAUSA 13 1.22 4.9 0.1 21.9 3 10
15.4% 0.0% 7.7% 30.8% 23.1% 23.1%
3 0 1 7 3 0
13 DHAULPUR 14 0.4 4.11 0.3 2.79 4 10
21.4% 0.0% 7.1% 50.0% 21.4% 0.0%
7 3 3 2 1 0
14 DUNGARPUR 16 0.19 5.4 0.08 3.11 13 3
43.8% 18.8% 18.8% 12.5% 6.3% 0.0%
22 1 2 5 2 2
15 GANGANAGAR 34 0.06 11.58 0.06 16.28 25 9
64.7% 2.9% 5.9% 14.7% 5.9% 5.9%
8 3 1 16 1 4
16 HANUMANGARH 34 0.13 11.87 0.11 14.85 12 21
23.5% 8.8% 2.9% 47.1% 2.9% 11.8%
13 1 3 9 7 2
17 JAIPUR 35 0.16 4.9 0.11 7.4 17 18
37.1% 2.9% 8.6% 25.7% 20.0% 5.7%
15 4 1 13 2 0
18 JAISALMER 36 0.1 7.5 0.01 2.8 20 15
41.7% 11.1% 2.8% 36.1% 5.6% 0.0%
3 0 1 0 2 2
19 JALORE 9 0.3 12.8 2.8 9.14 4 4
33.3% 0.0% 11.1% 0.0% 22.2% 22.2%
4 2 1 0 0 0
20 JHALAWAR 7 0.09 4.5 - - 7 0
57.1% 28.6% 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
5 0 2 7 1 1
21 JHUNJHUNU 16 0.15 9.69 0.42 11.54 7 9
31.3% 0.0% 12.5% 43.8% 6.3% 6.3%
10 1 1 5 3 3
22 JODHPUR 23 0.1 25.4 0.5 19.34 12 11
43.5% 4.3% 4.3% 21.7% 13.0% 13.0%
5 1 0 3 2 2
23 KARAULI 13 0.7 3.5 0.1 9.7 6 7
38.5% 7.7% 0.0% 23.1% 15.4% 15.4%
4 3 1 1 0 1
24 KOTA 10 0.2 7.1 0.16 4.28 8 2
40.0% 30.0% 10.0% 10.0% 0.0% 10.0%
2 1 0 8 1 4
25 NAGAUR 16 0.1 2.35 0.1 10.7 3 13
12.5% 6.3% 0.0% 50.0% 6.3% 25.0%
7 2 0 4 1 2
26 PALI 16 0.2 2.76 0.3 7.5 9 7
43.8% 12.5% 0.0% 25.0% 6.3% 12.5%
9 1 2 8 1 4
27 RAJSAMAND 25 0.66 6.99 0.05 14.25 12 13
36.0% 4.0% 8.0% 32.0% 4.0% 16.0%
6 6 2 1 1 0
28 SAWAI MADHOPUR 16 0.17 6.45 0.87 3.14 14 2
37.5% 37.5% 12.5% 6.3% 6.3% 0.0%
17 0 1 5 1 0
29 SIKAR 24 0.02 4.43 0.1 2.65 18 6
70.8% 0.0% 4.2% 20.8% 4.2% 0.0%
3 4 4 2 1 0
30 SIROHI 14 0.04 13.7 0.04 3.15 11 3
21.4% 28.6% 0.0% 14.3% 7.1% 0.0%
3 4 4 2 0 0
31 TONK 13 0.13 14.8 0.78 1.91 11 2
23.1% 30.8% 30.8% 15.4% 0.0% 0.0%
15 7 5 10 3 1
32 UDAIPUR 41 0.16 14.8 0.11 17.43 27 14
36.6% 17.1% 12.2% 24.4% 7.3% 2.4%
248 74 62 204 60 49
Grand Total 702 0.02 25.40 0.01 21.90 384 313
35.3% 10.5% 8.8% 29.1% 8.5% 7.0%
46
Table-8.9
CATEGORISATION OF CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN AUGUST 2011 TO AUGUST 2012

analysed
7 7 7 5 1 0
1 AJMER 27 0.13 12.19 0.03 2.3 21 6
25.9% 25.9% 25.9% 18.5% 3.7% 0.0%
4 0 2 12 8 1
2 ALWAR 27 0.82 10.9 0.11 6.8 6 21
14.8% 0.0% 7.4% 44.4% 29.6% 3.7%
4 0 1 15 1 0
3 BANSWARA 21 0.14 12.69 0.02 2.84 5 16
19.0% 0.0% 4.8% 71.4% 4.8% 0.0%
2 0 0 7 4 2
4 BARAN 15 0.87 1.93 0.04 7.09 2 13
13.3% 0.0% 0.0% 46.7% 26.7% 13.3%
15 4 4 14 4 5
5 BARMER 47 0.1 13.89 0.1 11 23 23
31.9% 8.5% 8.5% 29.8% 8.5% 10.6%
6 2 7 12 4 1
6 BHARATPUR 32 0.38 7.75 0.18 8.47 15 17
18.8% 6.3% 21.9% 37.5% 12.5% 3.1%
6 3 13 5 0 4
7 BHILWARA 31 0.71 15.46 0.04 8.56 22 9
19.4% 9.7% 41.9% 16.1% 0.0% 12.9%
16 1 2 22 2 5
8 BIKANER 48 0.01 5.24 0.01 17.41 19 29
33.3% 2.1% 4.2% 45.8% 4.2% 10.4%
2 1 2 3 1 1
9 BUNDI 10 0.72 5.35 0.16 8.4 5 5
20.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 10.0% 10.0%
4 4 5 6 2 5
10 CHITTAURGARH 26 0.48 12.36 0.02 13.7 13 13
15.4% 15.4% 19.2% 23.1% 7.7% 19.2%
13 0 0 14 0 3
11 CHURU 30 0.04 1.18 0.02 7.02 13 17
43.3% 0.0% 0.0% 46.7% 0.0% 10.0%
1 0 2 3 4 3
12 DAUSA 13 1.28 10.5 0.64 9.43 3 10
7.7% 0.0% 15.4% 23.1% 30.8% 23.1%
9 0 1 4 0 1
13 DHAULPUR 15 0.05 4.83 0.13 5.64 10 5
60.0% 0.0% 6.7% 26.7% 0.0% 6.7%
7 0 3 8 2 1
14 DUNGARPUR 21 0.04 5.64 0.23 4.39 10 11
33.3% 0.0% 14.3% 38.1% 9.5% 4.8%
22 1 2 9 2 4
15 GANGANAGAR 40 0.1 9.97 0.09 16.52 25 15
55.0% 2.5% 5.0% 22.5% 5.0% 10.0%
16 4 3 9 2 2
16 HANUMANGARH 36 0.13 9.38 0.33 10.1 23 13
44.4% 11.1% 8.3% 25.0% 5.6% 5.6%
8 7 2 10 7 0
17 JAIPUR 34 0.46 5.72 0.32 3.63 17 17
23.5% 20.6% 5.9% 29.4% 20.6% 0.0%
12 3 1 20 4 2
18 JAISALMER 43 0.15 8.6 0.05 17.45 16 26
27.9% 7.0% 2.3% 46.5% 9.3% 4.7%
0 1 0 4 2 4
19 JALORE 12 2.9 2.9 0.02 13.4 1 10
0.0% 8.3% 0.0% 33.3% 16.7% 33.3%
3 0 0 1 1 1
20 JHALAWAR 6 0.11 1.02 1 10.02 3 3
50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 16.7% 16.7%
2 1 0 11 0 1
21 JHUNJHUNU 15 0.02 2.41 0.13 6.81 3 12
13.3% 6.7% 0.0% 73.3% 0.0% 6.7%
10 3 3 8 2 4
22 JODHPUR 30 0.04 11.11 0.04 7.33 16 14
33.3% 10.0% 10.0% 26.7% 6.7% 13.3%
5 2 1 1 1 0
23 KARAULI 10 0.16 6.1 0.56 2.17 8 2
50.0% 20.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 0.0%
4 0 0 8 1 0
24 KOTA 14 0.4 1.7 0.19 2.09 4 9
28.6% 0.0% 0.0% 57.1% 7.1% 0.0%
6 1 1 9 4 4
25 NAGAUR 25 0.05 9.16 0.2 23.06 8 17
24.0% 4.0% 4.0% 36.0% 16.0% 16.0%
6 1 0 4 1 0
26 PALI 12 0.1 3.7 0.1 2.05 7 5
50.0% 8.3% 0.0% 33.3% 8.3% 0.0%
6 4 5 4 3 3
27 RAJSAMAND 25 1.35 9.02 0.17 8.8 15 10
24.0% 16.0% 20.0% 16.0% 12.0% 12.0%
4 0 0 4 4 2
28 SAWAI MADHOPUR 14 0.07 0.95 0.16 4.8 4 10
28.6% 0.0% 0.0% 28.6% 28.6% 14.3%
5 1 0 13 3 0
29 SIKAR 23 0.09 2.16 0.02 3.96 6 16
21.7% 4.3% 0.0% 56.5% 13.0% 0.0%
1 0 3 6 1 0
30 SIROHI 11 1.7 7 0.25 2.25 4 7
9.1% 0.0% 0.0% 54.5% 9.1% 0.0%
5 4 0 4 0 0
31 TONK 13 0.1 3.43 0.06 0.73 9 4
38.5% 30.8% 0.0% 30.8% 0.0% 0.0%
15 6 7 13 3 0
32 UDAIPUR 44 0.18 8.69 0.21 2.2 28 16
34.1% 13.6% 15.9% 29.5% 6.8% 0.0%
226 61 77 268 74 59
Grand Total 770 0.01 15.46 0.01 23.06 364 401
29.4% 7.9% 10.0% 34.8% 9.6% 7.7%
47
8.4.3 November 2011 to November 2012
A perusal of map (Fig. 8.14) and Table 8.10 reveals that about
52% of the stations shows fall in water level in patches scattered in the whole
state. Fall in the fluctuation of water level between 0 and 2 m are observed in
35.2% of the stations. Fall of more than 4m recorded mostly in Baran, Dausa,
Jaipur, and Jaisalmer districts. Rise in water level is mainly in the range of 0
to 2 m and observed in 31.7% of the stations in the State. Rise of more than 4
m is shown in isolated patches scattered mostly in Ajmer, Bilwara, Bikaner,
and Jaisalmer. In state the maximum rise of 35.87m is recorded at Kakra in
Bikaner district, whereas the maximum decline of 19.40 m is recorded in
Barani in Nagaur district.
8.4.4 January 2012 to January 2013

A perusal of map (Fig. 8.15) and Table 8.11 reveals that about
55% of the stations shows fall in water level mostly in isolated patches
scattered mostly in whole State. South eastern parts of the State have been
observed more rise in water level comparatively other parts of the State. Rise
and Fall in water level are mainly in the range of 0 to 2 m and observed at
31% to 32% stations. Rise of more than 4 m have been observed at 7%
stations mainly in Alwar, Barmer, Bhilwada, Jaipur and Karauli districts. Fall of
more than 4m have been recorded at 9% stations mostly in Alwar,
Chittaurgarh, Jaipur Jaisalmer, Nagaur, Rajsamand and Sawai Madhopur
districts.
In state the maximum rise of 34.30m is recorded at Palri in Barmer
district, whereas the maximum decline of 31.35 m is recorded in Ajasar in
Jaisalmer district.
48
49
Table-8.10
CATEGORISATION OF CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN NOVEMBER 2011 TO NOVEMBER 2012

analysed
7 2 5 4 4 0
1 AJMER 22 0.14 8.1 0.54 3.81 14 8
31.8% 9.1% 22.7% 18.2% 18.2% 0.0%
5 2 3 8 3 2
2 ALWAR 23 1.05 7.82 0.06 4.92 10 13
21.7% 8.7% 13.0% 34.8% 13.0% 8.7%
8 3 0 10 0 1
3 BANSWARA 22 0.02 2.97 0.26 15.05 11 11
36.4% 13.6% 0.0% 45.5% 0.0% 4.5%
3 0 0 7 1 4
4 BARAN 15 0.13 1.82 0.01 6.74 3 12
20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 46.7% 6.7% 26.7%
8 1 3 16 4 3
5 BARMER 35 0.2 14.45 0.1 5.2 12 23
22.9% 2.9% 8.6% 45.7% 11.4% 8.6%
12 1 2 10 1 3
6 BHARATPUR 29 0.06 10.81 0.01 9.93 15 14
41.4% 3.4% 6.9% 34.5% 3.4% 10.3%
13 3 9 1 0 2
7 BHILWARA 28 0.37 21.91 0.44 6.2 25 3
46.4% 10.7% 32.1% 3.6% 0.0% 7.1%
23 4 6 6 0 2
8 BIKANER 41 0.01 35.87 0.08 15.68 33 8
56.1% 9.8% 14.6% 14.6% 0.0% 4.9%
4 1 0 5 1 0
9 BUNDI 11 0.02 2.71 0.38 3.52 5 6
36.4% 9.1% 0.0% 45.5% 9.1% 0.0%
11 2 1 6 0 1
10 CHITTAURGARH 23 0.1 7.46 0.05 13.81 14 7
47.8% 8.7% 4.3% 26.1% 0.0% 4.3%
14 0 0 12 0 3
11 CHURU 29 0.01 1.32 0.03 10.22 14 15
48.3% 0.0% 0.0% 41.4% 0.0% 10.3%
0 1 1 5 1 4
12 DAUSA 12 2.1 10.56 0.89 7.89 2 10
0.0% 8.3% 8.3% 41.7% 8.3% 33.3%
8 2 0 3 0 0
13 DHAULPUR 13 0.05 3.81 0.19 0.99 10 3
61.5% 15.4% 0.0% 23.1% 0.0% 0.0%
4 2 0 13 1 0
14 DUNGARPUR 20 0.09 3.61 0.06 2.41 6 14
20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 65.0% 5.0% 0.0%
18 0 2 10 3 1
15 GANGANAGAR 34 0.01 9.44 0.04 4.46 20 14
52.9% 0.0% 5.9% 29.4% 8.8% 2.9%
12 1 2 15 1 2
16 HANUMANGARH 33 0.02 7.64 0.06 8.22 15 18
36.4% 3.0% 6.1% 45.5% 3.0% 6.1%
6 6 3 8 4 4
17 JAIPUR 31 0.07 6.61 0.22 6.24 15 16
19.4% 19.4% 9.7% 25.8% 12.9% 12.9%
4 1 4 19 6 9
18 JAISALMER 45 0.2 11 0.1 12.7 9 34
8.9% 2.2% 8.9% 42.2% 13.3% 20.0%
2 0 0 5 1 1
19 JALORE 9 0.1 0.7 0.4 10.4 2 7
22.2% 0.0% 0.0% 55.6% 11.1% 11.1%
6 0 0 12 0 1
20 JHALAWAR 19 0.04 1.92 0.01 7.43 6 13
31.6% 0.0% 0.0% 63.2% 0.0% 5.3%
1 1 0 5 4 2
21 JHUNJHUNU 13 0.98 2.64 0.08 7.62 2 11
7.7% 7.7% 0.0% 38.5% 30.8% 15.4%
8 2 2 8 6 3
22 JODHPUR 31 0.15 5.5 0.1 14.08 12 17
25.8% 6.5% 6.5% 25.8% 19.4% 9.7%
6 1 2 1 0 1
23 KARAULI 11 0.01 6.39 0.13 4.39 9 2
54.5% 9.1% 18.2% 9.1% 0.0% 9.1%
7 2 0 6 0 0
24 KOTA 15 0.2 3.61 0.35 1.96 9 6
46.7% 13.3% 0.0% 40.0% 0.0% 0.0%
8 0 1 6 3 2
25 NAGAUR 20 0.05 11.75 0.02 19.4 9 11
40.0% 0.0% 5.0% 30.0% 15.0% 10.0%
9 5 2 4 1 1
26 PALI 22 0.45 5.06 0.23 7.32 16 6
40.9% 22.7% 9.1% 18.2% 4.5% 4.5%
5 3 3 9 3 3
27 RAJSAMAND 26 0.25 5.71 0.22 9.52 11 15
19.2% 11.5% 11.5% 34.6% 11.5% 11.5%
3 2 1 9 0 0
28 SAWAI MADHOPUR 15 0.17 7.9 0.07 1.57 6 9
20.0% 13.3% 6.7% 60.0% 0.0% 0.0%
3 1 0 11 2 2
29 SIKAR 19 0.33 3.03 0.12 4.46 4 15
15.8% 5.3% 0.0% 57.9% 10.5% 10.5%
4 1 3 2 2 1
30 SIROHI 13 0.26 10.35 1.25 7.85 8 5
30.8% 7.7% 0.0% 15.4% 15.4% 0.0%
4 1 1 5 0 1
31 TONK 12 0.25 6.6 0.03 6.11 6 6
33.3% 8.3% 8.3% 41.7% 0.0% 8.3%
8 4 2 20 7 2
32 UDAIPUR 43 0.11 6.35 0.01 7.99 14 29
18.6% 9.3% 4.7% 46.5% 16.3% 4.7%
234 55 58 261 59 61
Grand Total 734 0.01 35.87 0.01 19.40 347 381
31.9% 7.5% 7.9% 35.6% 8.0% 8.3%
50
Table-8.11
CATEGORISATION OF CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL BETWEEN JANUARY 2012 TO JANUARY 2013

analysed
10 3 3 5 1 3
1 AJMER 25 0.45 7.04 0.16 9.11 16 9
40.0% 12.0% 12.0% 20.0% 4.0% 12.0%
5 1 4 10 0 5
2 ALWAR 25 0.13 13.23 0.1 25.66 10 15
20.0% 4.0% 16.0% 40.0% 0.0% 20.0%
10 2 0 8 2 0
3 BANSWARA 22 0.04 3.2 0.08 2.18 12 10
45.5% 9.1% 0.0% 36.4% 9.1% 0.0%
5 1 0 7 2 0
4 BARAN 17 0.05 2.11 0.01 3.22 6 9
29.4% 5.9% 0.0% 41.2% 11.8% 0.0%
14 0 4 18 6 3
5 BARMER 49 0.1 34.3 0.2 10.2 18 27
28.6% 0.0% 8.2% 36.7% 12.2% 6.1%
11 7 3 3 6 2
6 BHARATPUR 32 0.29 20.57 0.09 20.85 21 11
34.4% 21.9% 9.4% 9.4% 18.8% 6.3%
8 6 7 2 2 2
7 BHILWARA 27 0.1 10.81 0.1 6.66 21 6
29.6% 22.2% 25.9% 7.4% 7.4% 7.4%
21 0 1 17 4 1
8 BIKANER 45 0.02 5.35 0.05 5.79 22 22
46.7% 0.0% 2.2% 37.8% 8.9% 2.2%
2 0 0 4 3 2
9 BUNDI 12 0.12 1.14 0.1 6.06 2 9
16.7% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 25.0% 16.7%
4 4 1 8 1 6
10 CHITTAURGARH 24 0.9 9.36 0.1 9.42 9 15
16.7% 16.7% 4.2% 33.3% 4.2% 25.0%
10 1 0 15 2 0
11 CHURU 31 0.01 2.88 0.03 2.3 11 17
32.3% 3.2% 0.0% 48.4% 6.5% 0.0%
4 1 1 1 1 2
12 DAUSA 10 0.24 14.71 1.34 8.15 6 4
40.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 20.0%
5 4 2 2 1 1
13 DHAULPUR 15 0.46 8.72 0.76 8.52 11 4
33.3% 26.7% 13.3% 13.3% 6.7% 6.7%
7 0 1 9 4 0
14 DUNGARPUR 21 0.26 10.12 0.2 3.86 8 13
33.3% 0.0% 4.8% 42.9% 19.0% 0.0%
27 0 1 4 1 0
15 GANGANAGAR 34 0.09 16.45 0.02 3.43 28 5
79.4% 0.0% 2.9% 11.8% 2.9% 0.0%
14 1 1 17 1 2
16 HANUMANGARH 36 0.05 10.35 0.05 5.95 16 20
38.9% 2.8% 2.8% 47.2% 2.8% 5.6%
7 5 5 7 2 4
17 JAIPUR 31 0.1 5.97 0.36 13.92 17 13
22.6% 16.1% 16.1% 22.6% 6.5% 12.9%
12 1 2 18 3 8
18 JAISALMER 44 0.15 13.05 0.1 13.92 15 29
27.3% 2.3% 4.5% 40.9% 6.8% 18.2%
0 1 0 3 3 0
19 JALORE 7 3.7 3.7 0.5 3.8 1 6
0.0% 14.3% 0.0% 42.9% 42.9% 0.0%
3 2 1 7 6 0
20 JHALAWAR 19 0.42 6.83 0.23 3.5 6 13
15.8% 10.5% 5.3% 36.8% 31.6% 0.0%
1 0 1 8 1 0
21 JHUNJHUNU 11 0.04 5.1 0.07 2.47 2 9
9.1% 0.0% 9.1% 72.7% 9.1% 0.0%
12 2 3 7 6 2
22 JODHPUR 42 0.08 26.81 0.11 20.4 17 15
28.6% 4.8% 7.1% 16.7% 14.3% 4.8%
2 2 5 3 0 0
23 KARAULI 14 0.27 9.8 0.69 0.98 9 3
14.3% 14.3% 35.7% 21.4% 0.0% 0.0%
8 0 0 8 2 0
24 KOTA 18 0.1 0.63 0.11 2.11 8 10
44.4% 0.0% 0.0% 44.4% 11.1% 0.0%
9 1 1 7 0 5
25 NAGAUR 24 0.18 12.23 0.38 19.37 11 12
37.5% 4.2% 4.2% 29.2% 0.0% 20.8%
4 2 3 7 1 1
26 PALI 20 0.1 8.85 0.6 7.19 9 9
20.0% 10.0% 15.0% 35.0% 5.0% 5.0%
9 3 2 6 2 5
27 RAJSAMAND 27 0.08 8.26 0.06 14.62 14 13
33.3% 11.1% 7.4% 22.2% 7.4% 18.5%
3 1 0 5 2 6
28 SAWAI MADHOPUR 17 0.6 2.19 0.39 13.06 4 13
17.6% 5.9% 0.0% 29.4% 11.8% 35.3%
2 0 0 16 3 0
29 SIKAR 21 0.19 1.1 0.02 3.62 2 19
9.5% 0.0% 0.0% 76.2% 14.3% 0.0%
2 1 1 4 3 2
30 SIROHI 13 0.5 4.36 0.3 6.8 4 9
15.4% 7.7% 0.0% 30.8% 23.1% 0.0%
5 3 0 5 2 0
31 TONK 15 0.1 3.62 0.04 2.4 8 7
33.3% 20.0% 0.0% 33.3% 13.3% 0.0%
9 4 2 13 5 6
32 UDAIPUR 40 0.03 6.34 0.09 8.55 15 24
22.5% 10.0% 5.0% 32.5% 12.5% 15.0%
245 59 55 254 78 68
Grand Total 788 0.01 34.30 0.01 25.66 359 400
32.3% 7.8% 7.2% 33.5% 10.3% 9.0%
51
8.5 Long Term Ground Water Scenario
Long-term behaviour of water levels was studied by analysing the data
for decadal average water levels and fluctuation of water level with respect to
decadal average water levels.
8.5.1 Decadal Average Depth to Water Level

Parametric maps for the decade 2002-2011 have been prepared to
evaluate the long-term changes in the ground water regime. Decadal average
depth to water table data is given in Annexure II and distribution of the same
is discussed below.
8.5.1.1 Pre-monsoon Water Levels

Decadal average water level map for the period May 2003 to May 2012
(Fig. 8.16) reveals that the decadal average water level in Rajasthan is
covered 60% (Fig. 8.16a) of the area by water level ranges from 10 to 40
mbgl. Water level more than 40 m bgl is covered 22% of the area of state and
exist in patch extending from east to west direction in northern part . Shallow
water level less than 5 m bgl is seen in very limited area (2% of State).
8.5.1.2 Post Monsoon Water Levels

Decadal average water level map for the period November 2003 to
November 2012 (Fig. 8.17) reveals that major parts of the area (50% of State,
Fig. 8.17) covered by water level ranges from 10 to 40 m bgl. Water level
more than 40 m bgl is exist in northern part of the State in patch extending
from east to west. Shallow water level less than 5m bgl is observed in only 9%
of the area of the State.
52
53
54
8.5.2 Decadal Variations
Fig. 8.18 illustrates a comparison of the changes of the water levels during different
seasons with their respective decadal averages (Annexure- II).
55
8.5.2.1 Decadal average of May to May 2011
A comparison of the water levels of May 2012 with the average water
level of the May of last one decade (Fig. 8.19, Table 8.12) reveals that rise in
water level has been experienced in 54% of stations analysed in the State.
Rise is mostly in the range of 0-2m (28 %). Rise of more than 4 m is observed
mainly in the districts of Ajmer, Barmer, Bikaner, Chittourgarh, Jaisalmer,
Jalore, Jhalawar, Karauli, Jodhpur, Rajsamand, Swai Madhopur, Tonk and
Udaipur. Fall in water level has been mainly recorded in central parts of the
State in patches extending from north east to south west direction. Fall of
more than 4 m has been recorded mainly in the districts of Alwar, Bharatpur,
Bhilwara, Bikaner, Dausa, Dhaulpur, Jaipur, Jalore, Jhunjhunu, Nagaur and
Sikar.
The maximum rise of 25.88 m has been recorded at Lalera in Bikaner
whereas the maximum decline of 28.29 m has been observed at Arniyala in
Nagaur districts.
8.5.2.2 Decadal average of August to August 2011

A comparison of the water levels of August 2012 with the average
water level of the August of last one decade (Fig. 8.20, Table 8.13) reveals
that rise in water level has been experienced in 60% of stations analysed in
the State. Rise is mostly in the range of 0-2m (29 %). Rise of more than 4 m is
observed mainly in the districts of Ajmer, Barmer, Bhilwada, Chittourgarh,
Jaipur, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Rajsamand, and Udaipur. Fall in water level has
been mainly recorded in central parts of the State in patches extending from
north east to south west direction. Fall of more than 4 m has been recorded
mainly in the districts of Barmer, Bharatpur, Bikaner, Churu, Dausa, Jaipur,
Jaisalmer, Jalore, Jhunjhunu, Jodhpur, Nagaur and Sikar.
The maximum rise of 16.07 m has been recorded at Dolia in Barmer
and Devalia in Jaipur whereas the maximum decline of 27.70 m has been
observed at Dharmi in Jodhpur districts.
56
57
Table 8.12
WELL WISE CATEGORISATION OF CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL DURING MAY 2012 WITH RESPECT TO DECADAL AVERAGE OF MAY (2002 TO 2011)
analysed
4 10 7 2 1 2
1 AJMER 26 0.3 5.59 1.62 12.51 21 5
15.4% 38.5% 26.9% 7.7% 3.8% 7.7%
3 0 1 5 6 15
2 ALWAR 30 0.19 4.63 0.03 22.94 4 26
10.0% 0.0% 3.3% 16.7% 20.0% 50.0%
14 0 1 6 4 1
3 BANSWARA 26 0.08 4.89 0.09 13.17 15 11
53.8% 0.0% 3.8% 23.1% 15.4% 3.8%
6 3 0 4 1 0
4 BARAN 14 0.22 3.83 1 3.2 9 5
42.9% 21.4% 0.0% 28.6% 7.1% 0.0%
10 7 8 13 2 4
5 BARMER 44 0.18 6.62 0.17 6.62 25 19
22.7% 15.9% 18.2% 29.5% 4.5% 9.1%
8 3 2 12 5 6
6 BHARATPUR 36 0.55 8.97 0.02 19.82 13 23
22.2% 8.3% 5.6% 33.3% 13.9% 16.7%
9 9 3 2 4 6
7 BHILWARA 33 0.48 9.2 0.43 10.02 21 12
27.3% 27.3% 9.1% 6.1% 12.1% 18.2%
19 6 6 9 5 5
8 BIKANER 50 0.03 25.88 0.06 12.27 31 19
38.0% 12.0% 12.0% 18.0% 10.0% 10.0%
4 3 1 2 1 0
9 BUNDI 11 0.24 5.02 0.5 2.61 8 3
36.4% 27.3% 9.1% 18.2% 9.1% 0.0%
7 1 7 5 1 2
10 CHITTAURGARH 23 0.07 14 0.02 5.72 15 8
30.4% 4.3% 30.4% 21.7% 4.3% 8.7%
13 0 1 15 2 3
11 CHURU 34 0.02 5.54 0.01 23.08 14 20
38.2% 0.0% 2.9% 44.1% 5.9% 8.8%
0 3 0 1 3 6
12 DAUSA 13 2.1 3.07 0.11 12.82 3 10
0.0% 23.1% 0.0% 7.7% 23.1% 46.2%
3 3 1 4 2 4
13 DHAULPUR 17 0.46 4.9 0.17 7.54 7 10
17.6% 17.6% 5.9% 23.5% 11.8% 23.5%
8 5 1 6 0 1
14 DUNGARPUR 21 0.22 4.28 0.08 7.83 14 7
38.1% 23.8% 4.8% 28.6% 0.0% 4.8%
22 8 2 0 2 1
15 GANGANAGAR 35 0.25 4.85 2.07 14.64 32 3
62.9% 22.9% 5.7% 0.0% 5.7% 2.9%
9 2 0 12 9 3
16 HANUMANGARH 35 0.13 2.81 0.01 16.43 11 24
25.7% 5.7% 0.0% 34.3% 25.7% 8.6%
5 3 3 5 5 19
17 JAIPUR 40 0.07 6.59 0.3 19.93 11 29
12.5% 7.5% 7.5% 12.5% 12.5% 47.5%
17 2 7 13 4 5
18 JAISALMER 48 0.03 11.95 0.03 17.91 26 22
35.4% 4.2% 14.6% 27.1% 8.3% 10.4%
1 2 4 1 0 4
19 JALORE 12 0.61 11.91 0.6 16.19 7 5
8.3% 16.7% 33.3% 8.3% 0.0% 33.3%
5 0 2 0 1 0
20 JHALAWAR 8 0.33 9.41 2.84 2.84 7 1
62.5% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 12.5% 0.0%
1 0 1 1 4 9
21 JHUNJHUNU 16 1 4.94 1.67 12.76 2 14
6.3% 0.0% 6.3% 6.3% 25.0% 56.3%
7 6 6 10 2 4
22 JODHPUR 35 0.02 25.4 0.03 27.02 19 16
20.0% 17.1% 17.1% 28.6% 5.7% 11.4%
2 2 3 5 2 1
23 KARAULI 15 0.9 12.85 0.25 8.06 7 8
13.3% 13.3% 20.0% 33.3% 13.3% 6.7%
6 2 2 4 2 0
24 KOTA 16 0.1 6.78 0.4 3.45 10 6
37.5% 12.5% 12.5% 25.0% 12.5% 0.0%
6 0 2 3 9 9
25 NAGAUR 29 0.33 8.82 0.23 28.29 8 21
20.7% 0.0% 6.9% 10.3% 31.0% 31.0%
7 1 2 8 1 4
26 PALI 23 0.54 11.6 0.19 14.17 10 13
30.4% 4.3% 8.7% 34.8% 4.3% 17.4%
5 8 8 2 1 2
27 RAJSAMAND 26 0.2 7.68 0.08 9.84 21 5
19.2% 30.8% 30.8% 7.7% 3.8% 7.7%
3 5 4 4 1 1
28 SAWAI MADHOPUR 18 1.17 11.13 0.36 12.5 12 6
16.7% 27.8% 22.2% 22.2% 5.6% 5.6%
0 0 1 4 5 14
29 SIKAR 24 8.65 8.65 0.11 9.44 1 23
0.0% 0.0% 4.2% 16.7% 20.8% 58.3%
4 4 7 0 0 0
30 SIROHI 15 0.58 9.42 - - 15 0
26.7% 26.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
2 4 6 1 0 0
31 TONK 13 0.41 7.44 0.29 0.29 12 1
15.4% 30.8% 46.2% 7.7% 0.0% 0.0%
19 9 9 3 2 1
32 UDAIPUR 43 0.05 14.08 0.43 14.26 37 6
44.2% 20.9% 20.9% 7.0% 4.7% 2.3%
229 111 108 162 87 132
Grand Total 829 0.02 25.88 0.01 28.29 448 381
27.6% 13.4% 13.0% 19.5% 10.5% 15.9%
58
Table-8.13
WELL WISE CATEGORISATION OF CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL DURING AUGUST 2012 WITH RESPECT TO DECADAL AVERAGE OF AUGUST (2002 TO 2011)
analysed
0 9 16 2 1 0
1 AJMER 28 2.18 12.23 0.81 3.83 25 3
0.0% 32.1% 57.1% 7.1% 3.6% 0.0%
3 4 2 2 4 17
2 ALWAR 32 1.38 10.17 1.12 19.93 9 23
9.4% 12.5% 6.3% 6.3% 12.5% 53.1%
14 4 0 5 0 0
3 BANSWARA 23 0.03 3.96 0.1 1.98 18 5
60.9% 17.4% 0.0% 21.7% 0.0% 0.0%
8 2 0 5 0 0
4 BARAN 15 0.21 2.44 0.42 1.98 10 5
53.3% 13.3% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0%
11 8 8 16 6 8
5 BARMER 58 0.09 16.07 0.02 20.53 27 30
19.0% 13.8% 13.8% 27.6% 10.3% 13.8%
7 8 2 8 5 4
6 BHARATPUR 34 0.66 6.78 0.11 14.49 17 17
20.6% 23.5% 5.9% 23.5% 14.7% 11.8%
9 8 13 2 4 0
7 BHILWARA 36 0.13 11.28 0.37 3.77 30 6
25.0% 22.2% 36.1% 5.6% 11.1% 0.0%
24 8 2 4 4 9
8 BIKANER 51 0.04 7.4 0.44 12.89 34 17
47.1% 15.7% 3.9% 7.8% 7.8% 17.6%
3 4 1 1 0 2
9 BUNDI 11 0.15 4.12 0.78 9.67 8 3
27.3% 36.4% 9.1% 9.1% 0.0% 18.2%
7 5 9 5 1 2
10 CHITTAURGARH 29 0.05 12.91 0.07 10.63 21 8
24.1% 17.2% 31.0% 17.2% 3.4% 6.9%
10 3 0 16 2 4
11 CHURU 35 0 3.91 0.12 26.79 13 22
28.6% 8.6% 0.0% 45.7% 5.7% 11.4%
2 1 3 1 0 7
12 DAUSA 14 0.15 8.24 0.72 14.26 6 8
14.3% 7.1% 21.4% 7.1% 0.0% 50.0%
5 1 4 4 0 2
13 DHAULPUR 16 0.03 5.06 0.35 8.72 10 6
31.3% 6.3% 25.0% 25.0% 0.0% 12.5%
15 5 1 0 1 0
14 DUNGARPUR 22 0.01 4.5 2.12 2.12 21 1
68.2% 22.7% 4.5% 0.0% 4.5% 0.0%
23 6 2 7 1 1
15 GANGANAGAR 40 0.06 11.25 0.08 16.58 31 9
57.5% 15.0% 5.0% 17.5% 2.5% 2.5%
9 2 3 14 7 2
16 HANUMANGARH 37 0.04 9.46 0.18 16.76 14 23
24.3% 5.4% 8.1% 37.8% 18.9% 5.4%
3 4 6 5 5 18
17 JAIPUR 41 0.57 16.07 0.52 18.17 13 28
7.3% 9.8% 14.6% 12.2% 12.2% 43.9%
21 4 7 10 6 8
18 JAISALMER 56 0.02 7.2 0.02 19.3 32 24
37.5% 7.1% 12.5% 17.9% 10.7% 14.3%
3 3 0 2 0 6
19 JALORE 14 0.58 3.79 0.47 19.23 6 8
21.4% 21.4% 0.0% 14.3% 0.0% 42.9%
4 1 0 0 0 1
20 JHALAWAR 6 0.35 2.22 4.92 4.92 5 1
66.7% 16.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7%
0 1 0 2 6 6
21 JHUNJHUNU 15 2.76 2.76 0.82 10.97 1 14
0.0% 6.7% 0.0% 13.3% 40.0% 40.0%
11 2 9 8 6 7
22 JODHPUR 43 0.08 12.74 0.24 27.7 22 21
25.6% 4.7% 20.9% 18.6% 14.0% 16.3%
3 2 4 2 2 0
23 KARAULI 13 0.89 11.77 0.63 2.32 9 4
23.1% 15.4% 30.8% 15.4% 15.4% 0.0%
8 2 1 5 0 0
24 KOTA 16 0.13 7.16 0.38 1.7 11 5
50.0% 12.5% 6.3% 31.3% 0.0% 0.0%
4 3 4 1 9 9
25 NAGAUR 30 0.17 15.41 1.47 27.36 11 19
13.3% 10.0% 13.3% 3.3% 30.0% 30.0%
14 6 2 5 1 1
26 PALI 29 0.27 9.57 0.07 4.5 22 7
48.3% 20.7% 6.9% 17.2% 3.4% 3.4%
4 7 15 2 0 1
27 RAJSAMAND 29 1.48 10.03 0.39 4.42 26 3
13.8% 24.1% 51.7% 6.9% 0.0% 3.4%
4 8 3 2 0 2
28 SAWAI MADHOPUR 19 0.13 11.71 0.31 11.06 15 4
21.1% 42.1% 15.8% 10.5% 0.0% 10.5%
1 0 1 5 3 14
29 SIKAR 24 1.05 9.23 0.11 9.3 2 22
4.2% 0.0% 4.2% 20.8% 12.5% 58.3%
3 3 5 2 2 0
30 SIROHI 15 0.38 7.56 0.19 3.38 11 4
20.0% 20.0% 0.0% 13.3% 13.3% 0.0%
3 5 4 2 0 0
31 TONK 14 0.77 9.57 0.09 0.47 12 2
21.4% 35.7% 28.6% 14.3% 0.0% 0.0%
18 12 13 2 0 0
32 UDAIPUR 45 0.01 9.52 0.53 1.48 43 2
40.0% 26.7% 28.9% 4.4% 0.0% 0.0%
254 141 140 147 76 131
Grand Total 890 0.00 16.07 0.02 27.70 535 354
28.5% 15.8% 15.7% 16.5% 8.5% 14.7%
59
8.5.2.3 Decadal average of November to November 2011
A comparison of the water level of the November 2012 with the
average water level of the November of last one decade (Fig. 8.21, Table
8.14) reveals that rise in water level is experienced in 64% of stations
analysed in the State. Rise is mostly in the range of 0-2m (30.5 %). Rise of
more than 4 m is observed mainly in the districts of Ajmer, Bhilwara,
Chittourgarh, Jodhpur, Rajsamand and Udaipur. Fall in water level is mainly
recorded in the central parts of the State extending from East to West
direction. Fall of more than 4 m is exist in the Eastern parts mostly covering
the district of Alwar, Jaipur, Sikar, Nagaur, Churu and Jhunjhunu and in the
western side in the district of Jalore and Jaisalmer. The maximum rise of
19.01 m is recorded at Doli in Barmer whereas the maximum decline of 24.26
m is observed at Dudwa in Churu districts.
8.5.2.4 Decadal average of January to January 2012

A comparison of the water level of the January 2013 with the average
water level of the January of last one decade (Fig. 8.22, Table 8.15) reveals
that rise in water level is experienced in 61% of stations analysed in the State.
Rise is mostly in the range of 0-2m (28 %). Rise of more than 4 m is observed
mainly in the districts of Ajmer, Bhiwara, Chittaurgarh, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur
Rajsamand and Shihori. Fall in water level is mainly recorded in the central
parts of the State extending from north east to south west direction. Fall of
more than 4 m is recorded mainly in the districts of Alwar, Barmer, Bharatpur,
Bikaner, Dausa, Jaipur, Jhunjhunu, Jodhpur and Sikar.
The maximum rise of 54.59 m is recorded at Napat in Barmer whereas
the maximum decline of 27.19 m is observed at Dudwa in Churu districts.
60
61
Table-8.14
WELL WISE CATEGORISATION OF CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL DURING NOVEMBER 2012 WITH RESPECT TO DECADAL AVERAGE OF NOVEMBER (2002 TO
2011)
analysed
3 5 14 3 0 0
1 AJMER 25 1.14 10.37 0.9 1.79 22 3
12.0% 20.0% 56.0% 12.0% 0.0% 0.0%
3 3 3 3 3 11
2 ALWAR 26 0.11 10.37 0.35 14.15 9 17
11.5% 11.5% 11.5% 11.5% 11.5% 42.3%
14 4 0 5 1 1
3 BANSWARA 25 0.05 3.37 0.01 11.3 18 7
56.0% 16.0% 0.0% 20.0% 4.0% 4.0%
6 2 0 3 4 0
4 BARAN 15 0.05 2.31 0.66 3.87 8 7
40.0% 13.3% 0.0% 20.0% 26.7% 0.0%
14 7 9 10 2 6
5 BARMER 48 0 19.01 0 6.48 30 18
29.2% 14.6% 18.8% 20.8% 4.2% 12.5%
9 3 4 10 3 5
6 BHARATPUR 34 0.15 6.75 0.02 19.96 16 18
26.5% 8.8% 11.8% 29.4% 8.8% 14.7%
6 4 15 1 3 1
7 BHILWARA 30 0.42 12.82 1.46 4.31 25 5
20.0% 13.3% 50.0% 3.3% 10.0% 3.3%
18 10 5 5 2 3
8 BIKANER 43 0.19 7.53 0.19 21.53 33 10
41.9% 23.3% 11.6% 11.6% 4.7% 7.0%
4 3 3 2 0 0
9 BUNDI 12 0.83 9.42 0.12 1.32 10 2
33.3% 25.0% 25.0% 16.7% 0.0% 0.0%
7 6 9 1 0 1
10 CHITTAURGARH 24 0.23 10.83 0.03 6.91 22 2
29.2% 25.0% 37.5% 4.2% 0.0% 4.2%
11 1 1 10 3 5
11 CHURU 31 0.03 4.58 0.09 24.26 13 18
35.5% 3.2% 3.2% 32.3% 9.7% 16.1%
2 3 1 1 2 4
12 DAUSA 13 0.54 5.46 0.41 11.3 6 7
15.4% 23.1% 7.7% 7.7% 15.4% 30.8%
3 3 2 3 0 4
13 DHAULPUR 15 0.02 5.1 0.28 7.58 8 7
20.0% 20.0% 13.3% 20.0% 0.0% 26.7%
13 6 2 1 0 0
14 DUNGARPUR 22 0.01 5.64 0.04 0.04 21 1
59.1% 27.3% 9.1% 4.5% 0.0% 0.0%
23 5 1 6 0 2
15 GANGANAGAR 37 0.03 9.03 0.01 15.08 29 8
62.2% 13.5% 2.7% 16.2% 0.0% 5.4%
12 5 1 7 8 2
16 HANUMANGARH 35 0.03 8.41 0.3 7.07 18 17
34.3% 14.3% 2.9% 20.0% 22.9% 5.7%
7 2 4 5 3 12
17 JAIPUR 33 0.44 9.5 0.6 16.76 13 20
21.2% 6.1% 12.1% 15.2% 9.1% 36.4%
12 7 5 15 7 9
18 JAISALMER 55 0.03 9.9 0.05 20.09 24 31
21.8% 12.7% 9.1% 27.3% 12.7% 16.4%
4 2 0 1 0 3
19 JALORE 10 0.34 3.86 1.92 15.21 6 4
40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 10.0% 0.0% 30.0%
11 7 1 0 1 0
20 JHALAWAR 20 0.15 4.47 2.22 2.22 19 1
55.0% 35.0% 5.0% 0.0% 5.0% 0.0%
0 0 0 1 4 8
21 JHUNJHUNU 13 - - 1.33 16.77 0 13
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.7% 30.8% 61.5%
10 4 9 5 6 5
22 JODHPUR 39 0.05 8.73 0.28 8.3 23 16
25.6% 10.3% 23.1% 12.8% 15.4% 12.8%
4 2 4 1 2 0
23 KARAULI 13 0.19 9.69 1.95 3.47 10 3
30.8% 15.4% 30.8% 7.7% 15.4% 0.0%
9 5 1 2 0 0
24 KOTA 17 0.02 5.5 0.38 0.79 15 2
52.9% 29.4% 5.9% 11.8% 0.0% 0.0%
5 1 3 2 7 5
25 NAGAUR 23 0.31 13.87 0.23 8.7 9 14
21.7% 4.3% 13.0% 8.7% 30.4% 21.7%
8 9 4 6 0 1
26 PALI 28 0.25 14.19 0.04 5.63 21 7
28.6% 32.1% 14.3% 21.4% 0.0% 3.6%
6 8 10 2 1 0
27 RAJSAMAND 27 0.26 9.72 1.06 2.3 24 3
22.2% 29.6% 37.0% 7.4% 3.7% 0.0%
3 6 6 1 0 0
28 SAWAI MADHOPUR 16 1.33 8.87 0.35 0.35 15 1
18.8% 37.5% 37.5% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0%
1 0 0 4 5 9
29 SIKAR 19 0.1 0.1 0.68 10.73 1 18
5.3% 0.0% 0.0% 21.1% 26.3% 47.4%
5 2 7 3 0 0
30 SIROHI 17 0.02 8.48 0.03 0.94 14 3
29.4% 11.8% 0.0% 17.6% 0.0% 0.0%
3 4 5 1 0 0
31 TONK 13 0.88 8.3 0.73 0.73 12 1
23.1% 30.8% 38.5% 7.7% 0.0% 0.0%
15 12 8 6 1 2
32 UDAIPUR 44 0.13 10.92 0.13 6.5 35 9
34.1% 27.3% 18.2% 13.6% 2.3% 4.5%
251 141 137 126 68 99
Grand Total 822 0.00 19.01 0.00 24.26 529 293
30.5% 17.2% 16.7% 15.3% 8.3% 12.0%
62
Table-8.15
WELL WISE CATEGORISATION OF CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL DURING JANUARY 2013 WITH RESPECT TO DECADAL AVERAGE OF JANUARY (2003 TO
2012)
analysed
2 5 17 2 1 0
1 AJMER 27 0.32 10.94 0.13 2.34 24 3
7.4% 18.5% 63.0% 7.4% 3.7% 0.0%
6 1 4 3 3 10
2 ALWAR 27 0.13 13.65 0.05 36.11 11 16
22.2% 3.7% 14.8% 11.1% 11.1% 37.0%
9 5 0 9 0 0
3 BANSWARA 23 0.2 2.66 0.09 1.57 14 9
39.1% 21.7% 0.0% 39.1% 0.0% 0.0%
11 4 0 4 1 0
4 BARAN 20 0.05 2.92 0.09 3.13 15 5
55.0% 20.0% 0.0% 20.0% 5.0% 0.0%
14 3 10 12 7 5
5 BARMER 54 0.07 45.72 0 9.93 27 24
25.9% 5.6% 18.5% 22.2% 13.0% 9.3%
9 6 5 7 4 3
6 BHARATPUR 34 0.52 9.06 0.05 18.5 20 14
26.5% 17.6% 14.7% 20.6% 11.8% 8.8%
3 7 16 0 3 0
7 BHILWARA 29 0.79 11.4 3.36 3.76 26 3
10.3% 24.1% 55.2% 0.0% 10.3% 0.0%
22 8 1 8 4 8
8 BIKANER 51 0.18 4.39 0.07 16.77 31 20
43.1% 15.7% 2.0% 15.7% 7.8% 15.7%
5 1 2 2 2 0
9 BUNDI 12 0.41 10.04 0.24 3.04 8 4
41.7% 8.3% 16.7% 16.7% 16.7% 0.0%
6 5 6 7 1 3
10 CHITTAURGARH 28 0.42 9.81 0.07 7.11 17 11
21.4% 17.9% 21.4% 25.0% 3.6% 10.7%
13 1 3 14 3 2
11 CHURU 36 0.04 7.11 0.12 24.12 17 19
36.1% 2.8% 8.3% 38.9% 8.3% 5.6%
3 2 2 0 1 4
12 DAUSA 12 0.31 7.43 2.13 11.31 7 5
25.0% 16.7% 16.7% 0.0% 8.3% 33.3%
3 2 5 0 2 3
13 DHAULPUR 15 0.06 7.24 2.62 12.83 10 5
20.0% 13.3% 33.3% 0.0% 13.3% 20.0%
8 6 1 6 1 0
14 DUNGARPUR 22 0.04 13.35 0.5 3.12 15 7
36.4% 27.3% 4.5% 27.3% 4.5% 0.0%
25 7 0 3 0 0
15 GANGANAGAR 35 0.11 3.42 0.24 0.73 32 3
71.4% 20.0% 0.0% 8.6% 0.0% 0.0%
9 10 0 13 6 1
16 HANUMANGARH 39 0.39 3.8 0.15 23.95 19 20
23.1% 25.6% 0.0% 33.3% 15.4% 2.6%
6 5 3 5 2 15
17 JAIPUR 36 0.1 10.1 0.03 21.22 14 22
16.7% 13.9% 8.3% 13.9% 5.6% 41.7%
13 5 5 11 6 10
18 JAISALMER 50 0.14 46.82 0.03 13.92 23 27
26.0% 10.0% 10.0% 22.0% 12.0% 20.0%
4 1 1 1 0 1
19 JALORE 8 0.67 8.42 1.39 13.89 6 2
50.0% 12.5% 12.5% 12.5% 0.0% 12.5%
12 6 1 0 0 0
20 JHALAWAR 19 0.02 4.82 - - 19 0
63.2% 31.6% 5.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
0 0 0 2 4 6
21 JHUNJHUNU 12 - - 0.92 11.58 0 12
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 33.3% 50.0%
8 6 8 9 5 7
22 JODHPUR 47 0.12 9.93 0 28.27 22 21
17.0% 12.8% 17.0% 19.1% 10.6% 14.9%
5 0 7 0 2 0
23 KARAULI 14 0.18 11.23 2.84 2.85 12 2
35.7% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 14.3% 0.0%
11 3 3 1 0 0
24 KOTA 18 0.11 5.06 0.52 0.52 17 1
61.1% 16.7% 16.7% 5.6% 0.0% 0.0%
3 3 2 5 5 6
25 NAGAUR 25 0.24 15.47 0.52 9.97 8 16
12.0% 12.0% 8.0% 20.0% 20.0% 24.0%
6 8 3 5 2 0
26 PALI 25 0.69 12.81 0.13 2.38 17 7
24.0% 32.0% 12.0% 20.0% 8.0% 0.0%
4 3 12 3 2 3
27 RAJSAMAND 27 0.04 12.77 0.07 12.31 19 8
14.8% 11.1% 44.4% 11.1% 7.4% 11.1%
2 7 1 3 2 3
28 SAWAI MADHOPUR 18 1.1 5.59 1.19 9.45 10 8
11.1% 38.9% 5.6% 16.7% 11.1% 16.7%
0 0 0 5 5 15
29 SIKAR 25 - - 0.6 20.29 0 25
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 20.0% 60.0%
4 2 6 4 0 0
30 SIROHI 16 0.38 9.69 0.07 1.02 12 4
25.0% 12.5% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0%
2 5 8 1 0 0
31 TONK 16 0.65 10.26 1.48 1.48 15 1
12.5% 31.3% 50.0% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0%
18 5 6 12 1 2
32 UDAIPUR 45 0.08 11.16 0.09 5.7 29 15
40.0% 11.1% 13.3% 26.7% 2.2% 4.4%
246 132 138 157 75 107
Grand Total 865 0.02 46.82 0.00 36.11 516 339
28.4% 15.3% 16.0% 18.2% 8.7% 12.4%
63
9.0 HYDROCHEMISTRY
For the evaluation of hydro chemical status and distribution of various chemical
constituents in Ground water of Rajasthan state, 684 water samples were collected
from NHS during May, 2012. These were chemically analyzed in chemical laboratory.
The detailed chemical analysis results of 684 ground water samples (district wise)
have been given in Annexure III. Table- 9.2 shows district wise percentage of
stations where the principal chemical constituents are beyond permissible limits for
drinking purpose and Table 9.3 shows the distribution of major constituents in various
permissible limits in State. District wise distribution of major constituents in (1) within
permissible limit (2) maximum permissible limit (3) beyond permissible limit have
been shown in Table 9.4. District wise minimum and maximum values of various
chemical constituents are given in Table 9.5a and 9.5b . The distribution of some
major chemical constituents in Rajasthan state have been shown by maps.
9.1 Standards for drinking use
The presence of various chemical constituents in excess quantity in water affects the
human health adversely. In our country Bureau of Indian Standard has prescribed
standards for drinking purpose (IS-10500:91). The desirable and maximum limits for
major constituents and their probable effects on human body have been shown in the
following Table 9.1 and area covered by different constituents are shown in Fig.
9.1.
Table: 9.1 Standard for drinking water use.

S.No. Constituents Desirable Maximum Probable effects
limit(ppm) permissible
limit (ppm)
1 TDS 500 2000 Beyond limit water bitter in taste and can cause
stomach disorder.
2 Chloride 250 1000 Indigestion, bitter taste
3 Sulphate 200 400 ( if Mg Causes stomach disorder.

does not
exceeds
30ppm)
4 Nitrate -- 100 Mathaemoglobinaemia in bottle fed infants and

Gastro-intestinal problems.
63
Gastro-intestinal problems.
5 Fluoride 1 1.5 Above permissible limit causes skeletal and

dental fluorosis and non skeletal manifestation.
6 Total 300 600 Calcification of arteries, urinary concretions,

Hardness diseases of kidney or bladder, stomach
disorder.
7 Calcium 75 200 Insufficiency causes rickets, excess causes

stones in kidney or bladder, essential for
human health.
8 Magnesium 30 100 Its salts are cathartic & diuretic, excess is

laxative.
9 Iron 0.3 1.0 Bitter sweet taste, staining of laundry, trace is

essential for nutrition.
Table - 9.2 Percentage distribution of stations in major constituents in Rajasthan during year
2012
Constituents
Sr. No. Limit TDS Cl SO4 F NO3 TH Ca Mg Fe
Within
1 desirable 11.40 53.07 61.55 53.65 58.33 42.25 61.26 30.70 53.36
Within
Max.permiss
2 ible 63.60 35.09 20.76 16.52 21.20 36.99 31.14 52.19 22.37
Beyond
3 permissible 25.29 11.84 17.69 29.97 20.61 20.76 7.60 17.54 24.27
64
65
Table 9.3 DISTRICT WISE PERCENTAGE OF STATIONS WHERE THE PRINCIPAL CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS ARE BEYOND PERMISSIBLE
LIMIT FOR DRINKING WATER (BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF NHS WATER SAMPLES OF YEAR 2012)
District No. of samples Ca Cl F Fe NO3 Mg SO4 TDS TH
AJMER 25 8.00% 16.00% 28.00% 40.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 24.00% 28.00%
ALWAR 30 6.67% 6.67% 33.33% 16.67% 6.67% 3.33% 10.00% 10.00% 6.67%
BANSWARA 15 0.00% 0.00% 6.67% 33.33% 13.33% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
BARAN 17 11.76% 0.00% 0.00% 47.06% 11.76% 23.53% 11.76% 17.65% 29.41%
BARMER 33 15.15% 36.36% 36.36% 6.06% 27.27% 36.36% 30.30% 51.52% 36.36%
BHARATPUR 33 3.03% 24.24% 18.18% 21.21% 12.12% 39.39% 33.33% 45.45% 36.36%
BHILWARA 29 6.90% 10.34% 68.97% 37.93% 17.24% 17.24% 10.34% 20.69% 20.69%
BIKANER 42 7.14% 11.90% 28.57% 16.67% 7.14% 21.43% 9.52% 14.29% 21.43%
BUNDI 12 8.33% 0.00% 0.00% 33.33% 16.67% 16.67% 33.33% 33.33% 25.00%
CHITTORGARH 10 10.00% 0.00% 0.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 10.00% 10.00%
CHURU 22 4.55% 31.82% 50.00% 9.09% 59.09% 40.91% 31.82% 63.64% 45.45%
DAUSA 19 5.26% 5.26% 42.11% 5.26% 0.00% 21.05% 15.79% 31.58% 26.32%
DHAULPUR 13 23.08% 15.38% 23.08% 38.46% 23.08% 30.77% 0.00% 30.77% 30.77%
DUNGARPUR 9 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 11.11% 0.00% 11.11% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Ganganagar 19 0.00% 5.26% 52.63% 15.79% 5.26% 10.53% 5.26% 10.53% 5.26%
Hanumangarh 13 15.38% 0.00% 53.85% 46.15% 15.38% 7.69% 38.46% 23.08% 23.08%
JAIPUR 37 0.00% 2.70% 24.32% 56.76% 10.81% 2.70% 16.22% 21.62% 2.70%
JAISALMER 32 9.38% 34.38% 50.00% 3.13% 28.13% 21.88% 53.13% 56.25% 25.00%
JALORE 10 10.00% 40.00% 30.00% 30.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 30.00%
JHALAWAR 23 17.39% 0.00% 0.00% 43.48% 52.17% 21.74% 4.35% 8.70% 47.83%
JHUNJHUNU 16 0.00% 0.00% 37.50% 12.50% 50.00% 0.00% 12.50% 18.75% 0.00%
JODHPUR 30 6.67% 13.33% 33.33% 6.67% 30.00% 23.33% 26.67% 26.67% 26.67%
KARAULI 15 6.67% 0.00% 13.33% 13.33% 20.00% 0.00% 6.67% 6.67% 6.67%
KOTA 15 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.67% 13.33% 0.00% 13.33% 6.67% 6.67%
NAGAUR 23 17.39% 26.09% 60.87% 8.70% 52.17% 30.43% 34.78% 52.17% 26.09%
PALI 19 5.26% 15.79% 42.11% 21.05% 21.05% 15.79% 5.26% 42.11% 15.79%
PRATAPGARH 9 0.00% 0.00% 22.22% 22.22% 11.11% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
RAJASMAND 21 19.05% 4.76% 23.81% 33.33% 28.57% 19.05% 14.29% 19.05% 33.33%
S. MADHOPUR 20 15.00% 5.00% 10.00% 35.00% 20.00% 25.00% 15.00% 15.00% 25.00%
SIKAR 18 5.56% 11.11% 27.78% 16.67% 11.11% 5.56% 11.11% 16.67% 11.11%
SIROHI 17 0.00% 11.76% 47.06% 23.53% 17.65% 11.76% 11.76% 11.76% 17.65%
TONK 15 13.33% 6.67% 40.00% 40.00% 26.67% 13.33% 20.00% 33.33% 13.33%
UDAIPUR 23 0.00% 0.00% 8.70% 39.13% 4.35% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.35%
684 7.60% 11.84% 29.97% 24.27% 20.61% 17.54% 17.69% 25.29% 20.76%
68
69
Table : 9.5a District wise minimum and maximum values pf various chemical constituents based on the chemical
andalysis of groundwater samples (NHS) For the year - 2012
No. of Total hardnes(as CO3 in

District pH EC in µS/cm CaCO3) in mg/l TDS in mg/l mg/l HCO3 in mg/l Cl in mg/l SO4 in mg/l
samples
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
AJMER 25 7.53 8.45 488 12520 114 1370 317.2 8138 0 36 134 1281 29 2968 10 958
ALWAR 30 7.05 8.31 500 12460 100 2030 325 8099 0 180 226 848 25 3128 8 1459
BANSWADA 15 7.38 7.94 630 1525 70 490 409.5 991.25 0 0 183 512 28 121 30 210
BARAN 17 7.02 7.68 660 3630 210 1200 429 2359.5 0 0 268 964 18 714 25 1120
BARMER 33 7.46 8.42 800 47000 139 2400 520 30550 0 120 24 1165 114 9298 13 8862
BHARTPUR 33 7.34 9 330 11950 120 2000 214.5 7767.5 0 144 116 933 18 3500 6 1535
BHILWADA 29 7.3 8.72 255 8500 80 1731 165.75 5525 0 60 104 884 20 2459 30 555
BIKANER 42 7 8.99 300 12670 70 2250 195 8235.5 0 60 49 1037 21 3700 26 622
BUNDI 12 7.45 8.43 1170 5470 200 1090 760.5 3555.5 0 42 244 1000 50 824 80 1289
H 10 7.79 8.2 700 4900 203 1750 455 3185 0 0 240 610 57 888 11 288
CHURU 22 7.31 8.8 932 16160 115 1680 605.8 10504 0 96 250 1153 100 4941 40 2150
DAUSA 19 7.96 8.48 679 4900 150 1350 441.35 3185 0 360 49 427 57 1456 12 694
DHAULPUR 13 7.79 8.64 590 10821 100 2050 383.5 7033.65 0 120 24 671 43 3625 26 284
DUNGARPUR 9 7.94 8.36 657 1700 240 600 427.05 1105 0 0 171 458 57 227 6 210
GANGANAGAR 19 7.28 8.74 330 10100 130 860 214.5 6565 0 84 90 769 7 2960 19 525
H 13 7.62 8.89 560 4420 90 1110 364 2873 0 48 140 1311 18 901 50 640
JAIPUR 37 7.64 8.8 620 7410 60 1270 403 4816.5 0 240 183 1208 21 1392 35 1945
JAISALMER 32 7.92 8.48 900 11600 180 1420 585 7540 0 120 61 537 57 3301 46 2138
JALORE 10 7.91 8.39 700 8054 100 1850 455 5235.1 0 120 146 427 57 1882 74 2168
JHALAWAD 23 7.03 8.1 460 3810 230 1311 299 2476.5 0 0 207 939 21 617 3 414
JHUNJHUNU 16 7.65 8.96 710 3980 80 530 461.5 2587 0 60 238 1043 39 756 65 480
JODHPUR 30 7.29 8.7 470 17770 150 1360 260 11505 0 192 28 2202 28 4880 16 994
KARAULI 15 7.2 8.28 480 4050 190 810 312 2632.5 0 0 140 1043 34 602 50 550
KOTA 15 7.48 8.3 400 3650 130 710 260 2372.5 0 0 135 693 15 730 6 696
NAGAUR 23 7.57 8.6 1075 16730 67 2332 698.75 10874.5 0 36 250 1226 64 3906 37 3654
PALI 19 7.27 8.29 560 6310 130 1110 364 4101.5 0 0 152 1409 71 1284 40 820
PRATAPGARH 9 7.4 8.4 590 1850 110 330 383.5 1202.5 0 12 55 335 100 400 5 245
RAJSAMAND 21 7.36 8.4 480 5850 140 1850 312 3802.5 0 0 213 760 50 1574 30 1100
MADHOPUR 20 7.45 8.53 830 6800 100 1250 539.5 4420 0 96 122 830 35 1917 25 880
SIKAR 18 7.63 8.9 450 5330 100 1410 292.5 3464.5 0 120 185 1169 28 1153 5 870
SIROHI 17 7.35 8.42 780 5250 210 1031 507 3412.5 0 12 171 590 30 1361 60 755
TONK 15 7.15 8 620 7560 130 1400 403 4914 0 0 281 900 28 1732 80 1090
UDAIPUR 23 7.4 8.75 660 2170 160 620 429 1410.5 0 48 120 659 53 326 30 230 70
Table : 9.5b District wise minimum and maximum values pf various chemical constituents based on the
chemical andalysis of groundwater samples (NHS) For the year - 2012
SiO2 in
District NO3 in mg/l Ca in mg/l Mg in mg/l Na in mg/l K in mg/l F in mg/l Fe in mg/l mg/l PO4 in mg/l
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
AJMER 1.7 374 9 320 19 192 29 2419 1.4 37 0.2 8.3 0.18 12 9.9 29.2 0.024 6.12
ALWAR 7 150 12 332 15 292 35 2492 0.08 15 0.125 4.09 0.02 6 6.2 41.3 0.01 0.56
BANSWADA 8.9 150 16 124 4.9 55.9 45 210 0.4 42 0.09 1.65 0 3.6 10 21 0 0.18
BARAN 5 158 32 268 12 165 21 493 1 70 0.3 1.42 0.02 6.9 11 32 0.03 3
BARMER 0.01 278 29 380 13 352 51 9280 1.3 516 0.1 6.5 0 9.45 10 44 0 2.025
BHARTPUR 3 145 8 500 19 421 20 2200 0.7 230 0.1 4.25 0.01 7 7.6 72 0.03 2.89
BHILWADA 2 200 12 300 9.7 319 12 1370 0 60 0.3 6.9 0.028 6.2 10 37 0 1.3
BIKANER 1.26 528 16 500 2.4 243 17 1928 0.1 102 0.145 3.115 0 9.42 10 27 0 0.084
BUNDI 0.68 350 28 276 24 141 92 1210 0.5 94 0.12 1.36 0.05 4.45 12 36.1 0 0
CHITTAURGARH 0.9 518 56 280 13 255 18 322 1.7 20.6 0.21 0.868 0.028 4.08 12 1815 0.01 0.4
CHURU 30 1100 28 210 8.5 281 78 4160 3 177 0.08 5 0.01 2.51 10 52 0.01 0.6
DAUSA 0.27 47.08 24 240 9.7 243 18 732 1 18.1 0.07 4.21 0.02 5.09 11 23 0.004 0.08
DHAULPUR 0 584 8 360 9.7 280 36.3 1572 0.3 779 0.027 1.83 0.06 4.91 11 22 0.003 0.09
DUNGARPUR 1.71 35.63 40 112 9.7 102 40 110 1.6 24.9 0.061 1.403 0.012 3.82 10 24 0.002 0.08
GANGANAGAR 1 140 12 124 12 134 20 1855 1 213 0.9 2.86 0.05 2.65 5 32 0.01 6.4
HANUMANGARH 7 278 24 277 7.3 102 20 829 8.5 227 0.3 6.5 0.001 5.8 8.7 31 0.06 3.2
JAIPUR 0.23 420 12 168 4.9 207 24 1550 0.8 29 0.1 4.2 0.06 12.5 8.7 31 0.02 0.17
JAISALMER 0.01 2472 36 280 19 214 44 2255 3.1 448.5 0.856 3.46 0.005 1.72 10 22 0.004 4.96
JALORE 0.08 200 16 360 15 231 20 1420 0.1 56.3 0.173 2.013 0.001 7.66 9.6 35.2 0.036 0.3
JHALAWAD 3.2 645 24 240 9.7 239 16 375 0.4 90 0.32 1.42 0.05 4.1 5 29 0.03 1.2
JHUNJHUNU 6 275 13 125 9.1 89.4 113 797 3 32 0.2 3.2 0 4.07 8.7 36 0 1.74
JODHPUR 8.58 650 21 283 10 193 19 3900 0.1 98 0.2 4 0 3.5 10 48 0 6.42
KARAULI 9 440 40 216 6.1 68.1 32 700 1 101 0.29 2.85 0.04 2.6 8 32 0.03 0.48
KOTA 5 125 28 192 15 94.8 12 608 1 61 0.12 0.95 0.1 6.2 7 37 0.02 0.95
NAGAUR 5 520 13 557 8.4 398 150 3320 4.4 58 0.9 8.6 0 4.32 7.2 46 0 0.72
PALI 3.26 230 3 265 24 182 60 1270 1.6 26 0.3 5.9 0 2.7 6.3 30 0 4
PRATAPGARH 7 127 20 120 2.4 60.8 58 347 3.4 21 0.3 1.9 0.05 2.9 8.1 36 0.05 1.2
RAJSAMAND 9 400 44 276 7.3 285 18 720 5 70 0.2 5 0.03 2.6 8.1 29 0 1.2
MADHOPUR 2.75 750 16 300 12 163 40 825 0.4 292 0.084 2.345 0 13.7 9.7 32 0 0.5
SIKAR 25 283 9 249 12 192 15 1037 3 98 0.3 3.2 0 3.92 7 38 0 0.3
SIROHI 2 400 15 139 15 166 60 914 1 8 0.23 3.2 0.05 2.5 7 30 0.02 3.1
TONK 5.4 300 20 248 12 190 59 1130 1.5 148 0.09 4.2 0.09 3.41 8 29.8 0 0.22
UDAIPUR 7 117 16 172 9.7 85.1 30 380 3.7 203 0.08 3.4 0.05 3 8.1 32 0 0.32 71
9.2 Chemical Quality of Ground Water
In general the quality of ground water is dependent upon many factors
like mineral composition of the water bearing formations, salinity ingress, all types of
pollution like industrial, agricultural and other sources. For the beneficial use of water
its purity is essential otherwise it may affect human health adversely. The quality of
water depends on its physical and chemical properties. Physical properties include
color, smell, transparency which can be determined by our senses. The chemical
properties depend on the nature & quantity of various chemical constituents
individually or jointly.
9.2.1.Total dissolved Solids ( TDS ) -

In drinking water total dissolved solids are made up primarily by inorganic salts with
small concentration of organic matter. Major contribution to TDS in water is the
natural contact with rocks and soils with minor contribution from pollution. In drinking
water if the TDS value exceeds 2000 mg/L, definite laxative effects are observed in
those not accustomed to such salinity.
Table- 9.2 shows that 11.40% of hydrograph stations monitored have TDS value
within desirable limit, 63.60% stations have values within maximum permissible limit
and rest 25.29% stations have TDS value beyond permissible limit of 2000 mg/l.
From Table- 9.3 it is evident that in Barmer, Churu, Jaisalmer, Jalore and Nagaur
districts high TDS values have been observed as more than 50 % stations while in
Bharatpur, Bundi, Dausa, Dhaulpur, Pali and Tonk districts 30 to 50 % of stations
have TDS values beyond permissible limit. The minimum value of TDS in the state
has been found at Salawatia ( Bhilwada) as 165.75 mg/L and maximum value as
30550 mg/l at Bisukalan of Barmer district.
9.2.2.Electrical conductivity (EC) -

Electrical Conductance is the ability of a substance to conduct an electric
current. Chemically pure water in liquid form has a very low conductance. The
presence of dissociated ions in solution, however renders the solution conductive.
Therefore, E.C. of a solution gives an idea about the quantity of ions or dissolved
solids present in it.
72
About 34% (1,18213 sq km, Fig. 9.1) of area of Rajasthan falling in the electrical
conductivity more than 3000 µS/cm. The EC ranges from 255 to 47,000 µS/cm
(Fig.9.2). Maximum part to the state (43%) observed electrical conductivity within
2000 µS/cm. Most of the Western and Central parts of the state experienced the
electrical conductivity more than 3000 µS/cm. Small isolated patches of electrical
conductivity less than 1000 µS/cm are scattered in whole State. Electrical
conductivity more than 10000 µS/cm is found mostly in Central and Western part of
the State.
9.2.3 Chloride (Cl) -

It is one of the most common constituent present in natural water and remains
soluble in water unaffected by biological processes therefore reducible by dilution.
Sea water intrusion and natural mineral origin can also be a cause of high chloride
content. Industrial effluents ( galvanizing plants, water softening plants, oil wells,
refineries and paper works) may also leach into ground water. Sewage effluents
contain a larger concentration of Chlorides.
Chloride ions have some functions in the body. The tolerance limits of chloride vary
with climate and excretion. It is the cation associated with chloride that has usually
harmful effects on human body. Individual affected by heart and kidney disease
should restrict water consumption with a high chloride concentration.
In perusal of map (Fig 9.3) reveal that most of the South- eastern half of the State
observed Chloride less than 250 mg/l. Chloride more than 2000 mg/l are shown in
isolated patches scattered mostly in Central and Western parts of the State. Area
covered (Fig.9.1) by Chloride value more than 1000 g/l is 14%(45613 sq km) and
less than 250 mg/l is 37% (131145 sq km) in the State. Out of 684 water samples
analysed only 11.84% have chloride value beyond permissible limit of 1000 mg/L and
rest 53.07% and 35.09% samples have values within desirable and maximum
permissible limit ( Table – 9.2) respectively. More than 30% of stations recorded Cl
beyond permissible limit of 1000mg/l in the districts of Barmer, Churu, Jaisalmer and
Jalore. In the districts of Banswara, Baran, Bundi, Chittourgarh, Dungarpur,
Hanumangarh, Jhalawar, Jhunjhunu, Karauli, Kota, Pratapgarh and Udaipur have no
73
74
station recorded chloride value beyond permissible limit of 1000 mg/l ( Table –9.3 )
The maximum value of chloride in the state as 9298 mg/l has been found at Bishu
Kalan of Barmer district and minimum value as 7 mg/l has been found at Piperan in
the districts of Ganganagar.
9.2.4. Sulphate ( SO4 ) -

Sulphate are found in natural water in the final oxidized state of sulphates, Sulphide
and thiosulphates or in the oxidized state of organic matter in the sulphur cycle. In all
cases as a product of pollutional sources related to mining or industrial wase.
Detergent add Sulphate to sewarage. Tanneries, steel mills, textile plants may also
contaminate water. Sulphate ions when associated with high concentration of
Magnesium and Sodium ions act as laxative and may cause gastic disorders.
Table- 9.2 shows that 61.55% of stations have sulphate value within desirable limit.
Only 20.76% stations have sulphate value within maximum permissible limit. Rest
17.69% of stations have Sulphate value beyond permissible limit of 400 mg/l. 40%
and more stations recorded Sulphate beyond permissible limit of 400 mg/l in the
districts of Jaisalmer and Jalore. In the districts of Banswara, Chittourgarh, Dhaulpur,
Dungarpur, Pratapgarh and Udaipur have no station recorded Sulphate value
beyond permissible limit of 400 mg/l ( Table –9.3 )
The minimum and maximum values of sulphate in the state are as follows-
Minimum – 3 mg/l at Jhiri of Jhalawar district, Maximum – 8862 mg/l at

Bishukalan of Barmer district.
9.2.5. Nitrate ( NO3) -

Sources of Nitrate are mineral deposits (sodium and potassium nitrates) , soils, sea
water and atmosphere. Nitrate is used as a fertilizer, as a food preservative and as
an oxidizing agent in the chemical industries . Higher concentrations are expected
where fertilizers are used, in decayed animals and vegetable matter, in leaches from
sludge and refuge disposal and in industrial discharges.
Higher concentration of nitrate causes mathaemoglobinaemia disease in bottle fed

infants ( 3 months old ). Gastrointestinal disorders are also found. It may also have
adverse effect on central nervous and cardio vascular system.
75
Churu, Jhalawad and Nagaur districts are much affected with nitrate concentration
as more than 10 no. of stations have nitrate values beyond permissible limit ( Fig. 9.4
and Table- 9.4 ). Around 58.33% of stations have nitrate values within desirable limit
& 21.20% of stations are within maximum permissible limit & rest 20.61% stations
have value beyond permissible limit in the State( Table – 9.2 ).
More than 30% of stations have recorded Nitrate concentration beyond permissible
limit in the districts of Barmer, Churu, Jaisalmer, Jhalawar Jhunjhunu and Nagaur.
The maximum value of nitrate in Rajasthan has been observed as 2472 mg/L in
Jaisamer district.
9.2.6.Fluoride (F)-
Fluoride is as inherent component of igneous rocks. The main sources of fluoride in
natural water are fluorite ( CaF2 ) ,Cryolite( Na2AlF2), Fluorapatite. In minerals like
mica, amphilaiboles and topaz etc, the fluoride ions are bound on the mineral
surfaces. Food in the diet is the major source of fluoride. Tea contain
high fluoride concentration.
Fluoride reduces dental carries, very high concentration may cause crippling skeletal
fluorosis in human body. Less than 1.0 mg/L is essential.
Occurrence of high fluoride in the ground water of Rajasthan is a great concern as

29.97% of 684 ground water samples collected for chemical analysis occupied 32%
(111045 sq. km) area shows fluoride value beyond maximum permissible limit of 1.5
mg/L (Fig. 9.1, Fig. 9.5 and Table 9.2). Around 53.64% and 16.52% of stations are
within desirable and maximum permissible limit respectively. The districts of
Bhilwara, Churu, Dausa, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Jaisalmer, Nagaur, Pali Sirohi
and Tonk are worst affected districts with fluoride contamination where more than
40% of stations have fluoride value greater than 1.5 mg/L. Min. 0.027mg/l fluoride
has been observed at Sikronda of Daulpur district and the maximum value of 8.60
mg/L has been observed at Kitalsar of Nagaur district.
76
77
9.2.7 Total Hardness -
It is primarily determined by sum of calcium and magnesium ions expressed as
calcium carbonate. Other substances such as iron, manganese, aluminium,
strontium, zinc may also contribute to a very small extent due to low solubility.
An inverse correlation between hardness of water & cardiovascular diseases

(heart, hypertension and stroke) has been shown. High values may cause
calcification of arteries, urinary concretions and stomach disorder.
Table- 9.2 shows that 42.25% of stations are within desirable limit of 300 mg/ l. Only
20.76 % of stations have value beyond permissible limit of 600 mg/L.
Churu and Jhalawad are worst affected districts where more than 40% stations have
Total Hardness value beyond permissible limit. In Banswara, Dungarpur, Jhunjhunu
and Pratapgarh districts have no sample where Total Hardness value beyond
permissible limit.
The minimum value of hardness as 60 mg/L has been found at Bassi of Jaipur
district. The maximum value has been observed as 2400 mg/L at Bishukalan of
Barmer district.
9.2.8 Calcium (Ca) –

It is always found in combination in limestone, marble and chalk. Its most common
compounds are limestone, gypsum, fluorite; also calcium carbide, chloride,
hypochlorite.
Calcium is essential for human body. Its low content in soft water has been
linked with rickets & defective teeth. Its excess may cause stones in kidney or
bladder. Gout, Rheumatism etc. are also linked with its high concentration.
There is no cause of concern about the calcium hazard as only 7.60% of

stations are beyond the permissible limit of 200 mg/L ( Table - 9.2). The districts of
Banswada, Dungarpur, Ganganagar, Jaipur, Jhunjhunu, kota, pratapgarh, Sirohi and
Udaipur do not have calcium value beyond permissible limit.
The minimum value of calcium has been observed as 3.0 mg/L at Pali in Pali
district. The maximum value as 557 mg/L has been found at Barani in Nagaur district.
78
9.2.9 Magnesium ( Mg ) -
It is never found as a free element. It constitutes a large deposit as magnesite &
common rock forming dolomite.
The presence of magnesium is beneficial for heart & nervous system.

However higher concentrations have laxative and diuretic effect.
Only 17.54% of stations have magnesium value beyond permissible

limit of 100 mg/L & rest are within desirable (30.70%) and maximum permissible
limits (52.19%). No station found in the district of Banswara, Karauli, Kota,
Pratapgarg and Udaipur have magnesium value beyond permissible limit. In Churu
40.91% of the sample have Mg value beyond permissible limit. The minimum
value of Mg as 2.43 mg/L has been found at Malkisar Bikaner district) and at Mahada
(Pratapgarh dist.) and maximum value 420.79 mg/L at Nigohi of Bharatpur district.
9.2.10 Iron (Fe) -

Common ores of iron are Hamatite, Magnetite, Limonite, Diderate and
Pyrite. Leaching of iron salts (acid mine drainage) & iron products industrial waste
may be a pollutional source.
Iron is an essential element in human nutrion. Excess of iron may cause

bitter sweet astringent taste to water.
Out of 684 water samples analysed 24.27% of samples have iron value
beyond the permissible limit of 1.0 mg/L & 53.36% samples are within desirable limit
of 0.3 mg/L and rest 22.37% are within maximum permissible limit (0.31to 1.0 mg/L).
In the districts of Ajmer, Baran, Hanumangarh, Jaipur, Jhalawad and Tonk 40%
stations have recorded much iron contamination in ground water.
Minimum value of iron as 0.0 mg/L has been observed at various districts of
Banswara, Barmer, Bikaner, Jhunjhunu, Jodhpur, Nagaur, Pali, S. Madhopur and
Sikar and maximum value of 13.7 mg/L at Khandar of S. Madhopur district.
79
80

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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK

REGIONAL OFFICE DATA CENTRE

Dr. A.K.Jain, Sc ‘C’

REGIONAL OFFICE DATA CENTRE

Under present scenario, there is immense need to adopt water conservation

In the preparation of this valuable document, the efforts made by Dr A K

GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK 2012-13

8. GROUND WATER SCENARIO 24

1. Central Ground Water Board has set up a network of 1,206 stations

3. Major part of the recharge to ground water in the entire State is

5. Rajasthan State has an area of 3,42,239 Sq.Km. The density of

6. The normal annual rainfall of Rajasthan is 541 mm. However, during

7. Rajasthan receives much lower rainfall compared to the other parts of

The summarized details are given in the following table :

9. The analysis of water level data brings out the following:

Comparison of water level fluctuation

14. The manner of deposition of geological formations and arid climatic

15. Districts of Bhilwara, Churu, Dausa, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh,

16. During 2012-13 a Workshop on “Groundwater Scenario of Jaipur

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. There is progressive increase in ground water draft due to increasing

3. Artificial recharge of ground water by arresting storm water run-off during

a: In areas where the situations of over-draft are manifested in

b: In areas where depth to water in May is more than 10 metres,

d: Concurrent with the above measures should proceed the work

e: Under the programme of artificial recharge Studies, CGWB has also

5. To reduce dependance of ground water, measures aimed at affecting

7. Instances of growing levels of nitrates in ground water are noticed due to

8. Disposal of solid wastes in natural or man-made depressions without

9. Impact of the release of industrial wastes in an unsystematic manner and

10. Since ground water abstraction structures are individually owned,

12. Ground water development is a ‘People’s programme’. Therefore,

13. The National Hydrograph Monitoring Network was designed by CGWB

15. A holistic and integrated approach in relation to ground water

at which periodic monitoring of ground

Table 1: AREA OF DISTRICT AND NUMBER OF NHS AS ON 31.3.2013

(a) Aravalli hill ranges

(d) Vindhyan Scarpland and Deccan Lava Plateau

2.1.1 Aravalli Hill Ranges

2.1.4 Vindhyan Scarpland and Deccan Lava Plateau

Table 2: DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY OF NHS IN RIVER BASINS

Area in sq. Area % NHS No. NHS % Density in

The India Meteorological Department has further sub-divided the cold

These seasonal variations have been broadly based on temperature and

AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL & DEPARTURES

January is the coldest month.The normal minimum temperature for the

Vindhyans: Vindhyans unconformably overlie Delhis and have been deposited in

Intrusives and extrusives: Nepheline syenites are exposed around

GEOLOGICAL TIME UNIT LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC LITHOLOGY

The principal source of recharge to ground water in Rajasthan is rainfall. In

For broadly grouping geological formations from ground water occurrence

Aquifers with primary intergranular

Aquifers with secondary

The semi-consolidated formations belonging to Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and

Consolidated sedimentary rocks, excluding carbonate rocks, include

6.0 GROUND WATER REGIME MONITORING

6.1 Distribution of the National Hydrograph Stations:

A total of 1206 stations were monitored in the entire state. Arrangements