ARC225 - MoI - WK 8

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ARC225
Raising a new Generation of Leaders
WEEK SEVEN
MOMENT OF INERTIA
(SECOND MOMENT OF AREA)
Course Facilitators:
DR. O. O. OLAGUNJU
ARC. U. K. UGAH
MAY 2024
CROSS-SECTIONAL
PROPERTIES
- Centre Of Gravity
- Centroid of shapes
- Moment of Inertia
(Second Moment of Area)
- Parallel Axis Theorem
- Section Modulus
- Radius of gyration
2
Stress Distribution In Beams
- A structural member is identified by its
behavior when it is subjected to load. A
vertical member could structurally serve as
a bar or a column based on how they
carry/transmit load.
- A beam is a structural member that is

subjected to transverse load, and resists
load by bending and shear
- A simple-supported beam subjected to positive Stress Distribution In Beams
bending undergoes compression stress at the top
and tensile stress at the bottom.
- The compression stress reduces as it approaches
the middle of the cross-section of the beam,
which is the Neutral Axis (NA) where the stress
is zero (0).
- From the NA, the tensile stress develops down-
ward until it reaches its maximum value at the
base of the beam.
- The NA is the point on the section of a beam
which neither undergoes tension or compression
The stress at the Neutral Axis is always zero

Stress Distribution In Beams
The stress at the Neutral Axis is always zero

Steel Cross-Sections
Basic Steel Sections

T-Beam: It has a (top) flange that helps to
resist tensile stresses, and a web (middle) that
helps to resist shear stress. Resistance to
tensile stresses are minimal at the bottom of
the beam. It could be used in an inverted
form (for a floor slab or bridge decking)
L-angle: Used for decking to create a leveled

surface for a foundation or floor.
Hollow Structural Section (HSS): Could be

square, rectangular or circular
Angle Section: They are L-section steel that

could either be equal angle or unequal angle
section.
H-Beam: Sometimes called W-section; it has wider
flanges and no tapered edges, with uniform
section.
I-Beam: Aka Standard Section; it has higher cross-

section and tapered edges compared to the H-
beam. The flanges resist most of the bending
moment and tensile stresses.
Channel: It has a C- and Z-section; Not used

individually as a beam or column. Used as roof
purlins, suspended ceilings or floor and wall frames.
Bars: Rectangular, circular or square solid bars.
Plates: Flat metal steel sections.
Lattice-Shaped Sections: Combination of two more

steel sections for more structural rigidity.
- The Moment of Inertia (MoI) measures the MOMENT OF INERTIA
effect of the cross-sectional shape of a beam
on its ability to resist bending stress and
deflection
- It quantifies the resistance of a member to

bending about a particular axis (usually the
centroidal axis)
- High MoI implies that the cross-sectional form

would be able to withstand a high bending
stress; the beam possess a higher bending stress
- Some cross section are more efficient in

resisting bending than others MoI measures the cross-sectional stiffness of a
structural element, while the Modulus of Elasticity
- MoI is an important parameter in the analysis measures the material stiffness.
of beams and columns.
MoI on Centroidal axis
A OR B
Which of the timber beams shown above (50x 150mm) would be able to sustain more
gravity load?
The further the material spread from its NA (aka
bending axis), the stiffer the cross section tends to be.
MoI (Simple Areas)
MoI reflects how the area of a cross-section is
distributed relative to a particular axis (the NA).
The I-beam locates most of its area far from the NA,
that is why it’s very effective and commonly used in
construction.
Few equations for different cross-sectional areas are

provided for centroidal axes, which is usually assumed
as the Neutral Axis.
MoI (Composite Area)
- The Moment of Inertia (MoI) measures the
effect of the cross-sectional shape of a beam on
its ability to resist bending stress and deflection
QUESTIONS AND
COMMENTS!!!

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www.covenantuniversity.edu.

- A beam is a structural member that is

The stress at the Neutral Axis is always zero

The stress at the Neutral Axis is always zero

Basic Steel Sections

L-angle: Used for decking to create a leveled

Hollow Structural Section (HSS): Could be

Angle Section: They are L-section steel that

I-Beam: Aka Standard Section; it has higher cross-

Channel: It has a C- and Z-section; Not used

Bars: Rectangular, circular or square solid bars.

Plates: Flat metal steel sections.

Lattice-Shaped Sections: Combination of two more

- It quantifies the resistance of a member to

- High MoI implies that the cross-sectional form

- Some cross section are more efficient in

Few equations for different cross-sectional areas are

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