“The Relationship between Excessive Mobile Phone Usage and the Level of Increased Risk

of Digital Eye Strain among the Students in Colegio de Sebastian – Pampanga”

By:
Adrienne Q. Yabut
Sharlene M. Datu
Laurice Avery S. Libiran
Gabriel Joy V. Manuel
Josh Danielle O. Miranda

Leo A. Capulong, MAEd, CSPE

Teacher

May 2023
“The Relationship between Excessive Mobile Phone Usage and the Level of Increased Risk
of Digital Eye Strain among the Students in Colegio de Sebastian – Pampanga”

By: Adrienne Q. Yabut

Sharlene M. Datu
Laurice Avery S. Libiran
Gabriel Joy V. Manuel
Josh Danielle O. Miranda

This research was an attempt to determine the relationship between the excessive usage
of mobile phone and the level of increased risk of digital eye strain among the students in
Colegio de Sebastian – Pampanga.

Specifically, this research sought answers to the following problems:

1. What is the profile of students in Colegio de Sebastian – Pampanga based on: age,
sex, year level, and strand or course?
2. Does excessive mobile phone usage can cause students to experience symptoms of
Digital Eye Strain?
3. Is there a significant relationship between excessive usage of mobile phones and the
increased risk of Digital Eye Strain?

The researchers collected the data using three separate scale questionnaires derived from
the Demographic Profile of the respondents, the Cell-Phone Over-Use Scale (COS) from the
study of Janaro, et al., and the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire CVS-Q by Segui, et al.
These were distributed among the respondents after briefing them regarding the purpose and aim
of the research and how to fill up the scale questionnaire. COS by Janaro et al., which consists of
11 questions, will be used to assess excessive mobile phone usage of the students. The answers
will be in 5-point Likert Scale (from “Never” to “Always”). To assess the increased risk of
Digital Eye Strain, CVS-Q by Segui, et al., will be used. The CVS-Q consists of 16 questions
and the answers for the scale questionnaires will be in 5-point Likert Scale (from “Never” to
“Always of severe intensity”). The survey questionnaires were answered by the students in
Colegio de Sebastian – Pampanga.

The findings of the research were as follows:

1. Based on the results of the study, the average age of the respondents is eighteen years
old. Out of one hundred and fifty students, forty-one (27.4%) are minors, while one
hundred nine (72.6%) are legal age. Eighty-two (54.67%) of the students are female,
on the other hand, sixty-eight (45.33%) are male. The scale questionnaires were
answered by Senior High School Department and College Departments. In the Senior
High School Department, twenty-nine (19.33%) of the respondents are Grade 11,
while seventy-one (47.33%) are Grade 12. In the College Departments, twenty-four
(16%) are in their 1st year, fourteen (9.33%) are in 2nd year, nine (6%), are in their 3rd
year, lastly, three (2%) are in their 4th year. Fifty-two (34.67%) students are in
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics strand, twenty-five (16.67%)
students are in Accountancy and Business Management, and fifteen (10%) students
are in Humanities and Social Sciences, while eight (5.33%) students are in General
Academic Strand. One (0.67%) of the students are in School of Tourism and
Hospitality Management, nineteen (12.67%) students are in School of Business
Administration and Accountancy, fifteen (10%) students are in School of Criminal
Justice Education, five (3.33%) students are in School of Engineering, lastly, ten
(6.66%) are in School of Psychology.

2. Based on the results of the study, the students in Colegio de Sebastian – Pampanga
occasionally experience burning, itching, foreign body sensation, watering/tearing,
excessive blinking, and redness in their eyes respectively. The students both in the
minor and legal age group occasionally (42.7) experience pain in their eyes of
moderate intensity. Students also occasionally (34.7) experience heaviness in their
eyes of moderate intensity. Students occasionally (40.7) experience a feeling of
dryness in their eyes of moderate intensity. Students occasionally (32.7) experience
blurring of visions and occasionally (34) experience double vision of moderate
 intensity. Students occasionally (41.3) experience difficulty in focusing near and
occasionally (36.7) experience halos around objects of moderate intensity . Students
also occasionally (37.3) experience sensitivity to light and occasionally (33.3)
complained about a headache of moderate intensity. Lastly, students in Colegio de
Sebastian – Pampanga occasionally (38.7) have thought that there is worsening in
their eye sight of moderate intensity.

3. Based on the results of the study, the students in Colegio de Sebastian – Pampanga
(46.7) felt preoccupied about possible calls or messages on the mobile phone and they
thought about their mobile phone when their device is off. The respondents
sometimes (29.3) anticipated their next use of the mobile phone, sometimes (32.7)
they felt the need to invest more and more time using the mobile phone to feel
satisfied. The students sometimes (34.7) tried to reduce the importance of the time
spent using the phone, even though it had been through many hours, sometimes (34)
they restricted their time of using the mobile phone due to a previous overuse. The
students sometimes (25.3) tried not to use the mobile phone but they failed; they
sometimes (34) get angry if someone tried to interrupt them when they were using
their mobile phone. The students in the minor age sometimes (24.7) used mobile
phone to escape from their problems, while students in legal age always (24.7) used
their mobile phone to escape from their problems. The students both in the minor and
legal age sometimes (26) lied to their relatives and friends regarding the frequency
and duration of their mobile phone use. The students sometimes (27.3) risked an
important relation, job, academic opportunity, or a career development opportunity
due to the overuse of their mobile phone. Lastly, the students sometimes (36)
refrained from going out with their friends in order to spend more time using the
mobile phone.

Conclusions
Based from the findings of the research, the following conclusions were drawn:
 1. Majority of the respondents who participated in the study are of legal age, considering
that Colegio de Sebastian – Pampanga only offers Senior High School and College
Programs. The average age of the respondents is eighteen years old and most of
respondents are from the Senior High School Department.

2. The excessive usage of mobile phone can cause students to experience symptoms of
Digital Eye Strain. Majority of the respondents have occasionally experienced
different symptoms of Digital Eye Strain such as burning, itching, foreign body
sensation, watering/tearing, excessive blinking, redness, pain, heaviness, feeling of
dryness, blurring of visions, and double vision in their eyes of moderate intensity. The
students also experienced difficulty in focusing near, experienced halos around
objects and increased sensitivity to light. Lastly, the students complained about a
headache and worsening in their eyesight.

3. There was a significant relationship between the excessive usage of mobile phones
and the increased risk of Digital Eye Strain. Although the data had shown adjectival
rating of occasionally to moderate intensity (20), the students in Colegio de Sebastian
– Pampanga are still exposed to the risks of Digital Eye Strain, considering that the
school uses technological devices, specifically mobile phones in their programs.

Based on the findings of the research, the following recommendations were drawn:

1. The overuse of mobile phones may bring visual harm to an individual, to counter the
symptoms that can occur, students must set boundaries on the usage of their mobile
phones and improve their discipline in doing so. Develop a time rule: students should
have a time limit for using mobile phones. Students can also have other things to do
in alternative to using mobile phones, such as reading and board games. Overuse of
mobile phones can be easily controlled by discipline which the students must adapt to
build themselves physically and mentally without damaging their eyesight.
Furthermore, there are more fun activities that can be done outdoor and indoor to
lessen the focus of students on their mobile phones.
2. For the teachers and professors of the Colegio de Sebastian – Pampanga, the teachers
and professors must engage their students in other alternative activities that they can
do during the time of class to divert the attention of their students rather than using
their phones in the classroom. It includes reading books, completing puzzles, playing
board games or doing other activities that can stimulate the mind. Teachers must
educate students on how to make the most of their mobile device time. To prevent
students from using their phones excessively, they must also place restrictions on
their use of the devices in class. Teachers can also structure their lessons to promote
active learning, which can greatly help students to stay focused and lessen their usage
of mobile phones. This can involve group activities, discussions, and hands-on
projects that require students to interact with one another.
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ADRIENNE Q. YABUT
BACOLOR, PAMPANGA, PHILIPPINES 2001
KNOXVILLE STREET, SOLANA HOMES, SAN ISIDRO
MOBILE PHONE - +639602024749
9602024749
EMAIL – yabut.adrienneq@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To make a great impact in the institution of Colegio de Sebastian – Pampanga Inc. and contribute
to its development and growth. To lead and to be able to inspire my peers and share valuable
skills and knowledge among them.

SKILLS

 Highly Trustworthy and Ethical

 Leadership, Open-mindedness
mindedness and a Critical Thinker
 Dedicated and Hardworking.

WORK EXPERIENCE

 On-the-job
job training: City Health Office - Rural Health Unit IV (April 2023)

EDUCATION

 Colegio De Sebastian - Pampanga Inc. Year(s) Attended: 2021 – Present

 Pampanga High School Year(s) Attended: 2017
2017-2021 (Junior High School Completer)
 San Fernando Elementary School Year(s) Attended 2011
2011-2017
2017 (Elementary Completer)

AWARDS

 With Honors from Infant Jesus Academy S.Y. (2017 – 2020)

 With Honors from Pampanga High School S.Y. (2020 – 2021)
 With Honors from Colegio
egio De Sebastian – Pampanga Inc. S.Y. (2021 – Present)
 CDS SHS Student Council Vice President Internal (2021 – 2022) and President (2022-
(2022
2023)
REFERENCE

Joyce Ann Pineda Teacher at Colegio De Sebastian - Pampanga Inc.

EMAIL - jrpineda@cds.edu.ph
MOBILE PHONE - +639550490222
SHARLENE M. DATU
SAN FERNANDO CITY, PAMPANGA, PHILIPPINES 2000
#12 PASBUL STREET, ZONE #6, BRGY. SAGUIN
MOBILE PHONE - +639399540254
EMAIL – sharlene.datu19@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To apply the knowledge and skills I learned in school, as well as to learn new ones for my own
development that may be valuable.

SKILLS

 Have communication skills to listen and consider other people's perspectives.

 Have a good understanding of instructions and ability to prioritize tasks.
 Flexibility, including the capacity to quickly adapt to new environments.

WORK EXPERIENCE

 On-the-Job
Job Training on Padang Construction Supplies and Corporation St. Jude Road,
Villa Corazon, San Agustin, City of San Fernando, Pampanga. (April 2023)

EDUCATION

 Colegio De Sebastian - Pampanga Inc. Year(s) Attended: 2021 – Present

 Sindalan High School Year(s) Attended: 2017
2017-2021
2021 (Junior High School Completer)
 Saguin Integrated School Year(s) Attended 2010-2016
2016 (Elementary Completer)

AWARDS

 With Honors from Sindalan High School S.Y. (2018 – 2021)

 With Honors from Colegio De Sebastian – Pampanga Inc. S.Y. (2021- Present)
 Grade 4 (10th Rank), Grade 5 (5th Rank), and Grade 6 (7th Rank)
REFERENCE

Joyce Ann Pineda Teacher at Colegio De Sebastian - Pampanga Inc.

EMAIL - jrpineda@cds.edu.ph
MOBILE PHONE - +639550490222
LAURICE AVERY S. LIBIRAN
SAN FERNANDO CITY, PAMPANGA, PHILIPPINES 2000
SAN ISIDRO, PILAR VILLAGE, VIOLETA STREET
MOBILE PHONE - +6309081995065
EMAIL – avery.libiran20@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

A Grade 12 student seeking training related to my chosen track. Also, to be beneficial to the
Organization, gain experience in which I can contribute my skills and abilities to use.

SKILLS

 Basic computer literacy skills and organizational skills

 Strategic planning and time-management skills
 Verbal and written communication skills

WORK EXPERIENCE

 Barista at Nak Nam Fucha, Milk Tea Shop (2020-2021)

 On-the-Job Training on SF Allied Industrial Products (April 2023)
EDUCATION

 Colegio De Sebastian - Pampanga Inc. Year(s) Attended: 2021 – Present

 Sindalan High School Year(s) Attended: 2020-2021 (Junior High School Completer)
 St. Anne’s Catholic School Inc. Year(s) Attended 2017-2019 (Elementary Completer)

AWARDS

 With Honors from Sindalan High School S.Y. (2020 – 2021)

 With Honors from St. Anne’s Catholic School S.Y. (2016-2017)
 With Honors from Colegio De Sebastian – Pampanga Inc. (1 st Sem, S.Y 2021)
REFERENCE

Joyce Ann Pineda Teacher at Colegio De Sebastian - Pampanga Inc.

EMAIL - jrpineda@cds.edu.ph
MOBILE PHONE - +639550490222
GABRIEL JOY V. MANUEL
SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA, PHILIPPINES 2000
BLK 6, LOT 14, AURORA HEIGHTS, BRGY. SAN AGUSTIN
MOBILE PHONE - +639390649841
EMAIL – gabrielm4nu3l@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To be able to utilize my skills and knowledge, to be of good help to the company and to bring
change to the world.

SKILLS

 Comprehensive and Active Listener

 Computer literate (Excel, Word, Photo/video editing, etc.)
 Good in oral and written communication

WORK EXPERIENCE

 On-the-Job Training: Padang Construction Supplies and Corporation St. Jude Road, Villa
Corazon, San Agustin, City of San Fernando, Pampanga. (April 2023)

EDUCATION

 Colegio De Sebastian - Pampanga Inc. Year(s) Attended: 2021 – Present

 Sindalan High School Year(s) Attended: 2017-2021 (Junior High School Completer)
 Sabang Elementary School Year(s) Attended 2010-2016 (Elementary Completer)

AWARDS

 With Honors from Colegio De Sebastian – Pampanga Inc. S.Y. (2021 – Present)
 With Honors in Grade 9 and 10.
REFERENCE

Joyce Ann Pineda Teacher at Colegio De Sebastian - Pampanga Inc.

EMAIL - jrpineda@cds.edu.ph
MOBILE PHONE - +639550490222
JOSH DANIELLE O. MIRANDA
BACOLOR, PAMPANGA, PHILIPPINES 2001
SITIO CALDERA, SAN ISIDRO
MOBILE PHONE - +639274229146
EMAIL – joshdaniellemiranda@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To perceive a career that will utilize my skills and knowledge throughout the organization and
showcase my abilities that benefit future opportunities.

SKILLS

 Programming Websites
 Consistent Work Ethics
 Good in Communication and Competitive.

WORK EXPERIENCE

 On-the-Job Training: City College City of San Fernando, Pampanga. (April 2023)

EDUCATION

 Colegio De Sebastian - Pampanga Inc. Year(s) Attended: 2021 – Present

 Infant Jesus Academy Year(s) Attended: 2017-2021 (Junior High School Completer)
 Infant Jesus Academy Year(s) Attended 2010-2016 (Elementary Completer)

AWARDS

 With High Honors from Infant Jesus Academy S.Y. (2020 – 2021)
 With Honors from Colegio De Sebastian – Pampanga Inc. S.Y. (2021 – Present)
REFERENCE

Joyce Ann Pineda Teacher at Colegio De Sebastian - Pampanga Inc.

EMAIL - jrpineda@cds.edu.ph
MOBILE PHONE - +639550490222