1& 13 Emerging

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There is no universal definition of IoT yet and no one can see everything that the Internet of
Things will effectively mean on the longer term. One IoT definition would be that it’s
certainly an umbrella term for a broad range of technologies, applications and use cases.
The Internet Architecture Board (IAB):The term “Internet of Things” (IoT) denotes a trend where a
large number of embedded devices employ communication services offered by the Internet
protocols. Many of these devices, often called “smart objects,’’ are not directly operated by humans,
but exist as components in buildings or vehicles, or are spread out in the environment.
The IEEE:A network of items — each embedded with sensors — which are connected to the
Internet.
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF):The basic idea is that IoT will connect objects around us
(electronic, electrical, non electrical) to provide seamless communication and contextual services
provided by them.
According to the Oxford Dictionary, IoT is: “the interconnection via the
Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to
send and receive data”.
The term Internet of Things (IoT) according to the 2020 conceptual framework is expressed
through a simple formula such as:
IoT= Services+ Data+ Networks + Sensors
Generally, The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or "things"
embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables
these objects to collect and exchange data.It describes the network of physical objects
—“things”—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the
purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the
internet.
Features of IoT
1. Connectivity: This doesn’t need too much further explanation. With everything going
on in IoT devices and hardware, with sensors and other electronics and connected
hardware and control systems there needs to be a connection between various
levels.
2. Things: Anything that can be tagged or connected as such as it’s designed to be
connected. From sensors and household appliances to tagged livestock. Devices can
contain sensors or sensing materials can be attached to devices and items.
3. Data: Data is the glue of the Internet of Things, the first step towards action and
intelligence.
4. Communication: Devices get connected so they can communicate data and this data
can be analyzed. Communication can occur over short distances or over a long range
to very long range. Examples: Wi-Fi, LPWA network technologies such as LoRa or NB-
IoT.
5. Intelligence: The aspect of intelligence as in the sensing capabilities in IoT devices
and the intelligence gathered from big data analytics (also artificial intelligence).
6. Action: The consequence of intelligence. This can be manual action, action based
upon debates regarding phenomena (for instance in smart factory decisions) and
automation, often the most important piece.
7. Ecosystem: The place of the Internet of Things from a perspective of other
technologies, communities, goals and the picture in which the Internet of Things fits.
The Internet of Everything dimension, the platform dimension and the need for solid
partnerships.
Role of IoT in everyday life and organizations
In everyday life: Iot assists the day to day lives of humans starting from smart homes:
Dishwashers, refrigerators, smart TVs, smart watches, cars and trucks, heating and cooling
systems, fitness machines and trackers, smart cars etc.
In organizations: The mountains of data from these connected devices and IoT sensors can
provide the analytics professionals, technicians and managers in your organization with the
actionable insights they need to help improve asset management tracking, increase digital
security and improve productivity through thoughtful deployment of AI, automation and
enhanced predictive maintenance capabilities. Measurable benefits include: higher return
on investment than traditional, slow-moving operations, maximized growth, lower costs,
improved responsiveness to customers, increased energy efficiency, improved product
quality etc.
13. Risks faced in AR:

1. Information Overload: The advent of the internet followed by the introduction of social
media has led to the exponential growth in the generation and sharing of information.
2. Perception Impairment: While AR glasses are a key component of the technology, it is
also most prone to compromising people’s safety.
3. Distraction: Employees newly equipped with the technology might find AR to be more of
a distraction and a hindrance, than the enabler it purports to be.
4. Privacy: may not be ideal for ensuring personal privacy, which will definitely be affected
when AR gains mass adoption.
5. Security : vulnerable to security threats and unauthorized access by hacker
attacks and malware. These attacks can lead to a denial of service or overlay
wrong information, leading to severe, potentially catastrophic consequences.
Risks in AI
1. A lack of transparency: many AI systems were built with so-called neural networks serving as
the engine; these are complex interconnected node systems. However, these systems are
less capable of indicating their ‘motivation’ for decisions. You only see the input and the
output. The system is far too complex.
2. Biased algorithms: when we feed our algorithms data sets that contain biased data, the
system will logically confirm our biases.
3. Too big a mandate: The more smart systems we use, the more we will run into the issue of
scope.
4. Privacy
Risks in IoT
1. Lack of physical hardening: The lack of physical hardening has always been a concern for
devices within the internet of things. Since most IoT devices are remotely deployed, there is
no way to properly secure devices that are constantly exposed to the broader physical attack
surface.
2. Insecure data storage and transfer: any time data is transferred, received, or stored through
these networks, the potential for a breach or compromised data also increases.
3. Lack of visibility and device management: Many IoT devices remain unmonitored, untracked,
and improperly managed. As devices connect and disconnect from the IoT network, trying to
monitor them can grow to be very difficult.
4. Insecure ecosystem interfaces: Application programming interfaces (APIs) are software
intermediaries that allow two applications to talk to each other. With the connection of the
two servers, APIs can introduce a new entrance for attackers to access a business's IoT
devices and breach a network’s router, web interface, server, etc.
5. Complexity − Some find IoT systems complicated in terms of design, deployment, and
maintenance given their use of multiple technologies and a large set of new enabling
technologies.
6. Flexibility − Many are concerned about the flexibility of an IoT system to integrate easily
with another. They worry about finding themselves with several conflicting or locking
systems.
7. Compliance − IoT, like any other technology in the realm of business, must comply with
regulations. Its complexity makes the issue of compliance seem incredibly challenging when
many consider standard software compliance a battle.

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13. Risks faced in AR:

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