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Dedicated to My Family
Sarah.Allen, Katherine, and Elizabeth
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CONTENTS
Preface to the First Edition xv 1.12 Historical Note: The Illusive Center of
Pressure 72
Preface to the Third Edition xix 1.13 Historical Note: Aerodynamic
Coefficients 76
1.14 Summary 79
Problems 80
PART 'I
Chapter 2
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 1
AERODYNAMICS: SOME
Chapter 1 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND
EQUATIONS 85
AERODYNAMICS: SOME
INTRODUCTORY THOUGHTS 3 2.1 Introduction and Road Map 85
2.2 Review of Vector Relations 87
1.1 Importance of Aerodynamics: Historical 2.2.1 Some Vector Algebra 87
Examples 3 2.2.2 Typical Orthogonal Coordinate
1.2 Aerodynamics: Classification and Practical Systems 88
Objectives 10 2.2.3 Scalar and Vector Fields 91
1.3 Road Map for This Chapter 12 2.2.4 Scalar and Vector Products 92
1.4 Some Fundamental Aerodynamic 2.2.5 Gradient of a Scalar Field 92
2.2.6 Divergence of a Vector Field 94
Variables 12
2.2.7 Curl of a Vector Field 95
1.5 Aerodynamic Forces and Moments 15
2.2.8 Line Integrals 96
1.6 Center of Pressure 28
2.2.9 Surface Integrals 97
1.7 Dimensional Analysis: The Buckingham Pi 2.2.10 Volume Integrals 97
Theorem 30 2.2.11 Relations Between Line, Surface, and
1.8 Flow Similarity 36 Volume Integrals 98
1.9 Fluid Statics: Buoyancy Force 48 2.2.12 Summary 99
1.10 Types of Flow 54 2.3 Models of the Fluid: Control Volumes and
1.10.1 Continuum Versus Free Molecule Fluid Elements 99
Flow 54 2.3.1 Finite Control Volume Approach 100
1.10.2 Inviscid Versus Viscous Flow 54 2.3.2 Infinitesimal Fluid Element
1.10.3 Incompressible Versus Compressible Approach 100
Flows 56 2.3.3 Molecular Approach 101
1.10.4 Mach Number Regimes 57 2.3.4 Physical Meaning of the Divergence of
1.11 Applied Aerodynamics: The Aerodynamic Velocity 101
Coefficients-Their Magnitudes and 2.3.5 Specification of the Flow Field 103
Variations 60 2.4 Continuity Equation 107
ix
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x FUNDAMENTALS OF AERODYNAMICS
Chapter 4
Chapter 3
INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS OVER
FUNDAMENTALS OF INVISCID,
AIRFOILS 277
INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW 177
4.1 Introduction 277
3.1 Introduction and Road Map 177 4.2 Airfoil Nomenclature 278
3.2 Bernoulli's Equation 180 4.3 Airfoil Characteristics 281
3.3 Incompressible Flow in a Duct: The Venturi 4.4 Philosophy of Theoretical Solutions for
and Low-Speed Wind Tunnel 184 Low-Speed Flow over Airfoils: The Vortex
3.4 Pitot Tube: Measurement of Airspeed 194 Sheet 285
3.5 Pressure Coefficient 203 4.5 The Kutta Condition 290
3.6 Condition on Velocity for Incompressible 4.5.1 Without Friction Could We Have
Flow 205 Lift? 294
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