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UNIT-5
APPLETS
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
THROUGH JAVA
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GUI PROGRAMMING
WITH SWING
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WHAT IS GUI IN JAVA?
GUI (Graphical User Interface) in Java is an easy-
to-use visual experience builder for Java
applications.
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It is mainly made of graphical components like
buttons, labels, windows, etc. through which the
user can interact with an application.
GUI plays an important role to build easy
interfaces for Java applications.
We use AWT, swing, applet to develop GUI
Applications.
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It is a type of
software interface,
offering a service to
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other pieces of
software
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WHAT IS AWT?
AWT stands for Abstract Window Toolkit.
It is a platform-dependent API to develop
GUI (Graphical User Interface) or window-
based applications in Java.
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It was developed by Sun Microsystem In
1995.
It is heavy-weight in use because it is
generated by the system’s host operating
system.
It contains a large number of classes and
methods, which are used for creating and
managing GUI. 5
LIMITATIONS OF AWT
The buttons of AWT does not support
pictures.
It is heavyweight in nature.
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Two very important components trees and
tables are not present.
Extensibility is not possible as it is platform
dependent
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WHAT IS SWING IN JAVA?
Swing in Java is a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
toolkit that includes the GUI components.
Swing provides a rich set of widgets and packages to
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make sophisticated GUI components for Java
applications.
Swing is a part of Java Foundation Classes(JFC),
which is an API for Java GUI programing that
provide GUI.
The Java Swing library is built on top of the Java
Abstract Widget Toolkit (AWT), an older, platform
dependent GUI toolkit.
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WHAT IS SWING IN JAVA? CONTD..
Swing is a Set Of API ( API- Set Of Classes and
Interfaces )
Swing is Provided to Design Graphical User
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Interfaces
Includes New and improved Components that have
been enhancing the looks and Functionality of GUIs’
Swing can be used to build(Develop) The Standalone
swing GUI Apps Also as Servlets And Applets
It Employs model/view design architecture
Swing is Entirely written in Java
Java Swing Components are Platform-independent
And The Swing Components are lightweight 8
Java Swing class Hierarchy Diagram
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WHAT IS A CONTAINER CLASS?
Container classes are classes that can have other
components on it. So for creating a Java Swing GUI,
we need at least one container object. There are 3
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types of Java Swing containers.
1. Panel: It is a pure container and is not a window in
itself. The sole purpose of a Panel is to organize
the components on to a window.
2. Frame: It is a fully functioning window with its
title and icons.
3. Dialog: It can be thought of like a pop-up window
that pops out when a message has to be displayed. It
is not a fully functioning window like the Frame.
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WHAT IS MVC?
The Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a well-
known design pattern in the web
development field. It is way to organize our
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code.
It specifies that a program or application
shall consist of data model, presentation
information and control information.
The MVC pattern needs all these
components to be separated as different
objects.
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WHAT IS MVC ARCHITECTURE IN JAVA?
The model designs based on the MVC
architecture follow MVC design pattern.
The application logic is separated from the
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user interface while designing the software
using model designs.
The MVC pattern architecture consists of
three layers:
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WHAT IS MVC ARCHITECTURE IN JAVA?
CONTD..
In MVC terminology, the model corresponds
to the state information associated with the
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Component
The view determines how the component is
displayed on the screen, including any aspects
of the view that are affected by the current
state of the model.
The controller determines how the
component reacts to the user
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WHAT IS MVC ARCHITECTURE IN JAVA?
CONTD..
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JAVA APPLET
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WHAT IS AN APPLET?
An applet is a special kind of Java program that
runs in a Java enabled browser.
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Applet is typically embedded inside a web page and
runs in the browser.
The applet can produce a graphical user interface.
To create an applet, a class must class
extends java.applet.Applet class.
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WHAT IS AN APPLET? CONTD…
An Applet class does not have any main() method.
This is the first Java program that can run over the
network using the browser.
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JVM creates an instance of the applet class and
invokes init() method to initialize an Applet.
Note: Java Applet is deprecated since Java 9. It
means Applet API is no longer considered important.
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Hierarchy of Applet:
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APPLET VS JAVA APPLICATION
An applet is a Java class that extends the
java.applet.Applet class.
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A main() method is not invoked on an applet, and an
applet class will not define main().
Applets are designed to be embedded within an HTML
page.
When a user views an HTML page that contains an
applet, the code for the applet is downloaded to the
user's machine.
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LIFECYCLE OF JAVA APPLET
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LIFECYCLE METHODS FOR APPLET:
The java.applet.Applet class provides 4 life cycle
methods
java.awt.Component class provides 1 life cycle
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methods for an applet.
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JAVA.APPLET.APPLET CLASS
public void init( ): is used to initialized the Applet.
It is invoked only once.
public void start( ): is invoked after the init( )
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method or browser is maximized. It is used to start
the Applet.
public void stop( ): is used to stop the Applet. It is
invoked when Applet is stop or browser is
minimized.
public void destroy( ): is used to destroy the
Applet. It is invoked only once.
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JAVA.AWT.COMPONENT CLASS
The Component class provides 1 life cycle method of
applet.
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public void paint(Graphics g): is used to paint
the Applet.
It provides Graphics class object that can be used
for drawing oval, rectangle,strings, arc etc.
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HOW TO RUN AN APPLET?
There are two ways to run an applet
By html file.
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By appletviewer tool (for testing purpose).
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SIMPLE EXAMPLE OF APPLET BY HTML FILE
To view the applet in a web browser, you will require
a java enabled web browser. To enable java in the
browser, go to browser advanced setting an enable
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java. The following steps should be followed :
a) Create an HTML file as above, containing the
APPLET tag.
b) Compile the applet source code using javac.
c) Open the html file in the web browser.
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import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class FirstApplet extends Applet
{
Applet code
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(Java File)
public void paint(Graphics g)
Save as:
{ FirstApplet.java
g.drawString("welcome",150,150);
} Compile:
javac FirstApplet.java
Note: class must be public because its object is
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created by Java Plugin software that resides on the
browser.
<html>
<body>
<applet code="FirstApplet.class" width="300"
height="300">
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</applet>
</body>
</html>
HTML Code:
Write this code in notepad and save with .html
extension.
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Just double click on html file to run
SIMPLE EXAMPLE OF APPLET BY
APPLETVIEWER TOOL
It is a java tool provided to view applets.
It is like a small browser provided to have a preview of
applet as they would look in browser.
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It understands APPLET tag and used in the creation
phase. The APPLET tag should be written in source
code file enclosing in comments.
The following steps should be followed:
a) Write HTML APPLET tag in comments in the
source file.
b)Compile the applet source code using javac.
c) Use appletviewer ClassName.class to view the
applet. 28
Save as:
First.java
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics; Compile:
javac First.java
public class First extends Applet Run:
{ appletviewer First.java
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString("welcome to applet",150,150);
}
}
/*
<applet code="First.class" width="300" height="300"
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</applet>
*/
PARAMETER IN APPLET
We can get any information from the HTML file as a
parameter.
For this purpose, Applet class provides a method
named getParameter( ).
Syntax:
public String getParameter(String parameterName)
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EXAMPLE OF USING PARAMETER IN APPLET:
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
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public class UseParam extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
String str=getParameter("msg");
g.drawString(str,50, 50);
}
} 31
<html>
<body>
<applet code="UseParam.class" width="300"
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height="300">
<param name="msg" value="Welcome to applet">
</applet>
</body>
</html>
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