Người biên soạn: Nguyễn Đức Tây
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PART A. Fundamental Commands
systemctl COMMANDS ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Restart machine $ systemctl reboot
2. Shutdown machine $ systemctl poweroff
3. Suspend machine $ systemctl suspend
4. Hibernate machine $ systemctl hibernate
5. Check a service state $ systemctl status <service_name>
6. Start a service $ systemctl start <service_name>
7. Stop a service $ systemctl stop <service_name>
SWITCHING USERS ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Log into another user $ su - <user_name>
2. Log out of current user $ logout
3. Log in as root user $ sudo -i
TOUCHING INTERNET ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Update system $ sudo apt update
2. Upgrade system $ sudo apt upgrade
3. Show IP address $ ip addr
4. Show datetime information $ timedatectl
SYSTEM INFORMATION ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Show machine information $ hostnamectl
2. Show RAM state $ free -h
3. Show ROM state $ df -h
PART B. Application Installation
ELITE APPLICATIONS ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Install wget $ sudo apt install wget
2. Install zip & unzip $ sudo apt install zip unzip
3. Install unrar $ sudo apt install unrar
4. Install vim $ sudo apt install vim
5. Install git $ sudo apt install git
PART C. Downloading Data on the Command Line
USING curl – Client for URL ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Download with the original file name $ curl -O <URL>
2. Download and change original name $ curl -o file_name <URL>
USING wget – World Wide Web get ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Install wget $ sudo apt-get install wget
2. Download $ wget <URL>
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES – Wget ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
$ nano links.txt
~ https://dlcdn.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.104/src/apache-tomcat-9.0.104-src.tar.gz
1. Download multiple files via a file of URLs ~ https://dlcdn.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-10/v10.1.40/src/apache-tomcat-10.1.40-src.tar.gz
~ https://dlcdn.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-11/v11.0.6/src/apache-tomcat-11.0.6-src.tar.gz
$ wget -i links.txt
2. Set up download bandwidth limit $ wget –limit-rate=<amount_of_kilobytes>k -i links.txt
3. Set up mandatory pause time $ wget -wait=<number_of_second> -i links.txt
PART D. Extracting Files
EXTRACTING COMMON FILES ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Extract .zip file $ unzip <file_name>
2. Extract .tar file $ tar -xvf <file_name>
3. Extract .tar.gz file $ tar -xzvf <file_name>
4. Extract .gz file $ gunzip <file_name>
5. Extract and move folder to a specific place $ tar -xzvf <file_name> -C /path/to/directory
PART E. Data Cleaning and Munging on the Command Line
csvkit ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Install csvkit $ sudo apt install csvkit
CONVERTING FILES ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Print the 1st sheet of xlsx file $ in2csv file.xlsx
2. Convert xlsx file to csv file $ in2csv file.xlsx > file.csv
3. Print all the sheet names of xlsx file $ in2csv -n file.xlsx
4. Save a specific xlsx file sheet to csv file $ in2csv file.xlsx --sheet “sheet_1” > sheet_1.csv
OBSERVATING FILES ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Display csv file in readable format $ csvlook file.csv
2. Show descriptive stats on csv file data $ csvstat file.csv
3. List all columns $ csvcut -n file.csv
4. Filter data by field number $ csvcut -c 1,2,3 file.csv
5. Filter data by field name $ csvcut -c “field_1”,”field_2”,”field_3” file.csv
6. Filter data by row value $ csvgrep -c “field_name” -m [searching_patern] file.csv
STACKING FILES TOGERTHER ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Stack 2 csv files having the same schema $ csvstack file1.csv file2.csv > file.csv
2. Stack 2 csv file and create distinct field $ csvstack -g “file1” “file2” file1.csv file2.csv > file.csv
3. // and create & change distinct field name $ csvstack -g “file1” “file2” -n “src” file1.csv file2.csv > file.csv
CHAINING COMMANDS ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Run commands sequentially $ csvlook -n file.csv; csvcut -c 1,2,3 file.csv
2. Run the 2nd if run 1st command successfully $ csvlook -n file.csv && csvcut -c 1,2,3 file.csv
PART F. Database Operations on the Command Line
INTRODUCTION TO MySQL ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Install MySQL on terminal $ sudo apt install mysql-server
2. Access MySQL via root user $ sudo mysql $ sudo mysql -u root -p
3. Create MySQL account & password > create user 'tae'@'localhost' identified by '246357';
4. Give full permission to new account > grant all privileges on *.* to 'tae'@'localhost';
5. List all users > SELECT user, host FROM mysql.user;
6. Delete user > DROP USER 'tae'@'localhost';
7. Remove user privileges immediately > FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
8. Log out > quit;
9. Clear screen > \! clear
0. Access MySQL via a specific user $ sudo mysql -u tae -p
QUERYING ON CSV FILE ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Apply SQL to local csv file $ csvsql --query "SELECT * FROM file_name" file_name.csv > output.csv
2. Render a better view $ csvsql --query "query" file_name.csv | csvlook
3. Assign long query to variable $ sql="field1, field2 FROM table_name”
4. Use that query $ csvsql --query "$sql" Spotify_Attributes.csv Spotify_Popularity.csv
PART G. Using Python On Command Line
PYTHON INSTALLATION ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Install Python programming language $ sudo apt install python3
2. Check Python version $ python3 --version
3. Check pip $ pip --version
4. Install package $ pip install <package_name>
5. Upgrade package $ pip install --upgrade <package_name>
6. Check all Python packages $ pip list
$ nano requirements.txt
~ numpy
~ pandas
~ matplotlib
7. Install multiple packages ~ scikit-learn
~ seaborn
~ xgboost
~ tensorflow
~ keras
$ pip install -r requirements.txt
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
$ python3
1. Run Python on terminal > print(“Hello World”)
> quit();
$ nano test.py
2. Run Python file ~ print(“Hello World!”)
$ python3 test.py
PART H. Using C++ On Command Line
C++ INSTALLATION ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
1. Install C++ programming language $ sudo apt install g++
2. Check C++ version $ g++ --version
INTRODUCTION TO C++ ───────────────────────── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ─────────────────────────
$ nano test.cpp
~ #include <iostream>
~ using namespace std;
1. Run Python file ~
~ int main() {
~ cout << "Hello, C++ on terminal!" << endl;
~ return 0;
~ }
2. Interpret program $ g++ -o test test.cpp
3. Run program $ ./test
