How Does The Internet Work?: Coky Fauzi Alfi, SE

How does the Internet
Work?
Coky Fauzi Alfi, SE
What Is the Internet?
It is the largest computer system in the world, consisting

of thousands of connected networks.
A network is a collection of computers, from two to

thousands that are linked using special rules called
protocols.
When computers are connected to the Internet, they are

able to communicate and share information.
Try define:internet at Google
Terminology: Internet vs. Web
The Internet and the World Wide Web are not synonymous:
the Internet is a collection of interconnected computer

networks, linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless
connections, etc.;
the Web is a collection of interconnected documents and

other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs.
History of the Internet
• http://computerhistory.org/exhibits/internet_history/
• http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml
• http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/
How Does It Work?
How Can Users Access the Internet?
How Can Users Access the Internet?
What Is the Internet Infrastructure?
• Regular Modem
• Cable modem or cable network
• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• Fiberoptic cable
• Wireless
• Satellite
• Cell phone
Basic Simple Network
Basic Local Area Network
Basic Wide Area Network
How Does the DNS Work?
The domain name system (DNS) will take

care of the translation of a domain name
into an IP address or vice versa.
For example, if a user were to type the

URL http://www.raritanval.edu, the DNS
would translate it into an equivalent IP
address of 192.231.207.100.
International Domain Names
Domain names outside the United States are, for
example, as follows: Australia = au, India = in,
Japan = jp, China = cn, United Kingdom = uk,
South Africa = za.
A domain for a university in Japan could be

ftp.meiji.ac.jp, for example, where the domain ac
stands for academic (college or university),
analogous to edu in the United States, to denote
colleges and universities.
Top-Level Domains
.com (commercial)
.edu (higher education)
.net (networking companies)
.org (nonprofit organizations)
.gov (U.S. federal government)
.mil (U.S. military)
.int (international treaties)
New Top-Level Domains
.aero (air-transport industry)

.biz (business)
.coop (cooperatives)
.info (information)
.museum (museum)
.name (for registration by individuals)
.pro (accountants, lawyers, physicians, etc)
.tv (television)
PANDI
PANDI (Pengelola Nama Domain Internet Indonesia) adalah

badan hukum yang dibentuk oleh perwakilan dari komunitas
teknologi informasi dan telah memenuhi syarat sebagai
badan hukum di Indonesia.
PANDI memiliki maksud dan tujuan untuk mengembangkan

dan menyediakan jasa layanan yang lain terkait dengan
nama domain.
Available Domain Names for .id
• .CO.ID komersial, badan usaha dan sejenisnya

• .NET.ID penyedia jasa telekomunikasi yang berlisensi
• .AC.ID akademik, universitas, perguruan tinggi dan
sejenisnya
• .SCH.ID sekolah
• .GO.ID institusi pemerintah dan sejenisnya
• .MIL.ID instansi militer
• .OR.ID organisasi selain organisasi di atas
• .WEB.ID pribadi atau komunitas
Common Uses of the Internet
• E-mail
• The World Wide Web
• Remote access
• Collaboration
• File sharing
• Streaming media
• Voice telephony (VoIP)
Try define:email at Google
Basic Concepts of E-mail
Computer-Based vs. Web-Based Email
Computer-based email stores your incoming messages

on a server until you are ready to collect them. Once you
download the messages, they are deleted from the server
and stored on your PC.
With web-based email, you use your internet browser to

go to the email provider's site, then log in with a user
name and password. The email provider stores all your
messages for you.
Computer-Based Email
• Outlook (www.microsoft.com/outlook)
• Outlook Express (www.microsoft.com/outlook)
• Entourage
• Mail
• Thunderbird (www.mozilla.org/thunderbird)
• Eudora (www.eudora.com)
Web-Based Email
• Yahoo mail (http://mail.yahoo.com)

• Gmail (http://gmail.google.com)
• MSN Hotmail (www.hotmail.com)
• .Mac (www.mac.com)
E-Mail Server System
• SMTP server, where SMTP stands for

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. The SMTP
server handles outgoing mail.
• POP3 server or an IMAP server, POP3
stands for Post Office Protocol and IMAP
stands for Internet Mail Access Protocol,
both of which handle incoming mail.
World Wide Web
The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to

the Web) is a system of interlinked, hypertext
documents accessed via the Internet.
With a web browser, a user views web pages that

may contain text, images, videos, and other
multimedia and navigates between them using
hyperlinks.
Try define:world wide web at Google
WWW Tools
• Web Server
• Web Page
• Web Browser
• Web Address
Remote Access
A service which makes it possible to

connect to a network or the Internet from a
distant location
Remote Access Tools
• Virtual Private Network (VPN)

• Telecommunication Network (Telnet)
• Secure Shell (SSH)
Collaborative Software
Collaborative software (also referred to as

groupware or workgroup support
systems) is software designed to help
people involved in a common task achieve
their goals.
The Three Levels of Collaboration
• Electronic communication tools

• Electronic conferencing tools
• Collaborative management tools
Electronic Communication Tools
• synchronous conferencing
• e-mail
• faxing
• voice mail
• Wikis
• Web publishing
• revision control
Electronic Conferencing Tools
• Internet forums
• Online chat
• Instant Messaging
• Telephony
• Video conferencing
• Data conferencing
• Application sharing
• Electronic meeting systems
Collaborative Management Tools
• electronic calendars (also called time
management software)
• project management systems
• workflow systems
• knowledge management systems
• prediction markets
• extranet systems (sometimes also known as
'project extranets')
• social software systems
• online spreadsheets
File Sharing
File sharing refers to the providing and receiving of digital

files over a network, usually following the peer-to-peer
(P2P) model, where the files are stored on and served by
personal computers of the users. Most people who engage
in file sharing on the Internet both provide (upload) files and
receive files (download).
File-Sharing Program
• USENET
• BitTorrent
• Limewire
• Podcast
Streaming Media
Technical term for digital audio or video

transmissions via the Internet.
The sound and image data are sent as a

data stream to the subscriber.
List of Streaming Media Systems
• Pandora (music service)

• QuickTime Broadcaster
• VideoLAN
• Winamp a freeware media player for
Microsoft Windows
Voice Telephony (VoIP)
Voice over Internet Protocol

(VoIP) is a technology used
to transmit voice
conversations over a data
network using the Internet
Protocol.
VoIP Software
• AOL Instant Messenger

• Google Talk
• iChat AV
• Skype
• Windows Live Messenger
• Yahoo! Messenger
Internet Hosting Service
An Internet hosting service is a service that

runs Internet servers, allowing organizations
and individuals to serve content to the Internet
or in newbie terms a way for you to keep your
website live and viewable on the internet.
Types of Hosting
1. Full-featured hosting
2. Limited or application-specific hosting
Full-featured Hosting
• Dedicated hosting service

• Virtual private server
• Colocation facilities
Limited or Application-specific Hosting
• Web hosting service

• E-mail hosting service
• DNS hosting service
• Game servers
• Wiki farms
The Process for Hosting a Web Site
• Register domain name

• Find an Hosting Provider
• Find an appropriate server
• Develop graphic and HTML content
• Upload to web server using FTP to
transfer files
What To Consider When Choosing a
Hosting Provider
• Storage Space and DataTransfer

• Reliability
• Technical Support
• Added Features
• Pricing Structure
End

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How does the Internet

It is the largest computer system in the world, consisting

A network is a collection of computers, from two to

When computers are connected to the Internet, they are

the Internet is a collection of interconnected computer

the Web is a collection of interconnected documents and

The domain name system (DNS) will take

For example, if a user were to type the

A domain for a university in Japan could be

.aero (air-transport industry)

PANDI (Pengelola Nama Domain Internet Indonesia) adalah

PANDI memiliki maksud dan tujuan untuk mengembangkan

• .CO.ID komersial, badan usaha dan sejenisnya

Computer-based email stores your incoming messages

With web-based email, you use your internet browser to

• Yahoo mail (http://mail.yahoo.com)

• SMTP server, where SMTP stands for

The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to

With a web browser, a user views web pages that

A service which makes it possible to

• Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Collaborative software (also referred to as

• Electronic communication tools

File sharing refers to the providing and receiving of digital

Technical term for digital audio or video

The sound and image data are sent as a

• Pandora (music service)

Voice over Internet Protocol

• AOL Instant Messenger

An Internet hosting service is a service that

• Dedicated hosting service

• Web hosting service

• Register domain name

• Storage Space and DataTransfer

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