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    Islamic University of Gaza Civil Engineering Department: Surveying II ECIV 2332

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    Graezel
    The document describes several linear methods for setting out simple circular curves during route surveying: (1) the method of offsets on the long chord, (2) the method of offsets on tangents, and (3) the method of radial offsets. It also describes the method of deflection angles, providing calculation steps and an example. These linear methods use chain surveying tools and are suitable for short, low-accuracy curves or where there are obstacles. The document emphasizes selecting appropriate offset distances based on curve radius and checking final points against design.

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    Islamic University of Gaza Civil Engineering Department: Surveying II ECIV 2332

    Uploaded by

    Graezel
    38 views19 pages
    The document describes several linear methods for setting out simple circular curves during route surveying: (1) the method of offsets on the long chord, (2) the method of offsets on tangents, and (3) the method of radial offsets. It also describes the method of deflection angles, providing calculation steps and an example. These linear methods use chain surveying tools and are suitable for short, low-accuracy curves or where there are obstacles. The document emphasizes selecting appropriate offset distances based on curve radius and checking final points against design.

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    The document describes several linear methods for setting out simple circular curves during route surveying: (1) the method of offsets on the long chord, (2) the method of offsets on tangents, and (3) the method of radial offsets. It also describes the method of deflection angles, providing calculation steps and an example. These linear methods use chain surveying tools and are suitable for short, low-accuracy curves or where there are obstacles. The document emphasizes selecting appropriate offset distances based on curve radius and checking final points against design.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    38 views19 pages

    Islamic University of Gaza Civil Engineering Department: Surveying II ECIV 2332

    Uploaded by

    Graezel
    The document describes several linear methods for setting out simple circular curves during route surveying: (1) the method of offsets on the long chord, (2) the method of offsets on tangents, and (3) the method of radial offsets. It also describes the method of deflection angles, providing calculation steps and an example. These linear methods use chain surveying tools and are suitable for short, low-accuracy curves or where there are obstacles. The document emphasizes selecting appropriate offset distances based on curve radius and checking final points against design.

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    Islamic University of Gaza

    Civil Engineering Department

    Surveying II
    ECIV 2332

    By
    Belal Almassri
    Chapter 9
    Route Surveying – Part 3
    - Linear Methods for setting out simple
    circular curve.
    - Method of offsets on the long chord.
    - Method of offsets on tangents.
    - Method of radial offsets.
    - Method of deflection angles.
    - Notes and Examples.
    Setting out simple circular curve
    using linear methods
     These methods use the chain surveying
    tools only.
     These methods are used for the short
    curves which doesn’t require high degree
    of accuracy.
     These methods are used for the clear
    situations on the road intersections.
    Types of linear method:

    There are three types of the linear methods


    to set out a simple circular curve.
    1. By offsets from the long chord.
    2. By offsets from the tangents.
    3. By radial offsets.
    By offsets from the long chord
    Example
    By offsets from the tangent
    Example
    Notes:
     In the first method, the value of x = Lc/2
    = 7.654 < 8m so we had used x = 7.654m
    and y at this point equals zero.
     In the second method, the value of x =
    8m < T(8.28), we had used x = 8m but we
    still know that the circular curve close at
    PT when T = 8.28m.
    By radial offsets
    Example
    Notes:
     In the second and the third methods the
    x value will not exceed the value of T
    BUT in the first method the value of x
    will not exceed the value of Lc/2.
     The third method is used when the
    centre of the circular curve is accessible
    while the first two methods can be used
    when there is an obstacle.
    Underground . . .
    Laying out simple circular curves by
    using the deflection angles method:
    Working method:
    1. Fix the theodolite device to be at point
    PC and directed at point PI.
    2. Measure the deflection angles d and the
    chords C.
    3. Connect the ends of the chords to draw
    the curve.
    Deflection Angles: the angles between the
    tangent and the ends of the chords from
    point PC.
     Calculations Steps:
    This method is a geometric based method :
    1. Calculate the values of T and L.
     T = R tan (Δ/2)
     L = R (Δ in radians)

    2. Calculate the chainage of point PC and


    point PI.
     Ch of PC = Ch of PI – T
     Ch of PT = Ch of PC + L
    3. Calculate the partial chords C, C1,C2.
     Choose C ≤ R/20 (then round it)
     Chainage of the first station: Chainage of PC (rounded) + C
     C1 = Chainage of first station – Chainage of PC (original)
     C2 = L – ( C1 + n C ); n = number of intermediate chords

    4. Calculate the deflection angles d, d1, d2.


     d = (28.648 C)/R
     d1 = (28.648 C1)/R
     d2 = (28.648 C2)/R

    5. Calculate the cumulative deflection angles.


    Notes:
     The total d’s will equal Δ/2.
     The chainage of the all stations on the
    curve should be even number divisible of
    5 or 10.
     When locating the last point before PT
    we measure the distance to the PT if it
    was equal C2 then it is correct or the
    difference is 5- 10 cm BUT if it is more
    than that we should repeat !
    Example 9.2
    Two tangents intersect at PI with chainage of
    2140.00 m and deflection angle of 10 ͦ 35 ` 2``
    Da or D˳ = 4 ͦ , Using the deflection angles
    method Arrange all the information needed.

    Solution !

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