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    TUNDRA

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    Louie Jane Eleccion
    This document defines and describes the tundra biome. It discusses the characteristics of tundra including the extreme cold climate, low diversity, and short growing season. There are three main types of tundra: Arctic, Antarctic, and alpine. The document outlines the distribution and features of each type. It also discusses the tundra soil profile including permafrost and adaptations of tundra plants and animals. Environmental threats to the tundra biome like permafrost thawing and animal/plant harvesting are also mentioned.

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    TUNDRA

    Uploaded by

    Louie Jane Eleccion
    657 views45 pages
    This document defines and describes the tundra biome. It discusses the characteristics of tundra including the extreme cold climate, low diversity, and short growing season. There are three main types of tundra: Arctic, Antarctic, and alpine. The document outlines the distribution and features of each type. It also discusses the tundra soil profile including permafrost and adaptations of tundra plants and animals. Environmental threats to the tundra biome like permafrost thawing and animal/plant harvesting are also mentioned.

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    This document defines and describes the tundra biome. It discusses the characteristics of tundra including the extreme cold climate, low diversity, and short growing season. There are three main types of tundra: Arctic, Antarctic, and alpine. The document outlines the distribution and features of each type. It also discusses the tundra soil profile including permafrost and adaptations of tundra plants and animals. Environmental threats to the tundra biome like permafrost thawing and animal/plant harvesting are also mentioned.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    657 views45 pages

    TUNDRA

    Uploaded by

    Louie Jane Eleccion
    This document defines and describes the tundra biome. It discusses the characteristics of tundra including the extreme cold climate, low diversity, and short growing season. There are three main types of tundra: Arctic, Antarctic, and alpine. The document outlines the distribution and features of each type. It also discusses the tundra soil profile including permafrost and adaptations of tundra plants and animals. Environmental threats to the tundra biome like permafrost thawing and animal/plant harvesting are also mentioned.

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    The document discusses the characteristics, types, soil profile, plant and animal adaptations, and environmental threats of tundra biomes.

    There are three main types of tundra: Arctic, Antarctic, and alpine tundra. Arctic tundra circles the North Pole across northern regions. Antarctic tundra is similar but in the Southern Hemisphere. Alpine tundra occurs at high elevations globally.

    Tundra soils are classified as gelisols and form in very cold regions. They have a layer of permanently frozen subsoil called permafrost below the seasonally thawed active layer. Permafrost contains large stores of organic carbon.

    TUNDRA

    Prepared by: Louie Jane T. Eleccion


    OBJECTIVES
    1. Define and describe the
    characteristics of a Tundra Biome.
    2. Enumerate the types of Tundra and
    identify its origin and distribution
    across the globe.
    3. Explain the soil profile of Tundra.
    4. Characterize some plants’ and
    animals’ adaptations
    5. Identify environmental threats that
    detriments the biome.
    TUNDRA
    • Tundras are among Earth's
    coldest, harshest biomes.
    TUNDRA
    • Tundra lands are snow-covered for
    much of the year which soils thaw
    to a depth of 0.5–1 m during the brief
    summer growing season.
    TUNDRA
    • The word tundra is derived from a
    Finnish word "tunturi" which means
    "treeless plain".
    Characteristics of Tundra
    • The region has extremely cold
    climate.
    • There is very low diversity.
    • The vegetation structure is simple.
    • The season of growth and
    reproduction is short.
    • The drainage here is limited.
    • The nutrients and the energy here is
    in the form of dead and organic
    3 Types of Tundra

    • Arctic Tundra

    • Antarctic Tundra

    • Alpine Tundra
    ARCTIC TUNDRA
    • Arctic tundra is the world’s
    youngest biome.
    • It covers about 20% of the Earth's
    surface, circumnavigating the North
    pole.
    ARCTIC TUNDRA (Cont.)
    • This is found in very cold regions of
    the northern hemisphere from Arctic
    Circle to North Pole.
    • Norway
    • Sweden
    • Finland
    • Russia
    • The United States (Alaska)
    • Canada (Yukon,
    Northwest Territories,
    Navanut)
    • Denmark (Greenland)
    ANTARCTIC TUNDRA
    • It is very similar to Arctic except that it’s in the
    Southern Hemisphere (South pole).
    • Antarctica is mainly ice and very dry, so little land
    supports life.
    ARCTIC VS. ANTARCTIC
    ALPINE TUNDRA
    • Alpine tundra can be found anywhere on Earth
    and is dependent only on elevation.
    • Alpine Tundra can get covered by snow for a large
    portion of the year.
    Alpine Glaciers in Alaska
    Tundra Global Distribution (Cont.)
    ORIGIN OF TUNDRA
    • Evolved over the last 1.5 million years,
    since Pleistocene glaciations have
    depressed global temperatures.
    TUNDRA
    SOIL PROFILE
    PERMAFROST
    SOIL PROFILE
    OF TUNDRA
    • Tundra soils are
    formed at high
    latitudes.
    • It is generally
    frozen, and are
    classified as
    Gelisols—ACTIVE
    LAYER.
    • Most gelisols are
    black or dark
    brown in soil
    PERMAFROST – FACTS and THREATS!
    • Permafrost contains large stores of
    organic carbon that have been
    locked in the permafrost for
    thousands of years.

    • As global temperatures rise, that


    permafrost is starting to melt, raising
    concerns about the impact on the
    climate as organic carbon becomes
    exposed.
    THAWING OF THE PERMAFROST
    According to researchers in the National Snow
    and Ice Data Center it is estimated, that
    by 2200, 60% of the permafrost in the
    Northern Hemisphere will be probably
    melted. This imminent danger could mean, that
    around 190 billion tons of carbon could be
    released into the atmosphere. This number is
    probably half of all the carbon released in the
    industrial age. If this happens, the atmospheric
    warming could be irreversible (Miklusak, 2015).

    #ThawingPermafrostMatters
    ADAPTATIONS IN TUNDRA
    PLANTS
    VEGETATION
    • There is barely any vegetation in the
    tundra, only about 1,700 different species.
    • The growing season is only about 50 to 60
    days long.
    • The ground is always frozen beneath the
    top layer of soil, so trees can't send their
    roots down.
    • Evergreen leaves are common among
    tundra plants.
    • Other adaptations include sun-tracking
    VEGETATION
    • LICHENS – major primary producer

    • MOSSES

    • WILLOWS
    WILLOWS
    • Found both in
    Arctic and Alpine
    Tundra.
    • Grows in acidic
    and calcareous
    soils.
    • Arctic Willow is a
    small shrub that is
    well adapted to
    grow in harsh
    arctic conditions.
    WILLOWS

    • Alpine Willow is a
    small bush has needle-
    shaped evergreen
    leaves and grows
    only in peat bogs, a
    vegetal ecosystem
    that is cold, humid
    and acid.
    ANIMALS
    ARCTIC ANIMALS

    https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/arct
    ic_animal.php
    ANIMAL ADAPTATIONS (Arctic Tundra)
    • INSULATING FUR (White fur/Hollow hairs/with Blubber)
    - Polar Bears, Arctic Wolves and Musk
    • SNOW
    OxenBURROWER
    - Hares and Ground
    • HUDDLING
    Squirrels
    - Hares, Ground Squirrels, Musk Oxen
    • MIGRATION
    - Hares, Ground Squirrels, Musk Oxen
    • HIBERNATION - Most of the animals in Arctic
    ANTARCTIC ANIMALS

    https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/ant
    arctica_animal.php
    ANTARCTIC ANIMALS

    https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/ant
    arctica_animal.php
    ANTARCTIC ANIMALS

    https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/ant
    arctica_animal.php
    ANTARCTIC ANIMALS

    https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/ant
    arctica_animal.php
    ALPINE (ALP) ANIMALS

    https://jayliciahatchett.weebly.com/animals-in-the-alpine.html
    ANIMAL ADAPTATIONS (AlpineTundra)
    WHITE-TAILED PTARMIGAN
    • During the many cold snowy months,
    it has white feathers.
    • In late spring, it molts or loses its
    warm white winter feathers and
    grows speckled grayish-brown
    feathers.
    • Ptarmigans need to eat lots of seeds,
    flowers, plants, and insects over the
    ANIMAL ADAPTATIONS (AlpineTundra)
    ELK or WAPPITI
    • One of the largest members of the deer
    family.
    • Elk can run really fast, up to 35 miles per
    hour.
    • In the fall (mating season), bull elk use their
    incredibly large antlers to fight other
    bull (male elk) for cows (female elks).
    • The elk calls say, "I am here to the other
    bull elk and cow elk, and I am strong and
    ANIMAL ADAPTATIONS (AlpineTundra)
    ELK VELVET ANTLERS
    • Antlers grow at an incredible rate of speed, and
    therefore are considered the perfect renewable
    resource.
    • There is a fuzzy velvet on the outside of the new
    antlers that help them grow.
    • Velvet the outside covering of the antler which
    is made of a blood filled collagenous matrix that
    forms the rapidly growing antler structure.
    • Velvet antler is covered in a hairy, velvet-like "skin"
    known as velvet and its tines are rounded, because
    ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS
    Other threats…

    • Animal Hunting

    • Plant Harvesting
    SOURCES/LINKS:
    • TUNDRA. (Undated). TutorVista.com. Retrieved 26 August 2018 from
    https://biology.tutorvista.com/ecology/tundra.html
    • TUNDRA. (Undated). Nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved 26 August 2018 from
    https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/tundra-biome/
    • TUNDRA. (Undated). Earthobservatory.nasa.gov. Retrieved 26 August 2018 from
    https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/experiments/biome/biotundra.php
    • CHO, R. (11 January 2018). “Why Thawing Permafrost Matters.” Retrieved from
    https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2018/01/11/thawing-permafrost-matters/
    • MIKLUSAK, M. (2 February 2015). “Permafrost – The Time Bomb That Could Kill Us.”
    Retrieved from http://www.techandfacts.com/permafrost-time-bomb-kill-us/
    • POT, J. H. (24 April 2017). “Why Is Tundra So Important?” Retrieved from
    https://sciencing.com/tundra-important-5329435.html
    • WOODWARD, S. L. (2012). Biomes of the World. Retrieved 26 August 2018, from the
    Department of Geospatial Science, Radford University Web Site:
    https://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/?page_id=222
    SOURCES/LINKS:
    • MORFORD, S. (5 December 2016). “When permafrost melts, what happens to all
    that stored carbon?” Retrieved from https://phys.org/news/2016-12-permafrost-
    carbon.html
    • O’DONNEL, J. (15 July 2013). “Tundra Animals: 6 Arctic Animals Perfectly Adapted
    For Life In The Cold” Retrieved from
    https://www.conservationinstitute.org/tundra-animals-6-arctic-animals-
    perfectly-adapted-for-life-in-the-cold/

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