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    Specific Heat: Amount of Heat Energy Necessary To Cause Unit Temperature

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    Nidhi Mehta
    Heat is a form of energy that flows from higher to lower temperatures through conduction, convection, or radiation. It is measured in Joules and can cause changes in temperature or state of matter. Materials have properties like specific heat, conductivity, and resistivity that determine how much heat they absorb or transmit. Insulation works by increasing resistivity/decreasing conductivity to slow heat flow through materials like glass wool, foam, or air cavities between layers.

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    Specific Heat: Amount of Heat Energy Necessary To Cause Unit Temperature

    Uploaded by

    Nidhi Mehta
    17 views10 pages
    Heat is a form of energy that flows from higher to lower temperatures through conduction, convection, or radiation. It is measured in Joules and can cause changes in temperature or state of matter. Materials have properties like specific heat, conductivity, and resistivity that determine how much heat they absorb or transmit. Insulation works by increasing resistivity/decreasing conductivity to slow heat flow through materials like glass wool, foam, or air cavities between layers.

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    HEAT

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    Heat is a form of energy that flows from higher to lower temperatures through conduction, convection, or radiation. It is measured in Joules and can cause changes in temperature or state of matter. Materials have properties like specific heat, conductivity, and resistivity that determine how much heat they absorb or transmit. Insulation works by increasing resistivity/decreasing conductivity to slow heat flow through materials like glass wool, foam, or air cavities between layers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    17 views10 pages

    Specific Heat: Amount of Heat Energy Necessary To Cause Unit Temperature

    Uploaded by

    Nidhi Mehta
    Heat is a form of energy that flows from higher to lower temperatures through conduction, convection, or radiation. It is measured in Joules and can cause changes in temperature or state of matter. Materials have properties like specific heat, conductivity, and resistivity that determine how much heat they absorb or transmit. Insulation works by increasing resistivity/decreasing conductivity to slow heat flow through materials like glass wool, foam, or air cavities between layers.

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    HEAT

    It is a form of energy.
    Measured in Joules (J)

    What is the difference between heat and temperature?

    Specific Heat: Amount of heat energy necessary to cause unit temperature


    increase in a unit mass of body. J/kg deg C
    Higher specific heat, more absorption of heat.
    Water has a high specific heat

    Latent Heat: Amount of heat energy absorbed by unit mass of substance at


    change of state without change in temperature – Solid to Liquid or Liquid to
    HEAT

    Heat always maintains a balanced thermal field by distributing uniformly.


    Flows from higher temperature to lower temperature
    Conduction
    Convection
    Radiation

    Greater the temperature, faster the rate of heat flow


    Conductivity: Property of a material. Rate of heat flow through unit area of unit
    thickness when there is a unit temperature difference between the two sides. Also
    known as Thermal Conductivity ( k value) measured as W/m deg C.
    Lower the conductivity, better the insulation of material.

    Brick – 0.8
    Plywood – 0.13
    Concrete – 1.4
    Stone – 2.9
    Steel – 58
    Silver – 407
    Resistivity: Resistance to the rate of heat flow offered by the material. It is
    the reciprocal of conductivity (1/k) measured as m deg C/W.

    High resistivity values indicate good insulation


    Brick – 1.24
    Plywood – 7.25
    Concrete – 0.69
    Stone – 0.34
    Steel – 0.017
    Silver – 0.002
    MATERIAL DENSITY KG/M3 CONDUCTIVITY
    GLASS WOOL 24 0.029
    FOAMED CONC 1280 0.338
    ALUMINIUM 2700 220

    Density: Higher density materials usually have a higher conductivity but may
    not hold true for all materials.
    Surface Conductance/Air to Air Resistance
    In addition to the resistance of a body to the flow of heat, a resistance will be
    offered by it’s surfaces, where a thin layer of air film separates the body from
    surrounding atmosphere.
    The overall air to air resistance (R) is the sum of the body’s resistance and
    the surface resistances.

    Transmittance: The reciprocal of this air to air resistance is the air to air
    transmittance
    CONST. TYPE or U value. U = 1/R, W/m
    2 deg C
    U VALUE R VALUE
    BRICK 100 MM 3.64 0.27
    CONC 200 MM 3.18 0.31
    COR. IRON SHEET 8.52 0.12
    PLYWOOD 25 MM 0.80 1.25
    S.WINDOW SINGLE GLAZE 4.48 0.22
    Higher the R Value, the more effective the insulation

    R 3.5, R 16, R 30 Etc.


    Cavities: If an air space or cavity is present in a body, this will offer resistance
    to the passage of heat called cavity resistance. This resistance is dependent
    on the width of the cavity and the material in which it is present.

    Multi layered body: Body consisting of several layers of different materials,


    it’s total resistance will the sum of resistances of individual layers
    R = R1 + R2 + R3
    Convection Heat Transfer: Heat is transferred by the bodily movement of a
    carrying medium usually a gas or a liquid.
    Movement may be self generating or external applied forces.

    Factors affecting the heat transfer


    Temperature Difference
    The rate of movement of the medium
    Specific heat of the carrying medium

    Coolants in vehicles, refrigerators, AC units, Radiant Heating.


    Radiation Heat Transfer: Depends on the
    Temperatures of the emitting and receiving surfaces.
    Absorbance and Emittance quality of a surface.
    Radiation received by a surface is absorbed (a) and reflected (r)
    It is always a + r = 1

    Light colored, smooth and shiny surfaces have a higher reflectance.


    Perfect Reflective White Surface r = 1 , a = 0
    Black Body r = 0, a = 1
    Emittance (e) is the value of absorbed heat, which is re- emitted.
    White painted surface and a bright metal surface are exposed to solar radiation, both will
    absorb and reflect the same amount of heat.
    But the white painted surface will re emit much of the absorbed heat, while the bright
    metal will not.
    Bright metal surface will be more hotter.

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