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    Lecture 3 Metallic Biomaterials

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    marye agegn
    The document discusses metallic biomaterials used in medical applications. It describes the properties of metals including strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance, and outlines design considerations for metals as biomaterials including matching mechanical properties to tissue and preventing corrosion, wear, and fatigue. Common metallic biomaterials discussed are stainless steel, titanium alloys, and cobalt alloys, along with their uses such as screws, plates, and joint replacements.

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    Lecture 3 Metallic Biomaterials

    Uploaded by

    marye agegn
    149 views18 pages
    The document discusses metallic biomaterials used in medical applications. It describes the properties of metals including strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance, and outlines design considerations for metals as biomaterials including matching mechanical properties to tissue and preventing corrosion, wear, and fatigue. Common metallic biomaterials discussed are stainless steel, titanium alloys, and cobalt alloys, along with their uses such as screws, plates, and joint replacements.

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    The document discusses metallic biomaterials used in medical applications. It describes the properties of metals including strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance, and outlines design considerations for metals as biomaterials including matching mechanical properties to tissue and preventing corrosion, wear, and fatigue. Common metallic biomaterials discussed are stainless steel, titanium alloys, and cobalt alloys, along with their uses such as screws, plates, and joint replacements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    149 views18 pages

    Lecture 3 Metallic Biomaterials

    Uploaded by

    marye agegn
    The document discusses metallic biomaterials used in medical applications. It describes the properties of metals including strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance, and outlines design considerations for metals as biomaterials including matching mechanical properties to tissue and preventing corrosion, wear, and fatigue. Common metallic biomaterials discussed are stainless steel, titanium alloys, and cobalt alloys, along with their uses such as screws, plates, and joint replacements.

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    University of Gondar

    Institute of Technology

    Department of Biomedical Engineering

    Biomaterials and Implants

    Lecture 3: Metallic Biomaterials

    Email: mesfin.mihret@uog.edu.et
    Learning Outcomes

     At the end of this lecture, you will be able to


     Identify the properties of metallic biomaterials
     Explain the basic requirement in designing of metallic biomaterials
     identify the typical metallic biomaterials in medical application.
    Metallic Biomaterials

     Physical properties of metals


     luster (shininess)
     Good conductor of heat and electricity
     high density (heavy for size)
     High melting point
     Ductile (most metals can be drawn out into thin wires)
     Malleable (most metals can be hammered into thin sheets)
    Metallic Biomaterials

     Chemical properties of metals


     Easily lose electrons
     surface reactive
     loss of mass (some corrode easily)
    • corrosion is gradual wearing away

     change in mechanical properties


    Advantages of Metals

     Metallic properties of materials can provide


     high strength and good toughness
     high resistance to fracture
     long term implant performance in major load-bearing situations
     well-established and widely available fabrication techniques
    • casting, forging and machining.
    Disadvantage of Metals

     The main disadvantage of metals


     corrosion due to chemical reaction
     cause metal ion toxicity in the body
    Metallic Biomaterials

     The main criteria in selection of metal based materials for


    biomedical applications are their:
     excellent biocompatibility,
     convenient mechanical properties,
     good corrosion resistance, and
     low cost
    Metallic Biomaterials

     Design considerations of metals:


     typically want to match mechanical properties of tissue with
    mechanical properties of metal.
     how to consider how the metal can fail in vivo
     corrosion
     wear
     fatigue
     need to consider cost
    Metallic biomaterials

     Design considerations of metals:


    Metals used in medicine

     Metals are widely used as biomaterials due to their


     strength and toughness

     implant metals are generally biocompatible


     stainless steel
     titanium
     cobalt alloy
    Metals used in medicine

     Some people are allergic to ions released from these metals.

     Major problem:
     generation of fine wear particles in service can lead to:
    • inflammation and
    • implant loosening
    Metals used in medicine

     Stainless steel (most common 316L)


     60-65% iron, 17-19% chromium, 12-14% nickel, > 0.03% carbon and
    others.
     low carbon content for better resistance to in vivo corrosion.
     chromium: corrosion resistance by formation of surface oxide
     nickel: increases strength by increasing phase (austenite).
     used as screws and fittings for orthopedics.
    Metals used in medicine

     Stainless steel: commonly used for internal fixation device


    with cemented arthroplasty implant.
     without it, the stable oxide layer cannot be formed on the surface of
    stainless steel – low biocompatibility.
    Metals used in medicine

     Ti alloys
     light
     good mechanical properties
     good corrosion and fatigue resistance due to

    TiO2 solid oxide layer.


     The TiO2 surface can form a bio-liquid layer.
     Commercially pure Ti is used in dental implants.
     Ti-Al-V alloys is widely used for implants and surface-coating
    Metals used in medicine

     Ti alloys application
    Metals used in medicine

     Cobalt based alloys:


     common types for surgical applications
     difficult to process b/c of difficulties in controlling final
    microstructure.
     used in both cast and powder pressing + forged conditions.
     excellent wear resistance.
    Metals: corrosion

     Corrosion is continuous degradation of metals to oxide,


    hydroxide or other compounds through chemical reactions.

     The human body is an aggressive medium for inducing


    corrosion in metals: water, dissolved oxygen, chloride,
    hydroxide.
    Metallic biomaterial applications

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