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    Organization of The Periodic: Open Chemical Building Blocks Book To Page 85. Get Chalkboards, Chalk, and Eraser

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    Jackie Christoffel
    Here are 10 sentences about the patterns and organization of the periodic table: 1. The periodic table arranges the elements in order of increasing atomic number. 2. Elements in the same column/group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. 3. Elements become more reactive moving left to right within a period as atomic number increases. 4. Elements become less reactive moving up a group as nuclear charge increases but valence shell electrons remain the same. 5. Metals are generally located on the left side of the periodic table and are shiny, malleable, and good conductors. 6. Nonmetals are generally located on the right side and are poor conductors and

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    Organization of The Periodic: Open Chemical Building Blocks Book To Page 85. Get Chalkboards, Chalk, and Eraser

    Uploaded by

    Jackie Christoffel
    33 views39 pages
    Here are 10 sentences about the patterns and organization of the periodic table: 1. The periodic table arranges the elements in order of increasing atomic number. 2. Elements in the same column/group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. 3. Elements become more reactive moving left to right within a period as atomic number increases. 4. Elements become less reactive moving up a group as nuclear charge increases but valence shell electrons remain the same. 5. Metals are generally located on the left side of the periodic table and are shiny, malleable, and good conductors. 6. Nonmetals are generally located on the right side and are poor conductors and

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    Here are 10 sentences about the patterns and organization of the periodic table: 1. The periodic table arranges the elements in order of increasing atomic number. 2. Elements in the same column/group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. 3. Elements become more reactive moving left to right within a period as atomic number increases. 4. Elements become less reactive moving up a group as nuclear charge increases but valence shell electrons remain the same. 5. Metals are generally located on the left side of the periodic table and are shiny, malleable, and good conductors. 6. Nonmetals are generally located on the right side and are poor conductors and

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    33 views39 pages

    Organization of The Periodic: Open Chemical Building Blocks Book To Page 85. Get Chalkboards, Chalk, and Eraser

    Uploaded by

    Jackie Christoffel
    Here are 10 sentences about the patterns and organization of the periodic table: 1. The periodic table arranges the elements in order of increasing atomic number. 2. Elements in the same column/group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. 3. Elements become more reactive moving left to right within a period as atomic number increases. 4. Elements become less reactive moving up a group as nuclear charge increases but valence shell electrons remain the same. 5. Metals are generally located on the left side of the periodic table and are shiny, malleable, and good conductors. 6. Nonmetals are generally located on the right side and are poor conductors and

    Copyright:

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 39

    Organization of The Periodic

    Table

    Open Chemical Building Blocks Book to Page 85. Get chalkboards, chalk, and eraser
    Nucleus
    • Center of the atom.
    • Makes majority of the atom’s mass.
    • Made of Protons and Neutrons.
    Nucleus
    Protons
    • Part of the nucleus
    • Have positive (+) charge
    Neutrons
    • Part of the nucleus
    • Have neutral charge
    Electrons
    • Orbit around the nucleus
    • Have negative (-) charge
    Atomic Number
    • Definition: the number of protons in the
    nucleus
    • Tells us the identity of the element.

    Every element is defined by the number of protons in its nucleus


    Isotopes
    • Atoms with the same number of protons
    but different numbers on neutrons
    • Example: Carbon

    So you can change the number of neutrons and the element still maintains its identity
    Questions
    • 1) What particles make up an atom?

    • 2) What are the charges on these


    particles?

    • 3) What particles make up the nucleus?


    Questions
    • 1) What is Oxygen’s atomic number?

    • 2) How many protons does Oxygen have?

    • 3) If I have 4 protons what element am I?

    • 4) If I have 4 neutrons what element am I?


    Reading the Periodic Table

    Mass
    Atomic Mass
    • Definition: the ~ mass of one atom of an
    element
    • Tells us how much one atom weighs in
    atomic mass units.

    Mass
    Assessment
    • Which element has the greatest atomic
    mass?
    • Lithium
    • Sodium
    • Potassium
    • Rubidium
    Organization of The Periodic Table
    Group/Family

    Period

    Ordered by atomic mass. Columns arranged to form groups with similar properties
    Reactivity
    • The ease and speed
    with which an element
    combines, or reacts,
    with other elements or
    compounds

    Pure sodium reacts explosively


    with air
    Groups/families of elements have similar reactivity
    Group 1: metals that react violently with water

    Group 18: Gases that barely react at all

    Why do groups/families of elements react the same way?


    Atoms have neutral charge
    • # of Protons (+) = # of Electrons (-) = 0 charge

    • Example: Hydrogen

    • How many electrons does C have?


    Electrons orbit in “shells”
    • 1st shell can fit 2 electrons
    1st period/row

    • 2nd and 3rd shells can fit 8 electrons

    2nd period/row

    3rd period/row
    Atoms want their shells to be full
    • 2 electrons in first shell
    • 8 electrons in 2nd and 3rd shells

    • Examples:
    Question
    • How many electrons does an oxygen
    have?

    • How many electrons are in its outer shell?

    • Which group is oxygen most likely to react


    with?
    Question

    For the first 3 periods:


    1) How many electrons are in the outer shell of each element in group 1? Group 2?
    Group 13? Group 14? Group 15? Group 16? Group 17? Group 18?
    2) How many electrons does each element in each group above need to fill its
    outer shell?
    3) Which groups are the most likely to react with one another?
    4) Which group is least likely to react with any other group?
    Only use the 1 3 periods st

    • For the first 3 periods:


    • 1) How many electrons are in the outer shell of each
    element in group 1? Group 2?
    • Group 13? Group 14? Group 15? Group 16? Group 17?
    Group 18?
    • 2) How many electrons does each element in each
    group above need to fill its
    • outer shell?
    • 3) Which groups are the most likely to react with one
    another?
    • 4) Which group is least likely to react with any other
    group?
    Take home message
    • The properties of an element can be
    predicted from its location on the Periodic
    Table
    • This is largely a result of the number of
    electrons in their outer shell.
    Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals
    Metals
    • Shiny
    • Solids (at room temp)
    • Malleable – can be
    hammered flat
    • Ductile – can be pulled
    into wire
    • High Conductivity –
    ability to transfer heat or
    electricity to another
    object
    Reactivity of Metals
    High Low

    Metals will usually lose electrons when they react with other elements
    Nonmetals
    • Opposite of properties
    of metals
    • Not shiny
    • Poor conductors
    • Mostly gases (at room
    temperature)
    • Solids are brittle
    Sulfur
    Reactivity of Nonmetals
    Low
    Low High

    Nonmetals will usually gain or share electrons when they react with other elements
    Some Important Nonmetals
    • Carbon – important element for making up
    living organisms

    • Noble Gases – group 18 – very


    nonreactive. Have full outer shells.
    Metalloids
    • Inbetween metals and
    nonmetals
    • Solids (at room temp)
    • brittle and hard
    • Semiconductors – can
    conduct electricity under
    some conditions but not
    others.
    – very important for
    computer chips
    • Most common example –
    Silicon – in sand and glass
    Assessment
    • The atomic number is the number of
    • valence electrons.
    • neutrons.
    • protons in the nucleus.
    • electrons in the nucleus.
    Assessment
    • The periodic table is a chart of the
    elements that shows the repeating pattern
    of their
    • energies.
    • properties.
    • element symbols.
    • names.
    Assessment
    • Which piece of information cannot be
    found in a square on the periodic table?
    • Atomic mass.
    • Chemical symbol.
    • Atomic number.
    • Number of neutrons.
    Assessment
    • Which element will have properties most
    similar to Calcium?
    • Potassium.
    • Scandium.
    • Magnesium.
    • Bromine.
    Assessment
    • Which group is most likely to lose/share 2
    electrons in a chemical reaction?
    • 1.
    • 2.
    • 17.
    • 18.
    Assessment
    • Which side of the periodic table contains
    most of the nonmetals?
    • Left side.
    • Right side.
    • Middle.
    Assessment
    • Which is not a property of nonmetals?
    • Brittle.
    • Nonmalleable.
    • High conductivity.
    • Most are gases at room temperature
    Assessment
    • Which metal is probably the most
    reactive?
    • Potassium
    • Calcium
    • Scandium
    • Titanium
    Assessment
    • Which nonmetal is probably the most
    reactive?
    • Nitrogen
    • Oxygen
    • Fluorine
    • Neon
    Ticket Out the Door
    • 10 Sentences about the patterns and
    organization of the periodic table.

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