Fundamentals of Nationalism and Patriotism G-1

FUNDAMENTALS
OF
PATRIOTISM
AND
NATIONALISM
INTRODUCTION
Our introductory chapter begins
with an explanation in light of
recent events how Filipinos fight
for the country’s freedom as our
Filipino heroes offer their lives for
the sake of our total liberty. It also
gives the meaning of Patriotism
and how it differs from
Nationalism. It also helps to
evaluate the importance of
Patriotism and Nationalism as
presented by other social thinker.
UNTOLD STORIES
OF OUR
FORGOTTEN
HEROES
APOLINARIO
MABINI
EMILIO
AGUINALDO
ANDRES
BONIFACIO
ANTONIO
LUNA
“Kay sarap mabuhay
sa sariling bayan kung
walang alipin at may
kalayaan. Ang bayang
sinisiil, babangon lalaban
din! Ang silang ay pupula sa
timyas ng paglaya”
Apolinario Mabini, the so-called “brains and
conscience” of Katipunan,
wrote about this:
“Marami ang nag sasalita ng tungkol sa kalayaan
nang hindi ito naiintindihan. Marami ang naniniwala
na ang pagiging Malaya ay nangangahulugang maari
ng gawin ang ano mang maibigan, ito man ay para sa
mabuti o sa masama na isang malaking pagkakamali.
Ang kalayaan ay para lamang sa mabuti at kalian ma’y
hindi para sa masama at itoy palaging naka ayon sa
katwiran at sa matuwid at marangal na budhi ng tao.”
Gen. Antonio Luna viewed “freedom” as something that was
not that easy to achieve.
“ SABIHAN MO ANG MGA PILIPINO [NA] HINDI

NAKAKAMIT ANG KALAYAAN SA PAGAARUGA
SA KANILANG MGA MAHAL SA BUHAY,
KAILANGAN NILANG MAGBAYAD [NG] DUGO AT
PAWIS”
Understanding Freedom:
An Attempt to Contextualize
In the Philippines, the first social science to be taught, history,
was introduced as early as in the seventeenth century, with
anthropology, economics, political science, psychology, and
sociology emerging during the American colonial period
(Feliciano, 1984). The Philippines system was patterned after
the American educational system, and in the early part of this
century, many Filipinos were sent to the United States for
graduate studies, further strengthening the American influence
in social science education (Talib and Cardinal, 2016). Hence, it
is important that the discourse(s) on the concepts of
“freedom,” “nationalism,” and “patriotism” (and the like).
Which are offered through the Filipino lens, are either weak or
rare, present but not substantive.
What is “Patriotism?”
“Patriotism” is defined as “love of one’s

country” or one’s “country of birth”
because it is the land of one’s forefathers.
 It derives from the Greek word patriot,

which means “fellow countryman” and
Patrice, which means “fatherland” or
“country.” The term also derives from the
word pater, which means “father.”
 A patriot is someone supports and acts in defense
of his/her country and the term generally refers
to a concept of national loyalty.
Johnson (1990) views patriotism as a predisposition to
behave altruistically on behalf of the most
comprehensive social system of which an individual is
a member, and emphasizes its inborn nature and
independence of short-term incentives and sanctions.
In other words,Patriotism consist of acts and beliefs
based on securing one’s identity or self-benefits. It is
one’s “civic devotion” to the state as a political entity
while expressing commitment towards it.
Patriotism is the consequence of the
development of the collective system of
meaning, which is determined primarily
by social values and social identification.
Patriotism is based on the acquisition of
common social values that are reflected
in traditions, rituals, historical events
and other aspects of a collective system
of meaning, which serves as a source of
social identity for group members.
Every society sets an important objective to
inculcate patriotism among citizens using all
available cultural. Educational, societal, and
political mechanism. Literary works, sculptures,
and paintings are often used to eternalize a
country’s patriots. Educational systems explicitly
attempt to impart patriotism as a value by
glorifying the lives of patriots, by presenting history
and geography in ways that sheds positive light on
the group and country, and by emphasizing the
importance of patriotism through national holidays
that commemorate the birth and/or death
anniversaries as well as the achievement of the
national heroes. Patriotism—both as slogan and a
symbol—exerts a strong influence on human
behavior.
Johnson(1990) presents three mechanism that help
explain patriotic behavior:
1. Association of familiarity and kinship;

2. Matching between genotype (kin selection
and is a product of natural selection) and
phenotype(individuals that are not related
but engaged in altruistic exchanges); and
3. Connection between kinship and location
The development of patriotism is not solely in
terms of evolutionary forces, rather, it also features
socialization which is an important instrument in
forming feelings of “kinship” and reciprocal
altruism. As mentioned earlier, societies develop
social responsibility through such mechanism as
language, customs, monuments, collective
memory, literature, symbols, and ceremonies.
Nathanson, as cited by Staub and Bar-Tal(1997), elaborates that
patriotism is a combination of four attitudes:
1. A special affection for one’s country;

2. A sense of personal identification with
one’s country;
3. A special concern for well-being of
one’s country; and
4. A willingness to sacrifice in order to
help to promote a country’s good.
What is Nationalism?
 Nationalism means to give more importance to
unity by way of cultural background, including
language and heritage
 According to Feshback and Sakano, as cited by
What is Nationalism?
Staub and Bar-Tal (1997), nationalism is a feeling

of national superiority, in contrast to patriotism,
which refers to love of nation. Johnson defined
nationalism as a “commitment, principle
sentiment, or ideology that nations should be
self-governing,”
The concept of “nationalism” refers to
several phenomena. First, it refers to the
within group motivation for actions aimed
at creating a state. This type of nationalism
arises from the past history of suffering
and aims to create a self-determination
and a new, better identity. Second, it refers
to the motivation to enhance the group’s
power, wealth, and influence. Third, it
refers to identity-building actions other
than the creation of a state.
The concept of “nationalism” refers to several
phenomena.
• First, it refers to the within group motivation
for actions aimed at creating a state. This
type of nationalism arises from the past
history of suffering and aims to create a
self-determination and a new, better
identity.
• Second, it refers to the motivation to
enhance the group’s power, wealth, and
influence.
• Third, it refers to identity-building actions
other than the creation of a state.

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FUNDAMENTALS

“ SABIHAN MO ANG MGA PILIPINO [NA] HINDI

“Patriotism” is defined as “love of one’s

 It derives from the Greek word patriot,

1. Association of familiarity and kinship;

1. A special affection for one’s country;

Staub and Bar-Tal (1997), nationalism is a feeling

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