Sewage Treatment Plant

SEWAGE TREATMENT
PLANT
Prepared by:
Denubo, John Paul
Inteligando, Clarence
Trisha
Paro, John Paul
INTRODUCTION
SEWAGE - is a waste SULLAGE – waste
water from the community,
water which does not
containing solid and liquid
contain human excretes.
excrete, derived from
houses, street and yard
washings, factories and
industries.
SEWAGE TREATMENT
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants
from wastewater and household sewage , both effluents and
domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes
to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants.
Its objective is to produce an environmentally safe fluid waste
stream and a solid waste suitable for disposal or reuse .The
objective of sewage treatment is to produce a disposable effluent
without causing harm to the surrounding environment, and
prevent pollution.
IMPORTANCE OF SEWAGE WATER
TREATMENT PLANT
It is very important to provide some degree of treatment to
wastewater before it can be used for agricultural or landscape
irrigation or for aquaculture.
The principal objective of sewage treatment is generally to allow
human effluents to be disposed of without danger to human
health or unacceptable damage to the natural environment.
According to a research, a large number of people die from
waterborne diseases in most of the developing countries. Therefore, it is
very important to get the proper treatment of the water for a healthy living.
SOURCES OF WASTE WATER
Human waste
Washing water
Rainfall collected on roofs, yards, hard-
standings
Domestic sources
Direct ingress of river water
Highway drainage
Industrial waste
TYPES OF THE TREATMENT PROCESS
PRIMARY
TREATMENT
● SCREENING
● GRIT REMOVAL
● SEDIMENTATION
PRIMARY TREATMENT
Primary treatment removes materials that can be
easily collected from the raw sewage before they damage
or clog the pumps and sewage lines of primary treatment
clarifiers trash, tree limbs, leaves, branches etc..
The settled and floating materials are removed

and the remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected
to secondary treatment.
Screening
First unit operation used at
wastewater treatment plants
(WWTPs) in primary treatment.
BAR SCREENING
The influent sewage water passes
through a bar screen to remove all
large objects like cans, rags, sticks,
plastic packets etc. carried in the
sewage stream. This is most commonly
done with an automated mechanically
raked bar screen in modern plants
serving large populations, whilst in
smaller or less modern plants, a
manually cleaned screen may be used .

SCREENING
Grit Removal
Grit Materials - includes sand, gravel, cinder, or other heavy
solid materials that are “heavier” (higher specific gravity) than
the organic biodegradable solids in the wastewater. Grit also
includes eggshells, bone chips, seeds, coffee grounds, and
large organic particles, such as food waste.
Grit Chamber is a concrete tank designed to reduce the

velocity of sewage water and remove grit materials.
GRIT REMOVAL
PROCESS
Pre-treatment may include a
sand or grit channel or chamber,
where the velocity of the incoming
sewage is adjusted to allow the
settlement of sand, grit, stones, and
broken glass . These particles are
removed because they may
damage pumps and other
equipment.
PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION
To remove minute particles from the water is allowed to pass
through the sedimentation tank. In this tank, water flow is reduced and
solids particles are settled at the bottom of the tank. The solid collected
is called as raw primary bio-solids (sludge) that is taken out of the tank
by pumping. Primary treatment of wastewater is not able to meet the
desired quality of water. Hence, further treatment is essential to fulfill the
needs of cities and industries.
Sludge - the residue left at the bottom of tanks like feces
are allowed to settle down. STP sludge contains a lot of
bacteria, pathogens and viruses. Sludge remove with a
scraper.
Scum - composed of materials that float on water such as

grease, oil, and fats. The scum is then removed using
skimmer.
Clarified water - known as water left out from the sedimentation tank.
Primary sedimentation tank for sludge removal
SECONDARY
TREATMENT
Secondary treatment removes
dissolved and suspended biological
matter. Secondary treatment is typically
performed by indigenous, water-borne
microorganisms in a managed habitat.
Secondary treatment may require a

separation process to remove the
micro-organisms from the treated
water prior to discharge or tertiary
treatment.
Secondary sedimentation tank
Secondary treatment is divided into two different
treatment process:
Aerobic Treatment and

Anaerobic Treatment
Aerobic
Treatment
Aerobic wastewater treatment is a
biological treatment that uses oxygen to break
down organic matter and remove other
pollutants like nitrogen and phosphorus. Aerobic
treatment technologies are:
• Activated Sludge Process (ASP) /
Extended Aeration System (EAS)
• Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)
• Moving Bed Bio Film Reactor
(MBBR)
• Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)
Anaerobic Treatment
Anaerobic treatment is a process
where wastewater or material is
broken down by micro-organisms
without the aid of dissolved oxygen.
However, anaerobic bacteria can
and will use oxygen that is found in
the oxides introduced into the
system or they can obtain it from
organic material within the
wastewater.
Aeration Tank
An activated sludge process
where air is added into the water
to encourage microbial growth.
The microbes in the water feed on
the organic material and form flocs
that then settle out.
ACTIVATED SLUDGE
In general, activated sludge

plants encompass a variety of
mechanisms and processes that
use dissolved oxygen to promote
the growth of biological flock that
substantially removes organic
material.
HIGH RATE TRICKLING
FILTERS
In older plants and those receiving
variable loadings, trickling filter beds
are used where the settled sewage
liquor is spread onto the surface of a
bed made up of coke, limestone chips
or specially fabricated plastic media.
Biological films of bacteria,

protozoa and fungi form on the media’s
surfaces and eat or otherwise reduce
the organic content.
ROTATING BIOLOGICAL
CONTACTORS
Rotating biological contactor

contain a number of rotating
discs on a shaft submerged in a
tank partially or completely filled
with liquid, Bio-film grows in
immobilized form on the surface of
a large number of closely spaced
discs partially in the air space
above the reactor.
TERTIARY TREATMENT
The purpose of tertiary
treatment is to provide a final
treatment stage to raise the
effluent quality before it is
discharged to the receiving
environment (sea, river, lake,
ground, etc.). More than one
tertiary treatment process may be
used at any treatment plant.
If disinfection is practiced, it is
always the final process. It is also
called "effluent polishing."
FILTRATION
Sand filtration removes
much of the residual
suspended matter. Filtration
over activated carbon, also
called carbon adsorption,
removes residual toxins.
CHLORINATION
Chlorination is a water treatment that
destroys disease-causing bacteria, nuisance
bacteria, parasites and other organisms.
Chlorination also oxidizes iron, manganese and
hydrogen sulfide so they can be filtered out.
SLUDGE DRYING
BED
When a liquid sludge is
produced, further treatment may be
required to make it suitable for
final disposal . Typically, sludge's
are thickened (dewatered) to reduce
the volumes transported off-site for
disposal. There is no process which
completely eliminates the need to
dispose of biosolids .

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SEWAGE TREATMENT

The settled and floating materials are removed

manually cleaned screen may be used .

Grit Chamber is a concrete tank designed to reduce the

Scum - composed of materials that float on water such as

Secondary treatment may require a

Aerobic Treatment and

In general, activated sludge

Biological films of bacteria,

Rotating biological contactor

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