N4 Mathematics

Mathematics
N4
Module 1: Equations, manipulations and word
problems
Factorise
To solve, let and be real numbers, variables, or algebraic expressions.
1. Write as sum or difference of two cubes.
2. Write in the factored form.
3. Simplify the factored form
www.futuremanagers.com
Module 1: Equations, manipulations and word problems (continued)
THE BASIC OPERATIONS &THE LAWS OF INDICES AND LOGARITHMS

Solving exponential formulas: Solving logarithmic formulas:
1. Isolate the exponential expression. 1. Isolate the logarithmic term.
2. Apply the logarithm to each side of 2. Transform the logarithmic
the formula, and then remove the formula to an exponential
variable in the exponent by using formula.
Logarithmic Laws. 3. Solve for the variable.
3. Solve for the variable.
SOLVE THREE SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS FOR THREE

UNKNOWN VARIABLES
SOLVE REAL-LIFE WORD PROBLEMS IN EQUATIONS

When an answer is needed to a mathematical problem that is described in
words as well as numbers, it is called a word problem. You find the solution
by setting up an equation that represents the problem, and then solve it.
Module 2: Determinants
WRITE SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS IN DETERMINANT NOTATION AND

EVALUATE BY APPLYING SARRUS’ RULE
First write the equations in the standard form. The coefficients of the
variables will be captured to form the determinants. Then, a second and third
order determinant will be evaluated using Sarrus’ rule:
Module 2: Determinants (continued)
IDENTIFY AND CALCULATE THE MINOR OF A THIRD ORDER

DETERMINATION
The Minor Expansion of a third order determinant requires the expansion of a
row or column. In terms of the minor expansion, the third order determinant
is defined as the sum of the product of the sign from the sign array for the
specific entry, the entry and the minor of the entry.
DEFINE AND DETERMINE THE COFACTOR OF THE MINOR

The cofactor of a minor is given as:
where and are the respective row and column of the element, and the
minor of the element.
CALCULATE DETERMINANTS OF THE SECOND AND THIRD ORDER

AND APPLY CRAMER’S RULE
Cramer’s rule is an alternative method to solving a system of linear
equations in three variables compared to the methods of substitution
and elimination.
Module 3: Complex numbers
WRITE COMPLEX NUMBERS IN THE RECTANGULAR (STANDARD)

FORM
A complex number can be represented in the rectangular form, that is
where and are real numbers, and is the imaginary unit with the property
Module 3: Complex numbers (continued)
WRITE COMPLEX NUMBERS IN THE POLAR (TRIGONOMETRIC) FORM.

A complex number can be represented in the polar form, that is
where is the modulus, the distance from the origin to a point and is the
argument, the positive angle measured from the positive real axis
anticlockwise.
SOLVE A QUADRATIC EQUATION WITH COMPLEX ROOTS

Steps for solving a quadratic equation with complex roots:
1. Write the quadratic equation in the standard form,
2. Record the numeric values of a (coefficient of ), (coefficient of ) and
(constant).
3. Substitute the numeric values of , and into the quadratic formula, and
write the solutions in standard (rectangular) form.
SOLVE COMPLEX EQUATIONS

To solve:
1. Write both sides of the complex equation in the standard (rectangular)
form, .
2. Equate the real parts, and imaginary parts, .
3. Compute the unknown variables.
4. Verify the solution.
Module 4: Trigonometry
APPLY THE CONCEPT OF NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE ANGLES TO ALL

THE CALCULATIONS RELEVANT TO THE SYLLABUS
Measuring angles from the positive

axis in a counter clockwise rotation
yields a positive angle and the
clockwise rotation yields a negative
angle.
Module 4: Trigonometry (continued)
APPLY THE IDENTITIES FOR , , AND .

The sum and difference identities are also referred to as the compound angle
or composite angle identities.
Strategy for using the sum and difference identities:
1. Rewrite the angle as a compound angle, that is, .
2. Expand the appropriate compound angle identity, that is, sine, cosine
and tangent.
DERIVE THE IDENTITIES FOR , , , , , , AND AND APPLY

The double angle identities are derived from the compound angle identities.
This gives:
DERIVE THE CO-RATIOS , , AND AND APPLY

The compound angle identities can also be used to derive co-function
identities.
This gives:
APPLY THE IDENTITIES TO SOLVE TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS:

1. Rewrite the equation in terms of one trigonometric function if possible by
using trigonometric identities.
2. Determine whether the equation is linear or quadratic.
3. Apply factorising techniques.
4. Solve the trigonometric equation and verify the solutions with the desired
interval.
APPLY THE IDENTITIES TO SIMPLIFY TRIGONOMETRIC EXPRESSIONS

1. Simplify the individual functions by using the trigonometric knowledge
outlined.
2. Rewrite the simplified trigonometric functions in terms of sine and cosine.
3. Simplify the sine and cosine trigonometric functions.
APPLY THE IDENTITIES TO PROVE TRIGONEMTRIC IDENTITIES

1. Identify the more complicated side.
2. Simplify the trigonometric functions.
3. Rewrite the simplified trigonometric functions in Step 2 in terms of sine
and cosine.
4. Simplify the sine and cosine trigonometric functions in Step 3.
5. Verify whether the selected side in Step 1 is equal to the other side.
DRAW TRIGONOMETRIC SKETCH GRAPHS OF ;

AND for
1. Sketch the basic trigonometric graph.
2. Identify the amplitude and modify the basic graph.
3. Identify the frequency and modify the graph in Step 2.
4. Identify the phase angle and modify the graph in Step 3.
5. Identify the vertical shift and modify the graph in Step 4.
6. Modify the graph to fit the given domain.
DRAW RECIPROCAL TRIGONOMETRIC SKETCH GRAPHS OF

, AND FOR
1. Write the reciprocal trigonometric equation in terms of sin, cos or tan.
2. Compute points by means of the table method.
3. Create a Cartesian coordinate system.
4. Draw the reciprocal trigonometric graph and clearly show the asymptotes,
and turning points and x-intercepts where applicable.
Module 5: Sketch graphs
IDENTIFY CHARACTERISTICS IN RESPECT OF FUNCTIONS AND NON-

FUNCTIONS
• Domain and range;
• Independent and dependent variable;
• Functions and non-functions;
• Points of symmetry with reference to an axis or the lines ;
• Continuous and discontinuous functions or non-functions; and
• Inverse functions and non-functions.
Module 5: Sketch graphs (continued)
DRAW NEAT SKETCH GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS AND NON-FUNCTIONS

• Centred hyperbola ;
• Straight line graph ;
• Exponential and logarithmic graph and ;
• Circle and semi-circle graph ;
and
• Rectangular hyperbola ;
• Parabola.
• Ellipse ;
Module 6: Limits and differentiation
APPLY THE THEOREMS ON LIMITS TO CALCULATE LIMITS USING

ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS AND QUOTIENTS
Several different techniques are used to evaluate limits of determinate forms.
The strategy for using limits is:
1. Evaluate limits by applying direct substitution.
2. If Step 1 yields indeterminate forms or , then apply one of the remaining
techniques.
Module 6: Limits and differentiation (continued)
GIVE THE BINOMIAL THEOREM IN GENERAL TERMS

The general term of the binomial expression is:
APPLY THE BINOMIAL THEOREM WITH RATIONAL INDICES TO

EXPAND A SIMPLE BINOMIAL TO FOUR TERMS
Strategy for using the generalised version of the binomial theorem:
1. Write the expression in the form .
2. Expand the expression using the generalised version of the binomial
theorem.
3. Simplify the expansion.
DEFINE DIFFERENTIATION AS RATE OF CHANGE AND DERIVE THE

EXPRESSION OR FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES WITH THE AID OF A
SKETCH
Strategy for determining the derivative from first principles:
1. Replace in the given function with , that is, .
2. Simplify the numerator, that is, .
3. Remove the common factor and simplify by cancelling the.
4. Substitute and simplify.
DETERMINE OF THE STANDARD FORMS: ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; , AND

Strategy for determining derivatives of standard functions:
1. Rewrite the original function in the format of the standard differentiation
formulas.
2. Differentiate the rewritten function.
APPLY THE CHAIN RULE TO A FUNCTION OF A FUNCTION TO DETERMINE

THE FIRST DERIVATIVES.
1. Substitute for the composite functions, and rewrite the composite functions in
terms of .
2. Compute and .
3. Multiply and to find .
4. Rewrite the resulting derivative in terms ofand simplify.
APPLY THE DERIVATIVES TO FIND THE FIRST DERIVATIVES OF

POLYNOMIALS
Strategy for determining derivatives of polynomials:

1. Rewrite the derivative of a polynomial as separate derivatives by using
the sum and/or difference rule for differentiation.
2. Differentiate each individual function.
APPLY THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES FOR DIFFERENTIATION

TO DIFFERENTIATE SIMPLE PRODUCTS AND QUOTIENTS
Strategy for determining the Product rule and Quotient rule:
1. Select and , and compute and .
2. Substitute , , and into the Product or Quotient rule.
3. Simplify the Product rule or Quotient rule.
Module 7: Integration
UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF INTEGRATION AS A SUMMATION

FUNCTION AND AS THE INVERSE OF DIFFERENTIATION
Differentiation and integration (antiderivative) are inverse processes. The
integration is denoted by an integral sign .
Module 7: Integration (continued)
APPLY STANDARD FORMS OF INTEGRALS AS THE INVERSE OF

DIFFERENTIATION
Strategy for determining integrals of standard functions:

1. Rewrite the original integral in the standard integration formulas format.
2. Integrate the rewritten integral and include a constant of integration.
3. Verify the solution by differentiating.
INTEGRATE COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

Strategy for determining integrals of composite functions:
1. Substitute for the composite functions , and for the composite functions
and .
2. Compute or . and rewrite the integral in terms of .
3. Integrate in terms of and include the constant of integration.
4. Rewrite the resulting integral in terms of and verify the solution by
differentiating.
INTEGRATE POLYNOMIALS
Strategy for determining integrals of polynomials

1. Rewrite the integral of a polynomial as separate integrals by using the
sum and/or difference rule for integration.
2. Integrate each individual integral.
3. Verify the solution by differentiating.
CALCULATE DEFINITE INTEGRALS OF FUNCTIONS

The definite integral is an extension of the indefinite integral, that is, the
evaluation of the antiderivative that yields a number.
Strategy for determining definite integrals:
1. Rewrite the original integral in the standard integration formulas format.
2. Integrate the rewritten integral.
3. Evaluate the antiderivative, that is, the upper limit evaluation minus the
lower limit evaluation.
DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE OF AN AREA INCLUDED BY A CURVE

AND THE -AXIS, OR BY A CURVE, THE -AXIS AND THE ORDINATES
AND , WHERE AND ARE INTEGERS
Strategy for determining area by means of integration:
1. Identify whether the shaded required area(s) are above the -axis.
2. Indicate the representative strip and limits of integration.
3. Write down the area of representative strip, that is,
4. Compute the total area by using the definite integral.

N4 Mathematics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

N4 Mathematics

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

N4 Mathematics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mathematics

THE BASIC OPERATIONS &THE LAWS OF INDICES AND LOGARITHMS

SOLVE THREE SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS FOR THREE

SOLVE REAL-LIFE WORD PROBLEMS IN EQUATIONS

WRITE SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS IN DETERMINANT NOTATION AND

IDENTIFY AND CALCULATE THE MINOR OF A THIRD ORDER

DEFINE AND DETERMINE THE COFACTOR OF THE MINOR

CALCULATE DETERMINANTS OF THE SECOND AND THIRD ORDER

WRITE COMPLEX NUMBERS IN THE RECTANGULAR (STANDARD)

WRITE COMPLEX NUMBERS IN THE POLAR (TRIGONOMETRIC) FORM.

SOLVE A QUADRATIC EQUATION WITH COMPLEX ROOTS

SOLVE COMPLEX EQUATIONS

APPLY THE CONCEPT OF NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE ANGLES TO ALL

Measuring angles from the positive

APPLY THE IDENTITIES FOR , , AND .

DERIVE THE IDENTITIES FOR , , , , , , AND AND APPLY

DERIVE THE CO-RATIOS , , AND AND APPLY

APPLY THE IDENTITIES TO SOLVE TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS:

APPLY THE IDENTITIES TO SIMPLIFY TRIGONOMETRIC EXPRESSIONS

APPLY THE IDENTITIES TO PROVE TRIGONEMTRIC IDENTITIES

DRAW TRIGONOMETRIC SKETCH GRAPHS OF ;

DRAW RECIPROCAL TRIGONOMETRIC SKETCH GRAPHS OF

IDENTIFY CHARACTERISTICS IN RESPECT OF FUNCTIONS AND NON-

DRAW NEAT SKETCH GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS AND NON-FUNCTIONS

APPLY THE THEOREMS ON LIMITS TO CALCULATE LIMITS USING

GIVE THE BINOMIAL THEOREM IN GENERAL TERMS

APPLY THE BINOMIAL THEOREM WITH RATIONAL INDICES TO

DEFINE DIFFERENTIATION AS RATE OF CHANGE AND DERIVE THE

DETERMINE OF THE STANDARD FORMS: ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; , AND

APPLY THE CHAIN RULE TO A FUNCTION OF A FUNCTION TO DETERMINE

APPLY THE DERIVATIVES TO FIND THE FIRST DERIVATIVES OF

Strategy for determining derivatives of polynomials:

APPLY THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES FOR DIFFERENTIATION

UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF INTEGRATION AS A SUMMATION

APPLY STANDARD FORMS OF INTEGRALS AS THE INVERSE OF

Strategy for determining integrals of standard functions:

INTEGRATE COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

Strategy for determining integrals of polynomials

CALCULATE DEFINITE INTEGRALS OF FUNCTIONS

DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE OF AN AREA INCLUDED BY A CURVE

You might also like