Spheres of The Earth

SPHERES OF THE EARTH
EARTH SYSTEMS
OVERVIEW
 The Earth is a system consisting of four (4) major interacting components
 THE ATMOSPHERE
 THE HYDROSPHERE
 THE LITHOSPHERE
 THE BIOSPHERE
WHAT IS THE EARTH’S
ATMOSPHERE?
 From the Latin word Atmosphaera, atmos – “vapor,steam,odor” and sphaira “ ball, globe”
 Mostly made of invinsible gases that surround the Earth
 Contains the air we breathe.
 Composition of Atmosphere
78 % Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
1 % Trace Gases ( Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Argon etc)
 Traps Heat Energy from the Sun.
 Greenhouse effect keeps the planet warm.
 Some important roles of the Atmosphere:

Contains gases that living things need to survive
Transfer heat
Acts as a shield from excess ultraviolet radiation
THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
 Earth surrounded by a blanket of air, which we call “ATMOSPHERE”
 Reaches over 560 km (348 miles) up from the surface of the Earth
 Consist of 5 unique layers (troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere
DIFFERENCES OF THE 5 UNIQUE LAYERS OF
ATMOSPHERE
1. TROPOSPHERE
 Lowest layer of the atmosphere
 Most clouds are found and most weathers occur in this layer.
 The layer that has the air we breathe
 Most light aircraft and turboprop aircraft fly within it.
2. STRATOSPHERE
Second layer of the atmosphere
- Few clouds are found in this layer
- characterized by a rise in temperature with altitude
- Presence of Ozone Layer
Jet Aircraft and Weather Balloons
3. MESOSPHERE
Third layer of the Earth’s Atmosphere
Temperature decreases with height throughout the
Mesosphere.
Most meteors vaporize in the Mesosphere
4. THERMOSPHERE
The fourth layer of the Earth’s Atmosphere
Temperatures climb sharply in the lower
Thermosphere, then level off and hold fairly

steady with increasing altitude above that height.
Solar activity strongly influences temperature in
this layer.
-The air density is so low in this layer
DID YOU KNOW?
5. EXOSPHERE
 the uppermost region of the Earth’s atmosphere
The air in the exosphere is extremely thin
Space Shuttles and Sattelites
HOW DO HUMAN ACTIONS AFFECT THE ATMOSPHERE?
 NEGATIVE
1. Aerosols – depletes ozone layer
2. Driving cars – add excess greenhouse gases to the atmosphere
3. Burning Tires /Garbage - add harmful gases to the atmosphere
 POSITIVE
1. Hybrid vehicles –
2. Alternative power sources
3. Tree planting
EARTH’S HYDROSPHERE
 Part of the Earth that is liquid water.
 Always moving through all spheres.
 71 % of the Earth’s surface is the ocean.
Some important roles of Hydrosphere

1. Moderates climate
2. Transfer Heat
3. Organisms need water to transport nutrients and waste
EARTH’S HYDROSPHERE
 Contains all the water found in the planet
 Water found in Earth’s surface of our planet includes
the ocean as well as water from lakes, rivers, streams

and creeks.
 Water found under the surface trapped in the soil
and groundwater
 Water found in the atmosphere
 Frozen water on our planet
HOW DO HUMAN ACTIONS AFFECT THE
HYDROSPHERE?
 NEGATIVE
1. Improper sewage disposal
2. Discharge of toxic chemicals
3. Acid rain
4. Pesticides/Herbicides
 POSITIVE
1. Conservation of water
2. Conservation of energy
3. Reduce of water pollutants
THE EARTH’S
LITHOSPHERE
 Mostly solid, rocky parts of the Earth
 Divided into 3 layers
1. Crust
2. Mantle
3. Core
Outer Core
Inner Core
 The lithosphere is the solid Earth that
includes the continental and ocean crust

as well as the various layers of the Earth’s
interior.
 94% of the Earth is composed of elements
Oxygen, silicon, and magnesium
 The lithosphere of the Earth is not static, but
the surface is in constant state of motion
 Mineral resources are mined in the
lithosphere
HOW DO HUMAN ACTIONS AFFECT THE LITHOSPHERE?
 NEGATIVE
1. Mining – strips the Earth’s nutrients
2. Littering/Use of non-recyclables – ends at landfills and contaminates the soil
3. Construction
4. Pesticides – add unnatural chemicals to soil
5. Deforestation
 POSITIVE
1. Composting – can decrease the amount of garbage
2. Conservation areas/ Provincial Parks – preserve/protect the land
3. Tree planting
 POSITIVE
4. Gardening/ Green rooftops – regreen the landscape areas
THE BIOSPHERE, ECOLOGY AND
ECOSYSTEM
Prepared by: Edward a. Araneta
Bse social studies 4
WHAT IS BIOSPHERE?
 The biosphere come from Greek word bíos means "life" and sphaira
means "sphere")
 Also known as ecosphere come from Greek word oikos means
environment
 It can also be termed the cycle of life on Earth.
HOW’S BIOSPHERE AND ITS FUNCTION?
 The biosphere functions as the planet's life support system.
 Economic development that is socio-culturally and environmentally
sustainable.
ECOLOGY
 a term derived from Greek meaning learning about “logos” the
ecosystems, where “eco” comes from the Greek word “oikos” meaning
“household” (Odum and Barrett 2005)
 It means learning about the life of populations and animals too.
ECOSYSTEM
 ecosystem derives from the Greek oikos, meaning "home," and systema,
or "system."
 What are the terms for ecosystem?
 Biotic factors are living things (eg plants and animals) and abiotic factors are
non-living things (eg. soil, water, air, light, nutrients).
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM
 Ecology is that the former refers to the structure of an environment, where ecology refers
to the study of organisms and their interactions within an ecosystem. Ecosystems are
complex systems that can be thought of as collections of organisms that work together to
support life.
THE HUMANSPHERE AND
GROWTH POPULATION
WHAT IS HUMAN SPHERE?
 One of the highest stage of biospheric development, that of humankind's
rational activities.
 Comprises of human, its various products and environments of both
natural and artificial characters.
 It is the core realm for the life support system of human on the earth
GROWTH POPULATION
The change in population over time for a particular place

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SPHERES OF THE EARTH

 Some important roles of the Atmosphere:

Thermosphere, then level off and hold fairly

Some important roles of Hydrosphere

the ocean as well as water from lakes, rivers, streams

includes the continental and ocean crust

Oxygen, silicon, and magnesium

 The lithosphere of the Earth is not static, but

the surface is in constant state of motion

 Mineral resources are mined in the

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