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    Group 7

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    thibaulescroart
    The document discusses the properties of Group 7 (halogen) elements (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine). Key points: 1) The halogens are reactive nonmetals that exist as diatomic molecules. 2) Their melting and boiling points increase down the group as the molecules get bigger. 3) They react with metals to form ionic halide salts, and with nonmetals to form covalent molecular compounds. 4) Their reactivity decreases down the group (F > Cl > Br > I).

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    Group 7

    Uploaded by

    thibaulescroart
    4 views12 pages
    The document discusses the properties of Group 7 (halogen) elements (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine). Key points: 1) The halogens are reactive nonmetals that exist as diatomic molecules. 2) Their melting and boiling points increase down the group as the molecules get bigger. 3) They react with metals to form ionic halide salts, and with nonmetals to form covalent molecular compounds. 4) Their reactivity decreases down the group (F > Cl > Br > I).

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    The document discusses the properties of Group 7 (halogen) elements (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine). Key points: 1) The halogens are reactive nonmetals that exist as diatomic molecules. 2) Their melting and boiling points increase down the group as the molecules get bigger. 3) They react with metals to form ionic halide salts, and with nonmetals to form covalent molecular compounds. 4) Their reactivity decreases down the group (F > Cl > Br > I).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    4 views12 pages

    Group 7

    Uploaded by

    thibaulescroart
    The document discusses the properties of Group 7 (halogen) elements (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine). Key points: 1) The halogens are reactive nonmetals that exist as diatomic molecules. 2) Their melting and boiling points increase down the group as the molecules get bigger. 3) They react with metals to form ionic halide salts, and with nonmetals to form covalent molecular compounds. 4) Their reactivity decreases down the group (F > Cl > Br > I).

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    Group 7

    Proton Electron Melting Boiling


    Element Symbol State at RTP Colour
    Number configuration point oC point oC

    Fluorine

    Chlorine

    Bromine

    Iodine
    • Are also called the HALOGENS
    • Are all non-metallic elements
    • Exist as diatomic molecules ( two atoms
    covalently bond to form a molecule)
    e.g. chlorine Cl2, bromine Br2 etc.
    • Have 7 electrons in the outer electron
    energy sub-level
    • Are therefore 1 electron short of achieving
    a full outer level
    • Their melting and boiling points
    INCREASE down the group
    • They change from GASES at the top to
    SOLIDS down the bottom
    • This is because the molecules get bigger
    • So the attractive forces between the
    molecules get stronger
    • They vaporise easily and their vapours are
    coloured
    fluorine is a yellow gas
    chlorine is a green gas
    bromine
    dark red liquid → red-brown gas
    iodine
    dark grey solid → purple gas
    Reactions of Group 7
    • They are all reactive elements
    • They react with metals and non-
    metals
    • They form compounds with metallic
    elements which contain IONS
    • The halogen atom gains ONE
    electron to become a HALIDE ion
    e.g. sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride

    The chlorine atom (Cl - 2,8,7) gains 1e- to form


    the chloride ion (Cl- - 2,8,8)
    • They form compounds with non-
    metallic elements which contain
    simple molecules
    • The atoms share pairs of electrons
    (called covalent bonds)
    e.g. phosphorus + chlorine → phosphorus
    trichloride
    • The reactivity DECREASES down the group
    • Consider the reaction with hydrogen:
    hydrogen
    fluorine mixture EXPLODES even in the dark
    chlorine mixture EXPLODES when heated or
    exposed to sunlight
    bromine mild explosion when bromine vapour
    mixed with hydrogen is exposed
    to a flame
    iodine reversible reaction when iodine vapour
    and hydrogen mixture is heated
    Reaction with hydrogen
    • Products are the HYDROGEN HALIDES
    • Have the formula HX (where X=halogen)
    e.g. hydrogen + chlorine → hydrogen chloride

    • Products are colourless gases at RTP


    • They dissolve readily in water to form
    acidic solutions
    e.g. hydrogen chloride → hydrochloric acid
    HCl (g) + H2O → HCl (aq)
    Reaction with iron
    • The iron burns in chlorine
    • Product is IRON(III) CHLORIDE
    • Product is red-brown solid at RTP
    Fe (g) + Cl2 (g) → FeCl3 (s)
    Displacement Reactions

    • The reactivity DECREASES down the group


    • Therefore a more reactive halogen will
    displace a less reactive halogen from one of its
    salts
    • These reactions are evidence of the trend in
    reactivity
    i.e. F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2
    Displacement Reactions
    e.g. chlorine will react with sodium
    bromide solution to form bromine and
    sodium chloride
    NaBr (aq) + Cl2 (g) → Br2 (aq) + NaCl (aq)

    The solution will change colour from colourless


    to orange (the colour of bromine in solution)

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