This document provides an introduction to computer organization and architecture. It discusses the differences between architecture, which defines the programming interface, and organization, which defines the internal implementation. Architecture defines the instruction set and data representation, while organization defines the control signals and hardware implementation. The document outlines the functional components of a computer system including data processing, storage, movement, and control. It provides a high-level overview of the structure of a basic computer system including the CPU, memory, and I/O.
This document provides an introduction to computer organization and architecture. It discusses the differences between architecture, which defines the programming interface, and organization, which defines the internal implementation. Architecture defines the instruction set and data representation, while organization defines the control signals and hardware implementation. The document outlines the functional components of a computer system including data processing, storage, movement, and control. It provides a high-level overview of the structure of a basic computer system including the CPU, memory, and I/O.
This document provides an introduction to computer organization and architecture. It discusses the differences between architecture, which defines the programming interface, and organization, which defines the internal implementation. Architecture defines the instruction set and data representation, while organization defines the control signals and hardware implementation. The document outlines the functional components of a computer system including data processing, storage, movement, and control. It provides a high-level overview of the structure of a basic computer system including the CPU, memory, and I/O.
This document provides an introduction to computer organization and architecture. It discusses the differences between architecture, which defines the programming interface, and organization, which defines the internal implementation. Architecture defines the instruction set and data representation, while organization defines the control signals and hardware implementation. The document outlines the functional components of a computer system including data processing, storage, movement, and control. It provides a high-level overview of the structure of a basic computer system including the CPU, memory, and I/O.
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Computer Organization and
Architecture
Chapter 1 Introduction Architecture & Organization 1 • Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer —Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. —e.g. Is there a multiply instruction? • Organization is how features are implemented —Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. —e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition? Architecture & Organization 2 • All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture • The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture
• This gives code compatibility
—At least backwards • Organization differs between different versions Structure & Function • Structure is the way in which components relate to each other • Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure Function • All computer functions are: —Data processing —Data storage —Data movement —Control Functional View Operations (a) Data movement Operations (b) Storage Operation (c) Processing from/to storage Operation (d) Processing from storage to I/O Structure - Top Level
Peripherals Computer
Central Main Processing Memory Unit
Computer Systems Interconnection
Input Output Communication lines Structure - The CPU
CPU
Computer Arithmetic Registers and I/O Login Unit System CPU Bus Internal CPU Memory Interconnection
Control Unit Structure - The Control Unit
Control Unit
CPU Sequencing ALU Login Control Internal Unit Bus Control Unit Registers Registers and Decoders
Control Memory Outline of the Book (2) • CPU Structure and Function • Reduced Instruction Set Computers • Superscalar Processors • Control Unit Operation • Microprogrammed Control • Multiprocessors and Vector Processing • Digital Logic (Appendix)
