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Computer Organization and Architecture

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This document provides an introduction to computer organization and architecture. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to the programmer, such as the instruction set and data representation. Organization refers to how these architectural features are implemented in terms of control signals and interfaces. Both architecture and organization can differ between systems, but maintaining the same architecture allows for code compatibility. The document then discusses the basic functions of computers as data processing, storage, movement, and control. It provides a high-level overview of the structure of a computer system in terms of the CPU, memory, and I/O components and their interconnections.

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Computer Organization and Architecture

Uploaded by

assad
29 views13 pages
This document provides an introduction to computer organization and architecture. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to the programmer, such as the instruction set and data representation. Organization refers to how these architectural features are implemented in terms of control signals and interfaces. Both architecture and organization can differ between systems, but maintaining the same architecture allows for code compatibility. The document then discusses the basic functions of computers as data processing, storage, movement, and control. It provides a high-level overview of the structure of a computer system in terms of the CPU, memory, and I/O components and their interconnections.

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01 Introduction

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This document provides an introduction to computer organization and architecture. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to the programmer, such as the instruction set and data representation. Organization refers to how these architectural features are implemented in terms of control signals and interfaces. Both architecture and organization can differ between systems, but maintaining the same architecture allows for code compatibility. The document then discusses the basic functions of computers as data processing, storage, movement, and control. It provides a high-level overview of the structure of a computer system in terms of the CPU, memory, and I/O components and their interconnections.

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© All Rights Reserved
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
29 views13 pages

Computer Organization and Architecture

Uploaded by

assad
This document provides an introduction to computer organization and architecture. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to the programmer, such as the instruction set and data representation. Organization refers to how these architectural features are implemented in terms of control signals and interfaces. Both architecture and organization can differ between systems, but maintaining the same architecture allows for code compatibility. The document then discusses the basic functions of computers as data processing, storage, movement, and control. It provides a high-level overview of the structure of a computer system in terms of the CPU, memory, and I/O components and their interconnections.

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Computer Organization

and Architecture
Chapter 1
Introduction
Architecture & Organization 1
 Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer
 Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms,
addressing techniques.
 e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
 Organization is how features are implemented
 Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.
 e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?
Architecture & Organization 2

 All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture


 The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture

 This gives code compatibility


 At least backwards
 Organization differs between different versions
Structure & Function

 Structure is the way in which components relate to each other


 Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure
Function

 All computer functions are:


 Data processing
 Data storage
 Data movement
 Control
Functional View
Operations (a) Data movement
Operations (b) Storage
Operation (c) Processing from/to storage
Operation (d)
Processing from storage to I/O
Structure - Top Level

Peripherals Computer

Central Main
Processing Memory
Unit

Computer
Systems
Interconnection

Input
Output
Communication
lines
Structure - The CPU

CPU

Computer Arithmetic
Registers and
I/O Login Unit
System CPU
Bus
Internal CPU
Memory Interconnection

Control
Unit
Structure - The Control Unit

Control Unit

CPU
Sequencing
ALU Login
Control
Internal
Unit
Bus
Control Unit
Registers Registers and
Decoders

Control
Memory

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