The document introduces the concepts of computer organization and architecture. It discusses that architecture refers to attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets, while organization is how features are implemented internally. It also explains that structure is how components relate, while function is what individual components do as part of the structure. The main functions of a computer are data processing, storage, movement, and control.
The document introduces the concepts of computer organization and architecture. It discusses that architecture refers to attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets, while organization is how features are implemented internally. It also explains that structure is how components relate, while function is what individual components do as part of the structure. The main functions of a computer are data processing, storage, movement, and control.
The document introduces the concepts of computer organization and architecture. It discusses that architecture refers to attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets, while organization is how features are implemented internally. It also explains that structure is how components relate, while function is what individual components do as part of the structure. The main functions of a computer are data processing, storage, movement, and control.
The document introduces the concepts of computer organization and architecture. It discusses that architecture refers to attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets, while organization is how features are implemented internally. It also explains that structure is how components relate, while function is what individual components do as part of the structure. The main functions of a computer are data processing, storage, movement, and control.
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Computer Organization
and Architecture Chapter 1 Introduction Why should we study this subject?
The subject explores how machines are designed, built, and operate. Knowing what's inside and how it works will help you design, develop, and implement applications better, faster, cheaper, more efficient, and easier to use because you will be able to make informed decisions. Architecture & Organization 1
Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer
Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. e.g. Is there a multiple instruction? Organization is how features are implemented Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. e.g. Is there a hardware multiple unit or is it done by repeated addition? Architecture & Organization 2
All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture
The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture
This gives code compatibility
At least backwards Organization differs between different versions Structure & Function
Structure is the way in which components relate to each other
Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure Function
All computer functions are:
Data processing Data storage Data movement Control Functional View Operations (a) Data movement Operations (b) Storage Operation (c) Processing from/to storage Operation (d) Processing from storage to I/O Structure - Top Level
Peripherals Computer
Central Main Processing Memory Unit
Computer Systems Interconnection
Input Output Communication lines Structure - The CPU
CPU
Computer Arithmetic Registers and I/O Login Unit System CPU Bus Internal CPU Memory Interconnection
Control Unit Structure - The Control Unit
Control Unit
CPU Sequencing ALU Login Control Internal Unit Bus Control Unit Registers Registers and Decoders
