The document discusses computer organization and architecture. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to programmers, like instruction sets, while organization is how features are implemented internally. It describes the basic structure of a computer system including the CPU, main memory, I/O, and interconnections. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit, registers, and a control unit which sequences operations and controls data movement.
The document discusses computer organization and architecture. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to programmers, like instruction sets, while organization is how features are implemented internally. It describes the basic structure of a computer system including the CPU, main memory, I/O, and interconnections. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit, registers, and a control unit which sequences operations and controls data movement.
The document discusses computer organization and architecture. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to programmers, like instruction sets, while organization is how features are implemented internally. It describes the basic structure of a computer system including the CPU, main memory, I/O, and interconnections. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit, registers, and a control unit which sequences operations and controls data movement.
The document discusses computer organization and architecture. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to programmers, like instruction sets, while organization is how features are implemented internally. It describes the basic structure of a computer system including the CPU, main memory, I/O, and interconnections. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit, registers, and a control unit which sequences operations and controls data movement.
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Computer Organization and Architecture
Module 1 : Introduction Text Book V. Carl. Hamacher and Zaky , Computer Organization, TMH, 4th International edition. Mano, Computer System Architecture, PHI, 3rd edition. Outline Overview The Computer System The CPU The Control Unit Parallel Organization Architecture & Organization Architecture include those attributes which are visible to the programmer Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. e.g. Is there a multiply instruction? Organization is how features are implemented Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition? Architecture & Organization All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture
This gives code compatibility
At least backwards Organization differs between different versions Why Computer Organization
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extremetech, anandtech Why Computer Organization Must know how to reason about program performance and energy Memory management: if we understand how/where data is placed, we can help ensure that relevant data is nearby Thread management: if we understand how threads interact, we can write smarter multi- threaded programs Why do we care about multi-threaded programs? Structure & Function Structure is the way in which components relate to each other Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure Functional Components Functional Components Function All computer functions are: Data processing Data storage Data movement Control Operations (1) Data movement Operations (2) Storage Operation (3) Processing from/to storage Operation (4) Processing from storage to I/O Structure The Computer CPU – Controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions. Main memory – Stores data I/O – Moves data between the computer and its external environment System interconnection – Provides for communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O Structure - Top Level
Peripherals Computer
Central Main Processing Memory Unit
Computer Systems Interconnection
Input Output Communication lines Structure - The CPU
CPU
Computer Arithmetic Registers and I/O Logic Unit System CPU Bus Internal CPU Memory Interconnection
Control Unit Structure - The Control Unit
Control Unit
CPU Sequencing ALU Logic Control Internal Unit Bus Control Unit Registers Registers and Decoders
