Ec5040 16.02.2024

EC5040
Electric Machines
Eng (Ms).S.Nithusiga
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
16th February 2024

Relationship between electrical frequency and speed of field
rotation
The relationship
between the electrical
angle e (current’s
phase change) and the
mechanical angle m
(at which the magnetic
field rotates) in this
situation is:
e  2m
Therefore, for a four-pole stator:

Relationship between electrical frequency and speed of field
rotation
For an AC machine with P poles in its stator:
e  P2  m
P
fe  2 fm
e  2P m
Relating the electrical frequency to the motors speed in rpm:
f e  P nm
120
Induced voltage in AC machines
Just as a 3-phase set of currents in a stator can produce a rotating magnetic field, a rotating
magnetic field can produce a 3-phase set of voltages in the coils of a stator.
The induced voltage in a single coil on a two-pole stator
Assume that a rotor with a sinusoidally distributed
magnetic field rotates in the center of a stationary coil.
We further assume that the magnitude of the flux density B in stator

the air gap between the rotor and the stator varies sinusoidally coil
with mechanical angle, while its direction is always radially
outward.
Note, that this is an ideal flux
distribution.
The magnitude of the flux
density vector at a point
around the rotor is
B  BM cos
Where  is the angle from the Flux density in a gap
direction of peak flux intensity.
Since the rotor is rotating within the stator at an angular velocity

m, the magnitude of the flux density vector at any angle  around
the stator is
B  BM cos t   
The voltage induced in a wire is

eind  v  B 
Here v is the velocity of the wire relative tol the magnetic field
B is the magnetic flux density vector
l is the length of conductor in the magnetic field
However, this equation was derived for a moving wire in a stationary magnetic
field. In our situation, the wire is stationary and the magnetic field rotates.
Therefore, the equation needs to be modified: we need to change reference such
way that the field appears as stationary.
The total voltage induced in the coil is a sum of the voltages induced in each of its four sides. These voltages are:
1. Segment ab:  = 1800; assuming that B is radially outward from the rotor, the angle between v and B is 900, so
eba  v  B  I  vBM l cos m t 180 

2. Segment bc: the voltage will be zero since the vectors (v x B) and l are perpendicular.
ecb  v  B  I  0
3.Segment cd:  = 00; assuming that B is radially outward from the rotor, the angle between v and B is 900, so
edc  v  B  I  vBM l cos m t 
4. Segment da: the voltage will be zero since the vectors (v x B) and l are perpendicular.
ead  v  B  I  0
 
Therefore, the total voltage on the coil is:
 eba  edc  vBM l cos(m t 180)  vBM l

eind
cos m t
 cos    cos    2vBM l cos m t
Since the velocity of the end conductor is v  rm
Then:  2rlBM m cos m t
eind
The flux passing through a coil is   2rlBM
Therefore:  m
eind
cos 
Finally, if the stator coil has N turns ofm twire, the total induced voltage in the
C
coil:
 NCm cosmt
eind
The induced voltage in a 3-phase set of coils
In three coils, each of NC turns, placed around the rotor magnetic field, the
induced in each coil will have the same magnitude and phases differing by 1200:
eaa ' (t)  N Cm cos m t
ebb ' (t)  N Cm cos m t 120 
ecc ' (t)  N Cm cos m t 

A 3-phase set of currents can generate a
240 rotating magnetic field in a
uniform
machine stator, and a uniform rotating
magnetic field can generate a 3-phase set
of voltages in such stator.
The rms voltage in a 3-phase stator
The peak voltage in any phase of a 3-phase stator is:

Emax  NCm
For a 2-pole stator:  m   e    2 f
Thus: Emax  2 N C f
The rms voltage in any phase of a 2-pole 3-phase stator is:
2
E  2 NC  f  2 NC 
A
f
The rms voltage at the terminals will depend on the type of stator connection: if
the stator is Y-connected, the terminal voltage will be 3EA .
For the delta connection, it will be just EA.
Induced voltage: Example
Example : The peak flux density of the rotor magnetic field in a simple 2-pole 3-phase
generator is 0.2 T; the mechanical speed of rotation is 3600 rpm; the stator diameter is 0.5
m; the length of its coil is 0.3 m and each coil consists of 15 turns of wire. The machine
is Y-connected.
a) What are the 3-phase voltages of the generator as a function of time?
b) What is the rms phase voltage of the generator?
c) What is the rms terminal voltage of the generator?
The flux in this machine is given by

  2rlB  dlB  0.5  0.3 0.2  0.03Wb
The rotor speed is
3600  2 rad
  377
60
Induced voltage: Example
a) The magnitude of the peak phase voltage is

Emax  NC  15  0.03 377  169.7
V voltages are:
and the three phase
eaa ' (t)  169.7 sin 377t 
ebb ' (t)  169.7 sin 377t
120 
169.7
E A  Emax   120 V
ecc ' (t)  169.7 sin2377t 
2
c) For a Y-connected generator, its terminal voltage is
240 
VT  is
b) The rms voltage of the generator 3 120  208 V

Ec5040 16.02.2024

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ec5040 16.02.2024

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ec5040 16.02.2024

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EC5040

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

16th February 2024

Therefore, for a four-pole stator:

We further assume that the magnitude of the flux density B in stator

Since the rotor is rotating within the stator at an angular velocity

The voltage induced in a wire is

eba  v  B  I  vBM l cos m t 180 

Therefore, the total voltage on the coil is:

 eba  edc  vBM l cos(m t 180)  vBM l

eaa ' (t)  N Cm cos m t

ebb ' (t)  N Cm cos m t 120 

ecc ' (t)  N Cm cos m t 

The peak voltage in any phase of a 3-phase stator is:

For a 2-pole stator:  m   e    2 f

The flux in this machine is given by

a) The magnitude of the peak phase voltage is

eaa ' (t)  169.7 sin 377t 

ebb ' (t)  169.7 sin 377t

You might also like