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CHAPTER -4- DATA HANDLING
WHAT IS DATA HANDLING?
Data handling means collecting the
set of data and presenting in a different form. Data is a collection of numerical figures that represents a particular kind of information. GROUPED DATA
Frequency Frequency is the number of
times that a particular observation/event occurs. For example, if four students have
scored between 60 to 70 marks, then
frequency of 60 to 70 marks is 4. GROUPED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
In a grouped frequency distribution a large amount of raw data is represented by making groups or class intervals and obtain a frequency distribution of the number of observations falling in each group. EXAMPLE He marks scored(out of 100) by the students of class 10th are given below: 93,98,87,65,75,77,67,88,67,97,72,73,7 5,90. 60-70, 70-80, 80-90, 90-100 are the class intervals. In the class interval 60-70, 60 is the lower limit and 70 is the upper limit. Class width or size = upper limit – lower limit TALLY MARKS
Tally marks are defined in the unary numeral
system. It is a form of numeral used for counting. The general way of writing tally marks is as a group or set of five lines. The first four lines are drawn vertically and each of the fifth line runs diagonally over the previous four vertical lines, i.e. from the top of the first line to the bottom of the fourth line. COUNTING TALLY MARKS
Tally marks are the fastest way of
keeping track of numbers in groups of five. See the figure below to understand the logic. Q.NO . 1 Let’s consider the marks of 25 students in standard IX in a particular school. The scores are as follows: 41, 53, 64, 31, 53, 33, 70, 61, 74, 32, 53, 56, 56, 64, 56, 88, 28, 70, 56, 64, 74, 53, 53, 61, 31. The maximum mark allotted to the paper is 100. Draw a tally chart for the above data. Q.NO . 2 Consider a garden with lots of flowers. Mary has different types of flower pots which are given in the table below: Using this table, answer the below questions: (i) How many Daisy flower pots are there? 2 (ii) Which two flowers have the same number of pots? 4 (iii) Which flower has the maximum number of pots 10 Q.NO ;3 The shoppers who come to a departmental store are marked as: man (M), woman (W), boy (B) or girl (G). The following list gives the shoppers who came during the first hour in the morning. WWWGBWWMGGMMWWWWGBMW BGGMWWMMWWWMWBWGMWWW W G W M M W M W G W M G W M M B G G W. Make a frequency distribution table using tally marks. SOLUTION Q.NO .4 The weekly wages of 30 workers in a factory are: 830, 835, 890, 810, 835, 836, 869, 845, 898, 890, 820, 860, 832, 833, 855, 845, 804, 808, 812, 840, 885, 835, 835, 836, 878, 840, 868, 890, 806, 840. Using tally marks, make a frequency table with intervals as 800 – 810, 810 – 820 and so on Draw a histogram for the frequency table made for the data in previous question. BAR GRAPH A bar graph is useful for comparing facts. The bars provide a visual display for comparing quantities in different classes or categories. In a bar graph the bars should have equal width and the gaps between the bars should be uniform. STEPS FOR CONSTRUCTING A BAR GRAPH Find the range in values. Determine a scale Label the axes Draw the bars Give the graph a title. The following table shows the number of apple trees planted by the gardener of a school in different years. Draw the bar graph to represent the data. DRAW A BAR GRAPH FOR THE FOLLOWING DATA PIE CHART A pie chart shows the relationship between a whole circle and its parts. The circle is divided into sectors. The size of each sector is proportional to the information it represents. Pie charts are also known as circle graphs. 1. Draw a pie chart showing the following information. The table shows the colours preferred by a group of people. Q.NO 2 The number of students in a hostel, speaking different languages is given below. Display the data in a pie chart.
