chemistry_and_matter_pre-ap

Unit 2
Chemistry and Matter

Chemistry
 Thestudy of matter and energy

and the changes that they go
through.
 Matter
is anything that has mass
and takes up space
Mass vs. Weight
 Mass
– the measurement of the
amount of matter
 Mass vs Position
 Weight vs Position
Law of Conservation of
Mass
Matter can not created nor
destroyed only converted
from one form to another.
OOBLECK Challenge!!!
 Write down in your lab notebook and predict
if this material is a SOLID, LIQUID, or GAS?
 Write an observation or proof why you chose

solid, liquid, or gas. (Defend your choice)
 Videos:
 http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt
/watch?videoId=Yp1wUodQgqQ
/watch?videoId=yHlAcASsf6U
/watch?videoId=1TR2bPb2_Q0
States of Matter
Volume, Shape, Compression, Effects of Heating?
 Solid – (add a particle picture)
 Definite Volume
 Definite shape
 Not compressible
 Expands
 Liquid – (add a particle picture)

 Definite Volume
 No Definite shape
 Not compressible
 Expands
 Gases – (add a particle picture)
 http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/m
edia/action/yt/watch?videoId=HIXEzj
08MwE
 No Definite Volume
 No Definite shape
 Compressible
 Vapor – A substance that is liquid at

room temperature. (Examples: Water,
Mercury)
Fig. 1-7, p. 10
 Plasma – High temperature physical
state of matter in which atoms lose
their electrons
 Fluorescent Light Bulbs
 The Sun and other Stars
Phase Change Diagram
Properties of Matter
 Physical Properties –
characteristics you can describe any
substance of matter
 Color
 Temperature
 Melting Point
 Boiling Point
 Density
 Malleability/Ductile
Properties cont…
 Chemical Properties – ability of a
substance to combine with or change
into one or more NEW substances.
 Iron rusting
 Copper turning green when exposed to air
(rusting)
 Sodium reacting in the presence of water
 Gasoline burning
 Sulfur burning bright blue when in the
presence of oxygen
Explore: Graphing Liquids
Activity
Intensive vs. Extensive
Properties
 Intensive property:  Extensive
properties that DO property: properties
NOT depend on the that DO depend on
amount of matter the amount of matter
present present
 Melting/Freezing Point  Mass
 Boiling Point  Weight
 Luster - shiny
 Volume
 Malleability – flatten into
thin sheets  Length
 Ductility - drawn into thin
wires
 Density
 Viscosity: is a fluids resistance to
flow
 Buoyancy: Upward force that keeps

things afloat
Changes in Matter
 Physical Change – Changing the

state or shape that matter is in,
without changing the matter itself.
 Examples
 Boiling water/Freezing water
 Cutting a Piece of paper
 Cracking open an egg
 Melting gold
Changes cont…
 Chemical Change – process by

which one or two substances
combine to form a NEW substance
 Examples:
 Burning wood to form Carbon, Carbon
Dioxide, and water.
 Combining gaseous Hydrogen and
Oxygen to form water.
 Reacting Iron and Oxygen to form Rust.
Mixture
 Combination of two or more

substances in which each substance
retains its individual properties
 Combined with out exact ratios
▪ Salt in water
▪ Sand in Water
▪ Granite/Marble
▪ Dirt
▪ Salad Dressing
Types of Mixtures
 Homogenous – mixture is uniform in
composition. (Homo – Same, Gene –
Form)
 Salt dissolved in water.
 Coffee with sugar.
 Heterogeneous – mixture has a

different composition throughout
(Hetero – Different, Gene – Form)
 Ice in water
 Dirt (Rocks, Sand, Dirt, Roots, Worms,
Bugs)
Exercise 11, p. 41
Substances
 Pure substance: matter that is

uniform and unchanging in its
composition (exact ratios every
time)
 Table Salt is always NaCl
 Water is always H2O

Pure Substances
 Element – A pure substance that

can not be broken into smaller
substances Examples: Copper,
Oxygen, Gold.
 Compound – The combination of

two or more different elements that
are combined in the same ratios
every time
Evidence of a Chemical
Change
***We will investigate this in a Lab***
 Change in ______________
 Change in ______________
 Production of a _____________
 Formation of a ______________
 Detection of a _____________
Separating Mixtures
 Distillation
– Separates materials
based upon different boiling points.
 Filtration
– Where a barrier is used to
separate solid material from liquid
material
 Chromatography – Separates the
components of a mixture by
traveling across a surface at
different rates
 Crystallization – produces a pure
solid particles from a dissolved solid

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Unit 2

Chemistry and Matter

 Thestudy of matter and energy

 Write an observation or proof why you chose

 Liquid – (add a particle picture)

 Vapor – A substance that is liquid at

 Buoyancy: Upward force that keeps

 Physical Change – Changing the

 Chemical Change – process by

 Combination of two or more

 Heterogeneous – mixture has a

 Pure substance: matter that is

 Table Salt is always NaCl

 Water is always H2O

 Element – A pure substance that

 Compound – The combination of

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