LECTURE OBJECTIVES

Sheet layout
Types of lines
Dimensioning

Placement of Dimensions.
Drawing Sheet
A4
Trimmed paper of
a size A0 ~ A4.
A3
Standard sheet size
(JIS) A2

A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420 A1
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 840
A0 840 x 1188
(Dimensions in millimeters) A0
 Orientation of drawing sheet

1. Type X (A0~A4) 2. Type Y (A4 only)

c
d
d c Drawing
Border Drawing space
space Title block
lines Title block
c

Sheet size c (mm) d (mm)

A4 10 25
A3 10 25
A2 10 25
A1 20 25
A0 20 25
Drawing sheet layout
Before cutting to final
standard (raw, full size
paper)
For A1: Title block is 190x65
1.Name of firm
2.Scale, Method of projection symbols (usually 1st and 3rd )
3.Title
4.Drawing number
5.Number of sheet and total number of sheets
6.Initials of designer, checked and approved authority
 Lab task 1
Make ‘The drawing sheet layout’ as per slide 4 and the ‘title block’ for
A4 sheet as per slide 5.
 Basic Line Types
Name according
Types of Lines Appearance
to application

Continuous thick line 0.6mm Visible edge / outline

0.3mm
Continuous thin line Dimension line, Extension line
Leader line, Hatching and
projections

Dash thick line Hidden edges/outline

Chain thin line Center line, lines of symmetry

NOTE : We will learn other types of line in later chapters.

 Meaning of Lines
Visible lines represent features that can be seen in the
current view

Hidden lines represent features that can not be seen in

the current view

Center line represents symmetry, path of motion, centers

of circles, axis of axisymmetrical parts

Dimension and Extension lines indicate the sizes and

location of features on a drawing
Example : Line conventions in engineering drawing
Standard line types
• The various looking lines used on technical or engineering drawings.
• Each style of line has a standard name, line thickness, pattern and
meaning it conveys when used correctly.
• These lines are endorsed by both the ASME and ISO standards with
minor variations.
Dimensioning
 DIMENSIONING COMPONENTS

Center lines
Initial work and
Drawn with
construction lines
3H/4H pencil
Section lines

Dimension lines,
Dotted lines, Outline, Drawn
arrowhead Lettered with with H
Notes : 2H pencil.
- local note
- general note
 EXTENSION LINES
Extends slightly beyond dimension line to indicate the
location on the object’s features that are dimensioned.
Thin line used to extend the edge, face or corner of a
geometric feature.
 DIMENSION LINES
indicate the direction and extent of a dimension and inscribe
dimension figures. Thin line with arrows
Used to indicate the size or location of the geometric features

10 27

13
1 23
o

43
 LEADER LINES
10 27 10 Drill, 2 Holes
•Thin lines are used to connect a specific
R16
note to a feature on a drawing.
•Typically drawn at 45, 30, and 60
degrees.
•Leader lines should not cross one
another.

13
1 23
•Leader lines should not be overly long.

o
•Leader lines should not be vertical or
horizontal in orientation. 43
Object/visible
line
• Solid thick line
• Used to indicate visible object of
an object
Hidden/Dashed
line
• Thin dashed line
• Used to indicate hidden edges,
corners hidden in a particular
view
Centerline/center
point

• Alternating long-short-long
dashed thin line
• Used to denote the axis of
cylindrical/conical/spherical
objects or to show center point
of holes/arcs.
Symmetry
lines
• Centerline with 2 thick
perpendicular track marks at
each end to section the object.
• Used when partial symmetrical
views are drawn
Phantom
line
• Thin alternating long-
short-short-long dashes
• Used to indicate alternate
positions of moving parts
or repetitive features
• Used to indicate a break
when the nature of the
object makes the use of
the conventional type of
break not feasible.
Cutting
plane line
• Thick phantom line with
arrows or long dashed line
with 90-degree
arrowhead
• Used to indicate where an
imaginary cut took place
and direction it is viewed
Section
line/cross-
hatching
• Series of parallel thin
lines drawn at a 45-
degree angle.
• In a sectional view, this
indicates the material
that has been cut through

NOTE: keep the orientation

pattern same throughout.
Break lines
• used to shorten the view of long uniform
or tapered sections, or when only a partial
view is necessary, and are used on both
detail and assembly drawings.
• Short break lines: Thick freehand lines
are used for short breaks
• Long Break Lines: Long, thin lines with
zig-zag that indicate that the section of an
object has been removed and no
necessary information is there along the
long dimension
• Cylindrical Break Lines: Thin lines used
to depict spherical parts that have been
broken in half to shorten the object’s
length.
Recommended
Practices
 EXTENSION LINES

Leave a visible gap (≈ 1 mm) from a view

and start drawing an extension line.

COMMON MISTAKE
Visible gap
 EXTENSION LINES
Do not break the lines as they cross object lines.

COMMON MISTAKE
Continuous
 DIMENSION LINES
Dimension lines should not be spaced too close
to each other and to the view.

Leave a space at least

2 times of a letter height.

16

11
34
35

Leave a space at least

1 time of a letter height.
 DIMENSION FIGURES
The height of figures is suggested to be 2.5~3 mm.
Place the numbers at about 1 mm above dimension
line and between extension lines.

COMMON MISTAKE

34
11

34
11
 DIMENSION FIGURES
When there is not enough space for figure or
arrows, put it outside either of the extension lines.

Not enough space Not enough space

for figures for arrows
16.25 1
16.25 1 1

or
 DIMENSION FIGURES : UNITS
The JIS and ISO standards adopt the unit of

Length dimension in millimeters without

specifying a unit symbol “mm”.
Angular dimension in degree with a symbol “o”
Arrow heads
• Arrowheads are used to end
dimension lines, leader lines,
cutting-plane lines, and
viewing plane lines.
• They should be three times the
length of the width.
• They should all be the same
size across the board.
• Because of its clarity, the filled
arrowhead is often favored.
Important notes
• When a Visible Line coincide with a Hidden Line or Center Line, draw the Visible
Line. Also, extend the Center Line beyond the outlines of the view.
• When a Hidden Line coincides with a Center Line, draw the Hidden Line.
• When a Visible Line coincides with a Cutting Plane, draw the Visible Line.
• When a Center line coincides with a Cutting Plane, draw the Center Line and show
the Cutting Plane line outside the outlines of the view at the ends of the Center
Line by thick dashes.
DIMENSION FIGURES : ORIENTATION
1. Aligned method
The dimension figures are placed so that
they are readable from the bottom and
right side of the drawing.
2. Unidirectional method
The dimension figures are placed so that they
can be read from the bottom of the drawing.

Do not use both system on the same drawing or

on the same series of drawing (JIS Z8317)
EXAMPLE : Dimension of length using aligned method.

30
30

30

30
30

30

30
30
EXAMPLE : Dimension of length using unidirectional method.
30

30 30

30 30

30 30

30
EXAMPLE : Dimension of angle using aligned method.

45o
45

o
45

o
45o

45o
45

o
45
o

45o
EXAMPLE : Dimension of angle using unidirectional method.
45o
45o 45o

45o 45o

45o 45o

45o
Types of arrangements of dimensions
 LOCAL NOTES
Place the notes near to the feature which they
apply, and should be placed outside the view.
Always read horizontally.
COMMON MISTAKE
10 Drill 10 Drill

10 Drill
≈ 10mm
Too far
Dimensioning
Practices
 THE BASIC CONCEPT
Dimensioning is accomplished by adding size and
location information necessary to manufacture
the object.
This information must be

Clear
Complete
Facilitate the
- manufacturing method
- measurement method
EXAMPLE
L L

Designed
part

L
S

L
S
To manufacture this part S
we need to know…
1. Width, depth and
thickness of the part.

S
2. Diameter and depth
of the hole.
“S” denotes size dimension.
3. Location of the holes.
“L” denotes location dimension.
 ANGLE

To dimension an angle specify it in Degrees and circular

dimension line having the center at the vertex of the angle.
 ARC

Arcs are dimensioned by giving the radius in the

views in which their true shapes appear.
The letter “R” is always lettered before the
figures to emphasize that this dimension is
radius of an arc.
 ARC
The dimension figure and the arrowhead should
be inside the arc, where there is sufficient space.

Sufficient space Sufficient space Insufficient space

for both. for arrowhead only. for both.
Move figure outside Move both figure
and arrow outside
R 62.5
0
20

R 6.5
R

R 58.5
 ARC
Leader line must be radial and inclined with
an angle between 30 ~ 60 degs to the horizontal.

COMMON MISTAKE
R62.5 R62.5

60
o
R62.5
R62.5 R62.5
30
o
 ARC
Use the foreshortened radial dimension line,
when arc’ s center locates outside the sheet or
interfere with other views.
 CLASS ACTIVITY

Label different types of lines