Introduction to Java
Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language.
It enables developers to write once, run anywhere, powering enterprise
and Android apps worldwide.
by Vikas M
History of Java
1 1991
Developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems as Oak.
2 1995
Java platform's first public release, renamed from Oak.
3 2010
Acquired by Oracle Corporation, expanded ecosystem.
4 Major Releases
JDK 1.0, 5 (Tiger), 8 (Lambda), 11 LTS, 17 LTS, 21.
Key Features of Java
Object-Oriented Multithreaded & Portable
Supports encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism. Enables concurrent programming and runs on multiple OS.
Platform Independent
High Performance
Runs bytecode on any Java Virtual Machine.
Uses Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler for speed.
Robust & Secure
Strong memory management and built-in security.
Basic Java Syntax
Data Types
int, float, double, boolean, char, String.
Variables
Declaration, initialization, assignment.
Operators & Control Flow
Arithmetic, relational, logical; if-else, loops, switch.
Methods
Define and call reusable blocks of code.
Object-Oriented
Programming (OOP)
Classes & Objects
Blueprints for objects and their behaviors.
Encapsulation
Bundling data and methods to protect integrity.
Inheritance
Deriving new classes from existing ones.
Polymorphism & Abstraction
Objects take multiple forms; hide complex details.
Java Development Kit (JDK) & IDEs
JDK Popular IDEs
Includes Java Runtime Environment, compiler, and tools. • IntelliJ IDEA: feature-rich and powerful code completion.
Build Tools
• Eclipse: extensible, open-source, large plugin
Maven and Gradle for project automations and ecosystem.
dependencies. • NetBeans: easy for beginners, Oracle-sponsored.
Applications of Java
Enterprise Android Web Desktop
Large scalable business Primary language for mobile Server-side apps with Spring Cross-platform with Swing
systems. development. and Jakarta EE. and JavaFX.
Big Data
Used in Hadoop, Spark for
processing.
Future Trends in Java
Project Loom
Lightweight threads for better concurrency.
Project Panama
Improved native code interoperability.
GraalVM
High-performance polyglot virtual machine.
Ecosystem Evolution
New features and improvements in releases.
Microservices
Building scalable, resilient systems.
