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    2.3 Human Digestive System: Prepared by

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    Elly Sukeri
    The human digestive system breaks down food into simple molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Digestion involves both physical and chemical breakdown of food. Enzymes produced in the mouth, stomach, pancreas, and intestines chemically digest food into smaller molecules like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. The small intestine absorbs these digestive end products into the bloodstream. The large intestine reabsorbs water and passes undigested waste out of the body. Maintaining a healthy, balanced diet based on the food pyramid promotes overall digestive health.

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    2.3 Human Digestive System: Prepared by

    Uploaded by

    Elly Sukeri
    22 views28 pages
    The human digestive system breaks down food into simple molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Digestion involves both physical and chemical breakdown of food. Enzymes produced in the mouth, stomach, pancreas, and intestines chemically digest food into smaller molecules like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. The small intestine absorbs these digestive end products into the bloodstream. The large intestine reabsorbs water and passes undigested waste out of the body. Maintaining a healthy, balanced diet based on the food pyramid promotes overall digestive health.

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    bab 3 (3.2)

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    The human digestive system breaks down food into simple molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Digestion involves both physical and chemical breakdown of food. Enzymes produced in the mouth, stomach, pancreas, and intestines chemically digest food into smaller molecules like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. The small intestine absorbs these digestive end products into the bloodstream. The large intestine reabsorbs water and passes undigested waste out of the body. Maintaining a healthy, balanced diet based on the food pyramid promotes overall digestive health.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views28 pages

    2.3 Human Digestive System: Prepared by

    Uploaded by

    Elly Sukeri
    The human digestive system breaks down food into simple molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Digestion involves both physical and chemical breakdown of food. Enzymes produced in the mouth, stomach, pancreas, and intestines chemically digest food into smaller molecules like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. The small intestine absorbs these digestive end products into the bloodstream. The large intestine reabsorbs water and passes undigested waste out of the body. Maintaining a healthy, balanced diet based on the food pyramid promotes overall digestive health.

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    2.

    3 Human Digestive System


    Prepared by :
    Suheily Sukeri

    DIGESTION

    Digestion is a process of breaking down complex food to simple molecules for absorption into the blood circulatory systems

    Digestion takes place in two stages Physical digestion : big pieces of food are broken down into smaller by teeth Chemical digestion : enzyme break up complex food molecules into food molecules

    Enzymes are protein that speed up the process of digestion There are three main kinds of enzyme in our gut
    amylase : breaks carbohydrate Protease : protein molecules Lipases : fat molecules

    Mouth
    a)Food is chewed into smaller pieces and mixed with saliva b)The salivary amylase breaking down starch into maltose

    Oesophagus Digested food is shaped into a bolos and moves down the oesophagus in a wave like action called peristalsis.

    stomach
    Stomach wall produces gastric juice contain proteases and hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid
    Stop the action salivary amylase Kills the bacteria Provide acidic medium for action of protease Changes inactive proteases to its active form

    Protease breakdown protein into polypeptides or peptones Mucus protects the stomach walls from being digested.

    duodenum
    The first part of the small intestines It receives bile from gall bladder and pancreatic juice from the pancreas Bile produced by liver and is stored in gall bladder.

    Bile emulsifies fats into oil droplets for lipase to act. Pancreatic juice contains amylase, protease and lipase.

    Amylase

    Starch into maltose

    Protease
    Lipase

    Protein into polypeptides


    Fat into fatty acid and glycerol

    Lower part of small intestines


    Secretes intestinal juice which contains maltase, protease, lipase

    Maltase
    Protease

    Maltose into glucose


    Polypeptides into amino acids Fat into fatty acids and glycerol

    Lipase

    The ends products of digestion Glucose from carbohydrates Amino acid from proteins Fatty acids and glycerol from fats Cellulose is not digested because we do not have the enzyme cellulase.

    2.4 Absorption of the products of digestion

    Absorption is the process when the end products of digestion enter the bloodstream through the small intestinal walls.

    The efficiency of absorption of digested food at the small intestines can be increased by :
    More villi to increase surface area Villus very thin walls

    2.5 Reabsorption of water and defaecation


    The function of large intestines is to reabsorb water. The substances that enter the large intestines consist of water and undigested food substances like cellulose.

    Undigested food in the large intestines is expelled as faeces through the process of defaecation. The faeces accumulate in the rectum. When the faeces is full, the rectum undergo peristalsis will push the faeces through the anus.

    2.6 Healthy Eating Habits Healthy eating habits will help to maintain a healthy body. Unhealthy eating habits can lead to various health problems.

    Food pyramid

    A food pyramids shows the food groups that serve as a guide to a healthy and balanced diet. Food that form the base of the food pyramid should be eaten more every day.

    Food at the top of the pyramid are required in lesser amount in our daily diet. A diet based on the food pyramid will give the required nutrients and energy to maintain a healthy body.

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