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    PLCC Overview

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    Sam
    Power line carrier communication (PLCC) systems transmit voice, data, and telemetry signals over existing high voltage power lines. PLCC injects radio frequency carriers between 40-500kHz onto power lines using coupling capacitors. Line traps allow signals to travel along transmission lines while preventing signals from entering substations. PLCC terminals encode and amplify user signals before injecting them onto power lines. Line matching units match impedances and provide protection between transmission lines and PLCC terminals. PLCC systems provide a reliable and cost-effective means of communication for utilities over transmission infrastructure.

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    PLCC Overview

    Uploaded by

    Sam
    1K views27 pages
    Power line carrier communication (PLCC) systems transmit voice, data, and telemetry signals over existing high voltage power lines. PLCC injects radio frequency carriers between 40-500kHz onto power lines using coupling capacitors. Line traps allow signals to travel along transmission lines while preventing signals from entering substations. PLCC terminals encode and amplify user signals before injecting them onto power lines. Line matching units match impedances and provide protection between transmission lines and PLCC terminals. PLCC systems provide a reliable and cost-effective means of communication for utilities over transmission infrastructure.

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    Plcc Overview

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    Power line carrier communication (PLCC) systems transmit voice, data, and telemetry signals over existing high voltage power lines. PLCC injects radio frequency carriers between 40-500kHz onto power lines using coupling capacitors. Line traps allow signals to travel along transmission lines while preventing signals from entering substations. PLCC terminals encode and amplify user signals before injecting them onto power lines. Line matching units match impedances and provide protection between transmission lines and PLCC terminals. PLCC systems provide a reliable and cost-effective means of communication for utilities over transmission infrastructure.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    1K views27 pages

    PLCC Overview

    Uploaded by

    Sam
    Power line carrier communication (PLCC) systems transmit voice, data, and telemetry signals over existing high voltage power lines. PLCC injects radio frequency carriers between 40-500kHz onto power lines using coupling capacitors. Line traps allow signals to travel along transmission lines while preventing signals from entering substations. PLCC terminals encode and amplify user signals before injecting them onto power lines. Line matching units match impedances and provide protection between transmission lines and PLCC terminals. PLCC systems provide a reliable and cost-effective means of communication for utilities over transmission infrastructure.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    PLCC Overview

    Power Line Carrier Communication System LT


    Power Line (50Hz)

    CC
    RF carrier (40-500kHz)

    PAX

    RTU PLCC

    TERMINAL

    (AB-ETL41)

    Transmission line
    2

    PLCC Technology

    PLCC system uses the same High Voltage transmission line connecting two

    sub-stations for telecommunication purpose too.

    PLCC is used in all power utilities as a primary communication service to transmit speech, telemetry and protection tripping commands. This is economic and reliable for inter grid message transfer as well as low bit rate RTU signals.

    The voice/data are mixed with radio frequency carrier (40-500kHz), amplified to a level of 10-80W RF power and injected in to high voltage power line using a suitable coupling capacitor. The power line as a rigid long conductor parallel to ground, guides the carrier waves to travel along the transmission line. Point to point communication takes place between two SSB transceivers at both ends.

    Line diagram display


    Sub-Station
    bay-1
    To other S/S

    Line Isolator

    Circuit Breaker

    Bus Isolator 1

    Bus Isolator 2

    Bus Bar #1 Bus Bar #2

    Single Line digm


    4

    H.V Line

    Line Trap

    Coupling

    Components
    PLCC terminal LMU
    Coaxial cable

    capacitor

    PLCC Terminal = Translates voice and data into High Frequency Carrier. Output Power =10 to 80W LMU = Line Matching Unit = For impedance matching between line and coaxial cable, includes high voltage protection devices like drainage coil(20mH), lightening arrestor(500V) and an earth switch. Coupling Capacitor = Couples high frequency carrier with Power Line ( 4000 to10000pF) Line Trap = Do not allow the transmitted HF carrier to enter inside the sub-station. (L = 0.5 to 2mH) With out Line trap HF carrier get by-passed to some other line on the same bus bar and may leak to ground ( a earth switch inside the yard provided for each bay is kept closed during maintenance)
    5

    Coupling Scheme Behind


    Line Trap

    Front
    To remote substation
    Coupling Capacitor

    Transformer(s) BusBar

    Line Matching Unit

    The PLC signal is routed to H.V Line


    The PLC signal is not absorbed by the substation
    6

    Coaxial

    Local substation
    PLC terminal

    Line trap function

    = PLC signal Blocking


    HV Line
    Power energy

    PLC Signal

    Substation

    Line Trap = High Impedance for PLC signal Low Impedance for Power energy

    Line Trap Components

    Corona ring Lifting lug Terminal Main coil Tuning device Pedestal Protective device Tie rod

    Line Trap is a parallel LC circuit


    Inductance of main Coil

    Lightning Arrester

    Series resistance

    Tuning Capacitor

    Damped single

    Line Trap
    9

    Line Traps Mounting Options

    Vertical Pedestal

    Horizontal Pedestal

    Suspension

    10

    CVT : CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

    11

    LMU function
    LMU = impedance matching Transformer
    Line Trap

    + high voltage Protection


    To prevent dangerous potential on the PLCC connection To match PLCC set & transmission Line
    Coupling

    Capacitor s/s LMU PLC

    Coaxial

    Matching

    Protection

    LMU
    12

    Modular Coupling Device


    ABB make MCD-80

    13

    Elements of Coupling Device


    Drain coil for draining of HV leakage currents to earth. Lightning arrester at the line terminals of coupling device for
    transients protection

    Transformer for impedance matching and galvanic isolation between


    line and PLCC terminal.

    Earth switch for grounding of line terminals during maintenance. High-pass or band-pass filter elements for efficient matching. connectivity to equipment room through coaxial cable.

    14

    LMU functional blocks


    Substation HV -line

    Line trap

    Coupling capacitor Tx

    ABB MCD 80

    or

    Coax cable

    Rx

    PLC Cabinet
    15

    HF Coupling modes
    LT

    LT

    Cc

    LT

    Cc PLC
    LMU

    Cc

    LT
    LT

    PLC

    LMDU

    LMU

    Phase-to-Ground
    PLC

    Cc

    Cc

    LMDU

    LMU

    Inter circuit

    Phase-to-Phase
    16

    Function of PLCC terminal

    IF

    User Signal
    (0 to 4 kHz)
    H

    AF IF

    IF RF

    PA

    R.F Signal (40 to 500 kHz)


    H

    User Side

    AF
    A

    RF
    AF
    IF IF
    gain

    Line Side
    H= hybrid

    RF

    IF

    Translation : User audio signals into radio Spectrum Amplification : To compensate the line attenuation
    17

    PLCC Panel ( type: ABB ETL 41/42)

    Cabinet

    Modules
    18

    Multiplexing speech & data in 4 kHz raster


    Programmable speech bandwidth
    Speech 3.4 kHz Speech 3.4 kHz

    Speech 2.0 kHz

    plus

    0.3

    3.6

    4.0 kHz

    tele protection (4 trip commands)


    0.3 2.0 3.6 4.0 kHz

    plus
    Speed

    Tele metering (FSK modem)

    300 Bd Center frequency 120 Hz steps 1200 Bd 0.3 4.0 kHz

    3.6

    19

    ABB PLCC terminal

    ETL- 41 System data -- complies to IEC 495


    Operating mode : Single side band Suppressed carrier Frequency range: 40 to 500kHz (programmable in 4 kHz Steps) AF Bandwidth: 4 kHz (Speech band=300 3400 Hz) Transmitter RF output power : 40W ( +46 dBm) Spurious suppression > 60 dB

    Pilot channel : 3780 + 30 Hz


    Receiver RF sensitivity : - 24 dBm Receiver Selectivity : 70dB ( 300Hz from band limit) Receiver Image rejection > 80 dB Receiver IF rejection > 80 dB

    20

    Typical PLCC Installation

    LT cc C

    LT cc
    FA X

    ETL
    FAX

    ETL

    PR

    PC

    MS

    PAX

    FAX

    PR

    PC

    RTU

    FAX

    MS = Master station PAX = Private automatic exchange PR = Protection relay PC = Computer M = Modem

    PR= Protection relay FAX = Facsimile equipment M = Modem RTU = Remote terminal unit

    21

    Effect of bad weather on PLCC communication


    Losses increase for all inclement weather conditions

    The worst offender is when heavy frost is formed on the line

    Because of the skin effect, the carrier signal tries to propagate on the ice instead of the conductor. The attenuation can change as much as 4:1 depending on the frequency.

    The contaminats (on the insulators) have a larger effect when it is raining than when the line is dry. The worst condition is a light rain with the presence of contaminants on the insulators

    22

    RF Noise
    RF noise in HV line two mains effects Impulsive Noise = Caused by atmospheric discharges, breakers and isolator close/open operation Corona effect = Due to sequences of pulse streams caused by arcs over conductors. It appears during positive-going half-cycle of the Line voltage (occurrance frequency for a 50Hz 3-phase system is 150 Hz)

    The corona noise could be subject to considerable variations due to


    differences in the design parameters of the overhead line.

    Other variations are possible due to the construction, altitude and age of the
    line

    Weather effect can also be significant

    23

    Corona Noise
    Voltage (kV) 33 132 220 400 Correction (dB) - 14 -4 0 +4

    Bad weather Noise

    500

    +5

    Typical average Noise on a 220 kV line and for a 3 kHz Bandwidth

    24

    PLCC test instrument: Selective Level Meter

    25

    PLCC test instrument : Selective Level Oscillator

    26

    THANK YOU ALL

    27

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