Bronze Objects Research Papers

Löwen, Drachen oder gar Frauen zu Pferde – figürliche Gießgefäße für den Handwaschungsritus, die mit dem modernen Begriff als ‚Aquamanilien‘ bezeichnet werden, erfreuen sich seit mehreren Jahren großer öffentlicher Aufmerksamkeit.... more

in R. Graells i Fabregat / P. Camacho Rodríguez / A.J. Lorrio (Coords.), Problemas de cultura material. Ornamentos y elementos del vestuario en el arco litoral Mediterráneo-Atlántico de la península Ibérica durante la Edad del Hierro (ss.... more

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- by Josep Gallart and +1
  Raimon Graells i Fabregat
- •
- 14
  Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Glocalization, Ornament (Archaeology)

Cómo citar este artículo / How to cite this article Graells i Fabregat, R. (2022): "Colgantes alóctonos y cinturones articulados en la península ibérica y las Islas Baleares (siglos Vii-Vi a. C.): entre vestimenta y joyería".

The present paper discusses 19 artefacts from Romania and Bulgaria with at least 1% tin in their composition. These artefacts were dated mainly to the first three quarters of the 3rd millennium BC. Fourteen of them cluster in a distinct... more

Researches of the last fifty years in the western South of France brought new evidences about the pre-colonial phase, the discovery of the Greek city of Béziers (Béziers I)-one of the two Rhòde of the sources-, considerable advances on... more

Reflexiones para el estudio de los ornamentos y elementos de vestuario de la Edad del Hierro en La Península Ibérica, in R. Graells i Fabregat / P. Camacho Rodríguez / A.J. Lorrio (Coords.), Problemas de cultura material. Ornamentos y... more

166 pieces of bronz objects (from Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Period) from Tokat Museum are evaluated in this book. Each object is dated by analogical method.

A palstave from Libeř (Prague-West District) and other bronze finds from the Lower Sázava River region. A contribution to the genesis of Middle Bronze Age palstaves. In 2016 a bronze palstave with a trapezoidal flanged recess was found... more

A palstave from Libeř (Prague-West District) and other bronze finds
from the Lower Sázava River region. A contribution to the genesis
of Middle Bronze Age palstaves. In 2016 a bronze palstave with a trapezoidal flanged recess was found with the help of a metal detector in the
cadastral area of Libeř (Prague-West District). The artefact is relatively unusual from the typological viewpoint
and lacks exact analogies in Bohemian material (Fig. 1–5). The palstave can roughly be classified as of Early to
Middle Bronze Age date (Br A2/B1) when new palstave types with heart-shaped and especially pointed flanged
recesses started to develop. At the close of the Middle Bronze Age and at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age
(Br C2/D), they changed into relatively massive palstaves with a pointed lobate recess (Fig. 6). However, the
Libeř palstave seems to stay out of the main development line.
This new find also originates from an area where practically no traces of settlement or funerary activities
during the Early or Middle Bronze Age are known and the only relevant evidence for the presence of man is
represented by isolated finds of bronze objects (Fig. 7). From among the earlier finds made in the broader area
of the Lower Sázava River region, we may mention three Únětice culture bronze axes (Jílové u Prahy, Blažim –
Fig. 8). More recent metal detector finds from 2010–2013 also included the discovery of three bronze artefacts
datable to the time of the Middle Bronze Age Tumulus culture. It is a palstave with an elongated, pointed
flanged recess, a decorated disc-head of a two-piece pin (Slapy – Fig. 9:1–2) and a sickle with a perpendicular
side tang (Březová – Fig. 9:3).
The discoveries of these bronze objects in an agriculturally not very suitable area which was probably predominantly
forested, without any evidence for contemporary settlement, rather indicate their intentional deposition
during some non-specific activities in the region (a "traveller's" or "propitiating" thanksgiving offering?)
than a mere unintentional loss suffered on the way or during work in the forest.

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- by Lubor Smejtek
- •
- 3
  Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Bronze Objects, Hoarding

Öz: Batı Lykia Bölgesi’nde bulunan Letoon Kutasal Ala-nı’nın, teras duvarlarının kazısına 2015 yılında başlanmış-tır. Bu bölge topoğrafik ve jeolojik yapısına bağlı olarak e-rozyona ve kitlesel toprak kaymalarına çok müsaittir. Bu nedenle... more

Öz: Batı Lykia Bölgesi’nde bulunan Letoon Kutasal Ala-nı’nın, teras duvarlarının kazısına 2015 yılında başlanmış-tır. Bu bölge topoğrafik ve jeolojik yapısına bağlı olarak e-rozyona ve kitlesel toprak kaymalarına çok müsaittir. Bu nedenle yerleşimin kuruluşundan itibaren, toprağın ko-runması için Tümtüm Tepe’nin bütününde, günümüze kadar ulaşabilmiş teraslamalar yapılmıştır. Kentin doğu sınırı Tümtüm Tepe’nin batı eteğinde kuzey-doğu doğrul-tusunda uzanan teras duvarlarıyla başlar. Teraslar, kutsal alanın doğu kesimi boyunca uzanarak tepe noktaya kadar çıkmaktadır. Teras duvarlarının en alt seviyeden tepeye doğru 4 farklı kotta, topografik yapı ile uyumlu olarak birbirine paralel fakat küçük kıvrılmalarla uzandığı görül-mektedir. Teras duvarlarında; kaba traşlı, rustik, bosajlı po-lygonal örgü ve ince işçilikli düz polygonal örgü, isodomik ve trapezoidal örgü kullanılmıştır. Teras duvarları, farklı tarzda ve çok evreli olarak, onarım görüp sürekli kullanıl-mıştır. Tiyatronun güney duvarına bitişik başlayan teras duvarının, 100 m kadar kesiminin düz uzandığı görülür. Ardından dirsek yaptıktan sonra orijinal hattında devam eder ve bir kısmı da ana kaya üzerine oturur. 2. teras duvarı önünde olasılıkla Geç Antik Dönem’e ait farklı işlevlerle (dükkân-atölye) kullanılan mekânlar ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Letoon teras duvarları kazısından ele geçen buluntular incelenip değerlendirilmeler yapılmıştır. Duvarların inşa tekniği, tarzı ve malzemesinin incelenmesi sonucunda, Klasik Dönem’den, Geç Antik Dönem’e kadar çok evreli olarak inşa edilmiş olduğu ve tadilat geçirdiği saptanmıştır.

Abstract: The Letoon Sanctuary is located in the West-ern Lycian Region. Excavation of the Letoon Terrace Walls started in 2015. The eastern border of the city be-gins with the terrace walls extending in the north-east direction in the western piedmont of the Tümtüm Hill. The terraces extend up to the hilltop along the east of the sanctuary. It appears that the terrace walls stretch from bottom to top in four different levels parallel to each other, but with small curvatures, in accordance with the topography. The lowest level of the terrace walls coming out of the furnicatum vault located in the southwestern analemma wall of the theater, forms a passage way into the sanctuary and connects to the main rock temenos area and the temenos wall. It is the terrace walls on the second level that have been excavated and will be examined here in detail, extending adjacent to the analemma wall of the theater and continuing to one level over the temenos wall. In the terrace walls, rough shaggy polygonal mesh, fine work polygonal mesh, isodomic trapezoidal are used together. This terrace wall had undergone many repairs and renovations and had been used repeatedly in many different styles. The terrace wall, starting from the southern wall of the theater, is extending flat along 100 m, even after making a bend, it continues on its original line and somepart sits on the bedrock.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Lykia • Letoon Kutsal Alanı • Roma Dönemi Terrakottalar • Bronz ve Kemik Objeler.
Keywords: Lycia • Letoon Sanctuary • Roman Terracottas • Bronze and Bone Objects.

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- by Banu Özdilek and +1
  Sema Atik Korkmaz
- •
- 10
  Late Antique Archaeology, Classical Architecture, Ancient Lycia, Lykia

The Museum of Hatay (Antioch on the Orontes, today Antakya, southeastern Turkey) preserves a mummiform bronze lamp of great interest, so far unpublished (accession no. 7587). The lamp, in the shape of a mummified Osiris, has only a few... more

In 1878 a bronze cauldron was discovered in a peaty context near the railway station of Valthe (province of Drenthe, The Netherlands). It was reported that the cauldron was found not far from the former entrenchment of Valthe, that was... more

GILDED TERRACOTTA WREATHS IN PARION SOUTH NECROPOLIS Two Stone Chest Tombs (SCT-TSM) adjacent to each other were found in the excavation in 2009 in the South Necropolis of Parion, one of the cities of Troad Region. Two terracotta wreaths... more

GILDED TERRACOTTA WREATHS IN PARION SOUTH NECROPOLIS
Two Stone Chest Tombs (SCT-TSM) adjacent to each other were found in the excavation in 2009 in the South Necropolis of Parion, one of the cities of Troad Region. Two terracotta wreaths were left for SCT 11, and one terracotta wreath was left in SCT 12 as burial gifts. The fact that terracotta wreaths were found in Parion is a situation to think about from multiple aspects. Terracotta, bronze, lead and golden gilding were used in making wreaths. Thus, it is remarkable in terms of production techniques that materials in different natures were combined in one object. The fruitlets of the wreaths were made of terracotta, the leaves and wires made of bronze, and the strap sheet that serves as the main holder was made of lead. Each unit constituting the wreath, except for the lead strap stiffener, was gilded with gold. This technique, defined as gold-plated in many Turkish articles, is golden gilding technique. Gilding technique was performed with amalgam compound during the ancient period. The main component consituting amalgam is mercury and it is derived from cinnabar. Several authors of ancient period wrote that red pigment is obtained from cinnabar. The most detailed information about the use of mercury as liquid is provided by Vitruvius. Many researchers suggest that the gilding technique with the use of amalgam compound was discovered and used in the Roman period. These wreaths revealed in the Parion South Necropolis were dated to the end of 4th century B.C. and the beginning of 3rd century B.C. under the light of similar samples and context objeckts. Within this context, terracotta wreaths revealed in Parion are significant as it shows that the golden gilding technique with the use of amalgam compound was not discovered in the Roman period and that it was used before the Roman period. Finding of terracotta wreaths in tombs is an important topic to be considered in terms of burial customs. It’s interesting that no terracotta wreaths were revealed until today in necropolis excavations in Anatolia. The fact that terracotta wreaths are found particularly in necropolises in the regions of Greece, Italy and Macedonia brings the question of whether Parion was in a social and cultural relationship with these regions. Previously conducted scientific works in Parion revealed that Parion was in close relationships with Thracia and Macenodia during B.C. 4th – 3rd century. In relationship to this, not having seen terracotta wreaths in Anatolian burial customs and this being seen often in the Macedonia region particularly support the existence of Parion-Macedonian relationships that were revealed in previous scientific works. This study also focused on the question of whether terracotta wreaths were an object that was used during daily life or that it is produced only as a burial gift. It is more likely that terracotta wreaths were produced only as burial gifts as they are not appropriate for daily use. Although the wreaths were made in alignment with the period’s high sense of art, materials used may have been to decrease the costs. This shows that terracotta wreaths are not for daily use and that they were gilded with gold to show the importance that was given to the deceased by the relatives. Findings of golden wreaths with oak leaves and a terracotta wreath in the SCT 12 supports this thought. Terracotta wreaths indicate to an extent both the economical and the social status of Parion during B.C. 4 - 3 century. Additionally, this study aims to reveal the existence of terracotta wreaths as burial gift within the Anatolian burial customs.

Catalogo della mostra. museo Archeologico Nazionale di Paestum (

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- by Fausto Longo and +1
  Raimon Graells i Fabregat
- •
- 14
  Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Greek colonies in Magna Graecia, Magna Grecia

A bronze twisted neck-ring from Plešivec near Rejkovice, Příbram District. The neck-ring was obtained by V. Cílek from fossil collectors at a swap meet for rocks and minerals in Příbram in the early 1970s – as a chance find from Plešivec... more

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- by Lubor Smejtek and +1
  Vladimír Daněček
- •
- 3
  Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Bronze Objects, Hoarding

Through finding small fragment of mine, individuals began to proceed minerals, because there are not many mineral in the nature. The important part of Anatolia metallurgy is Northwest Anatolia. It is been examined out of all mining... more

Monumentale Tierbronzen waren seit der Antike im Stadtbild – beispielsweise von Rom oder Konstantinopel – allgegenwärtig. So bewundert Plinius der Ältere in seiner Naturalis historia ihre " von der Wirklichkeit nicht unterscheidbare... more

Monumentale Tierbronzen waren seit der Antike im Stadtbild – beispielsweise von Rom oder Konstantinopel – allgegenwärtig. So bewundert Plinius der Ältere in seiner Naturalis historia ihre " von der Wirklichkeit nicht unterscheidbare Ähnlichkeit " (NH 34,38) und beschreibt Hunde, Kühe und andere Tiere als Teile von mehrfigürigen Ensembles, als Repräsentationen einer Gottheit oder in ihrer pragmatischen Funktion als Markierung von Plätzen im öffentlichen Raum. Im Mittelalter hingegen zeigt sich ein weitaus vielschichtigerer ‚Umgang' mit Tierbronzen. Nicht nur werden die griechischen und römischen Werke als Spolien verwendet, wodurch sich ihr Kontext und ihre Bedeutung ändern. Vielmehr werden neue Objekte in Auftrag gegeben, die ein Individuum oder eine soziale Gruppe repräsentieren, Tugenden wie Mut oder Stärke verkörpern und vor allem politische Aussagen verdeutlichen. Aus dem ‚Repertoire' der überlieferten und im Mittelalter sichtbaren – antiken sowie neu gegossenen – Bronzen nehmen sechs großformatige Tierplastiken eine besondere Stellung ein:

südlich der Alpen
1. der im 12. Jahrhundert aufgestellte Markuslöwe in Venedig
2. der islamische, ebenfalls in jener Zeit auf dem Pisaer Dom platzierte Greif und
3. die Kapitolinische Wölfin in Rom

nördlich der Alpen
4. der Braunschweiger Löwe
5. der sich auf der Kaiserpfalz in Goslar befindende Greif und
6. die ‚Wölfin' (oder präziser: Bärin) in Aachen.

Alle Werke bergen aufgrund ihrer Materialität, Visualität und Objektgeschichte mannigfaltige technische, kunst-, kultur-und rezeptionshistorische Besonderheiten, die einerseits nach dezidierten Einzelstudien und andererseits nach einem vergleichenden Blick verlangen. Die Tagung beabsichtigt, selbstverständlich gewordene Ansichten neu zu überprüfen. Ausgehend von umfassenden Objektanalysen und der Einordnung in den kunst-und kulturhistorischen Kontext werden Fragen nach der Materialität und Historizität, also der Wirkmacht, die das konkrete Objekt auf seine dingliche und soziale Umwelt entfaltet, gestellt. So lassen sich nicht allein entscheidende Veränderungen in Wahrnehmung und Gebrauch der Bronzen im Hochmittelalter nachvollziehen, sondern zudem das changierende Spektrum der Bedeutungszuschreibungen bis in die heutige Zeit erfassen.

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- by Joanna Olchawa and +1
  Romedio Schmitz-Esser
- •
- 6
  Art History, Medieval History, Medieval Studies, Medieval Art

The Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg owns a small bronze female figure that entered the collection at the beginning of the 20th century and was later catalogued under the term Luristan bronze. This term was conceptualised well after... more

The article discusses the implication of dents on late medieval and early modern bronze cooking pots. Already in the 19th century a bronze cauldron was discovered near the medieval churrch of Eelde. The vessel was heavily damaged, most... more

Since 1865, the Antikensammlung of Berlin has held a remarkable archaic bronze tripod in its collections. The tripod is also famous among non-specialists due to the animal gures depicted in its sculptural decoration. For a long time, it... more

Aquamanilien – figürliche Gefäße zur rituellen Handwaschung – gehören zu den besonders kostbaren Metallarbeiten aus dem Mittelalter. Die Publikation stellt in mehreren Aufsätzen einen neuen Glanzpunkt der Sammlung des Dommuseums... more

LE RAGIONI DELL’INCONTRO DI STUDIO Negli ultimi anni le ricerche condotte in Magna Grecia hanno arricchito il dossier di dati sulla presenza e sul significato delle armi difensive e offensive (reali o simboliche) in contesti votivi delle... more

LE RAGIONI DELL’INCONTRO DI STUDIO
Negli ultimi anni le ricerche condotte in Magna Grecia hanno arricchito
il dossier di dati sulla presenza e sul significato delle armi difensive
e offensive (reali o simboliche) in contesti votivi delle città greche come
del mondo indigeno aprendo la discussione sul rapporto tra guerra e
culto, ma anche più specificatamente sulla modalità e sulle pratiche
rituali legate al mondo delle armi.
Il tema è stato in parte già affrontato nel resto del mondo greco e,
nello specifico, nella Grecia propria: recenti sono le sintesi su questo
argomento in Gabaldón 2005, Baitinger 2011, Frielinghaus 2011 oltre
alla mostra e al convegno Waffen für die Götter organizzati ad Innsbruck
nel 2013 (Meighörner 2012; Egg, Naso, Rollinger 2016).
Per offerte votive di armi intendiamo sia quelle reali sia quelle simboliche,
dunque quelle miniaturistiche in metallo e le più rare offerte in
terracotta.
Relativamente all’Italia Meridionale abbiamo numerose notizie
sulla presenza di armi da contesti votivi della Magna Grecia per le quali
esistono alcune rassegne bibliografiche particolarmente utili (Gabaldón
2005, Baitinger 2011, La Torre 2011, Guzzo 2013). Da un’analisi della
bibliografia si osserva come il più delle volte vengano descritti ed
esaminati nel dettaglio solo gli oggetti più significativi o meglio conservati,
mentre gran parte del restante materiale resti inedito o ancora in
corso di studio. Mancano studi sistematici così come sono quasi sempre
assenti i dati quantitativi, la rappresentazione delle classi di materiali,
le tipologie, le caratteristiche della deposizione e della esposizione,
le cronologie e più in generale i contesti di rinvenimento.
I rinvenimenti effettuati negli ultimi anni in alcuni santuari della Magna
Grecia o le ‘scoperte’ nei depositi di alcuni musei (ad es. Poseidonia:
cfr. Cipriani, Longo, Marginesu 2006) consentono oggi di avviare uno
studio sistematico di queste evidenze così da comprendere modalità e
caratteristiche della deposizione ed evitare che considerazioni riferibili a
casi specifici si trasformino in luoghi comuni replicati e replicabili.
L’incontro di studio che promuoviamo sulle Armi votive in Magna
Grecia dall’età arcaica sino alla romanizzazione, quando il fenomeno
assume caratteristiche differenti e di fatto scompare, nasce quindi dalla
necessità di fare il punto su questo specifico tema di ricerca, senza
tralasciare il contesto generale – storico e topografico – in cui il fenomeno
si inquadra.
La relazione introduttiva di Holger Baitinger consentirà di avere un
quadro generale della situazione in Grecia con particolare attenzione ai
grandi santuari panellenici di Delfi e Olimpia dove sono ben note le
offerte di armi da parte di città della Magna Grecia; anche il confronto
tra offerte di armi nei santuari della Magna Grecia e in Grecia meriterà
una discussione ed un commento. Oggetto di una riflessione più dettagliata
(quantità, qualità, tipologia, modalità di esposizione, contesti)
saranno soprattutto alcuni casi notevoli, più o meno noti (Poseidonia,
Caulonia, Locri, Vibo Valentia, Medma, Pompei, Pietrabbondante, Temesa), che dovranno essere contestualizzati entro un quadro fenomenico
più ampio che ci auguriamo di poter arricchire notevolmente con
questo invito che inoltriamo ai colleghi di presentare nuovi documenti.
D’altra parte la necessità di definire una sorta di protocollo condiviso
di studio che, partendo dal dato filologico (tipologie e cronologie),
consenta di verificare la quantità delle attestazioni e confrontare le
pratiche rituali (tipologia e caratteristiche delle deposizioni, modalità
di esposizione), può
- consentire di trovare una possibile chiave per comprendere il significato
della dediche delle armi nei differenti c ontesti;
- aiutare a valutare le possibili interazioni tra mondo magno-greco
e culture italiche;
- cogliere i significati sociale, pubblico o politico insiti in questo tipo
di offerta votiva.
Nelle relazioni e nei posters sarà importante porre anche il problema
delle modalità di recupero, restauro e conservazione dei materiali
in metallo. Riteniamo infatti che questo aspetto non sia per nulla marginale
e che si debba al più presto provare a codificare i metodi di intervento
necessari a registrare tutte le informazioni fondamentali per la
comprensione del fenomeno oggetto di indagine di questo incontro.
CALL FOR POSTERS
Riteniamo che per questo incontro di studio i posters abbiano un
ruolo fondamentale dal momento che da essi è lecito attendersi novità
che possano contribuire alla discussione finale ed essere, allo stesso
tempo, un efficace strumento per c oinvolgere nel c onvegno anche goi -
vani studiosi. Per questa ragione alla presentazione dei posters dedicheremo
un’apposita sezione prima della tavola rotonda conclusiva. I
testi (max 3000 battute) con la presentazione di oggetti, singoli o per
gruppi, devono sempre essere accompagnati da dati relativi alla modalità
di rinvenimento (caratteristiche di deposizione o formazione delle
stratigrafie) e da dati quantitativi; l’assenza di questi dati deve essere
sempre dichiarata e motivata.
Per chiedere di partecipare alla sezione dei posters occorre inviare
un riassunto di 800/1000 caratteri entro il 1 settembre 2017 all’indirizzo
convegno.armi17@gmail.com. Il comitato scientifico valuterà gli
abstracts entro il 30 settembre; agli autori dei posters selezionati sarà
inviato un format al quale chiederemo di attenersi per l’impaginazione
e sarà richiesto un versamento di 100 euro necessari a sostenere i costi
di stampa e di affissione.

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- by Raimon Graells i Fabregat and +1
  Fausto Longo
- •
- 36
  Cultural Studies, Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Classics

SENOMATY: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF BRONZE HOARDS OF THE Br B1 HORIZON IN BOHEMIA. In 2012, a hoard disturbed by ploughing (Fig. 1) was discovered with the help of a metal detector at Senomaty (Rakovník District). It most... more

SENOMATY: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF BRONZE HOARDS OF THE Br B1 HORIZON IN BOHEMIA. In 2012, a hoard disturbed by ploughing (Fig. 1) was discovered with the help of a metal detector at Senomaty (Rakovník
District). It most probably contained at least 104 fragments of cake-shaped copper ingots and 22 fragments of bronze implements
(axes and sickles) with a total weight of 12.648 kg (Fig. 2–7). A typological-chronological analysis of the
flanged axes and sickles with upright side thorn-shaped projections has shown that the hoard belonged to the earlier part
of the Middle Bronze Age (Lochham horizon, Br B1 phase).
The Senomaty axes are close to the Mägerkingen type, which is mainly widespread in the territory of southern Germany
and Switzerland, and the „North German“ type of axes, which mainly occurs in the northern parts of Germany.
590 lubor smeJteK
An analogy to both types of bronze implements is provided by the hoard from Bühl in West Bavaria, which is reliably
dated to the beginning of the Lochham horizon (Fig. 8). The sickle with a pair of side thorn-shaped projections, which
connects the hoard with the Kosziderpadlás horizon in the Carpathian Basin (Fig. 10–12), is a less frequent find. This
type of sickle is also known from several sites in southwestern Germany and Switzerland, however, this is the only find
of its kind in the territory of Bohemia and Moravia and at the same time the most northern one. The rather primitive
„prototype“ of the tanged sickle (Fig. 6) can be regarded as a unique find. Together with a similar specimen from the
eponymous hoard of Kosziderpadlás II (Fig. 10:2), it is the second earliest object of this kind in the wider area of Central
Europe. Copper ingots already infrequently occur in Bohemia during the transitional Br A2/B1 horizon, so they are no
big surprise in the following Br B1 horizon and their presence points to an increase in production in the new centres of
mining and metallurgy which were most probably located in the Alps again.
At present, we do not know any other Br B1 hoard from Bohemia which would be comparable in terms of its content
and weight, although there is evidence that both bronze objects and raw material were deposited in adjacent regions
(Bavaria, Moravia, Carpathian Basin) in larger or smaller quantities. We are currently unable to interpret this fact
satisfactorily and it is questionable whether metal detector finds will change the situation in the future. The new find
from Senomaty can, however, be used as an eponymous site for a possible and gradually defined Br B1 hoard horizon in
Bohemia, fully synchronisable with the Lochham horizon in southern Germany, the Hodonín–Přítluky horizon in
Moravia and the Kosziderpadlás horizon in the Carpathian Basin (Fig. 13).

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- by Lubor Smejtek
- •
- 3
  Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Bronze Objects, Hoarding

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- by Klaus Niehr
- •
- 6
  Historiography (in Art History), Medieval Art, Bronze Objects, Hildesheim

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- by Otto Sosztarits and +1
  Attila Hódi
- •
- 4
  Bronze Objects, Savaria Iseum, Archeology of Savaria, Iron Objects

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- by Azzurra Scarci
- •
- 7
  Greek sanctuaries, Sicily, Bronze Objects, Votive offerings

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- by Anton Pritula
- •
- 105
  Art History, Medieval Literature, Art, Arabic Literature

Bu bölge topoğrafik ve jeolojik yapısına bağlı olarak erozyona ve kitlesel toprak kaymalarına çok müsaittir. Bu nedenle yerleşimin kuruluşundan itibaren, toprağın korunması için Tümtüm Tepe'nin bütününde, günümüze kadar ulaşabilmiş... more

A repertory of Roman military bronze equipment (1st-3rd century AD) found at the archaeological site of Thamusida (Rabat, Morocco) was analysed by non-destructive X-ray fluorescence and time of flight neutron diffraction (TOF-ND). Most... more

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- by Isabella Memmi
- •
- 20
  Arsenic, Morocco, Roman Army, Neutron Diffraction

MIDDLE BRONZE AGE HOARD FROM SENOMATY, RAKOVNÍK DISTRICT. In 2012, during a metal detector survey, a hoard disturbed by ploughing was discovered at a multi-period site near Senomaty (Fig. 1). It contained fragments of cake-shaped copper... more

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- by Lubor Smejtek and +1
  Dana Stolzová
- •
- 4
  Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Bronze Age metal hoards, Bronze Objects, Hoarding

descubierto como enclave arqueológico por Javier Cortes y Domiciano Ríos a mediados de la década de los años setenta del pasado siglo XX. En las tierras de labor el trabajo de los agricultores dejó en superficie escasos restos... more

In 1721, during the course of Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt’s Siberian expedition, a number of small-scale bronze objects were found. Among them were so-called aquamanilia, vessels used for hand-washing rituals, as well as a candlestick... more

In 1721, during the course of Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt’s Siberian expedition, a number of small-scale bronze objects were found. Among them were so-called aquamanilia, vessels used for hand-washing rituals, as well as a candlestick in the form of a kneeling man. Though these unusual objects have since disappeared, a number of water-colour depictions of them still exist, which, on account of their detailed workmanship, give a good impression of the lost works. The originals have been identified as the so-called ‘Hildesheim Bronzes’ and were produced throughout the 13th century. The theory that they could have found their way to Russia during the Middle Ages is further strengthened by the fact that other artefacts originating from Hildesheim have been found, particularly in Eastern Central Europe, including the Czech Republic and the Ukraine, but also in Lithuania, Russia, Romania and as far afield as Georgia. The special character of aquamanilia as a commodity can be illustrated and clarified through the perspective of economic archaeology on account of the fact that, despite their sophisticated shapes and demanding, intricate craftsmanship, these vessels were clearly mass-produced and intended for export. In comparison to other objects, for example censers, crosses and crucifixes, which were also produced in Hildesheim but evidently not for commercial distribution, there appears to have been a special market-oriented focus on aquamanilia. Only they were in demand. This phenomenon can also be observed in the case of French and English silver vessels and Italian censers produced in the 12th and 13th centuries. Even the simple step of taking into account the sites where artefacts from Hildesheim have been found counts as a significant contribution to medieval economic history, as it gives a clear idea of how these objects were distributed via already wellknown roads and waterways. Finally, the often applied approach of ‘object history’, which has attracted a great deal of academic commentary, can be seen as particularly relevant and rich in potential in the case of the Hildesheim Bronzes, as their reception is considered to be an essential part of the works themselves. Indeed, it is the lost artefacts, Messerschmidt’s Siberian findings, that form the starting point for scientific research into this art-form.

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- by Joanna Olchawa
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- 7
  Medieval History, Medieval Studies, Medieval Archaeology, Siberia

R. Graells, Problemas de cultura material: Las fibulas itálicas de la primera edad del hierro en el Golfo de León Occidental, Madrider Mitteilungen 55, 2014 [2015], 212-315.

The paper present bronze objects from the Archaic area of the Temple E at Selinunt, originally votive offerings, with a huge number of fragmented bronze vessels, suggesting the attribution of this material to ritual feasting and libation... more

Oversized bronze (or even gold) artefacts are truly unique products of Bronze Age metalworking. Until the beginning of the 2000s, only a few examples of gigantic metal objects have been known from this era throughout Europe (bronze axes... more

Autorizzazione del Tribunale di Milano n. 1940 del 2/5/1950 Con approvazione ecclesiastica Note per gli autori Arte Cristiana pubblica articoli proposti dagli autori o commissionati su invito, che sottopone al vaglio della Redazione e di... more

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- by Silvia Muzzin
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- 2
  Romanesque Art, Bronze Objects

Arqueomenorca, monografies, 117

Bronze short sword from Klecany, Pragae-East District. The paper deals with a bronze short sword found in an inhumation grave of the Middle Danubian Tumulus culture in Klecany, in the northern border of Prague, which has not been... more

In dem Vortrag wird der Bronzeschmuck aus der Grabung von André Plassart und Gustave Blum in Orchomenos (Arkadien) im Auftrag der EFA vorgestellt. Die Grabung fand vom Spätsommer bis Herbst 1913 statt. Der Schmuck besteht aus... more

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- by Joanna Olchawa
- •
- 5
  Art History, Medieval History, Medieval Art, Bronze Objects

Resumen: Por contra al punto de vista de la historiografía tradicional, el análisis de un recipiente metálico con «asas de manos» de época Ibérica y el estudio de otros hallazgos similares con variados contextos arqueológicos, nos permite... more

A repertory of Roman military bronze equipment (1st-3rd century AD) found at the archaeological site of Thamusida (Rabat, Morocco) was analysed by non-destructive X-ray fluorescence and time of flight neutron diffraction (TOF-ND). Most... more

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- by Robert Tykot
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- 20
  Arsenic, Morocco, Roman Army, Neutron Diffraction

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- by Joanna Olchawa
- •
- 6
  Medieval History, Medieval Studies, Medieval Art, Medieval Art History

A repertory of Roman military bronze equipment (1st-3rd century AD) found at the archaeological site of Thamusida (Rabat, Morocco) was analysed by non-destructive X-ray fluorescence and time of flight neutron diffraction (TOF-ND). Most... more

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- by Robert Tykot and +2
  Elisabetta Gliozzo
  Romano Rinaldi
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- 20
  Arsenic, Morocco, Roman Army, Neutron Diffraction

Two bronze statuettes - dog and deity - from Late Roman Pannonia found in the ruins of Tác. They may be interpreted with the help of Germanic mythology.

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- by Mihaly Nagy
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- 10
  Iranian Archaeology, Roman Religion, Late Antiquity, Roman Army

Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia de uso y distribución "Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional" (CC BY 4.0) RESUMEN Se presenta un fragmento de espada de tipo itálico encontrado... more

Arqueomenorca, monografies, 118

КЛАДЫ И ТАЙНИКИ БРОНЗОВЫХ ПРЕДМЕТОВ С ЖЕЛЕЗНЫМИ ИНСТРУМЕНТАМИ ГУННО-САРМАТСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ СО СРЕДНЕГО ЕНИСЕЯ. На Среднем Енисее клады и тайники бронзовых предметов с железными инструментами расположены в Назаровской, Чулымско-Енисейской и... more

КЛАДЫ И ТАЙНИКИ БРОНЗОВЫХ ПРЕДМЕТОВ С ЖЕЛЕЗНЫМИ ИНСТРУМЕНТАМИ ГУННО-САРМАТСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ СО СРЕДНЕГО ЕНИСЕЯ.
На Среднем Енисее клады и тайники бронзовых предметов с железными инструментами расположены в Назаровской, Чулымско-Енисейской и Минусинской котловинах. Относительная хронология кладов может определяться на основе сочетания в них нескольких различных по времени своего бытования предметных комплексов - «тагарских» и «хуннских» изделий из бронзы и железа. Неоднократно выявлены случаи нахождения в непосредственной близости от основных кладов дублирующих их по составу набора тайников. Наличие железных предметов и их комплектов в составе самого клада или «сопутствующем» тайнике может быть связано с характером его производственной «специализации» (клад литейщика или подборка инструментов, пригодных для горнорудной деятельности). В целом, же выявление и исследование кладов и тайников, в составе которых присутствуют комплекты различных железных инструментов, открывает новые перспективы для относительного датирования, интерпретации и систематизации таких вещевых комплексов.

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- by Yuri Oborin
- •
- 3
  Bronze Objects, Iron tools, Buried Treasure

An unknown variant of a Middle Bronze Age pin from Srbsko u Karlštejna (Beroun District). Approximately 750 m northeast of the village of Srbsko u Karlštejna in the Bohemian Karst, a bronze pin (Fig. 1–2) was found with the help of a... more

Bronze Objects

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