Historical Demography

Las escasas aportaciones existentes sobre la evolución de la población en Tabasco desde la conquista hasta finales del siglo XVII, sumado a la imposibilidad de aceptar algunos datos y resultados de los trabajos realizados al respecto, nos obligan a plantear la necesidad de cometer un análisis más pormenorizado sobre el tema en cuestión. Ello se explica por hecho de haber detectado una serie de errores en la interpretación de los documentos utilizados para esos estudios, que son prácticamente los mismos que hemos manejado nosotros. Tales consideraciones acreditan por sí solas la necesidad de efectuar dicho análisis. Realizaremos un examen de la evolución de los diferentes grupos poblacionales, como son el grupo indígena, el español o el mestizo, negro, mulato o naboría. Conocer el número estimado de pobladores posibilitará una mejor comprensión de la situación de marginalidad institucional a la que se vio sometida la región durante el periodo analizado.

In controtendenza con gli attuali orientamenti della storiografia italiana sull’Età moderna, questo libro ripropone una ricerca di prima mano su aspetti e problemi di argomento economico e sociale. Esso si segnala inoltre per l’area di rifermento esaminata: la Calabria meridionale e, in particolare, la zona del Reggino, inserendosi in una tradizione di studi che ha al suo attivo i pregevoli contributi di Giuseppe Galasso sul Cinquecento e di Augusto Placanica, specificamente, per il Settecento. In questa ottica il volume ridà spazio ai protagonisti anonimi di quel contesto e approfondisce una serie di aspetti sulle condizioni dell’economia e della società calabresi. Il tutto, mediante una documentazione inedita che consente di far luce e di verificare le tendenze di breve, medio e lungo periodo di quella realtà incrociando e comparando le fonti disponibili sul piano locale con quelle prodotte dalle coeve istituzioni centrali dello Stato.
Lo schema al quale egli si affida è quello di un’analisi di carattere demografico e socio-economico finalizzato ad esaminare l’andamento strutturale di una periferia sullo sfondo di quanto accade nell’Età moderna. In questa comparazione vengono evidenziate assonanze e discordanze dai modelli acquisiti dalla storiografia, sottolineando le peculiarità di alcuni fenomeni non sempre omologabili alle cronologie e agli sviluppi di quei secoli. Ne scaturisce una ricostruzione che mette in risalto talune specificità della zona esaminata, inquadrandone le congiunture nel panorama più ampio che fa da sfondo ai problemi di volta in volta esaminati.
Basata su una molteplicità di fonti, prevalentemente seriali, la ricostruzione dell’Autore non trascura il supporto di testimonianze narrative che concorrono ad integrare e a supportare le risultanze dei dati quantitativi. Per menzionare i materiali archivistici più frequentemente consultati, la ricerca si snoda attraverso la consultazione e l’analisi delle numerazioni dei fuochi, degli stati delle anime, dei relevi feudali, degli apprezzi e dei documenti fiscali delle diverse comunità esaminate fino ai dati ricavati dal fondo relativo alle “voci di vettovaglie” e da altre carte d’archivio, come le relationes ad limina, o da testimonianze desunte dalle cronache e dalla storiografia locale o da ulteriori documenti rintracciati negli archivi dei singoli centri esaminati.
Sulla scorta di questa ricca documentazione vengono ricostruiti aspetti estremamente interessanti della Calabria reggina e vengono evidenziate tendenze non sempre collimanti con quelle generali. A determinare lo scostamento dall’andamento tradizionalmente accreditato concorrono diversi fattori e, tra questi, svolgono un ruolo non trascurabile l’incidenza delle caratteristiche geomorfologiche del territorio e il comportamento dei protagonisti che devono condividerne gli inevitabili condizionamenti. In tutto questo emerge un rapporto simbiotico tra gli uomini e l’ambiente che permette di valutare il ruolo svolto dalla storia nel breve come nel lungo periodo.  (Tratto dall'introduzione del Prof. Giuseppe Poli)

Šire bihaćko područje je od središta hrvatskog etničkog prostora u srednjem vijeku, zbog osmanlijske invazije i dugotrajne okupacije postalo u novom vijeku rubno područje na granici velesila, država i različitih civilizacija. Demografske promjene, na koje su utjecale vojne i političke okolnosti, najviše su se odrazile na hrvatsko katoličko stanovništvo. U zahtjevnim okolnostima Hrvati katolici su u širem graničnom krajiškom području opstali najvećim dijelom oko samog grada Bihaća.

Do dolaska Turaka u Bosnu, a kasnije i u Hercegovinu, migracije su imale lokalni karakter. Život je bio vezan za rodovske i plemenske zajednice. Turska osvajanja su sasvim promijenila prilike. Promjene su i u političkom, društvenom i gospodarskom smislu. Od pada Jajca 1463. do pada Bihaća 1592. proteklo je oko 130 godina. Ovo je bilo okrutno i iscrpljujuće razdoblje za stanovništvo. Svaki novi sukob osmanlijskih osvajača sa zapadnim susjedima značit će novi udarac starosjedilačkom katoličkom stanovništvu. Osmanlijska osvajanja na prostoru srednje Bosne i istočne Hercegovine ostavila su 406 opustošenih sela i 146 mezri ranije nastanjenih katoličkim hrvatskim življem. U vrijeme ugarskog kralja Matijaša Korvina, Turci su naselili oko 200.000 Vlaha u predjele Srednje Bosne u mjestima iz kojih su pobjegli Hrvati katolici. U 16. stoljeću pravoslavni Vlasi su naseljeni na prostoru Maglaja, Tešnja, Teslića, Ozrena, Kupresa, Glamoča i drugih mjesta. 257 I na teritorij sjeverno od Glamoča, Kupresa i Jajca, u XVI. i XVII. stoljeću nastaju pravoslavna naselja. Na tom prostoru praznoga je zemljišta bilo dosta.

(Cet exposé n'est qu'une esquisse sans pretention) (This presentation is simply an unpretentious sketch)
Métis Unions & Weddings in Quebec; is an analysis of researches conducted from 2006 to 2009 containing the results of genealogical researches from people requesting the Aboriginal Status and / or Métis status in connection with the records of membership of some Band Councils in Quebec. It was conducted by Eric Pouliot-Thisdale, graduate in social sciences and member of the Faculty of Human Science from University of Quebec in Montreal, during university studies and involvements in a student association.

Eric Pouliot-Thisdale is a researcher since 15 years in the field of public archives of various sources, including historical and demographic archives who conducted several researches for Band Councils political land claims, as well as for particulars. Presently researcher for the Band Council of his community, Kanesatake, and a contributing writer and historical columnist for the weekly paper from the Kahnawake community, award winner of the best business, education stories from the Quebec Community Newspaper Association on 2016.

The book contains and present a copy of the Parish Duvno register 1750 -1758, the oldest register in the area of west Herzegovina. It was written in Croatian Cyrillic (from the end of 19th century called Bosanica, later also Bosančica) by Reverend Anton Ljubusović, who originates from Roško Polje.
The book does not present exclusively data offered by Ljubosović's register and analysis of it, but also data from the other registers related to this area. This register, could be of interest to historians and all those whose ancestors might be registered there.
The author writes about Ottoman conquests, population migration, inhabitants of the pre-Islamic period, wars and emigration to the Venetian Republic, separation of peoples by the state border, return of displaced persons to Bosnians. The author describes the agrarian relations in the Venetian Republic and the Ottoman Empire, the circumstances of life, the consequences of epidemics and religious life.

This is an anthology on the current use in Denmark of historical maps within a large number of subject areas and topics. Each of the articles focus on one such area.

The book is published electronically within the series of Geoforum Perspektiv as vol. 38 in open access online.

The paper is devoted to the study of sex and age structure of the Old Believed population of Kharkiv province. The influence of the features of legal status of Old Believers and the changes of statistics on the sex ratio among registered Old Believers is detected. The regional features of the demographics of the Old Believed population of Kharkiv province are explored. The age structure of the Old Believed population of the region is analyzed.

Aim Our aims were to test whether morphological species of mountain pines were genetically supported in the western part of the distribution range of the Pinus mugo species complex (Pinus mugo Turra sensu lato), to resolve genetically homogeneous clusters of populations, to determine historical demographic processes, and to assess the potential hybridization of mountain pines with Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.

Health status is a key dimension of well-being. This chapter describes long-term trends in life expectancy at birth by combining a wide variety of international databases, while maintaining some coherence in the methods used. In addition, the chapter presents data on the infant mortality rate. It shows that, on a global scale, life expectancy at first diverged in the late 19th and early 20th century, reflecting higher life expectancy in Western Europe and the Western Offshoots. From the second half of the 20th century onwards, life expectancy improved in other parts of the world as well (with the exception of Sub-Saharan Africa), leading to a global convergence in life expectancy. Within the world's regions, levels of life expectancy appear to have started diverging once more during the last three decades.

Genealogy and historical demography? Theoretical and practical possibilities of research into the network of social relations, as exemplified by a village in South Bohemia

The paper is divided into two parts. The first part summarises previous research based on the interconnection of methods of genealogy and historical demography in the Czech Republic and abroad, mainly in North America. Subsequently it offers an overview of basic trends and possibilities of how to use genealogy with demographic analyses. The second part of the article is focused on a reconstruction of the network of relations in a small South Bohemian village of Vítkov by Štěkeň near Strakonice at the turn of the 18th and 19thcenturies, which was based on registers of births and deaths, registers of subjects, and land records. The attempt to identify the network of social relations was done through the analysis of blood relations and godparental relations and wedding witnesses in individual families who were bound to the land by the ownership of one of fifteen homesteads. Nevertheless, attention was also paid to the lowermost classes of rural society.

Abstract: The paper analyses the developmental cycle of a family household in a chronological perspective, on the example of the village of Gostilje in western part of Serbia. The analysis draws on population censuses of 1849, 1857 and 1863. We identified the majority of families registered in 1849 in the following two censuses and compared their structures.

Cтатья посвящена результатам анализа купеческих сказок VI ревизии (1811), которые являются важным источником для изучения исторической демографии. Ревизские сказки содержат информацию о 4069 купеческих семьях, в том числе, о 1696 семьях «новых москвичей», прибывших между 1795 и 1811 годами.
Прирост населения Москвы в значительной степени был результатом миграции. В период 1794-1811 годов число жителей выросло со 175 тысяч чел. до 275 тысяч чел.
Анализ данных демонстрирует, что в период между V (1794) и VI (1811) ревизиями наблюдался значительный приток в московское купечество, состав которого обновился на 40%, приняв 1696 семейств. Среди вновь прибывших выходцы из Московской губернии составили 40%, выходцы из соседних губерний (Тульской, Калужской, Владимирской, Рязанской, Смоленской, Тверской, Ярославской) - 45%, и из дальних северных, Поволжских и Сибирских губерний – 15%. По сословной принадлежности среди мигрантов были определены такие группы, как купцы и мещане из других городов, крестьяне, а также другие малочисленные группы из духовенства, мелкого чиновничества, иностранцев и др. При этом среди лиц, поступивших в купеческое сословие, доминировали крестьяне, составляя в разных районах Москвы от 50% до 80%.

Galina Ulianova. Migration to Moscow in the end of XVIII and early XIX century in according to the merchants’ poll-tax registers (soul revisions) of VI revision (1811)

This article focuses on the results of the analysis of merchants’ poll-tax registers (soul revisions) of VI revision (1811), which are the important sources for the historical demography studies. The registers present information on 4069 families, including 1696 ‘new Muscovites’ families, arrived between 1795 and 1811.
The population growth in Moscow was largely the result of migration.In the period of 1794-1811, the number of residents increased from 175 to 275 thousand.
The data analysis shows that in the period between V (1794) and VI (1811) there was a significant influx into the Moscow merchant stratum from migrants. The Moscow merchantry composition was renewed by 40%, taking 1696 families. Among the newly arrived immigrants 40% came from the Moscow province, 45% came from neighbouring provinces, such as Vladimir, Kaluga, Tula, Tver’, Ryazan’, Smolensk, Yaroslavl’ provinces, and 15% came from far Northern, Volga and Siberia provinces. By social class such groups as merchants and tradesmen from other towns, peasants, and other small group of clergy, petty officials, and foreigners were identified among migrants. The peasants were dominated among the persons admitted to merchant group, ranging from 50% to 80% of inhabitants in different districts of Moscow.

The world population is now half urban, and this paper examines the growth of the very largest cities in the world mega-cities, that is cities with a population of 10 million and above. The paper then goes on to critique the shifting and changing nature of UN Prospects for World Urbanisation (PfWU) definitions of city size.

Die Monographie stellt akademische Geschichtsforschung, demographisches Denken und Bevölkerungswissenschaften in wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Kontexten dar.

Sie analysiert Forschungen und Expertisen zu ‚Volkstumswechsel‘ und ‚Umvolkung‘, zu Migrationen als ‚Völkerbewegungen‘ und zur ‚Bevölkerungs-‘, ‚Raum-‘ und ‚Siedlungsgeschichte‘. Speziell in der Zeit zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen avancierte ‚Bevölkerung‘ zu einem vorübergehend viel diskutierten Schlüsseltheorem.

Trotz des Legitimationsdrucks, der wegen ihrer Involvierung in die Politik des ‚Dritten Reichs‘ und aufgrund des veränderten internationalen Forschungsumfelds auf den ‚historischen Bevölkerungsforschungen‘ lastete, verloren ihre völkischen Denktraditionen in der frühen Bundesrepublik nur allmählich an Bedeutung.

Von der vorherrschenden makroskopischen Spielart der ‚Bevölkerungsgeschichte‘, die auf ‚Raum‘ und ‚Struktur‘ zentriert blieb, grenzten sich erst in den 1970er-Jahren in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland die ‚Historische Demographie‘ und in Österreich die ‚Historische Familienforschung‘ deutlich ab. Damit wurde nicht nur die Abwendung vom Paradigma des ‚Volks‘ endgültig festgeschrieben, sondern auch ein Durchbruch zur Internationalisierung ‚historischer Bevölkerungsforschungen‘ erzielt.

Αντικείμενο της μελέτης είναι η εξέλιξη του πληθυσμού στη Λευκάδα τον 19ο αιώνα. Από τη διερεύνηση αυτής της ιστορικής διεργασίας προκύπτουν δύο θεμελιώδη πορίσματα: Πρώτο, η Λευκάδα αντιπροσωπεύει έναν πρώιμο πυρήνα της δημογραφικής μετάβασης προς ένα πληθυσμό σύγχρονου τύπου στον Ελλαδικό χώρο. Δεύτερο, αυτό που συμβαίνει στη Λευκάδα αποτελεί ικανοποιητικό παράδειγμα των μηχανισμών που χαρακτηρίζουν τα δημογραφικά φαινόμενα σε ολόκληρη την ελληνική επικράτεια τη συγκεκριμένη ιστορική περίοδο.

Summary
Short article in Dutch about epidemics of plague and dysenteria around Breda in the periode 1660-1680. The original version dates from 1973 and was a result of my master thesis for a study in history at the University of Utrecht. This version is a revised edition made in February 2016. Shortly after 1670 the plague disappeared from the scene in this rural region, but its function was taken over by the ‘rode loop’, a kind of malign dysenteria which caused considerable damage.

The presented paper gives an overview of studies on historical demography and family in early modern Japan. It illustrates the efforts for a new interpretation of Tokugawa early modern period. The paper starts with a description of micro-level sources, of which the most significant ones are the annual registers of religious affiliation (shūmon aratame chō). Historical demographers and economic historians in the West influenced Japanese researchers’ method and approach. Professor Akira Hayami, inspired by the French reconstruction of families, enforced historical demography and family history in Japan in the late 1960s. Gradually, specialized subjects began to be researched: population trends and patterns, infant mortality, re-examination of infanticide, famine and mortality crisis, stem family household, headship, succession and retirement, adoption, and leaving home. A new direction in current and future research deals with these issues: reassessment of regional variation; village, household and individual lifecourse, and comparative framework. In this respect, Eurasian Project on Population and Family History (1995–1999) was very important. Since 2006 there has been a new Population and Family History Project (head prof. Satomi Kurosu) that is dedicated to archive, construct and analyse population records from pre-census Japan. Researchers at Reitaku University transcribe original documents, digitalize sources and copy personal details into Basic Data Sheets. It is a data organization method that follows the legacy of professor Akira Hayami.

In 1831, the Ottoman Empire implemented administrative changes, as a result of which, Tayk, one of the provinces of historical Armenia, became a part of the Erzurum Eyalet. Among the regions of Tayk, the Kaza (district) of Kiskim, located in the basin of the Chorokh River, had the largest Armenian population. The most famous Armenian villages of the Kiskim district were Upper and Lower Mohurkuts, Karmirk, Tsetkunts, Tandzut, Kudrashen, as well as the Khotorjour community.
In the mid-19th century, the living conditions of the Armenians of Kiskim worsened. According to K. Koch, only two Armenian-Catholic villages, Karmirk and Khotorjour, were completely inhabited by Armenians, while in the rest of the villages Armenians lived alongside Muslims. According to historical sources and archival documents, in the second half of the 19th century, there were more than 1100 Armenian households made up of some 9800 Armenians in the district of Kiskim.

In a context of stark opposition between supporters and opponents to the wolf, the extent to which this particular predator is dangerous for humans is still an open question.
What lies beneath the negative perception of the wolf?
What should be the historian's contribution, based on historical sources and historical methods?
Thanks to a database of 4,700 cases of wolf attacks on human having occurred in France between 1580 and 1880, it is now possible to grasp the chronological evolution and spatial evolution of wolf related risks.
Undeniably real, though mostly belonging to a remote past, and statistically rare, though anthropologically intolerable, these attacks point to two opposite groups, predatory wolves occasionally preying on humans on one hand, rabid wolves striking indiscriminately a whole population on the other.
The attacks of the first kind occurred regularly in an unsafe environment, and gave rise to tales of "Ferocious Beasts" in times of dramatic crisis (1594-1600, 1691-1694, 1746-1750, 1764-1767, 1814-1819).
The second kind was spatially and chronologically less widespread, but sowed the seeds of mass hysteria, all the more persistent since the underlying sickness it forebode remained without a cure before the last third of the 20th century.
The conclusion between these two different realities gave Canis Lupus its negative aura, significantly dimmed recently however since it has entirely lost its material basis, at least in France.

I 1743 sende Danske kanselli ut ei spørjeliste med 43 spørsmål om geografiske, økonomiske , historiske og kulturelle forhold. Mottakarane var embetsmenn og geistlege i Noreg. Lista gjekk ut i ein periode der Noreg var prega av uår og epidemiar, og i 1741-1743 kan vi snakke om ei såkalla demografisk krise.  Som samtidsskildring vert svara på spørjegranskinga ei unik kjelde til lokale og regionale utslag av den demografiske krisa. Råka ho samstundes og likt på Austlandet og Vestlandet, korleis vart krisa tolka i samtida, og kan svara på spørjegranskinga fortelje noko om svolt og epidemiar var like viktige årsaker til krisa?

"שני מנגנונים שולטים בגודל האוכלוסייה: תוחלת חיים בגילאים שונים ושיעור הפריון".  במאמר זה נבחן התפתחות הפריון הכולל  בקרב קבוצות האוכלוסייה המתגוררת בארץ ישראל לפי לאום, דת ואזורי ההתיישבות השונים. נשווה את ההתפתחות הזאת עם התפתחות המתרחשת בפריון הכולל בעולם ובקרב אוכלוסיות של מדינות השונות במזרח התיכון.
כפי שנראה בהמשך, הפריון הכולל אצל היהודים ירד במשך 45 שנה, החל מראשית שנות ה-60 של המאה ה- XX ועד תחילת המאה ה-XXI. עד שנת 1995 הפריון הכולל אצל היהודים בישראל היה הנמוך ביותר  מכלל מדינות במזרח התיכון ונמוך בהרבה גם  מהפריון הכולל אצל הערבים החיים בארץ ישראל.
אך החל משנת 2001, הפריון הכולל אצל היהודים החל לעלות במהירות עד אשר בשנת 2016 הוא הפך להיות גבוה יותר מהפריון הכולל שהיה אצל תושבי 10 מתוך 15 מדינות  במזרח התיכון, מהפריון הכולל אצל הערבים, אזרחי מדינת ישראל, ותושבי יהודה והשומרון. בשנת 2016 רק ב-5 מדינות ואזורים מנהליים במזרח התיכון הפריון הכולל אצל הערבים היה גבוה מזה שהיה אצל היהודים במדינת ישראל.
נתונים הדמוגרפיים של האוכלוסייה המתגוררת בארץ ישראל מראים כי מגמת השינוי בפריון הכולל אשר קיימת בעשור האחרון, 2006-2016, מצביע על המשך העלייה בפריון הכולל אצל היהודים ועל הירידה המתמדת בו במדינות במזרח התיכון והעולם הערבי בכלל ואצל הערבים המתגוררים בכל המחוזות המנהליים בארץ ישראל.

Thilo Sarrazin - Der wissenschaftliche Paradigmenwechsel hinter seinen Sachargumten

Dieser Aufsatz von Andreas Vonderach umreißt in einer Dichte wie bislang kein zweiter bekannter deutschsprachiger Aufsatz den wissenschaftlichen Paradigmenwechsel, der hinter den naturwissenschaftlichen Sachargumenten von Thilo Sarrazin steht, und für den ich selbst in dem Manuskript "200.000 Jahre Humanevolution" (siehe nächstes "Paper") viel Literatur zusammengestellt habe. (Mit dieser Literaturliste habe ich auch Andreas Vonderach manche Anregung geben können.)

Dieser Aufsatz des Anthropologen Andreas Vonderach, M.A., wird hier - mit Erlaubnis des Autors und des Herausgebers - veröffentlicht, um ihn im Netz verfügbar zu machen.

Ich selbst habe mich zwar mit dem Autor seit unseren gemeinsamen Studienjahren am Anthropologischen Institut der Universität Mainz, wo wir uns kennengelernt haben, über solche wissenschaftlichen Themen ausgetauscht, kann mich aber (leider!!!) nicht als Koautor dieses Aufsatzes bezeichnen.

Sobald er von seiner Zeitschrift selbst im Netz freigeschaltet worden ist, werde ich ihn hier wieder löschen.

Solche Aufsätze sollten jetzt eigentlich in der FAZ, in der Zeit, im Focus oder im Spiegel erscheinen, um die von Thilo Sarrazin angestoßene wissenschaftliche Sachdebatte weiter fortführen zu können. Der Focus hat dieses Thema übrigens auch schon ausführlicher behandelt,

http://www.focus.de/gesundheit/ratgeber/zukunftsmedizin/visionen/rassen/ethnische-medizin_aid_19369.html

ebenso die beiden anderen Zeitungen. Weiteres zu all dem auch auf meinem Blog

http://studgenpol.blogspot.com

This article provides a general chronology of Italian famines, incorporating earlier chronologies as well as recent research on preindustrial mortality crises and covering the whole period from circa 1250 to 1810. Hypotheses about the occurrence of famines are tested using the largest-existing database of time series of burials, covering northern Italy and part of central Italy, as well as a database of time series of wheat prices covering the whole of the Peninsula. The role played by food provisioning institutions is briefly detailed and a summary discussion of the causative factors of famines is provided. We argue that the majority of the most severe medieval and early modern famines happen when a situation of high demographic pressure on the available resources couples with periods of meteorological instability of the kind unfavorable to wheat crops, and the crisis is so widespread that institutions are unable to provide effective remedies.

Hrvoje Petrić student: Tomislav Habdija U Zagrebu, rujan 2014. 14 J. Donald Hughes, Što je povijest okoliša?, Zagreb:Disput, 2011., str 9. (dalje: Hughes: Povijest) 15 Isto, str.10 16 Hrvoje. "Što je povijest okoliša" u Historični seminar 6 (ur. Katarina Kener i Katarina Štern). Ljubljana: Založba ZRC, Založba SAZU, 2008. str.156 17 Hughes: Povijest, str. 10 32 Isto, str. 159 33 Isto, str. 159-160 13 Shema 1: Model analize ranjivosti društva na glad prema Engler, Developing FVAM prema Engler, Developing FVAM Ranjivost društva prije gladi Sposobnost suočavanja Pokretači oskudice i gladi Strategije adaptacije Neuspješne Uspješne Velika ranjivost Smanjenje ranjivosti Posljedice Nadilaženje ranjivosti Pogrešne odluke Zaborav Gubitak iskustva (smjena generacija)

This analysis assesses urban mortality change in Imperial Germany, when the country was going through a process of accelerated industrialization and urbanization. Urban mortality reached its peak after the middle of the century, thereafter urban mortality improved substantially. The largest cities, particularly in the highly industrialized western parts of the country, registered the strongest decline. A key element in this process was the reduction of mortality from gastrointestinal disorders, aecting almost exclusively infants. Therefore this analysis discusses the impact of selected public health strategies designed to ®ght high infant mortality rates. Special emphasis is placed on municipal milk supply and infant welfare centres. #

Cet article s'intéresse aux enfants de Nicolas Lebel, ce pionnier de Nouvelle-France né près de Rouen vers 1633. Le nombre de Québécois actuels qui descendent de ce Normand est estimé à près de deux millions. On découvre toutefois qu'au moins deux des trois fils documentés de Lebel ne le sont pas par la biologie. En outre, certains indices suggèrent que sa seule fille pourrait aussi être née d'autrui. Les données ADN du chromosome Y ne laissent par contre aucun doute quant aux origines distinctes des trois «frères» Lebel qu'expriment leurs filiations masculines. Le cas est à ce point singulier qu'il faut s'interroger sur la possible infertilité du patriarche. Les informations recueillies sur cette famille ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives sur les mœurs de l'intimité aux premiers temps de la Nouvelle-France, alors que les réalités observées peuvent s'expliquer de différentes façons. À l'évidence, jamais ne pourra-t-on trier les scénarios concurrents et situer toute la vérité. Des indices circonstanciels dans les relations entre les familles concernées aident néanmoins à l'interprétation des faits mis au jour.

Introducción on varias las respuestas que se han formulado a la pregunta de qué es la historia y para qué sirve: a conocer algunas de ellas hemos dedicado nuestros primeros años entre los claustros universitarios. No queremos aquí mencionar todas, ni siquiera muchas de esas respuestas. Sólo queremos hacer referencia a aquella que llega ahora a la memoria y que consideraba que los historiadores debían cumplir la función social de recordar lo que las instituciones o la comunidad van llevando al olvido. Este último fenómeno -el olvido -S Diacronie Studi di Storia Contemporanea  www.diacronie.it N. 12 | 4|2012 Sulle tracce delle idee 11/ El Censo Nacional de 1960 en Argentina La distribución de la población como herramienta de la historia política Carlos Fernando HUDSON * La morfología de la Argentina de la primera mitad de la década de 1960 se nos presenta con una distribución de la población que consolida fuertemente la visión de la ciudad líder que se transforma en un escenario desproporcionadamente pequeño para el procesamiento de los conflictos políticos de un espacio más amplio y diverso de lo que salta a la vista mirando las dinámicas políticas. En este trabajo analizamos, con base en la lectura analítica del Censo Nacional de Población de 1960, efectuado durante el gobierno de Arturo Frondizi, cómo se refractan en él los orígenes e identidades que configuran la morfología del país que entrará en una profunda crisis política a partir del derrocamiento de este presidente y la asunción del Dr. José María Guido. El Censo Nacional de 1960 en Argentina.La distribución de la población como herramienta de la historia política Diacronie. Studi di Storia Contemporanea 2 puede tener diversos grises, desde la negación hasta el vacío involuntario, pasando por las distintas pérdidas, confusiones o cambios en los detalles 1 . Lo concreto es que al recordar diferentes "hitos" que nos sirven para ordenar lo diacrónico y lo sincrónico en nuestra percepción del pasado, corremos el riesgo de perder de vista lo común, lo que no se destaca, lo que cambia lentamente, lo que no es un mojón 2 . También podemos llevar nuestra imaginación hacia ciertos colores y formas del pasado; hay, sin embargo, aspectos que pasamos por alto en esas figuraciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar las características de la población de la Argentina a lo largo de la década de 1960 para complementar las formas de * El autor Carlos Fernando Hudson es profesor en Historia, UNMdP, Argentina. Becario doctoral de CONICET, ha publicado diversos artículos académicos en torno a lo que es su investigación actual, el gobierno de José María Guido. Es coeditor del libro Figuraciones del siglo XIX. Libros, escenarios y miradas (Mar del Plata, Finisterre editores, 2007). URL: < http://studistorici.com/progett/autori/#Hudson > Per citare questo articolo: HUDSON, Carlos Fernando, «El Censo Nacional de 1960 en Argentina.La distribución de la población como herramienta de la historia política», Diacronie. Studi di Storia Contemporanea: Sulle tracce delle idee, 29/12/2012, Diritti: gli articoli di Diacronie. Studi di Storia Contemporanea sono pubblicati sotto licenza Creative Commons 2.5. Possono essere riprodotti a patto di non modificarne i contenuti e di non usarli per fini commerciali. La citazione di estratti è comunque sempre autorizzata, nei limiti previsti dalla legge.

"Data on vital events of medieval women are extremely scarce. We use a dataset based on a necrology of nuns in late-medieval Holland to arrive at estimates for the development of life expectancy and mortality. The first study of its kind for the Low
Countries, it shows striking differences in the development of life expectancy and mortality between Holland and England. In the fifteenth century, life expectancy at age 25 in Holland was much higher than in England. Also, mortality among our population of nuns was much lower than among monks in England, and mortality crises were less frequent. Our result support claims by Van Bavel and Van Zanden (2003) about the relatively early recovery of
the population of Holland, as well as the mild impact of infectious diseases. The comparison with England suggests that this country’s crisis of the late Middle Ages was most likely the
result of a high-mortality demographic regime."

Résumé : L’histoire des populations recèle des métissages anciens que la recherche par ADN parvient aujourd’hui à détecter. Cet article démontre la pertinence de cette méthode pour l’étude de l’Acadie, de son ethnogenèse et de son prolongement québécois en y exploitant spécifiquement la présence d’ADN amérindien. Un développement distinctif et exclusif au continent américain y caractérise en effet la population autochtone.