Industrial Archaeology and Heritage

Between 1806 and 1865 alum was produced at three factories near Bonn-Niederholtorf. Archive research, field surveys, lidar data and trial excavations have revealed vast remains of the most important alum producing site within the kingdom of Prussia.
Brown coal was used as raw material for the chemical processes, which included burning the coal at low temperature, elutriating the newly generated aluminum sulfat and the creation of the alum. The process had an impact on the surroundig country side due to mining subsidence damage, the remains of the three factories as well as large areas covered by slag and ash dumps.

This report presents results of historical and archaeological investigations of the Vitrified Products Corporation manufacturing plant, an architectural ceramics factory that operated in San Diego from 1923 to 1942. The factory site is located at the corner of Rosecrans Street and Pacific Highway near Old Town San Diego (Figures 1 and 2). The investigation combined historic research and archaeological excavations of the factory site. Archival research was conducted at the San Diego Historical Society Research Archives, City of San Diego Central Library, San Diego County Museum of Natural History Library, University of California at San Diego Central Library, and the Library of San Diego State University. The purpose of the project was to locate and identify archaeological remains of the factory and, through a combined interpretation of archival and archaeological data, determine how the kilns and related facilities operated. Remains of four downdraft kilns exemplifying two distinct designs and segments of a complex transfer flue system were identified. The site has been recorded at SDSU and the Museum of Man (Attachment 1). The kiln remains were initially discovered during grading for the County Mental Health Facility. Grading was halted, and the program described in this report was implemented to mitigate adverse impacts to the historic site. Production of this report completes the mitigation requirements identified by County staff. The preparation of this report was completed with information provided by Karl Gurcke, expert on brick and tile production. Mr. Gurcke provided valuable references and insight into the remains. His participation was necessary to the successful completion of the mitigation program

ΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ ΣΤΟ ΠΛΑΙΣΙΟ ΤΗΣ ΕΚΘΕΣΗΣ «ΒΙΟΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΗ ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ 1980-2015: ΔΙΑΣΩΣΗ, ΕΡΕΥΝΑ, ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ», Πέμπτη, 30 Νοεμβρίου 2017, Ώρα: 16.00, ΑΙΘΟΥΣΑ ΕΚΔΗΛΩΣΕΩΝ, ΣΧΟΛΙΚΟΥ ΣΥΓΚΡΟΤΗΜΑΤΟΣ ΕΥΚΛΕΙΔΗΣ, ΟΔΟΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ ΠΑΠΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΟΥ 13, ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ

The Amazon Rainforest is an anthropogenic forest in constant management of forest resources modifying the environment in persistent ways . Even though both hybrid and native rubber trees have been tapped industrially, rubber trees have modified the Amazon Rainforest landscape and population at least since the 19th century until now. The Amazon Rubber Boom and consequent rising of belle époque elites[1] at Amazon is due its economy, which considered rubber by that time as "black gold." In addition, the presence of ghost cities [2]at Amazon, such as Fordland and Belterra, reinforce the collapse of its powerful industry, which abandoned entire factories, planned cities, rubber plantations, and people. During World War II, the Brazilian rubber industry rose again for a few years. Afterwards, rubber tappers and activists made possible the creation of National Extractive Reserves all over the country for sustainable activities. Nowadays, in these reserves, rubber tappers thrive from traditional practices (fishing, hunting, gathering, handicraft, and tapping in a minor scale) and yet their local knowledge and discourses still tell stories about rubber and entanglements in between things, techniques, forest, fungi, animals, humans, and non-humans.

The Ruhr region was an important mining and indus-trial production area for almost 150 years between 19th and 20th centuries due to the rich coal sources under the area between Ruhr and Lippe rivers. During inten-sive mining and production periods, the landscape of the Ruhr changed drastically and perpetually so to be described as an industrial landscape. Besides the indus-trial structures, slag heaps constituted a significant ele-ment of this industrial landscape as manmade mounds on the formerly flat surface. After the decline of indus-tries in the region, the industrial landscape of the Ruhr aimed to be transformed through a special framework of projects named IBA Emscher Park. Dealing primar-ily with ecological issues, IBA projects aimed at revers-ing the ecological, aesthetic, and social abuse of the landscape, including a special treatment for slag heaps. As demonstrated here with three cases, which are Rhei-nelbe slag heap with Himmelstreppe, Batenbrock slag heap with Tetraed...

This model is designed to provide an interpretation of the original layout of the former Sudbury Hall gasworks. The gasworks are a rare surviving example of an ornate private gasworks built in the style of the surrounding estate buildings. The Sudbury Estate being built in the restoration style, the gasworks was built in 1874 and was designed by George Devey, a noted architect of the time. The gasworks supplied the house and various properties in the village, operating up until the 1920’s.
The gasworks is Grade II listed and has been in urgent need of repair and the local community has formed the Sudbury Gasworks Restoration Trust (SGRT), a building preservation trust which aims to save the building and adapt it to serve the community once again (http://www.sudburygasworks.com/history/). Sudbury hall is located in the village of Sudbury, Derbyshire, UK and the nearby Hall is now a National Trust Property.  This model is one of a series created by Russell Thomas for use in educational and public engagement projects.

This paper analyses industrial buildings that were built at the beginning of the twentieth century, when technological progress represented the new future. These constructions possess a series of technological and cultural values that make them an important witness and record to understand the change that occurred in the modernist conception of architecture. Giedion identifies this epoch as a period of transition between the second and the third conception. In this phase, several factories were built with a modern vision, designed by engineers, which were quickly transformed into fields of experimentation, turned into models with new shapes and new materials. Experimentation fields inspired by new spatial and pragmatic needs that ended up creating a new architectural language. Architecture has no historical references to discuss and begins its change internally, creating spaces that are more flexible. Forms, materials and industrial aesthetics have had a great influence on architects and modern architecture. Industry and its processes have inspired and continue to attract the imagination of artists and architects.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate, through the history of industry, two examples of power factories of the early twentieth century: the Tejo Power Station in Lisbon and the Montemartini  Power Station in Rome. Their conversion into technical museums is an act due to their architectural and scientific value, since an industrial building is nothing more than a combination of art and technology. 
The paper is organized in three parts. The first part will introduce the history of the industry and the need to mechanize the workspace, favoured by the creation of new materials. The second part aims at discussing the birth of industrial architecture with European examples, focusing more on the case studies examined and how a power station space works. The last part will be dedicated to the historical analysis of the consequences of industrial architecture, which in fact created a "big zero", reinventing prototypes, promoting a process of standardization and a new modern language based on industrial aesthetics and on its efficiency. The charm of industrial aesthetics cannot be ignored, and in many cases it is pivotal for a project to reuse the building, as occurred with the power plants analysed. Through an analysis of very big and complex machines, it is possible to understand how the beauty of the industrial object has changed the vision of art and architecture.

LACKO, Miroslav. Robotnícke kolónie na Železníku - zabudnutý industriálny skvost [Workers' Lodgings in Železník - A Forgotten Industrial Jewel]. In: Z dějin hutnictví 42 - Rozpravy Národního technického muzea v Praze 219 (2012), pp. 119-150. ISSN 0139-9810. ISBN 978-80-7037-212-8.

Milyen lehetőségeket rejt magában a vaskohászati ipari örökség egy posztindusztrialista és posztszocialista településen? Erre a kérdésre keresem a választ két közép-európai iparváros, a vaskohászat egykori fellegvárainak számító Ostrava és Miskolc stratégiáinak összehasonlító elemzésével. Az ostravai Vítkovicei Vasmű és a miskolci Diósgyőri Vasgyár egyaránt közös történelmi térben helyezkedtek el, ami hasonló lehetőségeket biztosított számukra, mégis eltérő eredményekhez vezetett az 1867–1990 közötti hosszú időszakban. Az 1990-es évek társadalmi, politikai és gazdasági folyamatai a vaskohászat ágazati leépüléshez, vagyis az egykori cégek megszűnéséhez vezetett. A hátramaradó üzemek, berendezések, eszközök, illetve maga a település és a táj, azaz az ipari örökség hasznosítására azonban meglehetősen eltérő válaszokat adtak és adnak Csehországban és Magyarországon.

Da tempo l'Industrial Heritage costituisce una delle leve strategiche per il rilancio culturale di città e territori e per nuovi programmi di rigenerazione urbana. Molti progetti e realizzazioni dimostrano come buone pratiche di salvaguardia e recupero possano dare adeguata valorizzazione ai beni della civiltà industriale e restituirli al pubblico come patrimonio culturale collettivo. Chi si occupa di patrimonio industriale deve, tuttavia, fronteggiare sempre nuove sfide, non solo per la straordinaria varietà e complessità delle sue componenti, per la sua enorme diffusione in tutte le aree del mondo, ma anche e soprattutto per i rapidissimi cambiamenti culturali, economici e sociali che impongono l'elaborazione di strategie e politiche di conservazione, riuso e valorizzazione sempre più diversificate e innovative. L'Associazione Italiana per il Patrimonio Archeologico Industriale (AIPAI), in occasione del ventennale della sua attività, ha organizzato i primi Stati Generali del Patrimonio Industriale, per analizzare dalle diverse prospettive disciplinari i nuovi orizzonti teorici e metodologici del patrimonio industriale, e per promuovere un confronto tra le esperienze passate e presenti. Dagli innumerevoli contributi raccolti in questo volume e dalla vasta casistica che li accompagna, si possono cogliere le criticità vecchie e nuove proprie di questo settore, ma anche le opportunità progettuali inedite e creative che si stanno aprendo all'interno di processi di sviluppo sostenibile, capaci di mobilitare tutte le risorse e tutti i soggetti presenti nel territorio.

Binnen het totale proces van de vlasvezelbereiding neemt het roten, het 'losweken' van de vlasvezel van de stengel, steeds een belangrijke plaats in - omdat hier de basis gelegd wordt van de uiteindelijke kwaliteit van het vlaslint. 'Roten' is een verrottingsproces d.m.v. bacterieën, waarbij de vlasvezel die aan de buitenkant van de stengel zit loskomt van de houtachtige binnenstengel.

Deze tekst is een voorbereidend en niet-gepubliceerd werkdocument, eind 2007 en begin 2008 samengesteld in het kader van de herprofilering en de erkenning door de Vlaamse Overheid van het toenmalige Kortrijkse ‘Vlasmuseum’- thans ‘Texture’.
Bedoeling was de vlasnijverheid van Kortrijk en de Leievallei in een ruimere historische en ruimtelijke context te plaatsen, en links te leggen naar de productie van andere textiele vezels.

De tekst verscheen onder dezelfde titel, maar sterk ingekort in het Vlaams-Nederlandse tijdschrift ‘Erfgoed van Industrie en Techniek’, dubbelnummer 2007/4 + 2008/1, zie :
http://www.vvia.be/publicaties/EIT/eit_0801.htm

Today, lack of consciousness and acts of wrong preservation constitute a big threat for the demolish-ment of historical industrial buldings. These buildings which in time lost their functions have not been given as much importance as the other monumental building types and thus have not been preserved. With the development of technology and establishment of new factories, mills, like many industrial buildings , lost their function and were abandoned to demolishment. Only very recently have these buildings been considered industry's historical witnesses and been taken under preservation. One of the19 th century industrial buildings, which has lost its function today and become a ruin very quickly as a result of remaining unused and uncared for, is the Unkapanı Mill. The aim of this essay is to enable the registration of Unkapanı Mill by documenting its destruction day by day so that it will be taken under preservation at least from now on. Therefore first, the history of the building, its location and the characteristics of its surroundings are explained. Then the change it underwent since the time it was built, is analyzed from an architectural perspective. Findings are supported with planimetric drawings and elevations; as a result, a solution is proposed to reanimate the building.

On the extreme Southern Edge of Orange County California, amongst the rolling grass covered hills and wooded canyons of Rancho Mission Viejo, lies a little known complex of plain nondescript buildings and large steel framed structures – known for decades as the Capistrano Test Site


In early 2010, an historical evaluation of the test site found that 11 buildings and structures associated with development of the Lunar Module Descent Engines qualify as important resources under the California Environmental Quality Act.  These features were used in the testing and development of the Lunar-Module Descent Engines from 1964 to the end of the Apollo Program in 1972

Industrial movement has changed the face of Iranian cities drastically so lots of Iranian cities inherited a considerable number of industrial heritage sites, buildings and monuments. Based on general review on the documentary evidence, a considerable number of sites and buildings have changed during these years. Now a days, a considerable number of remaining factories have been deselected and abandoned in all over Iran This paper is to make a comprehensive overview on reunderstanding critical circumstances of industrial heritage of Iran in order to find the major challenges and obstacles regarding to industrial heritage sites, buildings and monuments of Iran. Methodology of the paper emphasize on a quantitative – qualitative approach for reunderstanding of the research aims and objectives. The research team refers to the most important documents regarding to recent statistics of industrial heritage sites, buildings and monuments of Iran based on Statistical Center of Iran.As a consequence considerable number of factories are waiting for adaptive reuse based on some change in technology of economic atmosphere. 2-A drastic change in workforce is obvious. There is a meaningful shift from heavy industry to creatively new emerged technologies based on IT, ICT etc. 3-National policies toward industrial complexes were not good enough to promote industrial sector of Iran as a prosperous future could not be describe easily.

RESUMEN: La industrialización valenciana se fundamentó sobre una base agraria, especializada en tres producciones orientadas al mercado: el arroz en las zonas de marjal, la naranja en los antiguos secanos transformados de las llanuras litorales, y la vid para la elaboración de vino en las comarcas interiores de secano. Estos cambios fueron posibles gracias a la creación de una red de ferrocarriles que enlazaron los centros productores con los puertos de exportación y a la adopción de una moderna tecnología propia de la Revolución Industrial. Destaca la aplicación de la máquina de vapor como motor de los arados de subsuelo para roturar nuevas tierras destinadas a viñedos, de las bombas para elevar el agua para el riego de los huertos de naranjos y de las turbinas para el desagüe de los campos de arroz. Estos avances tecnológicos, entre otros, permitieron la puesta en cultivo de amplias superficies en un corto espacio de tiempo.
El tema de la industrialización valenciana ha sido estudiado desde el campo de la historia económica, pero no se ha prestado la misma atención a los paisajes resultantes de este proceso. Por ello esta comunicación pretende ofrecer una visión de conjunto de estos tres tipos de paisaje y de su patrimonio construido, que ha sido objeto de estudio de forma muy desigual. Se plantea también como un estado de la cuestión en el que se recogen las principales referencias bibliográficas y se identifican aspectos pendientes de estudio.
Analizamos un ejemplo representativo de cada uno de estos tres paisajes: los arrozales del marjal de la Albufera de Valencia, los huertos de naranjos de la Ribera del Xúquer y los viñedos de la Meseta de Utiel-Requena. Identificamos los rasgos caracterizadores de cada uno de ellos, sus principales tipologías arquitectónicas y elementos construidos entre los campos de cultivo (casas de máquinas y chimeneas; secadoras y trilladoras de arroz; bodegas de vinificación…) y en los bordes de las poblaciones, próximos a las estaciones de ferrocarril, relacionadas con la transformación o manipulación para su comercialización (molinos arroceros, bodegas de comisionistas, almacenes de naranjas…). Con el cambio tecnológico han quedado obsoletos, por lo que muchos catálogos han abordado la conservación y reutilización de los más destacados, cuyo significado no puede entenderse de forma aislada, sino en relación al paisaje del que formaron parte.
ABSTRACT: The Valencian industrialisation was agrarian based, specialising in three market-oriented productions: the rice in the zones of marsh, the orange in transformed former dry lands of the coastal plains, and the grape for the production of wine in the non-irrigated inlands. These changes were possible thanks to the creation of a railroad network that connected the production centres with the export ports and the adoption of a modern technology from the Industrial Revolution. It is worth noting the application of the steam engine as motor of the subsoil ploughs to plow new lands destined for vineyards, of the pumps of water for the irrigation of orange trees fields and of the turbines to drain the rice-fields. These technological advances, between others, allowed farming wide surfaces in a short period.
The Valencian industrialisation topic has been studied from the field of the economic history, but the same attention has not been brought to the changes in the landscapes as a result of this process. Hence, this communication tries to offer an overall view of these three landscape types and their heritage buildings, which have been unequally object of study. It appears also as a state of play in which the principal bibliographical references are gathered and pending aspects on study are identified.
We analyse a representative example of each one of these three landscapes: the rice-fields of the Valencia’s Albufera marsh, the fields of orange trees of the Ribera del Xúquer and the vineyards of the Utiel-Requena plateau. We identify their features, the principal architectural typologies and elements built between the farming fields (machines houses and chimneys; tumble rice dryers and threshers; fermentation cellars…) and the edges of the villages, close to the railway stations, related to the transformation or manufacturing for commercialisation (rice mills, wine merchanthouses, orange warehouses…). With the technological change, they have become obsolete, and many catalogues have approached the conservation and reutilisation of the most outstanding whose meaning cannot be understood in an isolated form, but in relation to the landscape of which they were part of.

A review of the archaeological evidence has found that with the exception of the kiln site and the chapel there are no other known heritage assets within the study area. The course of the former Roman road from Bath to Sea Mills is thought to have run along the crest of the northern slopes of the Avon valley, but no Roman remains are known from the vicinity. During the later Middle Ages the study area was part of the Royal Forest of Kingswood. This was partitioned in the later 17th century and subject to piecemeal development. The documentary evidence is by no means complete and does not preclude within the study area the presence of buried archaeological remains dating from the prehistoric, Roman, medieval and early post-medieval periods. It is possible the buried remains of 18th century structures are preserved within the study area, while the presence of structural remains relating to an early 19th century pottery and house are likely to be preserved. Buried archaeological features relating to the former Wesleyan Methodist chapel may also be preserved.

The paper studies the creation of public space from the reuse of old industrial buildings within the urban fabric of modern cities. The example that it analyses is the old oil mill of Elefsina, a coastal city of Attica that has been inhabited since ancient times and is due to become the cultural capital of Europe in 2021. In antiquity, Elefsina was one of the five holy cities of Ancient Greece, connected to Athens through the “Holy Road.” Then, in the 19th and 20th centuries, it became a powerful industrial centre of Greece, and the subsequent abandonment of industrial uses created a strong heterotopia, caught between antiquities and its industrial heritage, as reflected in the public space of the city. Firstly, the paper explores the possibilities of converting industrial shells into public spaces, noting their comparative advantages over other urban gaps in cities. Then, it describes the evolution of public space in the city of Elefsina concerning the changes that occurred in that area due to residential and industrial development. Emphasis is given to the last two centuries when the most significant and most important changes occurred. The research focuses on the area of the old oil mill concerning the rest of the urban fabric through maps created during field research in the area. It studies the possibility of producing public space that follows already formed spaces through the transformation of old industrial buildings. It also examines the transformation of the industrial building into a public space with beneficial uses. Indeed, the oil mill now functions as a social capacitor where numerous events and artistic activities have taken place every summer for the last 43 years as part of the Aeschylia Festival. Finally, it presents valuable conclusions about the production of public space from the reuse of old industrial buildings.

Within the inner-city suburb of Balmain across the harbour from Sydney’s CBD lies the remnants of Australia’s first dry dock built in 1855.  Scattered throughout the peninsula are surrounding elements of the maritime community that supported the ship building industry.  This thesis explores the cultural landscape of Balmain’s maritime community in its heyday from 1860 to 1910, and as a consequence of investigation presents Balmain as a case study for identifying and understanding a ‘maritime community landscape’ and answer the research question:
What does a cultural landscape of a maritime community look like, and how is it identified in the archaeological record of the physical and cognitive landscapes? This thesis demonstrated that beyond the study of individual sites such as a dock, there exists the potential to locate auxiliary components that not only contributed to the industrial capabilities of the area but also served the community.  By the investigation of archaeological signatures and cultural markers that demonstrated a maritime orientation, various structures, spatial patterns in development, and ways in which the natural environment was utilised and modified to suit maritime purposes were identified and interpreted holistically within the physical and cognitive landscapes.

An urban-character study of Abergynolwyn was prepared in 2017 in support of the Wales Slate World Heritage Nomination to be submitted to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). Abergynolwyn is a nineteenth-century village in the Dysynni valley in Merioneth, which was built to house quarrymen at Bryn Eglwys slate quarry, and stands close to the narrow-gauge Talyllyn Railway,  which served both the quarry and the village.
The report outlines the history of quarrying in the locality and the development of Abergynolwyn and the Talyllyn Railway. The character study examines the pattern of settlement and its relationship to its existing infrastructure of roads and pre-industrial farmsteads. Based mainly on industrial housing, but also encompassing commercial, cultural and religious buildings, it discusses the influence of the local economy, cultural aspirations, social structure and the use of building materials, all of which have contributed to the special character of Abergynolwyn’s built heritage. The variety of historic character within the
village is highlighted by the identification of separate character areas.
Abergynolwyn came into existence after the opening of Bryn Eglwys Quarry in 1844 and there was an intense period of development from 1864 to the early 1880s. It represents a boom period in the local economy, following which there was a prolonged decline, with
little new building, which has ensured that the town retains its nineteenth-century character. Early housing is comprised of pairs and short rows of houses, whereas after major investment in the quarry and village from 1864 rows of terraced houses were built, some of them based loosely on designs by a Manchester architect, James Stevens. The town acquired chapels, a church, school and shops, becoming a fully-formed community, both economically and culturally.
Building materials make an important contribution to the character of the village, where a progression from field stone to the use of slate waste from the quarry is clearly visible. Progress in the quality of industrial housing is also clearly evident in the development from
single-storey cottages to large two-storey houses.
The various themes are drawn together to show that Abergynolwyn retains a strong and distinctive nineteenth-century character based on its unique combination of topography, economic and social history, and the local natural resources with which its buildings were constructed. The report concludes with recommendations on the merits of designation of Conservation Area status.

In the summer of 2020 an archaeological investigation in the rear walled garden of The Old Vicarage  at, Olney (Bucks) revealed a probable late 17th to early 18th century tanyard.  The discovery was made during a fairly small area construction project.

Initial historic interest in the site was two-fold. The building lies within the heart of the historic market town, the postulated focus of pre-Conquest settlement, between the market place and the parish church. Erected in 1767, the house is renowned as the home of the reformed slaver, Rev. John Newton (1725–1807), a principal character in the Evangelical Revival of the Church of England.  The site is located on the southeast side of the town, about.230 m north of the River Great Ouse.

The report uploaded here is a detailed illustrated descriptive and interpretative account of the discoveries.

In summary, eight substantial pits were recorded, cut into river gravels, immediately northeast of the house. At least four of the pits were sub-rectangular in plan with near-vertical sides. Each appeared to have been in-filled in a single event. Some contained dumps of ash and limey soil, while others were filled predominantly with dirty gravel. An early 18th century pit contained many hundreds of cattle horn cores. Amid four of the pits was a well-laid cobbled walkway or working yard, constructed at some time between c.1680 and c.1720; comparative features are known from other post-medieval tannery sites (e.g. Northampton; Otley, Yorks).

Diagnostic artefacts (pottery, clay tobacco pipes and glassware) revealed that the pits were not in use at the same time. The earliest pit became redundant at some juncture between the late 17th century and the first decade of the 18th century, while the latest was in-filled at some time between c. 1710 and the early 1730s.

The archaeological evidence is corroborated by a study of 17th and 18th century Olney wills which shows that tanners were active in this neighbourhood. Interestingly, the evidence contrasts with the general assumption that the medieval tanneries were located alongside the river on the southwest side of the town.

An urban-character study of Deiniolen was prepared in 2017 in support of the Wales Slate World Heritage Nomination to be submitted to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). Deiniolen is an upland village in Gwynedd, built to house quarrymen who worked at the Dinorwig Quarry near Llyn Peris, one of the largest slate quarries in North Wales in the nineteenth century.

The report outlines the history of quarrying in the locality and the development of Deiniolen and the adjoining township of Clwt-y-bont. The character study examines the pattern of settlement and its relationship to its existing infrastructure of roads and land ownership. Focussing mainly on industrial housing, but also encompassing commercial, cultural and religious buildings, it discusses the influence of the local economy, cultural aspirations, social structure and the use of building materials, all of which have contributed to the special character of the village’s built heritage. The variety of historic character within the village is highlighted by the identification of separate character areas.

Settlement at Deiniolen and Clwt-y-bont began in the 1820s on the line of a quarry road and railway respectively, where they crossed the estates of opportunistic land owners who leased plots for building. The Vaynol Estate of the Assheton Smith family was the dominant landowner in the area, and owner of Dinorwig, but Deiniolen and Clwt-y-bont were built on pockets of land beyond its control. Both settlements contain a variety of housing stock, from early single-storey cottages of rural tradition, to terraces of two-storey houses, including some of the earliest terraced housing in the North Wales slate-quarrying district. The emergence of Deiniolen and Clwt-y-bont as fully-formed communities is marked by the chapels, church and schools. The architecture of the chapels in particular reveals the cultural aspiration and economic prosperity of the community in the second half of the nineteenth century. Building materials contribute much to the character of both settlements, in their use of field stones, quarried stones for the buildings of status such as chapels and church, and slate roofs. 

The various themes are drawn together to show that Deiniolen retains a strong and distinctive nineteenth-century character based on its unique combination of topography, economic and social history, and the local natural resources with which its buildings were constructed. The report concludes with recommendations on the merits of designation of Conservation Area status.

The history of the ancient textile factory "Natividade Nunes da Silva", built in the XX century, in Belver (centre of Portugal) allow us to explore feminine work in a rural area and the ledearship under three generation of women administration, manufacturing handcrafted textiles.

The industrialization process started in 18th century in Europe continued speeding in 19th century. The industrial buildings built at the end of 19th century in Ottoman Empire have great importance in terms of reflecting the technology of the period and a certain times that the society experienced. Those buildings which are neglected and ruined today have to be protected as much as possible by preventing them to be damaged in time. Kas›mpafla Flour Factory is one of the examples to be dealt in this scope. An architectural analysis of the building is possible by studying the surviving parts of the facility composed of a mill building, warehouse, store and outbuildings. The article starts with explaining the historical background, location and environmental features of the Flour Factory andcontinuesbydiscussingthearchitecturalchangefrom19th centurytill today, and the findings are supported by the drawings of plans and elevations.

Introduction Today Cocklawburn beach is a popular dog-walking destination and picnic spot, but in the 19th century it was a hive of activity with salmon fishing, quarrying, lime-burning, brick-making and coal mining, as well as farming and gardening, providing employment and sustenance, as well as much noise and pollution, to a population housed in several thriving communities.

This report is a preliminary analysis of the phases of development for the collective sites of property numbers 85, to 107 (inclusive) Louisa Road, Birchgrove, New South Wales, for the period 1889 to 2013. The focus of the project is on the change of maritime infrastructure and the shift in utilisation of the waterfront for residential purposes. The collective sites were selected due to a recent demolition of what remained of the area’s former maritime cultural landscape. The aims of the project are to analyse: the change of maritime infrastructure within industrial and residential contexts of boom and decline; the changing nature of site use; and the rate of development. The results from the analysis of the collective sites’ phases of development contributes to a greater understanding of how maritime cultural landscapes have been altered to meet the demands of broader cultural changes within their own locality and surrounding areas.

Günümüzde Bakırköy İstanbul’un en kalabalık ilçelerinden biri olma özelliği göstermektedir. İlçe konumu itibariyle özellikle deniz, hava, kara ve demir yolu ulaşım imkânlarına sahiptir. Bu durum bölgeyi tarihi boyunca, konut ve sosyal yaşam, ticaret ve endüstri alanlarındaki yapılaşma açısından ilgi çekici hale getirmiştir. Son yıllarda Bakırköy ilçesinin ağırlıklı olarak konut bölgesi olarak algılanmasına karşın, tarihine bakıldığında endüstri tesisleri için uygun ortamı sağlayan bir bölge olduğu görülmektedir. Bu konuda dönemin endüstri tesislerinin faaliyetini sürdürmesi için olmazsa olmazlardan biri olan su faktörünün, bölgede bulunması en önemli etken olmuştur. Bunun dışında ilçenin uzun bir sahil şeridinin bulunması ve sur içi bölgeden uzak olması gibi etkenler de Bakırköy’ü zamanla endüstri tesislerinin kurulması için uygun hale getirmiştir. Zeytinburnu, Bakırköy, Küçükçekmece hattında, yaklaşık 20.yüzyılın sonlarına kadar faaliyetini sürdüren birçok endüstri tesisi olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu tesislerden günümüzde işlevini kaybetmesine rağmen, restorasyon çalışmaları sonucunda yeni bir işlev ile ayakta kalanları da bulunmaktadır. Bugün ilçede yeniden işlevlendirilerek hayat bulmaya çalışan tarihi endüstri yapılarının incelenmesi sonucunda endüstri mirası açısından ilçenin çok bilinmeyen bir yüzünün ortaya çıkacağı düşünülmektedir.

En Dícido (Castro Urdiales, Cantabria, España), se desarrolló durante un siglo (último tercio del siglo XIX y dos primeros tercios del siglo XX) una intensa actividad de carga de mineral de hierro en mar abierta y lejos del abrigo portuario. Los diversos sistemas que la ingeniería habilitó sucesivamente para el embarque son analizados aquí desde un nuevo punto de vista, el de la biografía de los técnicos y constructores que intervinieron en cada uno de los proyectos que se llevaron a cabo.
Hoy, aún se alza orgulloso en pleno mar Cantábrico el último de los cargaderos en cantilever construidos en las costas españolas, declarado monumento.

A new process of making iron, using a blast furnace and a forge, both powered by water, was introduced into the Weald in the 1490s, and spread to other parts of England and Wales from the 1550s. This book provides a history of every ironworks of the charcoal blast furnace period, except the Weald. It also covers early coke ironworks (built before 1815) and water-powered bloomeries (of the previous technology). After introductory material on the industry generally, each chapter deals with the ironworks of one district, including also other water-powered mills processing iron, steel furnaces, early ironworks powered by steam engines, and a few other works. Blade mills (and cutlers wheels), which provided the initial cutting edge for tools are not included in those areas where they are ubiquitous. The period covered is an era in the technology of an important industry in Great Britain.

The modern infrastructure to supply water and to remove and treat waste was retro-fitted to towns and cities across the world, pulling them back from a sanitary crisis which was threatening to make life intolerable. Faced with industrialisation, miserable living conditions and repeated epidemics, water supply systems and drainage networks were devised and incorporated into urban landscapes. The impressive quality of their engineering and architectural design shows how important they were for the societies of the time, and many continue to make a vital contribution to living conditions today.

Industrial heritage today is being taken even more seriously by academes. It is due to the instituting of heritage studies across humanities, social sciences and natural sciences and developments in contemporary archaeology. Industrial heritage is broadly defined by many specialists after Nizhny Tagil Charter (2003) as consisting of "the remains of industrial culture which are of historical, technological, social, architectural or scientific value". Meantime, industrial heritage comprises more then just material culture, but also valuable intangible forms of heritage. In the case of factories as the products of early industrial developments in Turkish Republic during 20's and 50's, they provide us important insights about the structural alteration in culture and social life in the region. Lives in factories and their campus areas were the representation of transforming identities of young republic. Therefore, preserving and conserving of such sites should consider not just the building itself but tangible and intangible heritages values together. Temporal layers including the time when the factory was still active, when it was abandoned and spatial layers including living and working quarters of industrial sites should be equally transmitted to various targets groups. This project considers how digital visualization contributes to perception of visitors with maintaining cultural mediation in SEKA Paper Museum situated former pulp and paper mill in Kocaeli district. ÖZ Günümüzde endüstriyel arkeoloji ve endüstriyel miras kavramları konusunda yapılan akademik çalışmaların sayısı artmaktadır. Bunun bir nedeni kültürel mirasa konu olan araştırmaların aka-demik çatısının genişlemesi ve farklı uzmanlık alanlarının konuya dahil olmasıdır. Nizhny Tagil Tüzüğü (2003) ile endüstriyel miras "Tarihsel, teknolojik, sosyolojik, mimari ya da bilimsel değeri olan endüstriyel kültürün maddi kalıntıları" olarak ta-nımlanmaktadır. Fakat, endüstriyel miras aynı zamanda somut olmayan kültürel miras formunu da taşımaktadır. Bu durumun ülkemizdeki yansımalarını özellikle ilk sanayileşme dönemi ile ilişkilendirebiliriz. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin endüstriyel gelişimi-nin ürünleri olan fabrikalar, aynı zamanda ülkedeki büyük sosyal ve kültürel değişimin göstergeleri olarak da önem kazanmakta-dır. Fabrika ve yerleşkelerindeki sosyal hayat, değişiminin yerel ölçekte temsilidir. Bu nedenle terk edilmiş endüstriyel alanların korunması ve yeniden işlevlendirilmesi, endüstriyel alanın tüm katmanlarını yansıtacak şekilde bütüncül yaklaşımları gerektir-mektedir. Araştırma dijital yöntemlerin, endüstriyel miras ala-nında kullanıcı/ziyaretçi ve kentteki paydaşlara aktarılmasındaki kullanılabilirliğini SEKA Kağıt Müzesi kapsamında değerlendir-mektedir. Planlama 2019;29(0):00-00 |