Interdisiplinarity

I argue that when we use email, text messaging, or social media websites such as Facebook to interact, rather than communicating face-to-face, we do not experience the best kind of empathy, which is most conducive to experiencing benevolence for others. My arguments rely on drawing interdisciplinary connections between sources: early modern accounts of sympathy, dance theory, philosophy of technology, and neuroscience/psychology. I reflect on theories from these disciplines which, taken together, suggest that to empathize optimally, we must see or hear each other's bodily gestures, vocal intonations, and facial expressions.

Ursula K. Le Guin’e göre farklılık neye işaret etmektedir? Farklılıklar kimleri, nasıl mekanizmalarla ötekileştirmekte, yabancılaştırmaktadır? Bir yazar olarak Le Guin’in farklılıkların eşit olarak bir arada olma imkânı olarak sunduğu alternatif fikir(ler) nedir? Bu yazının başlangıç noktası olarak nitelendirilebilecek bu soruların cevapları, temel olarak, Le Guin’in eşitlik anlayışı ve romanlarında öne çıkan diyalog fikri; bu fikirlerin yansımaları ise yazarın Mülksüzler (2011a), Marifetler (2006) ve Rüyanın Öte Yakası (2011b) adlı romanları çerçevesinde tartışılacaktır. Yazının devamında, Ursula K. Le Guin’in romanlarında özneler arasındaki diyaloğa yaptığı vurguyu tamamlayan noktalar olarak, yazarın romanlarının biçimi ve yöntemi tartışılacaktır. Bu çerçevede, ilk olarak Le Guin ve M. Bakhtin’in (2008) diyalojik roman anlayışı arasındaki bağlar ortaya koyulacaktır. Ardından Le Guin’in anlatılarının fikirsel arka planını oluşturan feminizm, anarşizm ve Taoizm çerçevesinde, yazarın diyalogda bulunduğu disiplinler ve düşünürler, Le Guin’in disiplinlerarası yönteminin işaretleri olarak tartışılacaktır. Sonuç olarak, bu yazı, Ursula K. Le Guin’in özneler arasındaki diyaloğa yaptığı vurguyu, yazarın romanlarının içeriğini, biçimini ve yöntemini şekillendiren bir eylem olarak tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır.

It is being observed that there has been an increase in the number of urban design competitions in the last decade in Turkey. Competitions are crucial methods of enriching theoretical and practical frameworks of the disciplines by creating a platform for discursive attitudes. That reveals the importance of the notion of competition as a process covering from the decision for organizing a competition to the decision of the jury for the winner and also post-competition events such as colloquium. Due to these facts, competition process as a whole can be considered as a discursive practice where diverse discursive approaches are represented via design brief, submitted projects and colloquiums that enrich and develop both theory and practice of urban design. There is not a single definition for urban design rather there are some approaches to the field mostly pointing to its interdisciplinary features. This fact makes urban design field vulnerable and open to critiques but at the same time enables contributions from diverse disciplines. It reveals the importance
of competitions which forms a platform for new ideas and perspectives.
Competition, with its definite structure of rules, definite role players from
diverse disciplines who are involved in the process, documents produced throughout the process by different discourses, can be conceptualized as adimension in space-time that makes it possible to observe different discourses in the same place and at the same time, sometimes in conflict with each other, sometimes overlapped onto each other and sometimes juxtaposed. Therefore competition is a platform where different discursive formations, with their objects, enunciative modalities, concepts and strategies, are exercised and practiced by human subject. When considered from that point of view, instead of focusing on the inception of urban design in Turkey, when the term is
conceptualized, how and when competitions were utilized and instrumentalized in spreading the term, as a consequence how this struggle enabled positions for the field can be diagnosed more explicitly.
The aim of this dissertation is to analyze urban design competition processes via design briefs, questions-answers, winning projects, jury reports and if available evaluation articles and colloquium reports with the adoption of archaeological methodology of Michel Foucault, discursive formation. His methodological approach in his book Archaeology of Knowledge(1972), has been adopted to construct a conceptual framework within that context, the study has focused on national, open, single phase competitions containing the term “urban design” in its announced title and it has been found that there are 35 cases starting from the year 1980. Design briefs, questions-answers, prizewinning projects and jury reports were analyzed, in addition survey and interview methods are utilized to reveal the discursive formations within the competition process. It is found that this is an ongoing process of forming a discursive formation when urban design is concerned and competitions play a significant role in framing such attitudes. Such a discursive analysis made within the context of competitions will help us to draw a general framework to reveal the discursive formations in the field that will help us to understand its position, grasp the underlying facts behind these processes of Urban Design Competitions in Turkey and this will give us the chance to rethink and define new frameworks and discursive formations to establish new perspectives and understandings of urban design in Turkey in the context of competitions.

COVID-19 has had an extreme effect on older people. Now more than ever we need collaborative approaches to address complex issues within research on aging. However, the pandemic has dramatically changed the way we conduct, interact, and organize research within interdisciplinary groups. This paper describes a case study of how an interdisciplinary institute for research on aging has managed the process of change during COVID-19 restrictions. A design lead, researcher centered approach was used to understand the needs of researchers as they adapted across 6 months. Firstly, an online survey (n=51) was conducted to understand the scope of change and needs. The survey found broad themes ranging from assistance with finding additional funding to adjusting current research proposals. Following the survey, two Co-Design Sessions were conducted. The first session (n=53) diverged thinking to scope ideas from the survey and actionable themes were created. The second session (n=36) was conducted to converge thinking and focus on solutions based on one of these themes. The results revealed a diversity of ideas addressing the needs of interdisciplinary researchers in aging. These ideas spanned from exploring the capacity to do research remotely and creating virtual collaboration spaces to rethinking stakeholder engagement.

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, eğitim yönetimi alanında yapılan araştırmalarda ortak yazarlık ilişkisi üzerinden akademik işbirliğinin ve yapılan araştırmalarda disiplinlerarası çalışmaların durumunun değerlendirilmesidir. Bu temel amaç doğrultusunda aşağıdaki sorulara yanıt aranmıştır: (1) Eğitim yönetimi alanında ortak yazarlık ilişkisi üzerinden araştırma ağları nasıldır? (araştırma ağlarının görsel olarak ağın ortaya konulması) (2) Eğitim yönetimi alanında yapılan araştırmalarda araştırmacıların disiplinlerarası çalışma yaklaşımları oransal olarak nasıldır? (yoğunluk) (3) Eğitim yönetimi alanında yapılan araştırmalarda en çok hangi aktörler arasında, hangi konularda ve alanlarda akademik işbirliği yapılmaktadır? (ağ merkezileşme ölçümleri). Tarama modelinde olan araştırmada sosyal ağ analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır.  Araştırmanın verileri dökümantasyon tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Son bir yıl (2017) içinde eğitim yönetimi alanında yayın yapılan başlıca dergilerden tarama yapılarak eğitim yönetimi alanında en çok yayın yapılan dergilerden amaçlı örnekleme yoluyla sekiz dergi seçilerek yayınlanan makaleler hem anahtar kelimeler hem de araştırmacıların mensup oldukları ana bilim dalları açısından incelenmiştir. Sinop Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projesi birimi tarafından desteklenen bu araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, 2017 yılı içinde sekiz dergide eğitim yönetimi alanına giren toplam 50 makalede 111 araştırmacı arasında sadece üç makalede disiplinler arası ilişki belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada yapılan sosyal ağ analizi bulgularına göre, var olan kapasitenin sadece % 13’ünün kullanıldığı, kümeleme analizi bulgularına göre içte sıkı, dışa kapalı bir görüntü sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Eğitim yönetimi alanında disiplinlerarası çalışma yapma eğilimi son derece düşük bulunmuştur. Bu durum eğitim yönetiminin doğasına aykırıdır ve  dışarıdan yeni ve nitelikli bilgilerin girmesini ve alanına gelişimini engelleyecektir.  Bu araştırmanın önerisi, hem yöntem çeşitliliği hem de farklı disiplinler arasında araştırma yapma yaklaşımının arttırılmasının gerekliliğidir.  Bu koşullarda, birbirini tekrarlayan araştırmaların azalmasını ve daha nitelikli ve yeni bilgilerin alana dahil edilmesini de kolaylaştıracaktır. 
Anahtar Kelimeler: Eğitim yönetimi, akademik işbirliği, Sosyal ağ analizi, işbirliği ağı, disiplinlerarası araştırma


Bu çalışma EĞTF-1901-17-12 proje numarası ile Sinop Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi Koordinatörlüğü tarafından desteklenmiştir.

COVID-19 has had an extreme effect on older people. Now more than ever we need collaborative approaches to address complex issues within research on aging. However, the pandemic has dramatically changed the way we conduct, interact, and organize research within interdisciplinary groups. This paper describes a case study of how an interdisciplinary institute for research on aging has managed the process of change during COVID-19 restrictions. A design lead, researcher centered approach was used to understand the needs of researchers as they adapted across 6 months. Firstly, an online survey (n=51) was conducted to understand the scope of change and needs. The survey found broad themes ranging from assistance with finding additional funding to adjusting current research proposals. Following the survey, two Co-Design Sessions were conducted. The first session (n=53) diverged thinking to scope ideas from the survey and actionable themes were created. The second session (n=36) was conduc...

In sociology of science much attention is dedicated to the study of scientific networks, especially to co-authorship and citations in publications. Other trends of research have investigated the advantages, limits, performances and difficulties of interdisciplinary research, which is increasingly advocated by the main lines of public research funding. This paper explores the dynamics of interdisciplinary research in Italy over 10 years of scientific collaboration on research projects. Instead of looking at the output of research, i.e. publications, we analyse the original research proposals that have been funded by the Ministry of University and Research for a specific line of funding, the Research Projects of National Interest. In particular, we want to see how much interdisciplinary research has been conducted during the period under analysis and how changes in the overall amount of public funding might have affected disciplinary and interdisciplinary collaboration. We also want to cluster the similarities and differences of the amount of disciplinary and interdisciplinary collaboration across scientific disciplines, and see if it changes over time. Finally, we want to see if interdisciplinary projects receive an increasing share of funding compared to their disciplinary bounded counterparts. Our results indicate that while interdisciplinary research diminishes along the years, potentially responding to the contraction of public funding, research that cut across disciplinary boundaries overall receives more funding than research confined within disciplinary boundaries. Furthermore, the clustering procedure do not indicate clear and stable distinction between disciplines, but similar patterns of disciplinary and interdisciplinary collaboration are shown by discipline with common epistemological frameworks, which share compatible epistemologies of

This paper explores the idea of a formalized “critical space” in higher education, using elements of Habermas’s theory of communicative action and ideas from Barnett, Englund, and Marginson. Inquiry in this hypothetical space would use knowledge generated in existing domains to engage in dialogue, debate, and development of proposals and programs for social change, with the ultimate objective of engagement in the public sphere.