IoT/M2M

3rd International Conference on Blockchain and Internet of Things (BIoT 2022) will provide
an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and
applications of Blockchain and Internet of Things. The Conference looks for significant
contributions to all major fields of the Blockchain and Internet of Things in theoretical and
practical aspects.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research
results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in
the areas of Blockchain and Internet of Things.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a new technological revolution of the Internet. IoT is and can be said the expansion of internet services. It is changing the way we work and live by saving time and resources and opening new
opportunities for growth, innovation and knowledge creation. Internet of Things is the general idea of things, especially everyday objects that are readable, recognizable, locatable, addressable, and/or controllable via the Internet, irrespective of the communication means .IoT allows everyone to be connected anytime and anywhere. It provides a platform for communication between objects where objects can organize and manage themselves. Objects can be communicated between each other by using radio frequency identification (RFID), wireless sensor network (WSN), Zigbee, etc. IoT is embodied in a wide spectrum of networked products, systems and sensors, which take advantage of advancements in computing power, electronics miniaturization, and network interconnections to offer new capabilities not previously possible.

6LowPAN was introduced by the IETF as a standard protocol to interconnect tiny and constrained devices across IPv6 clouds. 6LowPAN supports a QoS feature based on two priority bits. So far, little interest has been granted and this QoS feature and there are no implementations of such feature in real networks. In this paper,we evaluate the capacity to provide QoS of these priority bits in various scenarios. We show that under very heavy or very low network load, these bits have a limited effect on the delay.

"Mintha mindent megírt volna a szerző a digitális médiáról és az azzal érkezett új társadalomról. Ahogy látom, mindent meg is írt, vagy ha nem, én nem jöttem rá, mi az. Hihetetlenül szórakoztató, nagyon jól demonstráló, érdekes példákkal alátámasztott magyarázatok, amiket élmény olvasni. Intellektuálisan izgató könyv!" Heal Edina igazgató, Google Magyarország

"A kötet alapmű a digitális trendek áttekintéséhez és megértéséhez. Egyszerre ad muníciót több szakmának - az IT-tól a marketingig, az üzleti döntéshozástól a felsőoktatás-kutatásig és a művészetig. A szerző átfogó nemzetközi tapasztalatát kamatoztatja példáival és illusztrációival. Az olvasó végül egy hosszabb távon érvényes kötet birtokosa lehet a gyorsan változó trendek világában." Akadémiai Kiadó

Xbee modülleri radyo sinyallerini kullanarak hem veri iletmek hem de veri almak için kullanılan küçük RF(radio frekans) aygıtlardır.Farklı frekanslarda yayın yapan, kablosuz Zigbee protokolünü kullanarak haberleşen uzun menzilli haberleşme modülüdür. Xbee modüllerinin en önemli özellikleri az güç tüketimi, uzun menzilde haberleşme imkanı ve network desteğidir. İkiden fazla modülün birbiri ile veri transferi yapması mümkündür.

The concept of smart city was born to provide improved quality of life to citizens. The key idea is to integrate information system services of each domain, such as health, education, transportation, power grid etc., of the city to provide public services to citizens efficiently and ubiquitously. These expectations induce massive challenges and requirements. This research is aimed to highlight key ICT (Information and Communication Technology) challenges related to adaptation of smart city. Realizing the significance of effective data collection, storage, retrieval, and efficient network resource provisioning, the research proposes a high level architecture for smart city. The proposed framework is based on a hierarchical model of data storage and defines how different stakeholders will be communicating and offering services to citizens. The architecture facilitates step by step implementation towards a smart city, integrating services, as they are developed in a timely manner.

The word hydroponics has its derivation from the combination of two Greek words, hydro meaning water and ponos meaning labour, i.e., working water. Hydroponics used to be considered a system where there was no growing media at all, such as the nutrient film technique in vegetables. But today it's accepted that a soil-less growing medium is often used to support the plant root system physically and provide for a favourable buffer of solution around the root system. The system that is used will be automated to prevent many disadvantages that we have in a manual system.

In recent years the Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry has seen dramatic change, whether it be continually changing client requirements or the disruptive technologies making it hard for some contractors and suppliers to maintain resourcing and capabilities.

The industry is currently facing a multitude of challenges due to the vast amounts of data outputted from smart buildings and the IoT. BIM has the potential to reduce these challenges with inbuilt databases and workflows for data collation and collaboration. Semantic web technologies are proving to be functional and helps leverage challenges faced related to BIM technologies during information exchange. BIM can be used to rationalise data and make it more interoperable with IoT systems; many of the recent developments in the smart building fields do not utilise the BIM to its full potential.

This study's purpose is to explore current academic research and current live metadata projects and explore the integration of the BIM benefits to this workflow and industry standard processes. The conclusion outlines a structured conceptual framework outlining how databases and BIM data can help in the delivery of Smart built environments

This paper will focused on effective recognizing and controlling system for Bank locker room which is fully self determining. In cases of robberies, it’s commonly happen that the banned entrance in the locker room area which can be detected by our security system. If the robbery take place the banks are not be capable to recognize the robber due to absence of the proof by using the current human operated security system. Development of various sensors has enabled systems to have preventive and corrective measures in this regard significantly. In order to deliver a concrete security solution for critically important and confidential documents and goods, we proposed an Automated Safety Vault with Double Layered Defense Mechanism. The solution comprised of an Electronic Lock driven by password verification and a Biometric authentication for users using a Finger print scanning and sensing tool. Both of these two layers ensured the authenticity of the user by preventing any unauthorized access to the Vault. The system was then implemented in a prototype scope for testing and validation of the proposals. The implemented system and testing data showed that the Automated Safety Vault with all its security features had successful operation. The specification of the whole system as well as the results is observed and verified.

This paper deals with the registrability of non-conventional marks after the EU reform of trade marks and some technological developments, including the Internet of Things (IoT). Even if olfactory marks (scents or smells) are the chosen prism, most considerations apply also to other non-conventional marks, such as holograms, movements, and tastes. In the UK, whereas in theory olfactory trade marks can be registered, there have not been successful applications since the EU Court of Justice's decision in Ralf Sieckmann v Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt. This paper suggests that scents may be more easily registered in the near future as a consequence of the EU reform of trade marks and of technological innovation. The impact of Brexit is critically assessed and the implementation of the EU reform is foreseen.
The yet-to-be-transposed Trade Marks Directive introduces a new definition of trade marks where the graphic representation of the mark is no longer required. Under the new regime, those who want to register a smell will only need to represent it ‘in a manner which enables the competent authorities and the public to determine the clear and precise subject matter of the protection afforded to its proprietor’ (art 3(b)). Some difficulties may remain because the Trade Marks Directive incorporated the so-called Sieckmann criteria, that the (then graphical) representation must be ‘clear, precise, self-contained, easily accessible, intelligible, durable and objective’ (recital 13). However, even not going as far as arguing that ‘the amendments will abolish the Sieckmann judgement’ (Sahin 2016, 513), it is not excluded that the seven criteria may be interpreted differently in the future, for example as meaning that a combination of description, chemical formula and sample may meet the new requirements for registration. Indeed, with the new definition of trade marks there is a shift from the ‘how’ to the ‘who’. It is immaterial how the trade mark is represented (whether graphically or otherwise), as long as the competent authorities and the public can determine the subject matter of the protection. Arguably, the said combination of description, chemical formula, and sample may suffice from the authorities’ perspective. When it comes to the public, it is likely that this requirement will be absorbed by the distinctiveness. An unusual scent used consistently on a range of products or services of a single undertaking and accompanied by heavy advertising would easily put the public in the position to determine the subject matter of the protection, especially if distinctiveness is acquired through use; thus, the requirement could be easily made out. One could foresee a return to the case law ante Sieckmann that valued the customers’ viewpoint and stated, for instance, that an olfactory mark described as freshly cut grass will be recognised immediately by anyone, reminding ‘of spring, or summer, manicured lawns or playing fields, or other such pleasant experiences’ (Senta Aromatic [14]). The customers’ scent-related power of imagination cannot be underestimated. A number of scents can evoke clear memories and feelings.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is one of cancer type that attack White Blood Cells in myeloid descendants. On the clinical examination of leukemia, the number of each blast cell in the laboratory is calculated. However, in some subtype of AML like M4, M5 and M7 are affected by the same type of precursor cells. The precursor cell of them is myeloblast, monoblast and mega karyoblast, which needs more detailed analysis to distinguish. Classification is performed on cell types of precursors cells derived from bone marrow preparations. The stages that have been completed are preprocessing, segmentation, extraction and feature selection, and classification. Features used as input of classification stage are area, nucleus ratio, circularity, perimeter, mean, and standard deviation. The support vector machine classification results in the best performance test data are achieved by linear kernel. The performance was obtained by combining six features for eight cell types from the maturation of the three precursor cells. This diagnosed detail will be updated on cloud by IOT module.

With advancement of Automation technology, life is getting simpler and easier in all aspects. In Today's world Automatic systems are being preferred over manual system. With the rapid increase in the number of users of internet over the past decade has made Internet a part and parcel of life, and IoT is the latest and emerging internet technology. Internet of things is a growing network of object-from industrial machine to consumer goods that can share information and complete tasks while you are busy with other activities. Wireless Home Automation system(WHAS) using IoT is a system that uses computers or mobile devices to control basic home functions and features automatically through internet from anywhere around the world, an automated home is sometimes called a smart home. It is meant to save the electric power and human energy. In this paper, Home automation system differs from other system by allowing the user to operate the system from anywhere around the world through internet connection. This paper represents the controlling and monitoring of the home environment using wireless sensors. An automated system is represented which can be used to visualize and monitor the power consumption online on a Smart phone using mobile application, to detect the gas leakage using LPG detector and a smart refrigerator module is presented which is capable of sensing and monitoring its contents and also provides advantageous features.

Internet-of-Things (IoT) is considered as the key player to move forward the Smart City vision. Indeed, pervasive devices can enable a fain-grained monitoring of buildings and energy distribution networks. Thus, such information can be used to enhance energy optimization in our cities. However, interoperability among heterogeneous devices is a challenging task. Furthermore, all these IoT devices produce a huge amount of data that must be collected and post-processed, thus entering into the Big Data domain. Therefore, a distributed IoT platform for energy management has to be designed for i) enabling the interoperability among heterogeneous IoT devices and ii) handling such huge amount of data. In this paper, we describe the requirements to be addressed in order to develop an IoT platform for Smart City. We also present two distributed IoT platforms we developed to improve the energy management in Smart City. Finally, based on our experience in a real-world case study, we provide an estimation of the amount of energy-related information our presented platforms have to manage.

Although Internet of Things (IoT) brings significant advantages over traditional communication technologies for smart grid and smart home applications, these implementations are still very rare. Relying on a comprehensive literature review, this paper aims to contribute towards narrowing the gap between the existing state-of-the-art smart home applications and the prospect of their integration into an IoT enabled environment. We propose a holistic framework which incorporates different components from IoT architectures/frameworks proposed in the literature, in order to efficiently integrate smart home objects in a cloud-centric IoT based solution. We identify a smart home management model for the proposed framework and the main tasks that should be performed at each level. We additionally discuss practical design challenges with emphasis on data processing, as well as smart home communication protocols and their interoperability. We believe that the holistic framework ascertained in this paper can be used as a solid base for the future developers of Internet of Things based smart home solutions.

The search for faster internet connection is ceaseless and the need for new technologies and techniques is always on rise. Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) is an inconceivable asset, but it is still limited, and as connectivity spreads, both across the world and throughout the Internet of Things (IoT), issues will emerge if WiFi is our exclusive alternative. So, in 2011, a Light Fidelity (LiFi) was introduced such that the speed is over 1 Giga bytes per second (Gbps), that is 100 times faster than the speed of WiFi we are utilizing as of now. The speed of LiFi is additionally anticipated that would achieve 3 to 5 Gbps making it perfect for IoT and to wipe out the constraints and limitations with WiFi technology. In this paper, we discuss the idea of integrating IoT and LiFi, as well as identified the challenges and opportunities of the integrated system to build novel and smart solutions.

Some unexpected events such as temperature fluctuations, humidity changes, and vibration may destroy the value of goods being transported. In order to prevent unwanted events and to overcome some shortcomings in process of delivering goods, an ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) need to be deployed. One of the major challenges is to enable the monitoring of the conditions in which goods are transported and stored. The IoT (Internet of Things) offer possibilities to locate and track goods from origin to destination and to monitor transportation conditions. IoT-based solutions enable to know when, where, and how some irregularities in the delivery process occurred. Moreover, these solutions provide possibilities of sending alerts to the client, transportation companies or other stakeholders to call for immediate assistance. Companies can improve service offerings and competitiveness of their operations as well as improve route travel patterns and transport conditions. Therefore, all stakeholders in the logistics chain can benefit from IoT technologies. In this paper, we present some possibilities of IoT application for logistics and supply chain management services including vehicle fleet tracking, goods monitoring and control, location-based services, etc.

Picking up public cloud service providers is now becoming a harder task in an enterprise organization. This paper will help in reducing more hesitation to choose a public cloud
service provider. This paper is highlighting computation, storage, and infrastructure is important to service features that have an impact when choosing cloud service providers. Compare these three (AWS, Microsoft Azure, GCP) CSPs concerning service, price, advantages, and highlight significant service features. Studies discuss the primary reason to choose a CSP that normally enhance features, familiarity with the brand, suitable for organization and security parameters considered when choosing CSP. Amazon Web Services proved its leadership by maintaining about 33% share in the market throughout for several quarters irrespective of the market size increased by a factor of 3. Microsoft has shown prominent performance in SaaS. Since 2008, after introducing PaaS in the form of Google App Engine, Google is continuously enhancing its cloud computing services of Google Cloud Platform

Healthcare's evolution and transition to embracing new Internet of Things (IoT) technologies faces unique challenges. That is one of the reasons why healthcare institutions adopt new technologies slowly. One of the biggest problems in the development of healthcare IoT is the lack of standards and communication protocols around IoT. This paper is an overview of problems that need to be solved by standardization of their solutions; existing standards that are relevant to mentioned problems; and new initiatives that offer solutions to specific issues of healthcare IoT, featuring personal remarks of the author.

ntelligent energy management strategy for cost optimization offers a new paradigm for energy users in Nigeria. This research developed Arduino based energy consumption rate meter for residential homes using multidisciplinary concepts in Mechatronics. The system features real time demand side management using composite design methodology (CDM). It comprises the metering and cloud server cluster units. The work introduced ACS712 Hall Effect current sensor, Arduino Uno (with ATmega328 chipset), and SIM800L GSM modules to achieve the system functionalities. The design description on editor run-time environment enabled direct debugging in the open source Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The approach was evaluated through selected case studies and usability experiments. With the latter, the suitability of the system provided an efficient means of monitoring energy consumption with minimal errors. The results showed that when the meter was switched-ON with no load, an output of 0.00kWh was read. By connecting i-core7 Dell Inspiron laptop to it, an output of 10.75kWh was then observed on the cloud web application (real time). The output kept increasing whilst the load was still connected to the meter as expected. Utilities can smartly provide value-added services using the system, thereby increasing their revenues while ensuring customers satisfaction.

Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) networks are attracting a lot of attention primarily because of their ability to offer affordable connectivity to the low-power devices distributed over very large geographical areas. In realizing the vision of the Internet of Things (IoT), LPWA technologies complement and sometimes supersede the conventional cellular and short range wireless technologies in performance for various emerging smart city and machine-to-machine (M2M) applications. This review paper presents the design goals and the techniques, which different LPWA technologies exploit to offer wide-area coverage to low-power devices at the expense of low data rates. We survey several emerging LPWA technologies and the standardization activities carried out by different standards development organizations (e.g., IEEE, IETF, 3GPP, ETSI) as well as the industrial consortia built around individual LPWA technologies (e.g., LORa Alliance,WEIGHTLESS-SIG, and DASH7 Alliance). We further note that LPWA technologies adopt similar approaches, thus sharing similar limitations and challenges. This paper expands on these research challenges and identifies potential directions to address them. While the proprietary LPWA technologies are already hitting the market with large nationwide roll-outs, this paper encourages an active engagement of the research community in solving problems that will shape the connectivity of tens of billions of devices in the next decade.

We will design a system based on WSNs and IoT technologies to manage real-time power at buildings. This system comprises of: a wireless sensor network (sensing node and base station) and a smart home gateway. A sensing node is utilized wireless sensors to measure voltage and current; to calculate power consumption of connected appliances, transmitted wirelessly to a base station via Zigbee node. A base station is designed to receive all data transmitted from the sensing node and display it through GUI available at the personal computer, with the possibility of controlling ON and OFF appliances according to consumer requirements; All of these readings will be stored at database for analysis. In addition, a smart home gateway will connect the system with internet to allow consumers to continuous monitoring and remote control the appliances via a smartphone application. The benefit of this system, that the appliances control mechanism can be done in different ways (manually, automatically, and remotely). Various household appliances were tested to verify the accuracy of the electrical parameters that measured at system and compare them with practical measurement, found the average error ratio between them (0.3%) was in voltage, (1.5%) in current, and (1.8%) in power.

Internet of Things is a platform where every day devices become smarter, every day processing becomes intellectual, and every day communication becomes revealing. While the Internet of Things is still seeking its own platform, its effects have already stared in making unbelievable stride as a universal solution media for the connected scenario. Architecture specific study does always pave the conformation of related field. The insufficient of overall architectural knowledge is presently holds the researchers to get through the scope of Internet of Things centric approaches. This literature surveys Internet of Things oriented architectures that are capable enough to improve the understanding of related technology and methodology they used to facilitate developer's requirements. Directly or indirectly, the presented architectures propose to solve real-life problems by building and deployment of powerful Internet of Things notions. Further, research challenges have been investigated to incorporate inside the current trends of architectures to motivate the academics and industries get involved into seeking the possible way outs to apt the exact power of Internet of Things. A main contribution of this survey paper is that it summarizes the current state-of-the-art of Internet of Things architectures in various domains analytically.

By the virtue of blooming automation industry and wireless connectivity, all the devices within the home can be connected. Today's World is moving to digitalization where everything is made easy and comfortable for people i.e. Young youth as well as senior citizen. Smart Automated House Application using IOT (Internet of Thing)is a system where basic house facility can be handled by device from any place such as ON and Off of Light, Fan, AC, Water pump, Gardening of Water. One can handle all this things with help of device NodeMCU ESP8266 [1], Android Application, Internet Connection. This paper include functionality of node esp8266 are connected with either of above given house application like fan, light, water pump, gardening with help of coding and hosting online with web server. All the functionality is handled by Mobile App created in android application, from which house application are controlled with help of internet. This paper is clarifying that monitoring of circuit devices through wireless using Node MCU and controlling using App Blynk. According to requirement of need one can connect multiple device like sensors, appliance and many more till 8.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a global network of smart devices that integrate physical world with digital world. While the IoT is reported to be a foundation technology for the emerging Industry 4.0 era, empirical evidence of IoT use in supply chain management is scant. This study, therefore, investigates the opportunities and challenges of IoT use in the retail supply chains using grounded theory based interviews with managers from the Australian retail industry. The content analysis using NVivo reveals that IoT deployment improves visibility of goods movement, data capture, partner communication, and business intelligence. However, retailers face challenges due to the lack of top management initiative, new technology acquisition cost, stakeholders' reluctance to accept change, unwillingness to share data, and inadequate interoperability of software systems. The study offers a proof-of-concept of IoT benefits that strengthen the IoT-related investment decision, sheds light on adoption challenges and develops propositions for future research.

IoT (Internet of Things) ya da diğer adıyla Nesnelerin İnterneti kavramı, internete bağlanan ve diğer cihazlarla iletişimde olan her nesneyi kapsamaktadır. Artık hayatımızın bir parçası haline gelecek otonom araçlar, akıllı buzdolabılar, akıllı çamaşır makineleri, akıllı tost makineleri, akıllı saatler gibi birçok IoT cihazı birbiriyle farklı kablosuz ağ teknolojilerini kullanarak haberleşebilirler.  IoT cihazların birçok kritik alanda kullanılmasıyla birlikte IoT güveniğine karşı yapılan saldırılar artmıştır. Bu saldırılar IoT katmanlarına yapılarak veri gizliliği, veri bütünlüğü, veri tazeliği, veri erişilebilirliği, kimlik doğrulama gibi kriterler ihlal edilebilmektedir. Bu saldırıları önlemek amacıyla birçok güvenlik çözümü önerilmiştir, fakat sınırlı enerji,  kısıtlı batarya süresi, zayıf işlemci gücü ve sınırlı hafıza gibi sınırlamalardan dolayı düşük güçlü IoT cihazlar üzerinde geleneksel güvenlik yöntemlerinin uygulanması mümkün değildir. Bu çalışmada, IoT cihazların güvenliğini tehdit eden saldırılar incelenerek, ağ katmanlarına göre detaylı şekilde  sınıflandırılmış ve savunma teknikleri önerilmiştir.

Internet of Things (IoT) covers every object that connects to the Internet and communicates with other devices. Many IoT devices, such as autonomous vehicles, smart refrigerators, smart washing machines, smart toasters, smart watches that can become part of our lives and they can communicate with each other using different wireless network technologies. Because of using IoT devices in many critical areas, attacks against IoT security have increased. By making these attacks on IoT layers, criteria such as data privacy, data integrity, data freshness, data accessibility and authentication can be violated. Some security solutions have been proposed to prevent these attacks, but it is not possible to apply traditional security methods on low-power IoT devices due to some constraints such as limited energy, limited battery time, limited computational power and limited memory. In this paper, attacks that threaten the security of IoT devices are examined and classified according to network layers and defense techniques are proposed.

With the advancements in wireless technology and digital electronics, some tiny devices have started to be used in numerous areas in daily life. These devices are capable of sensing, computation and communicating. They are generally composed of low power radios, several smart sensors and embedded CPUs (Central Processing Units). These devices are used to form wireless sensor network (WSN) which is necessary to provide sensing services and to monitor environmental conditions. In parallel to WSNs, the idea of internet of things (IoT) is developed where IoT can be defined as an interconnection between identifiable devices within the internet connection in sensing and monitoring processes. This paper presents detailed overview of WSNs. It also assesses the technology and characteristics of WSNs. Moreover, it provides a review of WSN applications and IoT applications.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of human Meshing with everything that exists around us like our daily life communication through mobiles or the internet. In the next two or three years of (2020), the internet will be changed to IoT. IoT can connect the smart objects through different technologies like Bluetooth, ZigBee, and Radio Frequency Identifier (RFID). This paper highlights the effects of IoT on human beings and their privacy, we suggest how to use IoT with smart home technology to improve the living style. Smart home technology provides automated, intelligent, smart, innovative and ubiquitous services to residential users through Information Communication Technology (ICT). The IoT usage has some drawbacks like fraud and looting people, as a human being will be a part of the IoT. We also discuss practical examples of a point-to-point connection between the devices. In IoT enabled smart home environment various things such as lighting, home applications, connecting computers, security camera, linking home with Civil Defense.[1, 2]

4th International Conference on Internet of Things (CIoT 2022) will provide an excellent
international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and
applications of IoT.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate
research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant
advances in the areas of Internet of Things

The term M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communications describes any solution or technology that facilitates the wired and wireless communication between networked devices to exchange information, as ad-hoc networking is an basic building block for M2M communications. Today, intelligent transportation, cyber-physical systems (CPS) and “Smart <anything>” (e.g. cities, buildings, vehicles, home appliances, phones) technologies have been intensified and attract the attention of the R&D enthusiasts. Sensor networking has the lion’s share among almost any of the above emerging trends. In this context, it is almost a “condition sine qua non” to define any M2M implementation without including connected sensors in an ad-hoc approach.

All the above contribute in describing the emerging universe of the Internet of Things (IoT), which can be acknowledged as the driver for the evolution of M2M communications. In quantitative terms , the IoT connections are expected to exceed 27 billion by 2025 compared to 6 billion in 2015. In respect to the market-share, the revenue opportunity is accounted for 6.8 billion Euros, whereas this amount will increase to 2.7 trillion Euros by 2025. In terms of technology, 71% of all IoT connections are accommodated using a short-range technology (i.e. WiFi, Zigbee, NFC, in-building Programmable Logic Controllers - PLCs).

From the security perspective, the increased attack surface in ad-hoc and sensor networks has urged the development of technology for preventing attack incidents and for tackling system failures. In this vein, the networks acquire greater importance in critical infrastructures (i.e. industrial control systems, water and power plants, defence bases) and in sensitive data exploitation (i.e. healthcare, banking systems, social networks) for which privacy and ethics issues are likely to arise. Recent incidents proved that any connected device, such as smart TVs and video cameras , , can be compromised to propagate illegitimate network traffic, but can also jeopardize security in a national and governmental level.

Internet of things (IoT) is the promising and future internet. The IoT is a network of connected sensors, actuators, and everyday objects that are used in various domains, such as healthcare, airports, and military. As it connects everything around us to the internet, the IoT poses a number of severe challenges and issues as compared to the conventional internet. Currently, there are massive studies on the IoT, these studies mostly cover IoT vision, enabling technologies, applications, or services. So far, a limited number of surveys point out comprehensively the challenges and issues of the IoT which considered unique to this future internet and which must be faced and tackled by different research communities. In this paper, well-known IoT challenges and issues (e.g., reliable cooperation, standards, protocols, operational, data, and software) have been surveyed alongside many directions. Furthermore, the paper also raises awareness of work being achieved across a number of research communities to help whoever decided to approach this hot discipline in order to contribute to its development. He has a couple of national and international publications and his research interests include software engineering, web services and technologies, wireless sensor networks, internet of things, distributed computing and systems.