Smart City

The paper attempts to outline the urban visions and architectural ideas and vocabulary behind the formation of the large urban conglomeration in Japan, South Korea and China, and how the seeds of Western planning theories and architectural design practice have helped shaping and building the contemporary cites along the vast regions of Asia Pacific Region, and frame a local language in envisioning the city of the future.
Reflecting on the contributions from East Asia to the discourse of planning and design a city for the future as promoted by single actors, larger cultural movements and national elites fostering economic ambitions and political agendas of autocratic forces (e.g. from the experimental cities by the Metabolists in Japan, to the more “pragmatic” urban development projects fostered by local and national governments in South Korea and China), the paper tries to explain the key socio-economic factors and engines which have dramatically and radically transformed the skylines of the most dynamic and growing influential area of the world at the dawn of 21st century; it also aims at describe the origins of the various forms and elements of the modern built environments which have been shaped and molded by these same forces, and how/whether these urban forms embodies a true genuine East Asian vision of the city of the future, and what is the current trend in terms of new urban forms and architectural design research at the beginning of 21st century.

No matter whether it comes by divine wrath, nuclear war, climate change, zombies, a pandemic or by machines rebellion: the apocalypse will be urban. Cities are at the same time the most complex and valuable creation of our civilization, but also one of the most vulnerable environments to inhabit during an apocalyptic crisis. However, can they also be the key to our salvation? Either a fictional or part-real apocalypse, the delirium of destination has been a constant in many societies, but nature does not negotiate and with more than 50% of the world population living in cities, the current pandemic located them as main subjects in a real-time experiment of values collapse. What made some cities so resilient while others suffered the most impact? Just within weeks, South Korea shifted the world’s attention from its Parasite (2019) film’s satirical criticism on urban social inequality, to detecting its first COVID-19 infection and soon becoming the most affected territory outside China, to end up as one of the top success references on how to confront a crisis of this magnitude especially through the use of urban infrastructures, smart systems and efficient governance tools. But Korean cities were not new to the idea of fighting a ―world-ender‖ enemy; from the North Korean war threat, to natural disaster stories such as Haeundae (2009), infection chaos in Gamgi (2013), to zombies invasion on Train to Busan (2016), Kingdom (2019), and Peninsula (2020), the increasing trend on catastrophic narratives has evolved though Korean culture beyond just entertainment, to become an open source to explore human reactions under extreme circumstances, our capabilities and reasons to survive. This presentation aims to explore the Korean vision on apocalypses and how its cities may have a valuable approach for planning our new world especially in the fight against inequality

Abstract:  This paper presents an argument for considering issues of class in analyses of communicative planning projects. In these projects, class interests tend to be obscured by the contemporary preoccupation with the class-ambiguous category of “community”. Through a case study of a project of urban redevelopment at King's Cross in London, we conceptualize and map class interests in an urban redevelopment project. Three aspects of the planning process that contain clear class effects are looked at: the amount of office space, the flexibility of plans, and the appropriation of the urban environment as exchange or use value. These aspects structure the urban redevelopment but are external to the communicative planning process. The opposition to the redevelopment has in the planning discourse been articulated as “community”-based rather than in class-sensitive terms. We finally present three strategies for reinserting issues of class into planning theory and practice.

IoT (Internet of Things)[1] is an advanced automation and analytics system which exploits networking, sensing, big data, and artificial intelligence technology to deliver complete systems for a product or service. These systems allow greater transparency, control, and performance when applied to any industry or system. Today internet of things is a new revolution of the internet. A world where the real, digital and the virtual are converging to create smart environments that make energy, transport, cities and many other areas more intelligent. Different types of application like water monitoring, water pollution, air pollution, forest fire detection, smart homes, smart cities where each things can connect from anywhere to anyplace to make our life easier. This paper provide a broad overview on what is IoTS, different applications of IOTS, role of IoT of Smart city and challenges.

We analyze and compare eight city cases in three continents to find out differences and commonalities in smart city governance and public policies globally: Shanghai (China), Japan, Iskandar (Malaysia), New York (United States), and Amsterdam, Málaga, Santander, Tarragona (Europe). The work shows different ways to address the definition of smart, followed by the particular implementation of the smart concept in particular settings. It shows models, projects and the policy innovations set in place today on smart grounds, as a baseline of opportunities for
sustainable growth and to unlock the potential of both Spanish and European firms and Spanish and European talent worldwide. We explore the following variables: 1) governance and public urban planning 2) management and organization 3) technology 4) policy context 5) people and communities 6) economy 7) built in infrastructure, 8) and natural environment.

Keywords
smart, cities, governance, innovation, China, Shanghai, Malaysia, Iskandar, Japan, United States,
New York, Europe, EU, #EU, Amsterdam, Málaga, Santander, Tarragona, Spain

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an extensive overview of security-related problems in the context of smart cities. The impressive heterogeneity, ubiquity, miniaturization, autonomous and unpredictable behaviour of objects interconnected in Internet of Things, the real data deluges generated by them and, on the other side, the new hacking methods based on sensors and short-range communication technologies transform smart cities in complex environments in which the already-existing security analyses are not useful anymore. Specific security vulnerabilities, threats and solutions are approached from different areas of the smart cities’ infrastructure. As urban management should pay close attention to security and privacy protection, network protocols, identity management, standardization, trusted architecture, etc., this chapter will serve them as a start point for better decisions in security design and management.

Technologische Entwicklungen und die Art und Weise, wie sie die Funktionsbeziehungen ebenso wie die Lebens-und Ausdrucksformen des Städtischen verändern, haben immer wieder sowohl zu utopischen wie auch zu dystopischen Visionen Anlass gegeben. Die Positionierung von menschlichen Körpern, deren Anpassung an die Möglichkeiten und Zwänge von Maschinen sowie die damit verbundenen neuen Subjektivierungsformen und gesellschaftlichen Differenzierungen bilden dabei oft den Ausgangspunkt. Ein herausragendes Beispiel dafür ist Fritz Langs expressionistisches Monumentalwerk Metropolis aus dem Jahr 1927, die Sozial-Dystopie einer Maschinenstadt, welche zu Recht als ein Meilenstein der Filmgeschichte gilt und in vielerlei Hinsicht neue Maßstäbe setzte, obwohl sie an den Kinokassen floppte. Der Film beschreibt eine Stadt der Zukunft, deren soziales und funktionales Gefüge von einem "Maschinenviertel" abhängt, welches den Komfort der Bevölkerung in der "Oberstadt" ebenso wie das Leben der Arbeiterfamilien in der von Überflutung bedrohten "Unterstadt" ermöglicht. Maschinen halten hier nicht nur die Stadt am Leben, wofür metaphorisch die zentrale "Herz-Maschine" steht, deren Zerstörung zur Katastrophe führt. Die räumlich-soziale Beziehung zur Welt der Maschinen, das Leben unter-oder oberhalb des Maschinenviertels, die körperliche Arbeit zu deren Betrieb oder ein Leben mit den Annehmlichkeiten technischen Fortschritts definieren darüber hinaus auch das soziale (Klassen-)Gefüge der Stadt.

Buhalis, D. (2020), "Technology in tourism-from information communication technologies to eTourism and smart tourism towards ambient intelligence tourism: a perspective article", Tourism Review, Vol 75(1).

Purpose-Technology revolutionises the tourism industry and determines the strategy and competitiveness of tourism organisations and destinations. This paper aims to explore the transformational and disruptive nature of technology for tourism. Design/methodology/approach-This paper is based on systematic research. Findings-Technology innovations bring the entire range of stakeholders together in tourism service ecosystems. Technology-empowered tourism experiences increasingly support travellers to co-create value throughout all stages of travel. Ambient Intelligence (AmI) Tourism (2020-future) is driven by a range of disruptive technologies. Inevitably smart environments transform industry structures, processes and practices, having disruptive impacts for service innovation, strategy, management, marketing and competitiveness of everybody involved. Originality/value-The paper synthesises developments in technology for tourism and proposes a future perspective.

ÖZET Kentsel alanlar sürekli bir sosyo-ekonomik değişim içerisindedir. Değişim süreci kentsel alanların genişlemesi ve nüfuslarının artması ile sonuçlanmaktadır. Hızlı ve kontrolsüz kentleşme süreci birçok sorunu beraberinde getirmektedir. Teknoloji kentsel dünya ortaya çıkan sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel sorunların üstesinden gelmek; yaşanabilir kentsel alanlar oluşturabilmek için kullanılan araçlardan biridir. Bilgi iletişim teknolojilerinin sürdürülebilirlik ve yaşam kalitesinin arttırılması amacıyla kullanıldığı kentler akıllı kentler olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Akıllı kentlerde sadece teknoloji altyapısının güçlendirilmesi söz konusu değildir. Planlama ve yönetim sürecinde insan, ekonomi, çevre, yönetişim, yaşam ve hareketlilik bileşenleri de dikkate alınmaktadır. Akıllı kent uygulamalarında farklı alanlarda gelişmiş teknolojileri yaygın bir şekilde kullanan öncü kentler (Lighthouse Cities) ve uygulamaları yaygınlaştırma çabası içerisindeki takipçi kentler (Follower Cities) yer almaktadır. Takipçi kentler açısından geliştirilebilecek yaklaşımlardan biri öncü kentlerde yapılan iyi uygulama örneklerinin incelenmesidir. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı öncü kentlerde yapılan akıllı kent iyi uygulama örneklerinden hareketle takipçi kentler için çıkarımlar yapılmasıdır. Çalışmanın örneklemi Stockholm ve Bursa kentleridir. Uygulamaların incelenmesinde nitel yaklaşım kullanılmıştır. Kentlerde yapılan akıllı kent uygulamaları akıllı kent strateji, uygulama ve yönetim planları; internet kaynakları ve akademik yayınlar aracılığı ile incelenmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda Stockholm'ün öncü kent olduğu Bursa kenti içi örnek teşkil edebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmış ve Bursa kenti için akıllı kent uygulamalarına yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir. ABSTRACT Urban areas are in continuous socioeconomic change. The process of change brings about the urban sprawl and population increase. The rapid and uncontrolled urbanization process causes certain problems. Technology is a tool utilized for overcoming social, economic, environmental problems areas and creating livable urban areas. The cities where information communication technologies are used for sustainability and enhancing the quality of life are considered as smart cities. Smart cities are not only developing technological infrastructure but also human, economic, environmental, governance, life, and mobility component are taken into consideration in planning and administration process. In terms of smart city practices, lighthouse cities that use advanced smart technologies in certain fields and follower cities aiming to enhance practices emerge. One of the approaches for follower cities is investigating good practices of lighthouse cities. In this context, this study set out to make inference for follower cities based on the good practices of lighthouse cities. The samples of the study are Stockholm and Bursa. Qualitative method is employed to investigate practices. Smart city practices

Kentlerde yaşayan nüfusun sürekli artış göstermesi, kent sorunlarının giderek artmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, yerel yönetimler tarafından şehir kaynaklarının daha etkin ve verimli kullanılması, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinden faydalanarak akıllı şehir çözümlerinin hayata geçirilmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Bu tez çalışmasının amacı mevcut durumda akıllı şehir çözümlerinin sunduğu değer önerilerini literatürdeki akıllı şehir kriterleri açısından inceleyerek hangi alanlarda ilerlemeler bulunduğunu, hangi alanlarda henüz gelişim alanı olduğunu tespit etmektir. Bu vesileyle, akıllı şehirler konusunda daha fazla çözüm üretilmesi gereken alanlarla ilgili fikir verilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında akıllı şehirlerde hayata geçirilen çözümler, akıllı şehir projeleri ve akıllı şehir uygulamaları şeklinde iki ayrı grupta ele alınmış, akıllı şehir çözümlerine ait nitel ve nicel verilerin toplanması, verilerin istatistiki analizi ve karşılaştırılmasına dayalı bir araştırma yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Her iki grupta yer alan çözümlerin değer önerileri, Osterwalder ve Pigneur iş modeli çerçevesinde incelenerek Cohen’in akıllı şehir çarkındaki kriterlerle hangi oranda uyumlu olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca her iki grupta bulunan çözümlerin akıllı şehir kriterleri açısından birbirleriyle karşılaştırılması sonucunda da akıllı şehir çözümleriyle ilgili genel değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to find a real-time parking location for a four-wheeler. Design/methodology/approach-Real-time parking availability using specific infrastructure requires a high cost of installation and maintenance cost, which is not affordable to all urban cities. The authors present statistical block matching algorithm (SBMA) for real-time parking management in small-town cities such as Bhavnagar using an in-built surveillance CCTV system, which is not installed for parking application. In particular, data from a camera situated in a mall was used to detect the parking status of some specific parking places using a region of interest (ROI). The method proposed computes the mean value of the pixels inside the ROI using blocks of different sizes (8 Â 10 and 20 Â 35), and the values were compared among different frames. When the difference between frames is more significant than a threshold, the process generates "no parking space for that place." Otherwise, the method yields "parking place available." Then, this information is used to print a bounding box on the parking places with the color green/red to show the availability of the parking place. Findings-The real-time feedback loop (car parking positions) helps the presented model and dynamically refines the parking strategy and parking position to the users. A whole-day experiment/validation is shown in this paper, where the evaluation of the method is performed using pattern recognition metrics for classification: precision, recall and F1 score. Originality/value-The authors found real-time parking availability for Himalaya Mall situated in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, for 18th June 2018 video using the SBMA method with accountable computational time for finding parking slots. The limitations of the presented method with future implementation are discussed at the end of this paper.

O compartilhamento de viagens-a base da revolução em relação ao poder dos passageiros-nos deu um vislumbre do que o futuro reserva para aqueles que passaram grande parte de nossas vidas presos no intermináveis congestionamentos. Vale ressaltar que o deslocamento é uma impedância criada no espaço urbano pois o tempo gasto no deslocamento significa um tempo perdido em relação as necessidades das pessoas. Os aplicativos de compartilhamento de viagens tem alterado a forma como as pessoas se deslocam pela cidade. Isto afetou diretamente a qualidade de vida muito mais do que seria facilmente aparente. Uma vez que os aplicativos vem aliviando a péssima experiencia de dirigir no trânsito das grandes cidades brasileiras, mas os benefícios podem ir muito além disso. O compartilhamento de viagens permiti usar o tempo perdido durante o deslocamento para fazer ligações, ler e manter contato com clientes, colegas, familiares e amigos. Algo que no transporte público convencional é complicado devido a lotação do veículo. E isso é apenas um prenúncio do que está por vir: está chegando o momento em que as pessoas entregarão as chaves a veículos autônomos. Os passageiros poderão relaxar e aproveitar o passeio, sem estresse (exceto, talvez, pelas chamadas de outros clientes que irão compartilhar a viagem). Outro ponto positivo é que com a automação dos veículos o custo do transporte público irá reduzir substancialmente podendo fazer com que os recursos possam ser realocados na melhoria continua da qualidade do serviço. Portanto, nos últimos anos, a tecnologia abriu o caminho para uma das maiores oportunidades econômicas do nosso tempo, a transformação da indústria automotiva. A maioria dos fabricantes de automóveis promete um carro autônomo até 2020. Isso criou oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de novos aplicativos e o novo hardware a ser projetado e fabricado para aprimorar e dirigir os veículos autônomos. Os economistas preveem uma economia de US $ 800 bilhões em 2035 e uma escala de US $ 7 trilhões até 2050. Com a perspectiva de veículos autônomos se tornarem comuns, com entrada, entrega e experiências personalizadas de conteúdo para cada passageiro, o compartilhamento de viagens deve ser um participante significativo na monetização da primeira fase desse novo modo de transporte. A chegada desta nova visão alimentará um mundo mais seguro e competente. E a alteração na forma de "consumir" a mobilidade irá melhorar a qualidade de vida nas cidades e possivelmente a qualidade do transporte público coletivo, vide o exemplo do Citybus 2.0 implantado em Goiânia

This paper has several aims: a) the presentation of a critical analysis of the terms “smart sustainable cities” and “smart sustainable islands” b) the presentation of a number of principles towards to the development methodological framework of concepts and actions, in a form of a manual and actions guide, for the smartification and sustainability of islands. This kind of master plan is divided in thematic sectors (key factors) which concern the insular municipalities c) the creation of an island’s smartification and sustainability index d) the first steps towards the creation of a portal for the presentation of our smartification actions manual, together with relative resources, smart applications examples, and, in the near future the first results of our index application in a number of Greek islands and e) the presentation of some proposals of possible actions towards their sustainable development and smartification for the municipalities - islands of Paros and Antiparos in Greec...

La adopción del framework Ciudades MIL es una propuesta que engloba a las ciudades resilientes, inteligentes, saludables, creativas e innovadoras. En el presente trabajo se propone mostrar cómo la implementación de este paradigma podría contribuir a superar algunos de los problemas estructurales y de salud en las universidades. Para ello, se realiza un análisis exploratorio y comparativo utilizando 13 indicadores inspirados en el paradigma de las ciudades MIL, adaptado a las ciudades universitarias, profundizando en la universidad de Sao Paolo. Como resultado principal se evidencia que aún hay un largo camino por recorrer, antes de que puedan evaluarse los campus universitarios como inteligentes. Se concluye exponiendo que no existe una planificación preventiva sólida para combatir enfermedades y pandemias.

This research paper aims to survey a sample of residents, high school students and
officials in the city of Al-Khobar in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia about their readiness to accept
the "Green City" (GC) concept. The research aims also to reach some means that could be used by
the City to facilitate the application of the GC measures in terms of improving and upgrading energy
systems, waste collection and treatment system, urban design qualities, the quality of urban ecology,
the efficiency of transportation systems, ienvironmental health, and water systems.
The paper consists of five basic parts. Part I is general introduction which presents the research
problem, objectives, scope, methodology and significance. Part II is a theoretical study containing a
literature review covering main research concepts and terms as well as analysis of two GC examples:
(Masdar and Pasadena). Part III is a field study to explore the views of samples of residents, high
school students and city officials. The survey inquired about the extent of applying GC measures at
the present time and their applicability in the future. It identifies the most preferable green solutions
to be applied in any future plans of the City. Part IV is an analytical study applying the
“Development Components Analysis” method to extract the four components (needs, problems,
resources, and goals) as related to the specific 21 measures of GC. Part V concludes the research with
some means that could be used by Khobar to facilitate the application of GC measures.
The study resulted in a number of concrete findings that could be considered as indicators (from the
viewpoints of study samples) to determine the current level of green city of Khobar in relation to the
standard level in each of the seven green sectors. These levels are: 14.7% for transport, 16.3% for
urban design, 23.6% for water, 23.9% for energy, 34.0% for environmental health, 40.3 % for waste
management, and 44.4% for urban nature. Moreover, the study identified a number of solutions as
suggested by respondents in each area of GC. Some of these solutions are: the use of renewable
energy, improved waste disposal systems, all stated green urban design solutions, promotion of
public transport, reduce products that are dangerous on public health, and access to safe drinking
water.

Currently, vehicular cloud computing has appeared as one of the fast growing technologies in the globe. The cloud-based RFID merged with the VANET provide many advantages such as data storage and processing. This paper proposes an intelligent RFID-enabled authentication scheme for filtering access applications in VANET environment. In the proposed scheme, an ECC authentication model is used to protect the authentication of HF or UHF tags, and readers. The proposed scheme can be used in many fields and applications such as campuses, parking, toll collection, etc. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture, a case study was treated in a university campus. In order to allow research works, teaching and the various activities of the University's units to be carried out in a high level of security, a system filtering the access of vehicles to campus was applied.

Advocated mostly by technology companies, the smart city concept promises participation, democratization and innovative urbanism. Tracking these promises and ideas, this paper explores "smart urbanism" in ten cities from all over Israel. Based on interviews with leading figures in municipalities, smart city consultants and key figures in technological companies (n = 40), the aims of this paper are to assess the efforts of cities to become smart by responding to the following questions: 1. What is guiding the decision-making process in developing technological initiatives? 2. Does context play a role in implementing technological initiatives? 3. How are the residents perceived, and what tools are being used to address residents' digital differences? The key argument of this paper is threefold: first, in the process of becoming a smart city, the roles of public and private actors are blurred, influencing the process of decision making. Second, despite contextual differences, cities adopt similar digital initiatives. Third, technological initiatives that focus on social needs and address inequality in the digital age are still at the margins. The final discussion suggests that most municipalities are still at an early stage of digitization implementation and have the ability to shape and form a vision for the cities as socio-technological ecosystems in a way that will serve their publics as a whole. The paper ends with a call for shifting the focus from the city to society in developing digital initiatives and cultivating smart social urbanism. ++ Cities today are influenced by the digital revolution. Context, funding and regulations play a key role in this dynamic process, which results in variations between cities. As a global uneven process, the key question is not whether digitization is penetrating cities, but what are the new types of socio-technological ecosystems being created? What are the departure points in implementing digitization projects in cities? Who is taking the lead in this formation process? Is there still a possibility to shape this process with an aim of creating an ecosystem that would serve the public good? This paper addresses these questions, under the premise that most municipalities are still at an early stage of digitization implementation and have the ability to shape and form a vision for the cities as socio-technological ecosystems in a way that will serve their publics as a whole. Digitization implementation and projects in cities are often entitled and branded as "smart city" projects. The "smart city" concept became common in the first decade of the twenty-first century. However, there is no consensus about what the term "smart city" means, despite its importance and its contribution to urban development (

The article deals with the concept of Smart Cities and their development in the Slovak Republic. It identifies important documents and cities within Slovakia, that are the most successful ones in implementation of smart solutions. In this article, we define affiliated term Safe City, introduce its elements and more closely identify the position of crisis management in Smart and Safe City. The second chapter summarizes the information and its sources, needed for effective crisis management, the transfer and processing of which should
be one of the development priorities within the concept of Smart City.
Key words: Smart City, Safe City, Crisis Management, Informational Needs

V článku sa zaoberáme konceptom inteligentných miest a ich rozvoja v Slovenskej republike. Identifikujeme pre rozvoj dôležité dokumenty a slovenské mestá, ktoré najúspešnejšie napredujú v inteligentných riešeniach. V článku definujeme prepojený termín bezpečné mesto, uvádzame jeho prvky a bližšie identifikuje miesto krízového manažmentu
v inteligentnom a bezpečnom meste. Druhá kapitola sumarizuje informácie a zdroje informácií, potrebné pre efektívnu činnosť krízového manažmentu, ktorých prenos
a spracovávanie by malo byť v rámci konceptu inteligentného mesta jednou z priorít vývoja.
Kľúčové slová: inteligentné mesto, bezpečné mesto, krízový manažment, informačné požiadavky

Can smart cities help us achieve true sustainable development? With merely a decade to go to deliver on the 2030 agenda and the universal Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), digital development is seen as a forceful catalyst that can help governments close developmental gaps and accelerate progress. In particular, smart and sustainable cities are becoming microcosms of policy and governance transformation challenges we face in our drive towards achieving the SDGs. They are the juncture where the governance issues we face in addressing developmental goals intersect with the promises—and challenges—of the digital future. Additionally, they are also the arena where policy innovations and governance dilemmas emerge and interact. How can Arab governments navigate these major double-edged transformations? More importantly, how can they do so rapidly, but safely; with agility, but also with inclusiveness that leaves no one behind? In other words, how can we deliver on the promises of smart cities, ‘digital by default’ governance, data-driven public policy, knowledge-based digital economies and artificial intelligence adoption across the governance apparatus? How can we succeed in reaching these grand goals sustainably, without causing harm to society, damaging decades-old economic models, destroying established safety nets, infringing on personal rights or causing social unrest? What types of policy instruments do we need? Which public administration tools would suit the region’s context? What governance structures would help achieve local, as well as global, objectives? Finally, what combination of skillsets and capabilities do governments need to respond to challenges faced by their populations and not others? A year ago, the Dubai Policy Review was launched as a world-leading thought-leadership journal with the mandate to deliver evidence-backed policy recommendations and practical actionable advice to senior policymakers and government practitioners across the government ecosystem. This edition of the DPR extends the theme of "public policy for a digital future" presented in the inaugural edition. It goes in-depth to analyze the link between smart cities and digital development as catalysts for a sustainable future. As you read through the thought-provoking contributions in this edition, the link between sustainable development on the one hand, and smart cities and digital development on the other, becomes clear. When smart cities fail, they create expensive lost opportunities for development, and may lead to urban and social decay (Pardo). However, assessing if they are succeeding and measuring their performance towards the future is highly complex and can lead to different pathways (Lanvin). Moreover, cities will soon host the majority of the world’s population. If we are to really "leave no one behind", then having cities that grow ‘smart’, but become less accessible, will be a step backwards for many of the sustainable development goals (Pineda and Poitier). Meanwhile, in the Arab region, we now know which of the SDGs we are lagging behind on, what local data to gather, how to prioritize and the urgency of regional coordination (Luomi). We have global lessons on the novel governance structures and innovative policy approaches we can establish (Fyson, Lindberg and Morales, OECD). Moving ahead towards a sustainable future will also require painful economic transformations and trade-offs (Arezki, World Bank). These command adopting agile governance approaches and taking painful steps to respond to the pressing social changes of the digital age (Santiso, CAF Development Bank). They require comprehensive policy instruments that inform, measure and drive impact and value in complex policymaking ecosystems (Andrews and Samji). However, given the monumental challenges the region faces, governments cannot lead this transformation alone. They need to empower societal leaders and collaborate with change-makers willing to drive large-scale developmental interventions (Jalbout). At a strategic level, governments in the region need to apply a holistic agenda for development that embraces digital transformation at the core (El-Sherbiny, UN ESCWA). A key part of which will rely on building a future-facing digital economy that adapts to the knowledge economy era (Al-Khouri). However, to achieve these ambitious developmental goals, nations have to find their own formulas for adopting novel transformations, such as data-driven and AI-enabled digital government (AlDhaheri). The path leading the region to successfully achieving the SDGs is not straightforward. It is filled with major obstacles and the roadmap that can guide leaders through it is not yet clear. To help policymakers through this journey, the carefully curated set of articles in this edition of the DPR provides rich datasets, policy recommendations, tools, action plans, advice and warnings. These are presented in each of the insightful contributions, providing a wealth of policy options for government leaders in the region. The philosophy of the Dubai Policy Review is to generate value and advance progress towards better governance, higher quality of public administration, and policies that drive real impact. Ultimately, we hope that the thought-leading contributions presented here, will inform and support leaders in governing development responsively, responsibly and sustainably towards a better future in the region.
Read more at: https://dubaipolicyreview.ae/smart-cities-the-policy-catalyst-for-sustainable-development/

El término “movilidad urbana” hace referencia al conjunto de desplazamientos que realizan los ciudadanos dentro de un entorno urbano para satisfacer sus necesidades diarias. Si se combina con la idea de sostenibilidad, entendida como aquel sistema que consume recursos por debajo del nivel de renovación de los mismos, resulta la movilidad urbana sostenible, que serán aquellos desplazamientos que se realizan dentro de la ciudad de forma sostenible.

Son varios los recursos que consume la movilidad: recursos energéticos, tiempo, espacio e incluso al propio ciudadano a través de su salud. Además existen diferentes modos que tienen opción de escoger los ciudadanos para realizar sus desplazamientos.

Un plan de fomento de la movilidad sostenible pasará por potenciar aquellos modos de transporte identificados como más sostenibles en detrimento de aquellos que consumen una mayor cantidad de recursos.

En el presente documento, primero se realiza una reflexión sobre qué es la movilidad sostenible y que modos de transportes son los que se adaptan mejor a este concepto, para después plantear herramientas TIC que fomenten estos modos.

El estudio de las herramientas a aplicar se hace según el modelo de Lean Canvas, que en un primer momento humaniza tanto al cliente como al usuario de cada modo de transporte, buscando entender sus motivaciones y frustraciones hacia el uso de los diferentes modos de transporte, para después plantear propuestas de valor que potencien las motivaciones o reduzca las frustraciones para fomentar los modos de transportes clasificados como sostenibles en una ciudad.

This article discusses how the elderly experience their ICT usage as the ageing citizens of the Finnish information society. Through reflexive ethnographic analysis the human-(non-)human boundary-making and temporalities are analyzed from the “ICT biographies” of sixteen interviewees. The perspectives of ageing as lived experience and as socio-cultural phenomenon; and the socio-materiality entangled with temporal layers; are combined to understand the intra-action between the ageing ICT users and technology. The social relations are discussed as essential part of this intra-action: the interviewees perceive themselves as slow and clumsy ICT users in relation to younger “generations”, for example. In the human-machine boundary making the interviewees’ previous experiences on communication technologies are significant. As an addition to previous studies on ICT and ageing, this article further discusses the benefits of ethnographic study on existing ICT practices for urban computing design. What could be learnt from these practices in relation to, for example, technology usage in private and public places, negative and positive experiences, motivations and needs of ageing citizens? Or how could design benefit from understanding ageing as lived experience which however reflects the social discourses about ageing and technology, as well as the socio-cultural environment ageing adults live in.

Until recently, knowledge-intensive work activities have predominantly taken place in office buildings as a specialized form of economic infrastructure. New digital technologies together with an economic and organizational transition from closed firms to open platforms has changed the pattern of work within the modern metropolis. The office building is no longer the sole workplace typology and work activity has intensified in other urban locations. The questions then are: "How might smart cities reinterpret workplace culture at the urban scale outside the framework of office buildings typology?" and "Which tools and methodologies can be used to make digital workplace culture visible at the urban scale?" In order to answer these questions, workplaces are observed not as private architectural spaces but as compositions of "subjective urban experiences". A Twitter data analysis provides evidence of workplace spatial culture within the innovative global cities of Amsterdam, London and Paris, interpreted as behavior settings. This analysis shows that office pattern locations are generally distributed independently to knowledge intensive business services and workplace demand, as expressed through social media analyses. In addition to office buildings, transit hubs, urban amenities and new digital services play a key role in reframing workplace location. Moving beyond generic visions for digital work in outer spaces, big data therefore provides specific insights and incentives for considering workplace design at the urban scale.

Since the beginning of the 2010s, the existence of widespread shared workshops has enabled access to digital manufacturing tools. Mainly located in urban areas, these facilities seek to make means of production, to design, prototype and repair all kinds of objects available to the citizens. These practices have been supported by activists of the "democratization" of digital manufacturing spearheaded by the maker movement. Urban authorities have gradually been won over by the these activits' promises to encourage entrepreneurship, generate new knowledge, mobilize citizens and even transform the perceptions of and the way in which manufacturing is conducted in the city. However, these activists' attractive discourse overly mechanically equates the accessibility of these digital tools to the idea of empowerment. Under what conditions can these practices of making lead to an increase in citizens' individual and collective power to act, or even to social change? This article aims to answer this question by firstly constructing an analytical framework of makerspaces empowerment, and secondly by analysing the case of the public network of makerspaces in Barcelona: the Ateneus de Fabricacio. To do so, our qualitative research will be based on the documentary analysis of official publications, direct observations carried out at the aforementioned workshops, and in-depth interviews with key players Barcelona makerspaces' scene. Our results will demonstrate that in the context of smart cities, the public acceptance of these places leads to the transformation of administrative practices. Free access to public makerspaces is accompanied by a change in the relationship between public organizations and users in order to promote the empowerment of the inhabitants of Barcelona thanks to these fabrication practices.

The autonomy of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-self-governing in the aerospace discipline has been a remarkable research area with the development of the advanced bespoke microcontrollers embedded with advanced AI techniques for the last several decades. The road forward about the operational environment is certain about the swarms of fully automated UAVs (FAUAVs), that is, urban areas. FAUAVs with self-learning and self-decision-making abilities by executing non-trivial sequences of events with decimetre-level accuracy based on a set of rules, control loops and constraints using dynamic flight plans and trajectories are taking their indispensable parts within smart cities (SCs). Therefore, their integration with the SC components using real-time data analytics is urgent. This is mainly required to establish a better swarm intelligence along with a safer and optimised harmonious smart ecosystem that enables cooperative FAUAV-SC automation systems with collaborative automated intelligence engaging in the concepts of Internet of Everything (IoE) and Automation of Everything (AoE). Planning the future of cities with swarms of FAUAVs is explored in this paper to optimise the use of FAUAVs with a diverse range of applications and a contemporary methodology is proposed using a holistic framework-FAUAVinSCF equipped with various effective and efficient techniques along with a novel FAUAV routing technique customisable to the constraints of FAUAVs and urban areas. With the methodology, the components of SC and FAUAVs involving recent and impending technological advancements are moulded together to make this inevitable transformation a harmonious part of the inhabitants contributing to the cities' liveability and sustainability. The framework consists of a decentralized agent-based control architecture that monitors and controls the swarms of resource-constraint FAUAVs for their real-time requirements in optimising their urban uses. The outcomes of the methodology suggest that the constraints of FAUAVs can be mitigated significantly in urban areas and consequently, their efficacy can be increased in realising their diverse range of missions.

Within the framework of sustainable development, it is important to take into account environmental aspects of urban areas related to their energy use. In this article, a methodology is proposed for assessing residential energy uses for buildings and transport at the city scale.

This paper presents a case study of a Smart City initiative in Lyngby-Taarbæk municipality, which has successfully applied the triple helix model to create an informal collaboration between academia, government and private industry. The study recounts how a group of university students, participating in a big data hackathon, managed to create a smart city solution prototype based on open data in only 48 hours. The solution offers to make the municipality more cost efficient and improve citizen services, while simultaneously contributing to reduced CO2 emissions, thus addressing a difficult societal challenge. A special attention is paid to how the smart city vision based on the triple helix model is used to align interests and enable an informal collaboration between heterogeneous stakeholders. This collaboration represents an underlying value network, where value generation is moving beyond the simple profit-driven mechanisms of the markets. The paper identifies three main roles in the triple helix based value network: The Influencer, the Facilitator and The Implementer

Internet of Things (IoT) has a huge attention recently due to its new emergence, benefits, and contribution to improving the quality of human lives. Securing IoT poses an open area of research, as it is the base of allowing people to use the technology and embrace this development in their daily activities. Authentication is one of the influencing security element of Information Assurance (IA), which includes confidentiality, integrity, and availability, non repudiation, and authentication. Therefore, there is a need to enhance security in the current authentication mechanisms. In this report, some of the authentication mechanisms proposed in recent years have been presented and reviewed. Specifically, the study focuses on enhancement of security in CoAP protocol due to its relevance to the characteristics of IoT devices and its need to enhance its security by using the symmetric key with biometric features in the authentication. This study will help in providing secure authentication technology for IoT data, device, and users.

The optimal routing problem has always been the main event of city emergency rescue. Its research object has developed from searching for "the shortest route" to searching "the optimal route". The related algorithms and techniques differ in different situations. In addition to distance problem, the influence of various parameters factors should also be analyzed under the complicated conditions. The amount of the accidents in the world is terrifying and it is viewed as the highest in the world. So in this situation, we need an efficient method for fast intervention that will respond in such situations. Therefore, it is important to encourage the study in ambulance management and routing by introducing a new strategy for guiding ambulance toward the position of the accident in an efficient way. A distributed solution is proposed based on the ant colony system algorithm model. The improved method is based on a distributed architecture to compute and find the optimal path for a set of emergency vehicles. Based on the defect of the ambulance route planning, this paper puts forward a new distributed model to find the best way that minimizes the time while taking into consideration the cases of problems that can appear each time such as traffics, speed limit, number of available ambulances, the position of the hospitals.

This essay reflects on the rhythmic and performatic dimension of the archipelago in order to use it as a heuristic tool to understand the “intelligence” of the Smart City. Recognising the “smart ideology” which has brought to the actual “algorithmic governmentality”, and to the image of the network as keyword for describing any kind of relation in the present, the aim is to propose the idea of the archipelago, through Caribbean authors Antonio Benítez Rojo and Edouard Glissant, as an alternative orientation which gives place to a new understanding of collective intelligence.

Smart, sustainable and safe cities. But how can a traditional metropolis achieve this complex aim? What facts are go handed together with the sustainability and the safety expected by the townsmen? How could we improve our city better all by ourselves? What kinds of technological side has got a smart city’s construction and development? We could easily illustrate the answers several numbers from among the urban infrastructures. At the same time in our sight the urban traffic infrastructure in the city's fabric such as the vascular system which encompassed human bodies. The vehicular traffic in cities is almost look likes the flow of the blood in our body. Accordingly, we will point out the local transport system of the city only subjective way. The reason of the above applied method is that we would like to analyze the main qualities of the clever city transport subsystem.

Perancangan smart  city di kawasan kota  mandiri merupakan sebuah konsep kota  cerdas/pintar yang membantu masyarakat yang  berada di dalamnya  dengan mengelola  sumber daya yang ado dengan efisien don  memberikan informasi yang tepat  kepada  masyarakat/ lembaga dalam melakukan kegiatannya atau pun mengantisipasi  kejadian yang tak terduga  sebelumnya.

Wireless communications, with the emerging technologies of cloud computing, ubiquitous sensing and big data, had the impact of changing all aspects of our lives. The aim of this paper is to discuss the possibility of enhancing greenhouse agricultural activities in an arid climate using Internet of Things (IoT) and other computational technologies, especially as an enablers of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA). The utilization of CEA practices and the efficiency and effectiveness of agricultural big data are highly affected by the availability of wireless connectivity. In this paper we propose a framework that utilizes emerging computational technologies to monitor and control a CEA.