Land-use planning

At the core of this study lies the recognition that the current human civilization is facing a multitude of concurrent environmental challenges converging from many directions. Deteriorating condition of the Earth's rehabilitative processes and regenerative systems gives out subtle warning signals that these environmental challenges have the real potential of culminating in a total environmental catastrophe, which may conceivably produce widespread devastation unlike any other in human history. This study aims to identify major environmental design principles and strategies to overcome these challenges, and to assist the civilization reestablish the naturally regenerative harmony and the rehabilitative balances of Nature. The results of literature review and resource analyses behind this study suggest that most pressing environmental design challenges can be clustered within a few major categories including environmental degradation, resource depletion, global climate change, and population growth.

As the majority of current environmental challenges appear to originate from planning, design, and operations of urban environments, this study identifies a series of Core Principles from mainstream urban design practices such as Smart Growth, New Urbanism, Resilient Cities, Eco-Villages, Regenerative Design, Living Buildings, as well as Green Urbanism. To complement the core principles, a series of Supporting Strategies are derived from such practices as Urban Redevelopment and Infill, LEED-Neighborhood Development, Transit-Oriented Development, Growth Management, Natural Capitalism, Renewable Sources of Energy and Materials, Urban Agriculture, Hannover Principles, as well as Next Industrial Revolution. Based on this foundation the author synthesizes a new, integrated, comprehensive design agenda aiming at the restoration of natural environment, which is coined here as Restorative Design or Restorative Urban Design. The restorative approach not only realigns a wide variety of fragmented design principles and strategies of designing inherently resilient and sustainable environments but also repurposes their ultimate goals toward the restoration of pristine Nature.

Relying exclusively on multifaceted, multi-disciplinary, long-term, and comprehensive environmental planning principles and strategies, the Restorative agenda sets out to propagate appreciation and respect for Nature in order to prevent the destruction of planetary life and to reestablish human harmony within natural systems. It strongly advocates not only the management of population growth and urban sprawl but also the expansion of open natural areas and natural ecosystems. The Restorative theory encourages phasing out of nonrenewable practices and promotes reliance on current solar income and other renewable sources of energy, placing greater emphasis on increased urban densities, quality of life, as well as equality within economic and social structures. It also seeks new legal instruments, land ownership, mass transportation, as well as agricultural patterns toward transformation of existing urban fabric. Finally, the study concludes that only through such a realignment and heightened purpose can environmental planning and design efforts effectively restore and sustain the richness, diversity, health, and beauty of the natural world. The worldwide application of the outlined restorative principles and strategies can help the recovery, revitalization, and restoration of pristine natural systems to the fullest extent possible.

PENTINGNYA PETA DESA

Fisko


Abstract: The making of Village Boundary Map is mandated by the Law No 6 0f 2014 on Village.  The map of Village Boundary should not only present the boundary of the area but should also present the data and information included in the village..The activity of listing done by P4T should result a village map.. The implementation of the activity is suggested to change—that is by applying the participatory Mapping Model. There should be a comprehensive  understanding  of society, the Local Government, together with the ministry of ATR/BPN on a Village map  as the map will show not only parcels of lands but also potential of land as well as problems related to the existence of lands. This will make us aware of the importance of a village map. The model will also benefit the ministry of ATR/BPN. One the benefits are that the map presents objects of Agrarian reform of 9 million hectares of within 2015- 2019.

Keywords: Village map, Participative Mapping.

In this introduction to a Virtual Special Issue on land rent, we sketch out the history of land rent theory, encompassing: classical political economy, Marx's political economy, the marginalist turn and subsequent foundations for urban economics, and the Marxist consensus around rent theory during geography's spatial turn. We then overview some of the contemporary strands of literature that have developed since the breakdown of this consensus, namely political economy approaches centred on capital-switching, institutionalism of various stripes, and the rent gap theory. We offer a critical urban political economy perspective and a particular set of arguments run through the review: first, land is not the same as capital but has unique attributes as a factor of production which require a separate theorisation. Second, since the 1970s consensus around land rent and the city dissipated, the critical literature has tended to take the question of why/how the payment exists at all for granted and so has ignored the particular dynamics of rent arising from the idiosyncrasies of land. Amongst the talk of an 'Anthropocene' and 'planetary urbanisation' it is surprising that the economic fulcrum of the capitalist remaking of geography has fallen so completely off the agenda. It is time to bring rent back into the analysis of land, cities and capitalism.

Landfills are the most common and easiest methods to dispose the municipal waste in Romania and still prevails in current waste management options. This type of critical infrastructure was designed to dispose urban waste generated over years or even decades and ultimately led to create new landforms in urban landscape. On the other hand, these sites are major sources of complex pollution unfulfilling EU regulations, being scheduled to be closed. This paper aims to analyze landfills as anthropogenic landforms by applying GIS techniques emphasizing them in a geographical context and not only in situ. The location of these sites usually on alluvial plains of rivers leading to positive landforms that may change hydrogeomorphology dynamics or to be exposed to the floods. The other side, their location in hilly or mountainous regions increase vulnerability to other geomorphological process (gully erosion, landslide). Also, the extension of human settlements and land use is influenced by the presence of such a site either it is closed. The implications of these landforms are varied and must be linked to geographical realities from around. Thus, the mapping of these anthropogenic landforms contribute to a better understanding of the systemic interactions from local environment. This approach may be an important tool for EIA studies, in the process of rehabilitation, post-monitoring and reintegration of these landfills.

The experience we have gained working on Plans for the Use of Coastal Areas in Sardinia, has enabled us to develop projects de-signed to achieve a balance between environmental conservation and the demands of tourism. Planning for the sustainable use of the coast, pursues specific aims of conservation and development, taking into account structural operations for the active manage-ment of the coastal dunes, which are strategic ecosystems that guarantee the conservation of our beaches. Decisions on projects of environmental protection can be based on agreements between public and private bodies, to be defined by calls for tenders regard-ing concessions on public maritime domain established by the Plan for the Use of Coastal Areas.

The city core is the centre of all major activities reflecting the culture of an urban centre in the most comprehensive manner and mostly, have a unique functional significance. Such centres run on and through transportation nerves and several nodes. In walled cities, the space devoted to transportation has remained more or less the same over the years while the demand for such space has undergone a tremendous upswing. The vehicular population in Surat is around 24, 21,043 (2015) so it is essential to manage its movements and ill effects like as air and noise pollution, traffic congestion, time loss, and so on.

Rajmarg (Road connecting Chowk to Delhi Gate) -2.4 km long stretch of Surat, an oldest and most important link passes through the CBD area. Naturally, it observes the problem of heavy traffic congestion due to its mixed land-use and direct
connectivity with Railway station from Rander-Adajan. There is no scope for further expansion of the available physical infrastructure within the CBD of Surat; it is the need of today to manage the available resources and make optimum use of it.

Basic details of study stretch are taken into the consideration like identification of land use (made by ground truthing), road cross-section, and special traffic generating activity. For addressing the traffic congestion, classified volume count survey and pedestrian count of 3 days i.e. Saturday, Sunday and Monday (by CCTV camera of Surat traffic police), speed and delay survey (by android mobile application “My Tracks”) has been performed and analysed. Analysis proved that the PCU/hour passing from Rajmarg is excessive than the limit (IRC-86:1983).From all analysed data, congestion location is identified, directional movement on all that location is surveyed and future traffic forecasting is done. Based on that alternative remedial measures is explored, a best alternative is chosen by SWOT and validated by the stakeholder.

If the final remedial measures are implemented, definitely it will lead to improving the present scenario for traffic congestion.

This paper provides a constructive critique of Corrine Cash's paper " Good governance and strong political will: Are they enough for transformation? " , published in volume 58 of Land Use Policy in 2016. By focusing on how intra-sector dynamics influence land use policies in conflicts revolving around urban sprawl, this paper aims to complement and, to some extent, widen the analytic lens deployed by Cash. The examination of the Spanish wine sector and its lack of zoning policies confirms Cash's argument about the need to go beyond discourses of 'good governance' and 'strong political will' to understand the dynamics underpinning real spatial processes. However, this exploration underscores the need to add layers of complexity to land use analyses, showing the relevance of intra-sector conflict and logics. In complicating any simplistic reduction of urban sprawl conflicts to rural–urban oppositions, the paper ultimately calls for a more dynamic and multiscalar planning theory to address complex governance issues.

As rapid urbanization intensifies around the world, so do contestations over how city space is utilized and for whose benefit urban revitalization is undertaken. The most prominent sites of this contestation are efforts by city residents to claim important urban goods—open squares, parks, abandoned or underutilized buildings, vacant lots, cultural institutions, streets and other urban infrastructure—as collective, or shared, resources of urban communities. The assertion of a common stake or interest in resources shared with others is a way of resisting the privatization and/or commodification of these resources. We situate these claims within an emerging “urban commons” framework embraced by progressive reformers and scholars across multiple disciplines. The urban commons framework has the potential to provide a discourse, and set of tools, for the development of revitalized and inclusive cities.  Yet, scholars have failed to fully develop the concept of the “urban commons,” limiting its utility to policymakers.

In this article, we offer a pluralistic account of the urban commons, including the idea of the city itself as a commons. We find that, as a descriptive matter, the characteristics of some shared urban resources mimic open-access, depletable resources that require a governance or management regime to protect them in a congested and rivalrous urban environment. For other kinds of resources in dispute, the language and framework of the commons operates as a normative claim to open up access of an otherwise closed or limited access good.  This latter claim resonates with the social obligation norm in property law identified by progressive property scholars and reflected in some doctrines which recognize that private ownership rights must sometimes yield to the common good or community interest.

Ultimately, however, the urban commons framework is more than a legal tool to make proprietary claims on particular urban goods and resources. Rather, we argue that the utility of the commons framework is to raise the question of how best to manage, or govern, shared or common resources.  The literature on the commons suggests alternatives beyond privatization of common resources or monopolistic public regulatory control over them.  We propose that the collaborative and polycentric governance strategies already being employed to manage some natural and urban common resources can be scaled up to the city level to guide decisions about how city space and common goods are used, who has access to them, and how they are shared among a diverse population. We explore what it might look like to manage the city as a commons by describing two evolving models of what we call “urban collaborative governance”: the sharing city and the collaborative city.

Site analysis methods are employed in Zimbabwe to ensure controlled urban development, but contrary to their initiatives, urban land use locational problems persist where uses do not complement each other. There is continued development on preserved sites, loss of open spaces, and increased sprouting of informal land uses in Gweru urban. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the site analysis methods employed in Gweru urban when selecting urban sites for land use development, relocation of land uses, processing change of use and reservation applications and siting new development projects. The paper revealed the site analysis methods (discretionary and the rational site analysis methods) that are used in Gweru urban for selecting sites for development. These site analysis methods were found to be effective only when considering hard factors that are more physical and tangible, but less effective when considering softer aspects that are more scientific, social and economic. Therefore, the paper recommends the planning professionals to employ more flexible tools that include Geographic Information Systems, Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence that allow for comprehensive site analysis leading to sustainable development.

La deforestación y la degradación de ecosistemas es un problema global e impacta su capacidad de proveer una gran diversidad de bienes y servicios. La restauración del paisaje forestal tiene la intención de asegurar que la funcionalidad ecológica y la productividad de tierras deforestadas y degradadas sean mejoradas para incrementar el bienestar humano y la conservación de la biodiversidad. La presente guía detalla los aspectos técnicos y la priorización del área a restaurar con sistemas silvopastoriles y agro-silvopastoril al considerar 12 paramétros sociales, económicos y ambientales.

This paper examines the delivery of infrastructure requirements related to the plan-making (LDF) process in England introduced as part of the 2004 planning system reforms. Success or otherwise in terms of plan implementation and infrastructure delivery is crucial if the reformed spatial planning system is to be successful. The paper draws on research undertaken as part of a government-sponsored research project into the operation of the new LDF process. The research reveals a significant gap between government expectations and current practice. It suggests that longer-term commitments by central government, alongside improved understanding of the spatial planning process and the role of local government as part of a continued drive for ‘culture change’ among local planning authorities and delivery partners, will be required if the current barriers to the delivery of infrastructure are to be overcome. Otherwise, the new-style LDFs are as likely to be plagued by implementation gaps as were their predecessors.