Management by Objectives (MBO)

Pretendeu-se com o presente estudo verificar a influência de mediação que a satisfação com o trabalho e a lealdade exerciam na relação de determinação das três componentes do comprometimento organizacional sobre a voz. Com base no modelo proposto foi estudado a influência exercida pela componente normativa do comprometimento organizacional através do perfil Dever Moral e do perfil Obrigação por Dívida. Os resultados sugerem que a voz é determinada negativamente pela componente calculativa do com...

Management by Objectives (MBO) is one of the most effective performance appraisal method widely used in the organization. This study deals with the effect of Management by Objectives on performance appraisal and employee satisfaction. A self-administered questionnaire was used to judge the perception of the employees regarding MBO and its effect on their performance appraisal and employee satisfaction. The number of participants included in the survey was 60 employees from 33 commercial banks at Rajshahi Division in Bangladesh. This study aims to identify the respondent's demographic profile such as age, education, salary, and banking experience and reveals the importance of MBO on their performance appraisal and employee satisfaction. IBM SPSS v23.0 program has been used to analyze the questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and Regression analysis used to test the hypotheses. Econometric results suggest that MBO should be used as a method of performance appraisal and most of the commercial banks use Management by Objectives as an effective tool. In our correlation analysis we found performance appraisal and employee satisfaction have a significant positive relationship (r=0.715). Performance appraisal increase employee satisfaction. Employee satisfaction increase productivity and effectiveness in the organization. Proper reward mechanism increase satisfaction level of the employees.

In diesem Beitrag erfahren Sie,
• mit welchen Vorteilen für alle Beteiligten sich das Führen mit Zielen verbindet (Kap. 1),
• wie Zielvereinbarungen das Management von Potenzialen und Performance auf jeder Ebene unterstützen (Kap. 2),
• wie eine handlungsrelevante, transparente, motivierende und messbare Zielformulierung gelingt (Kap. 3.1),
• wie die Zielerreichung bereits bei der Zielvereinbarung bestmöglich gesichert wird (Kap. 3.2),
• wie die Zielvereinbarungspartner den Zielvereinbarungsprozess effizient und zielsicher gestalten (Kap. 4),
• wie die Personalentwicklung die Weichen für eine professionelle Gestaltung von Zielvereinbarungen stellt (Kap. 5).

The paper presents natural and cultural historical values and rarities of the Tara Na?tional Park, whose significance in the ecosystem and cultural terms exceeds national borders. Special emphasis is placed on forest ecosystems, the state of which is shown through a series of elements. Starting from the current state of forests, on the one hand, and the functionally optimal state, on the other hand, general and special management objectives dominated by the protective component are defined. All objectives are of equal importance and, mainly, of a long-term character. Their realization depends, among other things, on the degree of dispro?portion of the initial and optimal-target state. The realization of goals is achieved by a set of management measures, which are grouped into silvicultural and management measures, with special attention paid to the values of the felling ripeness diameter in the forests of fir, beech and spruce, as the most prevalent categories of forests. It was not...

A conceptual framework is provided for considering the threshold concept in natural resource management and conservation. We define three kinds of thresholds relevant to management and conservation. Ecological thresholds are values of system state variables at which small changes bring about substantial or specified changes in system dynamics. They are frequently incorporated into ecological models used to project system responses to management actions. Utility thresholds are components of management objectives and are values of state or performance variables at which small changes yield substantial changes in the value of the management outcome. Decision thresholds are values of system state variables at which small changes prompt changes in management actions in order to reach specified management objectives. Decision thresholds are derived from the other components of the decision process. We advocate a structured decision making (SDM) approach within which the following components are identified: objectives (possibly including utility thresholds), potential actions, models (possibly including ecological thresholds), monitoring program, and a solution algorithm (which produces decision thresholds). Adaptive resource management (ARM) is described as a special case of SDM developed for recurrent decision problems that are characterized by uncertainty. We believe that SDM, in general, and ARM, in particular, provide good approaches to conservation and management. Use of SDM and ARM also clarifies the distinct roles of ecological thresholds, utility thresholds, and decision thresholds in informed decision processes.

Specification of such a framework leads naturally to consideration of definitions and roles of different kinds of thresholds in the process. We distinguish among three categories of thresholds. Ecological thresholds are values of system state variables at which small changes bring about ...

This article outlines an alternative procedure particular for counsellors in junior and secondary schools who often find nondirective techniques to be counterproductive. The authors suggest a two phase contracting system which involves: (a) an overall commitment by the client to participate in counselling combined with a clear offer of service by the counsellor, and (b) small ongoing contracts designed to fulfill the overall identified objectives of counselling. Client and counsellor responsibility is outlined for each step in the process. It is concluded that the contracting process provides a meaningful vehicle for counsellors to help adolescent clients clarify and order environmental input so that courses of action can be more meaningfull identified.

Purpose: This study comprised two main goals. The first goal demonstrates how LT (Lean Tools) allows the highest impact during the implementation phase.The second goal consisted of introducing procedure changes based on the Management of Human Resources through Lean Leadership tool. The target for these two objectives is to achieve an increase of 5% in machine occupancy rate and a reduction of 10% regarding the costs of defective products per hour.Methodology/Approach: The research methodology is a Action-Research/Research-Action developed by Professor Kurt Lewin of MIT that goes through cycles of five stages: Diagnosis; Planning; Implementation; Evaluation, Conclusions.Findings: Regarding the two objectives above mentioned, it was observed an increase of 8.5% in machine occupancy rate and a reduction of 27.9% regarding the costs per hour of defective products. It was created an additional motivation in the employees and very satisfying results in every production.Research Limitatio...

Natural areas have been reserved for thousands of years. However, the reasons for reservation have changed with time. Natural areas management objectives have changed from personal/individual human needs to environmental protection. Unlike old protected areas, new protected areas have multiple management objectives. The management objectives changed from protection-for-now to protection-for-the-future. It has also changed from a human benefit perspective to a philanthropic perspective. Through a historical overview, this paper argues that changes in landscape, human needs and awareness are the main driving forces behind changes in management objectives of the protected areas through time. By looking at the past and present for protected areas management aims, this paper argues that the first management aim of protected areas has led to isolating landscape of protected areas from their surrounding areas. However, through time, the aims were changed and therefore, methods of protected...

The basis of natural resource management is decision making under uncertainty while balancing competing objectives. Within fisheries management, a process described as management strategy evaluation (MSE) is becoming increasingly requested globally to develop and test management procedures. In a fisheries or other natural resource context, a management procedure is a rule that predetermines the management response given feedback from the resource and is simulation tested to be robust to multiple uncertainties. MSEs are distinguished from other risk or simulation analyses by the explicit testing of the feedback mechanism that applies decision rule-based management advice back to the simulated population or ecosystem. Stakeholder input is frequently cited as a best practice in the MSE process, since it fosters communication and facilitates buy-in to the process. Nevertheless, due to the substantial additional cost, time requirement, and necessary scientific personnel, full stakeholder MSEs remain relatively uncommon. With this communication, we provide guidance on what constitutes an MSE, when MSEs should be undertaken or where simpler approaches may suffice, and how to prioritize the degree of stakeholder participation.

Pengelolaan perikanan kepiting pada Kawasan Konservasi Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Pulau Kei Kecil dan Perairan Sekitarnya di Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Provinsi Maluku telah dilakukan. Salah satunya melalui pengembangan kelembagaan pengelola di Ohoi Evu, Kecamatan Hoat Sorbay. Inisiatif pengembangan model pengelolaan perikanan kepiting berbasis masyarakat dimulai dengan pembentukan kelompok nelayan Sinar Abadi. Kajian bertujuan menilai dinamika, status dan perkembangan kelembagaan di masyarakat dalam mendukung pengelolaan perikanan kepiting secara berkelanjutan. Dinamika kelembagaan dianalisis melalui penilaian domain kelembagaan dalam Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) dan pendekatan flag model. Status dan perkembangan kelembagaan dianalisis dengan pendekatan Institutional Development Framework (IDF). Penelitian ini menemukan dinamika kelembagaan pengelola perikanan kepiting bakau di Ohoi Evu tergolong dalam kategori sedang. Status kelembagaan cukup baik, berada pa...

The purpose of this article is to determine the factors affecting the startup intention of lecturers at the Faculty of Business Administration at the University of Economics, Ho Chi Minh City. This study is based on the theoretical basis and research method to provide research results from which to conclude the factors affecting lecturers' intention to start a business. Research methods include: Qualitative research methods find the basic content of documents, find issues related to the research topic and identify problems that need to be solved; Quantitative research methods used cognitive factors that affect entrepreneurial intention and considered the level of influence of each influencing factor related to entrepreneurial intention; In addition, the method of indepth interviews with a team of experts on creative entrepreneurship intentions for teachers is applied to develop proposals to improve entrepreneurship intentions for teachers.

Many EU Member States are using management plans to ensure the sustainable conservation and management of Natura 2000 sites. The decision about whether to use management plans lies with the Member States. Although management planning systems differ, in most countries the management plan is developed at local level in close consultation with relevant stakeholders. This article explores to what extent national decisions on the management planning system have influenced the content of the local plans. The comparison of French and Dutch Natura 2000 management plans shows that the plans mostly propose conservation measures that can be implemented by individual owners or users of the site and for which funding is available. The individual measures in the French plans reflect the national decision that the management plans should work primarily as a funding tool. The individual measures in the Dutch plans however do not reflect the national decision that management plans should act as a legislative tool to regulate land use activities in and around the site. In the Netherlands, the focus has shifted towards a tool for the coordination of funding. The analysis shows that in both countries the selection of particular measures in the management plans is connected to other policies and funding mechanisms that deal with the problems perceived by involved actors, such as the Common Agricultural Policy and the Dutch National Program for Nitrogen Deposition.

Management by Objectives (MBO) is one of the most effective performance appraisal method widely used in the organization. This study deals with the effect of Management by Objectives on performance appraisal and employee satisfaction. A self-administered questionnaire was used to judge the perception of the employees regarding MBO and its effect on their performance appraisal and employee satisfaction. The number of participants included in the survey was 60 employees from 33 commercial banks at Rajshahi Division in Bangladesh. This study aims to identify the respondent's demographic profile such as age, education, salary, and banking experience and reveals the importance of MBO on their performance appraisal and employee satisfaction. IBM SPSS v23.0 program has been used to analyze the questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and Regression analysis used to test the hypotheses. Econometric results suggest that MBO should be used as a method of performance appraisal and most of the commercial banks use Management by Objectives as an effective tool. In our correlation analysis we found performance appraisal and employee satisfaction have a significant positive relationship (r=0.715). Performance appraisal increase employee satisfaction. Employee satisfaction increase productivity and effectiveness in the organization. Proper reward mechanism increase satisfaction level of the employees.

A gestão estratégica de recursos humanos (GERH) tem como objetivo elevar o desempenho individual para alcançar as estratégias organizacionais, sendo o gestor de linha considerado, pelos estudiosos do tema, um dos mais importantes agentes na sua implementação. Por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos, realizados em três organizações de destaque nos seus setores de atividade no Brasil, o presente estudo busca identificar os fatores que facilitam ou dificultam o desempenho do papel do gestor de linha nas práticas de gestão de pessoas. Analisando-se a literatura sobre o tema, três categorias de fatores se destacam: aqueles relativos à organização; os inerentes aos indivíduos; e aos profissionais de RH. A partir disso, o resultado da pesquisa demonstra que a definição do papel do gestor de linha, a capacitação desse agente e a parceria com o profissional de RH são fatores que interferem significativamente na atuação do gestor de linha na implementação da GERH. Por outro lado, a autonomia na tomada de decisões da GERH, o estilo pessoal do gestor e a disponibilidade de tempo para atividades de gestão de pessoas são fatores que apresentam a menor influência. Os resultados da pesquisa também levaram à construção de um modelo teórico que busca compreender como ocorre o processo de implementação do papel do gestor de linha nas práticas da GERH, bem como os demais fatores relativos à organização, ao indivíduo gestor de linha e ao profissional de RH que facilitam ou dificultam esse processo. O objetivo do modelo é oferecer uma referência para futuros estudos, bem como propor orientações para organizações que intencionem implementar a GERH com forte participação do gestor de linha.

Introduction This paper proposes an alternative to evaluating management effectiveness, by accounting separately the management and governance aspects, according to whether achieving the outcome is more in control of the park or the agency. The alternative, called the Ecosystembased Management System, combines principles from ecosystem-based management and environmental management systems. It was developed from case studies from Mexico and Canada. The adaptive management review within the EBMS provides effectiveness scores for individual management objectives, components, modules, and the overall park management. The scores indicate the degree of achievement of expected outcomes for specific objectives, measured through indicators and targets. The EMBS model helps integrate the uniqueness of individual parks and track management effectiveness on the long term for individual parks and the whole system of parks. The need for more accountability in natural resources and protected areas management has led organizations, such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), to release frameworks to evaluate management effectiveness (Hockings, Stolton ,and Dudley 2000). However, countries such as Canada and Mexico do not use the framework and park agencies in countries such as Spain and Argentina are adopting ISO standards (ISO 1996, 2000) to improve management or reduce environmental impacts from operations (M. Batiste and M. Di Paola, pers. comm.; PCA 2002). Park agencies are struggling to evaluate effectiveness because of the diversity of indicators involved. Here, we present the model of an ecosystem-based management system for protected areas (EBMS) that combines principles from ecosystem-based management (EBM) and environmental management systems (EMS), approaches adopted to improve management in natural resource and business organizations, respectively (Mendoza, Quinn, and Thompson 2004). The purpose of the EBMS is to assist parks managers on the planning process and to facilitate the evaluation of management effectiveness through the integration of different types of indicators. Methods The design of the ecosystem-based management system model followed four steps: 1. Analysis of strengths and weaknesses of EBM and EMS. 2. Visits to nine case studies to identify criteria for the EBMS (below). 3. Literature and document review.

The Great Recession resulted in fiscal crises for governments across the Western world. Our article explores whether, as a result of the crisis, the relevance of performance information in organizational decision-making increased. Furthermore, we examine how centralizing shifts in governmental decision-making processes influenced the shifts in the relevance of performance information for public sector organizations. Using a survey of senior government officials in 19 European countries, we find that, in line with the predictions of rationalistic decision-making and principalagent models, the increase in the relevance of performance information in organizational decision-making was positively associated with our measures of greater centralization.

Background: There is a trend in health policy towards more focus on determinants and societal interventions and less on individuals. The Swedish public health targets are in line with this trend. The value of public health targets lies in their ability to function as a tool in governing with targets. This paper examines the possibility of the Swedish targets functioning as such a tool. Method: Document analyses were performed to examine three prerequisites of governing with targets: (1) the influence of the administration in the target setting process, (2) the explicitness of targets and (3) the follow-up system. The material consisted of the documents from the committee drafting the targets, the written opinions on the drafts, and the governmental bill with the adopted public health targets. Results: The administration influenced the target setting process. Further, the government invests in a follow-up system that makes indicators on health determinants visible. However, although there existed explicit targets earlier in the process, the final targets in the bill are not explicit enough. Conclusion: The Swedish public health targets are not explicit enough to function in governing with targets. The reasons for this were political rather than technical. This suggests that policy makers focusing health determinants should not put time and resources in technical target formulating. Instead they could make indicators visible, thereby drawing attention to trends that are political by nature.

Background: There is a trend in health policy towards more focus on determinants and societal interventions and less on individuals. The Swedish public health targets are in line with this trend. The value of public health targets lies in their ability to function as a tool in governing with targets. This paper examines the possibility of the Swedish targets functioning as such a tool. Method: Document analyses were performed to examine three prerequisites of governing with targets: (1) the influence of the administration in the target setting process, (2) the explicitness of targets and (3) the follow-up system. The material consisted of the documents from the committee drafting the targets, the written opinions on the drafts, and the governmental bill with the adopted public health targets. Results: The administration influenced the target setting process. Further, the government invests in a follow-up system that makes indicators on health determinants visible. However, although there existed explicit targets earlier in the process, the final targets in the bill are not explicit enough. Conclusion: The Swedish public health targets are not explicit enough to function in governing with targets. The reasons for this were political rather than technical. This suggests that policy makers focusing health determinants should not put time and resources in technical target formulating. Instead they could make indicators visible, thereby drawing attention to trends that are political by nature.

The research focuses on the use of laboratory experimentation in order to design an e ective MBO program for the executives of the major Italian electric utility p r o vider (Enel). A g a m e theoretical formulation of the MBO program currently adopted by Enel is given (baseline model) and laboratory experiments are implemented to test (a) how experimental subjects behave within the stylized MBO program and (b) the relative e ectiveness on subjects performance of Preliminary Draft, some references may be missing or uncorrect. Authors would like to thank Rachel Croson, Alessandro Narduzzo and Enrico Zaninotto for their helpful comments and suggestions during earlier version of this paper. Michele Lorenzini and Marco Tecilla provided unvaluable help during the development of the experimental software. Support from Enel is gratefully acknowledged.

The research focuses on the use of laboratory experimentation in order to design an e ective MBO program for the executives of the major Italian electric utility p r o vider (Enel). A g a m e theoretical formulation of the MBO program currently adopted by Enel is given (baseline model) and laboratory experiments are implemented to test (a) how experimental subjects behave within the stylized MBO program and (b) the relative e ectiveness on subjects performance of Preliminary Draft, some references may be missing or uncorrect. Authors would like to thank Rachel Croson, Alessandro Narduzzo and Enrico Zaninotto for their helpful comments and suggestions during earlier version of this paper. Michele Lorenzini and Marco Tecilla provided unvaluable help during the development of the experimental software. Support from Enel is gratefully acknowledged.

Resultados: siete de las veinte asignaturas contribuyen de manera explícita al aprendizaje para el Análisis de la Situación de Salud. Las asignaturas Introducción a la Estomatología General, Promoción de salud, Prevención en estomatología y Epidemiología en Estomatología aportan los conocimientos relacionados con el tema, Atención integral a la familia II, III y a la comunidad lo orientan, realizan, ejecutan y evalúan lo que posibilita la formación de la habilidad. Las asignaturas restantescontribuyen al conocimiento y habilidad para el diagnóstico de los problemas de salud. Conclusiones: las asignaturas de la Disciplina Estomatología Integral contribuyen al aprendizaje para la realización del Análisis de la Situación de Salud Bucal, no obstante debe perfeccionarse su concepción sistémica en la disciplina de manera que el estudiante asimile y ejercite mejor la metodología para ejecutar este tipo de proyectos de intervención comunitaria.

Thresholds and their relevance to conservation have become a major topic of discussion in the ecological literature. Unfortunately, in many cases the lack of a clear conceptual framework for thinking about thresholds may have led to confusion in attempts to apply the concept of thresholds to conservation decisions. Here, we advocate a framework for thinking about thresholds in terms of a structured decision making process. The purpose of this framework is to promote a logical and transparent process for making informed decisions for conservation. Specification of such a framework leads naturally to consideration of definitions and roles of different kinds of thresholds in the process. We distinguish among three categories of thresholds. Ecological thresholds are values of system state variables at which small changes bring about substantial changes in system dynamics. Utility thresholds are components of management objectives (determined by human values) and are values of state or performance variables at which small changes yield substantial changes in the value of the management outcome. Decision thresholds are values of system state variables at which small changes prompt changes in management actions in order to reach specified management objectives. The approach that we present focuses directly on the objectives of management, with an aim to providing decisions that are optimal with respect to those objectives. This approach clearly distinguishes the components of the decision process that are inherently subjective (management objectives, potential management actions) from those that are more objective (system models, estimates of system state). Optimization based on these components then leads to decision matrices specifying optimal actions to be taken at various values of system state variables. Values of state variables separating different actions in such matrices are viewed as decision thresholds. Utility thresholds are included in the objectives component, and ecological thresholds may be embedded in models projecting consequences of management actions. Decision thresholds are determined by the above-listed components of a structured decision process. These components may themselves vary over time, inducing variation in the decision thresholds inherited from them. These dynamic decision thresholds can then be determined using adaptive management. We provide numerical examples (that are based on patch occupancy models) of structured decision processes that include all three kinds of thresholds.

Background: There is a trend in health policy towards more focus on determinants and societal interventions and less on individuals. The Swedish public health targets are in line with this trend. The value of public health targets lies in their ability to function as a tool in governing with targets. This paper examines the possibility of the Swedish targets functioning as such a tool. Method: Document analyses were performed to examine three prerequisites of governing with targets: (1) the influence of the administration in the target setting process, (2) the explicitness of targets and (3) the follow-up system. The material consisted of the documents from the committee drafting the targets, the written opinions on the drafts, and the governmental bill with the adopted public health targets. Results: The administration influenced the target setting process. Further, the government invests in a follow-up system that makes indicators on health determinants visible. However, although there existed explicit targets earlier in the process, the final targets in the bill are not explicit enough. Conclusion: The Swedish public health targets are not explicit enough to function in governing with targets. The reasons for this were political rather than technical. This suggests that policy makers focusing health determinants should not put time and resources in technical target formulating. Instead they could make indicators visible, thereby drawing attention to trends that are political by nature.

Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização dos métodos científicos utilizados nas pesquisas sobre empreendedorismo no setor público no contexto brasileiro. Utilizou-se a Revisão Sistemática da Literatura. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados nacionais Spell e Scielo. Para realização das buscas, utilizou-se das seguintes palavras-chave em língua portuguesa: "empreendedorismo público", "empreendedorismo no setor público", intraempreendedorismo no setor público" e "empreendedorismo político". O período compreendeu entre 2009 e 2019. A busca inicial resultou em 98 artigos. A análise dos dados envolveu a leitura do título, resumo e metodologia. Após essas etapas, foram identificados 16 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão na revisão. Como resultados, identificou-se uma predominância de estudos qualitativos, a partir da pesquisa documental, entrevista, questionários, revisão de literatura e bibliográfica, observação participante e diário de campo. Conclui-se ser necessário avanços quanto a utilização dos métodos científicos em estudos sobre empreendedorismo no setor público brasileiro.

The need of Small Island Park (SIP) management at Kei Kecil Islands and improvement of fisheries management, stems from the question of whether conservation can improve fisheries management. Doubts of the benefits of conservation areas in addressing fisheries management issues, as well as poor planning, monitoring and evaluation, have the potential to create disincentives and low expectations of management. This study aims are to assess the effectiveness of SIP management, fisheries management status, and formulate an integrated model of improved management of conservation areas and fisheries. The effectiveness of conservation area management was in the red rank. For two years, these developments were relatively slow. The status of fisheries management in the medium category. The Kobe Plot analysis recommended to management by maintaining the existing strategy. Scenario to improve management through the determination of 80% of indicators are in good condition, the opportunity to ach...

Knowledge Management is interpreted through a social perspective, both in terms of the development of the concept, and in its major components. This perspective is demonstrated as an effective means of interpreting the confusion that surrounds the topic, and of exploring questions about its character, its genesis, the nature of its literature and its future development. There are also important social perspectives in the key issues of the subject itself, involving the concept of knowledge, the human and social dimensions, the role of technology, measurement, top management and the professions involved. Adaptation of the principles to other organisational and social contexts also needs consideration. Finally, the various social disciplines, in particular Information Sciences, have much to offer the field of Knowledge Management.

Occupational Health and Safety Management is an area that is concerned with ensuring the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work. Workers in paramilitary organisations in Nigeria are much more likely than their counterparts in other agencies to be exposed to poor working environments, health and environmental hazards. To this end, the need to assess the level of implementation and problems of health and safety practices in paramilitary organisations in Nigeria becomes very paramount. The major objective of this study was to the assess occupational health and safety policies and programmes in paramilitary organisations in Nigeria. The study observed that the strategic problems of occupational health and safety in these organisations are ineffective monitoring and enforcement of occupational health and safety policies and inadequate budgetary allocation. The study recommended that adequate budgetary provision should be encouraged and officers should be adequately trained ...

O Brasil vem se destacando há alguns anos como o país que mais ocorrem acidentes de trabalho em diversos setores, como indústria da produção e construção civil. Acidentes de trabalho são aqueles que ocorrem no exercício do trabalho a serviço da empresa, provocando lesão temporária ou permanente, ou até mesmo a morte. A inteligência artificial pode contribuir como uma ferramenta promissora na redução de acidentes por ser um campo de conhecimentos que pode apoiar a tomada de decisões de um modo mais simples e mais preciso do que outros métodos, como a gestão por indicadores. A lógica Fuzzy, ou lógica difusa, vem sendo usada para o processo de avaliação de riscos a fim de minimizar a ocorrência de acidentes dentro dos locais de trabalho. Ela encontra-se dentro do campo de conhecimentos da Inteligência Artificial, associada ao processo de tomada de decisões empresariais. Com o objetivo de procurar entender melhor a aplicabilidade da utilização da lógica Fuzzy no processo de avaliação e ...

Por diversos motivos como ocorrência de dores, perda de produtividade, queixas, entre outros problemas, é realizada a intervenção ergonômica do trabalho. As ações necessárias são aplicadas visando minimizar danos à saúde e ao bem estar humano, oriundos de tarefas do trabalho. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo apresentar um estudo de análise ergonômica do trabalho, desenvolvido em uma instituição de Ensino a Distância (EaD). Uma análise bibliométrica foi realizada em âmbito internacional, bem como, um estudo de caso em uma instituição no Brasil, conduzido. No estudo de caso, a análise ergonômica envolveu 31 mediadores (os profissionais que atuam na instituição EaD para comunicação entre o autor de disciplinas e estudantes, principalmente). Como resultados, as condições organizacionais do trabalho se destacaram - situadas no nível macro da ergonomia. De fato elas desempenharam maiores influencias e impactos ao grupo de trabalhadores avaliado

Cognitive biases that may affect learning by college presidents and the effects of these biases on the presidency and higher education were studied. Based on a recent study of presidential judgment under uncertainty, data were obtained on the terceptions of 252 campus chief executive officers concerning institutional leadership and quality, and the soun,es of institutional improvement and change. Presidents indicated on a 100-point scale how effective they thought the average college president was as an institutional leader. They also rated themselves *

Globally, economies and marine ecosystems are increasingly dependent on sustainable fisheries management (SFM) to balance social, economic, and conservation needs. The overarching objectives of SFM are to maximize both conservation and socioeconomic benefits, while minimizing short-term socioeconomic costs. A number of tools have been developed to achieve SFM objectives, ranging from fishery specific to ecosystem-based strategies. Closures are a common SFM tool used to balance the trade-off between socioeconomic and conservation considerations; they vary in scope from small-scale temporary closures to large-scale permanent networks. Unfortunately, closures are frequently implemented without a plan for monitoring or assessing whether SFM objectives are met. In situations in which a monitoring plan is not in place we propose that commonly available fishery data can often be used to evaluate whether management tools are effective in meeting SFM objectives. Here, we present a case study of closures on Georges Bank that shows how fishery data can be analyzed to perform such an assessment. Since 2006, on the Canadian side of Georges Bank, seasonal scallop fishery closures have been implemented with the aim of reducing by-catch of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and yellowtail flounder (Pleuronectes ferruginea) during spawning. In lieu of data from a dedicated monitoring program, we analyzed data from Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS), fishery logbooks, and a scallop survey to assess the impact of these closures on the scallop fishery, and use observer data (i.e. by-catch) to assess the effectiveness of these closures in meeting their conservation objective. While compliance for these time-area closures was high, the closures did not significantly displace fishing activity and overall there was limited evidence of an impact on the scallop fishery. Further, the discard rates for both cod and yellowtail were above average when their respective closures were active. These results suggest that improvements to the closures design and/or other measures may be required to achieve the desired SFM objectives.

The main objective of the paper is developing a documentary study of the main corporate strategic instruments used to define and delimit corporate business domains and strategic business units, and also regarding the establishment of objectives and budgets on business domains and on strategic business units. Corporate management includes in its overall methodology a series of specific instruments that are subject of strategic management. They are the result of the evolution of the management concept and have as a main element the strategy, which is rightly considered as an essential element of modern management. The incorporation of marketing in the organization's activities also refers to the change of the content of these instruments, in order that they ensure the market orientation of the whole organization. Among the tools used at corporate level are distinguished the ones regarding the identification of strategic business units as a core element of strategic marketing planning.

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Structured decision making is a systematic, transparent process for improving the quality of complex decisions by identifying measurable management objectives and feasible management actions; predicting the potential consequences of management actions relative to the stated objectives; and selecting a course of action that maximizes the total benefit achieved and balances tradeoffs among objectives. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, applied an existing, regional framework for structured decision making to develop a prototype tool for optimizing tidal marsh management decisions at the Long Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex in New York. Refuge biologists, refuge managers, and research scientists identified multiple potential management actions to improve the ecological integrity of five marsh management units within the refuge complex and estimated the outcomes of each action in terms of performance metrics associated with each management objective. Value functions previously developed at the regional level were used to transform metric scores to a common utility scale, and utilities were summed to produce a single score representing the total management benefit that could be accrued from each potential management action. Constrained optimization was used to identify the set of management actions, one per marsh management unit, that could maximize total management benefits at different cost constraints at the refuge-complex scale. Results indicated that, for the objectives and actions considered here, total management benefits may increase consistently up to about $24,000, but that further expenditures may yield diminishing return on investment. Potential management actions in optimal portfolios at total costs less than $24,000 consistently included approaches for increasing drainage from the marsh surface within the marsh management units. The potential management benefits were derived from expected improvements in surface-water drainage and capacity for marsh elevation to keep pace with sea-level rise, and presumed increases in numbers of spiders (as an indicator of trophic health) and tidal marsh obligate birds. The prototype presented here does not resolve management decisions; rather, it provides a framework for decision making at the Long Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex that can be updated as new data and information become available. Insights from this process may also be useful to inform future habitat management planning at the refuges.

Structured decision making is a systematic, transparent process for improving the quality of complex decisions by identifying measurable management objectives and feasible management actions; predicting the potential consequences of management actions relative to the stated objectives; and selecting a course of action that maximizes the total benefit achieved and balances tradeoffs among objectives. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, applied an existing, regional framework for structured decision making to develop a prototype tool for optimizing tidal marsh management decisions at the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge in New Jersey. Refuge biologists, refuge managers, and research scientists identified multiple potential management actions to improve the ecological integrity of 23 marsh management units within the refuge and estimated the outcomes of each action in terms of performance metrics associated with each management objective. Value functions previously developed at the regional level were used to transform metric scores to a common utility scale, and utilities were summed to produce a single score representing the total management benefit that could be accrued from each potential management action. Constrained optimization was used to identify the set of management actions, one per marsh management unit, that could maximize total management benefits at different cost constraints at the refuge scale. Results indicated that, for the objectives and actions considered here, total management benefits may increase consistently up to about $980,000, but that further expenditures may yield diminishing return on investment. Potential management actions in optimal portfolios at total costs less than $980,000 included applying sediment to the marsh surface to increase elevation in five marsh management units, digging runnels on the marsh surface to improve drainage in five marsh 1 U.S. Geological Survey.