Psychodynamics of work and organisations

This thesis uses the psychodinamics of work approach to think the relations between health and work and the implications of the relation between organization of the work, management and worker, involving the intersubjectivity concept. It is considered that the intersubjectivity can be researched, despite in indirect way, by instruments of evaluation that uses empirical categories, based theoretically on critical and clinical boardings as the psychodinamics of work and psychoanalyze. The objective of the study is the elaboration of a Protocol of Psychosocial Risks at Work's Evaluation (PPRWE) that involves the investigation of diverse dimensions that involve the relation worker-organization of work: prescript organization of work; management styles; pathogenic suffering; and psychosocial risks. For such, a new structure for the following research instruments was elaborated: Scale of Evaluation of the Context of Work; Scale of Styles of Organizational Functioning; Inventory of Risks of Pathogenic Suffering at Work; e Scale of Evaluation of Damages Related to Work, with the aim to line up such scales to the concepts argued for the psychodinamics of work theory. The Protocol of Psychosocial Risks at Work's Evaluation (PPRWE) is composed by four scales: Prescript Organization of Work Scale; Styles of Management Scale; Risks of Pathogenic Suffering at Work Scale; and Psychosocial Damages at Work Scale. It is highlighted that an investigation of the relation subject-work-health must consider the analysis and characterization of the organization of the work. It is in intersubjective process of the interaction between the workers and the organization of the work that psychic significations and social constructions are produced. This dynamic aspect is determinative, then, to understand the adopted style of management, to the shared ways to feel and to act of the workers, the resulting experiences of suffering of the interaction of the subjects with the work and the possibilities of resignification of these experiences. Understanding the Organization of the Work as the antecedent variable and the starting point of the investigations on health in the work, and the psychosocial damages as the ending result of the described dynamics in the theoretical and empiricist models, it's mainly of the results of the Style of Management Scale and Risks of Pathogenic Suffering at Work Scale that the intersubjectivity could be analysed, mainly because the two scales are about the perceptions lived deeply and shared by the workers in their work's context.

This article explores, through a case study, the impact of a how a leader takes up his role in the organisation, its relevance to the particular stage in the organisational life cycle, and the ability or readiness of the leader to adapt his leadership style to suit the changing needs of the organisation. The hypothesis, developed through a collaborative action research project, is that a certain style of leadership, bordering on the heroic and narcissistic, can be desirable in the short-term in order to develop a strong culture in an organisation; that this style of leadership will be likely to encourage a basic assumption of dependence (Bion 1961); and that a change to a more distributed style of leadership (Shapiro 2000) without losing touch with the leader's authenticity, must follow as the organisation matures and grows in response to pressures from the larger systems in which it operates.

[AMAZON LINK BELOW TO BOOK ITSELF -- TOC and book intro in downloadable .pdf] 

"It is a common experience that a problem difficult at night is resolved in the morning after the committee of sleep has worked on it." --John Steinbeck Scientific research confirms what people have always known: answers, ideas, and inspiration do come to us in dreams. Harvard psychologist and world-renowned dream specialist Deirdre Barrett, Ph.D., offers this rich collection of examples of how the world's most creative practitioners in art, music, film, science, literature and other fields have used the revelations of their dream life to inform their work. Dr. Barrett offers insights showing us how to encourage lucid, meaningful dreaming, and how to apply the meanings of our dreams to solving problems--from the everyday to the extraordinary. This is the stuff dreams are made of. In the visual arts, Jasper Johns couldn't find his unique artistic vision until he dreamed it in the form of a large American flag. Salvador Dali and his colleagues built the startling new genre of surrealism out of dreams. Kubla Kahn dreamed the design for his stately pleasure dome; thousands of years later, Lucy Davis, chief architect at a major firm, continues the tradition of dreaming designs into life in her extraordinary buildings. Film is a fertile avenue for dreams: "Twice I have transferred dreams to film exactly as I had dreamed them," confides director Ingmar Bergman, as have Federico Fellini, Orson Welles, Akira Kurosawa, Robert Altman, and John Sayles. From Mary Shelley's terrible nightmare, which became Frankenstein, to Stephen King's haunting dream as a little boy, which led to his first bestseller, countless writers have consulted the Committee. Musicians from Beethoven to Billy Joel and Paul McCartney have whistled the Committee's tunes. In science, physiologist Otto Loewi dreamed the medical experiment that earned him the Nobel Prize. In sports, Marion Jones dreamed she'd broken a world record, then brought the dream to life. Gandhi translated his dream of resistance into a movement that changed the world. Since Freud, we take it for granted that our dreams reflect our past. In The Committee of Sleep, Barrett reveals how dreams can also tell us about our future potential--and how to reach it.

This paper will use a psychodynamic lens to examine the policies of current and past Australian governments on the treatment of asylum seekers who have reached, and attempted to reach, Australia by boat.

The paper contends that the failure of Australians past and present to adaptively solve the social problems arising from our colonial past - namely the illegal arrival of the First Fleet on the shores of Botany Bay, the British assertion of terra nullius, and the subsequent stolen generation has created an intertwined chosen glory/trauma which has enmeshed itself in the unconscious large group identity of Australians. 

The paper references the work of Volkan, who has written extensively on the topic of unconscious chosen glory and trauma, to examine the high level of fear held by Australians at the prospect of asylum seekers arriving on Australia’s shores by boat. In doing so, it makes the connection between these fears and the morally challenging policies pursued by the Australian government, with the strong mandate of the Australian people, to deter would-be asylum seekers.

The paper is written in two parts – the first examines how, from an Indigenous Australian perspective, the arrival of the First Fleet has become a chosen trauma that has been transmitted through generations. It also examines how the same historical event is celebrated by the majority of Australians as a celebration of a chosen glory.  This event, the paper contends, represents a melting pot of unconscious, unprocessed emotions of guilt, anger, oppression and mourning for all Australians and that the symbol of the boat arriving on the shores of Botany Bay has come to be an object of fear (especially fear of what might happen if the boat is not stopped). The image of the boat, therefore, triggers an unconscious terror that the oppressor may suddenly become the oppressed - that our connection to country, culture, language and shared memory may be irrevocably lost at the hands of whoever arrives on our shores by boat.  

The second part of the paper argues that this fear of the boat has given rise to some of the most draconian asylum seeker policies developed by a western government in modern times. It draws a conclusion that these policies arise as a result of our collective failure to adaptively resolve the social problems arising from the arrival of the First Fleet.

Vocational guidance and counseling and vocational choice in particular becomes a topical research problem, due to the increased youth unemployment's levels in the last few decades on the one hand, and on the other – dropping out of school, apathy and lack of vision and motivation for professional development among adolescents. All these are challenges facing not only the labor market but also the educational system and counseling practice. Typically the vocational counseling practice is dominated by the cognitive behavioural approaches, and mostly refers to processes such as skills training, testing and certain steps and phases on choosing a career. However, the psychoanalytic conception provides research framework based on the unconscious mechanisms and motivation for career choice; manifested desires (depth of the choice) and the process of self-determination and self-awareness. Within the psychoanalytic understanding of behavior the postulate on psychic determinism is basic. Thus, the vocational choice is seen as sublimated unconscious mental processes. Although criticized since its inception for its lack of predictive value and empirical verification, the psychoanalytic understanding makes a significant contribution to the theories of career development. Numerous scholars and researchers developed the psychoanalytic conceptions of career choice investigating the impact of unconscious needs, motives, conflicts, defense mechanisms on the vocational choice (e.g. Roe (1957) suggested in her personality theory of career choice that the early child experiences and emotional patterns of parenting highly influences the later vocational choice; A. Brill (1949) studied the vocational choice towards the principles of satisfaction and reality; Sommers (1956) illustrated the impact of identification on vocational choice; Bordin, Nachmann and Segal (1963) proposed a framework for vocational development based on psychic dimensions and body zones; Galinsky and Fast (1966) reflected on the identity problems of young people and difficulties they are facing in vocational decision-making and vocational indecision, etc.) Difficulties in a research based on this approach are linked to the necessity of tracking and further, additional reflections on cases being handled, more time (longitudinal research), and invention of professional model that combines the psychoanalytical approach with other concepts of career development (e.g., Super 1953, 1963; Ginzberg, 1952). The aim of the paper is to outline a similar integrative theoretical model, which to be tested within vocational guidance process with adolescents with antisocial behavior.

Il n'existe pas beaucoup de connaissances concernant le parcours professionnel des femmes noires diplômées et l'approche de la psychodynamique du travail permet de construire des connaissances sur leur vécu de la discrimination dans le travail. Pour cela, leur discours a été recueilli, avec pour objectif de les aider à améliorer leur recherche d'emploi et leur parcours professionnel. Mieux comprendre les processus de discrimination tels qu'ils sont vécus et les rendre visibles

Supporting IAPT is often storied as simple common sense. How, after all, could one oppose a programme that has offered previously unavailable therapy to thousands? The assumption is that IAPT has revealed a hitherto unrecognised ‘ill’ substrata of the population.  I argue that IAPT has in fact contributed to producing it’s market through creating an ‘ideal image’ of a happy, content person in relation to which we perceive ourselves as lacking, generating anguish which is subsequently labelled as mood disorder. IAPT therapies - from CBT to DIT - work on moulding the patient to this ‘Ideal Image’ of a subject who has excised their symptoms. Such a focus turns away from not only the particularities of an individual’s suffering but the possibility that their anguish has bubbled up elsewhere. In evaluating the effectiveness of IAPT by simply examining how closely patients come to meet the Ideal through outcome measures, we disavow the suffering which returns in phenomenon such as increased referrals to secondary care and the high burnout rate of IAPT stuff. This chapter will give case examples of how the ‘good’ of IAPT produced ‘bad’ elsewhere in one of the two boroughs where IAPT was first piloted. The chapter concludes by looking at the dynamic processes which made it difficult for commissioners and managers to recognise both the complex psychological effects of IAPT and its negative impact.

Neke ključne stvari koje treba znati o emocijama-a koje mogu bitno zakomplikovati život na poslu Za četiri decenije rada sa ljudima uvideo sam da se najmanje 50% "težine posla" i stresa na poslu dešavaju ne zbog opterećenja koje stvara sam posao, već zbog emocionalnih reakcija vezanih za međuljudske odnose i zbog načina na koje ljudi opažaju druge i obrađuju svoje emocije. Zamislite, postoji mogućnost da vam posao isti posao bude duplo lakši, ako naučite kako da se nosite sa svojim emocijama i odnosima sa drugim ljudima na poslu.-Snažne, burne emocije su najčešće posledica neadekvatne percepcije stvarnosti. One iskrivljuju sliku realnosti i ne treba im verovati. Dobro je uzdržati se od bilo kakvih ozbiljnijih odluka i reakcija kada smo pod uticajem snažnih i burnih emocija, sačekati da se slegnu, obraditi ih mentalno, i tek onda donositi odluke.-Emocije se, uglavnom nesvesno, mogu prenositi sa jedne osobe na drugu.

Je cherche à construire des connaissances sur le parcours professionnel des femmes noires diplômées et leur vécu de la discrimination dans le travail. J'ai commencé à m’intéresser à cette question en 2007. Ce mémoire de M2 Recherche  s’inscrit dans le domaine de la psychodynamique du travail et constitue les prémisses de mon travail sur le point de vue situé et l'intersectionnalité. J’ai recueilli le discours de dix femmes noires diplômées sur leur parcours et leur vécu. L’objectif était de mettre en visibilité les processus de discrimination tels qu’elles les vivent. Cela, afin de leur donner des outils pour mieux se comprendre elles-mêmes, s’orienter de façon plus efficace, vivre les transitions professionnelles et améliorer leur recherche d’emploi et leur vie professionnelle. Ce sujet de recherche est à l’intersection de plusieurs disciplines et de plusieurs problématiques. En rapprochant certains outils théoriques de la Psychodynamique du Travail de la question de la couleur de peau, je me situe dans la lignée des travaux sur le racisme et le travail. Mais j’utilise aussi d’autres conceptualisations et une autre méthodologie.
C'est cette première recherche et les fortes attentes des participantes de ce terrain qui m'a conduite à démarrer une thèse de doctorat...

From John Maynard Keynes’s prediction of a fifteen-hour workweek to present-day speculation about automation, we have not stopped forecasting the end of work. Critical theory and political philosophy have turned their attention away from the workplace to focus on other realms of domination and emancipation. But far from coming to an end, work continues to occupy a central place in our lives. This is not only because of the amount of time people spend on the job. Many of our deepest hopes and fears are bound up in our labor—what jobs we perform, how we relate to others, how we might flourish.

The Return of Work in Critical Theory presents a bold new account of the human significance of work and the human costs of contemporary forms of work organization. A collaboration among experts in philosophy, social theory, and clinical psychology, it brings together empirical research with incisive analysis of the political stakes of contemporary work. The Return of Work in Critical Theory begins by looking in detail at the ways in which work today fails to meet our expectations. It then sketches a phenomenological description of work and examines the normative premises that underlie the experience of work. Finally, it puts forward a novel conception of work that can renew critical theory’s engagement with work and point toward possibilities for transformation. Inspired by Max Horkheimer’s vision of critical theory as empirically informed reflection on the sources of social suffering with emancipatory intent, The Return of Work in Critical Theory is a lucid diagnosis of the malaise and pathologies of contemporary work that proposes powerful remedies.

With reference to your reading this year, explain what you understand by the psychoanalytic term the Unconscious. Illustrate and evaluate this, demonstrating your understanding of it with reference to a well-known piece of literature (a novel, play or a fairy tale), a film, a work of art or television programme.

En este trabajo se intentan pensar algunas conexiones teóricas que podrían establecerse entre la teoría del trabajo de Chiristophe Dejours y la teoría del reconocimiento de Axel Honneth, en particular con la forma de reconocimiento existencial que este autor ha introducido a partir de su trabajo editado en español bajo el título “reificación”. Se discuten las formas articulación entre valoración social y reconocimiento existencial con la noción de trabajo vivo de Dejours, y se plantea la posibilidad de concebir, en una forma negativa de reconocimiento, las defensas colectivas que apunta Dejours como formas de reificación.

On Hyvän toveruuden kilvan juhlavuosi! Jo kuuden vuosikymmenen ajan oppilaat ovat saaneet äänestää keskuudestaan luokkatoverin, joka on ansainnut Hymypoikatai Hymytyttö-veistoksen. Palkinnon saaja on saanut luokkatovereiltaan ainutlaatuisen tunnustuksen ja muiston.

Workplace mobbing is a global phenomenon with a complex and multicausal nature. This concept refers to violent behaviors which aim to humiliate, exclude and cause psychological damage to an individual or group in the work environment. Since workplace mobbing may cause or exacerbate several psychological disorders, it must be addressed by psychological interventions. In light of these concerns, the aim of this article was to investigate whether psychologists in organizational settings address the issue of mobbing, and describe the interventions implemented in this type of situation. We also sought to investigate their understanding of the concept of mobbing in the workplace. This was a qualitative exploratory study involving seven psychologists recruited by convenience. Participants were interviewed, and data were processed by content analysis. Our fi ndings showed that psychologists make use of specifi c and isolated preventive interventions, as well as reactive interventions, such as maintaining a physical distance between the parties involved in mobbing and monitoring the behavior of the offender. It was also observed that psychologists adequately understand bullying as a phenomenon characterized by humiliation, which is often perpetrated by managers, as a form of abuse of power. Intervenções Psicológicas diante do Assédio Moral no Trabalho Resumo O assédio moral é um fenômeno mundial, complexo e multicausal. Refere-se a comportamentos violentos que visam humilhar, rechaçar e demolir psiquicamente o indivíduo ou grupo assediado, no contexto do trabalho. Devido ao seu potencial para causar sofrimento psíquico e adoecimento no trabalho, pode exigir intervenções psicológicas. Nesta perspectiva, o artigo objetiva identifi car se os Psicólogos,

This paper will use a psychodynamic lens to examine the policies of current and past Australian governments on the treatment of asylum seekers who have reached, and attempted to reach, Australia by boat. The paper contends that the failure of Australians past and present to adaptively solve the social problems arising from our colonial past - namely the illegal arrival of the First Fleet on the shores of Botany Bay, the British assertion of terra nullius, and the subsequent Stolen Generations has created an intertwined chosen glory/trauma which has enmeshed itself in the unconscious large group identity of Australians.

Ergologia e Broadcasting: análise do trabalho de manutenção e suporte em televisão

Ergología y Radiodifusión: análisis del trabajo de mantenimiento y soporte en televisión

Ergologie et Broadcasting: analyse des travaux de maintenance et support à la télévision

Ergology and Broadcasting: analysis of the maintenance and support work on television


Broadcasting  refers,  in  general  terms,  to  the  production  and  transmission  of  journalistic,educational and entertainment content in mass media. In this scenario, the work in Maintenanceand Support (M&S), for the systems that support and compose the entire structure in broadcast,is  one  of  the  most  complex,  which  raised  the  objective  of  analyzing  the  activity  of  thesemaintenance  workers,  responsible  for  the  production  support  and  broadcast  transmission  in Brazil. Based on an ergological and Bakhtinian perspective, the methodological format of semi-structured  interviews  allowed  the  recording  and  analysis  of  the  speeches  of  the  workersthemselves, using a virtual room. The survey results showed a work activity riddled with labordisputes between teams and permanent pressure for full availability and immediate results.

Несмотря на повышение внимания экономической и управленческой теории к теме эмоций и влияния эмоций на поведение индивида в организации и экономике в це-лом, роль эмоций как фактора, вмешивающегося в рациональность, остается ско-рее недооцененной, а попытки вписать эмоции в парадигму управления сводятся к желанию контроля, управления и устранения и, в целом, минимизации «человече-ского фактора». Данная статья рассматривает ключевые концепции психодинамического подхода к пониманию организационной действительности, где организация представля-ется психосоциальной системой. В рамках такого подхода проясняются и обрета-ют смысл и значение иррациональные феномены в динамике организационного по-ведения, которые не могут быть иначе расшифрованы и изменены. Организации как психосоциальные системы неизбежно провоцируют тревогу у чле-нов организации, но одновременно и предлагают способы справиться с ней (орга-низационные защитные механизмы), которые часто институализируются в фор-ме организационной структуры, норм и практик, и культуры. Таким образом, эти ключевые переменные управленческих усилий предстают не только как объекты управления, но и как симптомы организации как эмоциональной системы. Без рас-шифровки значения этих симптомов их действенное и эффективное изменение за-трудняется и принимает форму одинарной петли обучения. Рефлексивная способ-ность руководителя и организации становится ключевым фактором для организа-ционного развития в формате двойной и тройной петли обучения.

How did the French Revolution change ordinary lives? "Bureaucrats and Bourgeois Society" asks this question in relation to office clerks working in Parisian administrations. Under new masters, these clerks faced radical changes to work practices as reforming politicians looked to implement new 'administrative science'. Many also faced the loss of family inheritances, as positions no longer passed down from father to son. Clerks were now expected to make their career as individuals. In practice, this meant increased job insecurity.  Administrators lived under the threat of regular cuts in pay and of personnel. In this situation, some believed that the way to get ahead was by playing office politics. In the early nineteenth century, however, clerks mitigated their situation by modifying occupational practices. Inside the offices, they settled new modes of judging individual merit. Outside, they accumulated other forms of individual credit, in the process helping to define nineteenth-century bourgeois social capital, ideals of emulation, honor, and masculinity.  Job insecurity, however, continued to set 'bureaucrats' apart from the bourgeoisie and their social identity came under question during the July Monarchy and 1848 Revolution.

Psychoanalysis has both been enriched and suffered from an increasing diversity of theory since its Freudian inception over a century ago. This paper starts to think about the problem of how much of that diversity is useful, and how much might be obfuscating a universal commonality, due to the competitiveness of what Ardrey (1966) – half a century ago – called The Territorial Imperative.

Clinical and literary examples from Othello and The Comfort of Strangers are used to look at the unconscious spoiling of the enjoyment of mutual giving and receiving - of generosity - in intimate relationships - commencing with the earliest experience in the mother-infant feeding relationship.

L'ambition de cet article est d'éclairer le quotidien professionnel de cadres équipés en TIC: nous y interrogeons particulièrement le lien entre santé au travail et pratiques des artefacts communicants. À partir d'un double regard, à la fois psychodynamique et communicationnel, nous étayons le vécu d'expérience de 62 cadres à partir de dimensions salutogéniques (développement des compétences, besoins fondamentaux au travail: autonomie, efficacité, relations sociales) et pathogéniques (l'usage technique comme médiateur de risques psychosociaux). Les résultats présentés dans le corps de l'article sont issus d'une étude qualitative longitudinale, constituante d'une recherche doctorale (Felio, 2013).

Mots-clés TIC, psychodynamique du travail, risques psychosociaux, salutogénèse, approche biographique

Rezumat Scopul acestui articol este de a evidenția activitatea zilnică a directorilor dotați cu TIC: în special, examinăm relația dintre sănătatea muncii și practica artefactelor de comunicare. Dintr-o perspectivă duală, atât psihodinamică (Dejours, 1988; Molinier & Flottes, 2012), cât și comunicatională (Cordelier et al , 2011; Cherba & Vásquez, 2012), dezvoltăm experiența unui eșantion de 62 de directori pe dimensiunile salutogenice (dezvoltarea abilităților, nevoile fundamentale ale muncii: autonomia, eficiența muncii, relațiile sociale) și patogenice (utilizarea tehnicii ca mediator al riscurilor psihosociale la locul de muncă). Rezultatele prezentate în cadrul articolului provin dintr-un studiu calitativ longitudinal, care este parte a unei cercetări doctorale (Felio, 2013).

Cuvinte-cheie TIC, psihodinamică, riscuri psihosociale la locul de muncă, salutogeneză, abordare biografică

Abstract The aim of this article is to highlight the daily work of executives equipped with ICT: especially, we interrogate the relationship between health at work and practices of communicating artifacts. From a complementary perspective, both psychodynamic (Dejours, 1988; Molinier & Flottes, 2012) and communicative (Cordelier et al, 2011; Cherba & Vásquez, 2012), we develop the experience of a sample of 62 executives from salutogenic dimensions (skills development, basic needs-autonomy work efficiency, social relations) and pathogenic dimensions (the technical use as a mediator of psychosocial risks at work). The results presented in the body of the article are from a longitudinal qualitative study which is a component of a doctoral research (Felio, 2013).

Explores Melanie Klein's ideas re the child's acquisition of emotional knowledge, and how we get to know other people. Thomas Hardy's "The Woodlanders"  is used to illustrate the different ways that we gain emotional knowledge of others, or destroy opportunities to do so.
Hardy's term: "watchful lovingkindness" - although hardly a technical phrase - is equated with a state of mind primed to take in new knowledge of others, at the deepest level. Therefore, Wilfred Bion's separation of Curiosity (K) from Love (L) is disputed.
William Blake discovered that the two must go hand in hand if we are to be truly receptive to new knowledge of the "other".

Celovitost objekta smo nazvali "lepak psihe". To je sposobnost koja nas čini sposobnim da opažamo kompleksnost ljudi, pojava, sebe, i procesa rada. Da taj proces doživimo kao celinu. Nesposobnost održavanja celovitosti objekta dovodi do aktiviranja mehanizma cepanja i fragmentacije doživljaja na parcijalne objekte i parcijalne doživljaje. Fragmentacija dovodi do različitih manifestacija koji u velikoj meri oštećuju kapacitet za rad ili rad čine nemogućim.

Increasing amount of work is performed today in geographically dispersed team settings that transcend the boundaries of time, space, culture, and territory. An in-depth comprehension of the complexities involved in leading and managing these communities of practice could not be greater. Any group of individuals meeting together for a common, well-defined purpose over a certain period of time, can be loosely defined as a "community of practice" (CoP); however, when the work is primarily carried out in cyberspace using computer mediated communication (CMC) and its attendant tools and accessories, we generally refer to such communities as "virtual communities of practice" (VCoPs). While the extant literature on networking technologies reveals a lot of research already conducted on the technographic profile, virtual experiences of community members, and the impact of technology on communication, it is relatively mute when it comes to an understanding of the emotional experiences of leading and managing VCoPs. This paper explores the various aspects of leading, facilitating, learning, and participating in virtual or asynchronous platforms with a special emphasis on the intersection of "virtuality" and "emotion."

The theme of this essay is how to engage with unconscious dynamics in our analysis of institutions. The essay clarifies the ways in which the unconscious influences institutional structures and organizational practices, and this is the main theoretical contribution to organization studies. A conceptual framework is presented that can help scholars of organizations and institutions to deepen analysis and understanding of how peoples' organizational lives can be shaped by dynamics that are beyond reason; as well as how such dynamics are embedded in social structures. The terms unconscious and institution are aligned to illustrate a new concept, 'institutional illogics'. This refers to the structuring and unsettling effects of unconscious dynamics, particularly social defenses and shared fantasies, on organizations and institutions. Examples from published, empirical papers are used to illustrate the value of the framework. The concept of illogics is intended to encourage balance alongside the influence of logics on institutional analysis.

The literature on the lived experience of being female or male is as copious as it is diverse. There are different theoretical frameworks that offer varying theoretical accounts or understandings of masculinity and femininity. When one explores the theoretical frameworks' philosophical and conceptual underpinning for understanding subjectivity and sociality, one encounters a particular transition in the literature. The transition can be represented schematically by contrasting two theoretical dimensions, the first being the sex role theoretical framework and sex differences psychometric approach. The second comprises constructivist accounts, which include social constructionist approaches and Judith

This article explores, through a case study, the impact of a how a leader takes up his role in the organisation, its relevance to the particular stage in the organisational life cycle, and the ability or readiness of the leader to adapt his leadership style to suit the changing needs of the organisation. The hypothesis, developed through a collaborative action research project, is that a certain style of leadership, bordering on the heroic and narcissistic, can be desirable in the short-term in order to develop a strong culture in an organisation; that this style of leadership will be likely to encourage a basic assumption of dependence (Bion 1961); and that a change to a more distributed style of leadership (Shapiro 2000) without losing touch with the leader's authenticity, must follow as the organisation matures and grows in response to pressures from the larger systems in which it operates.

Abstract shown in the journal article.

Please note that "the frame problem" is a general challenge in AI/robotics as well as in computational neurobiology. Broadly speaking, as a robot drives outside of a familiar space, like a classroom, into a very different space, like a school hallway, it often becomes lost --- all the visual, auditory, tactile, etc. landmarks are gone. This obviously applies to simulated spaces as well a real-world spaces. Global Workspace Theory (Baars, 1988) proposed a set of Dominant Context Hierarchies to change the implicit working framework for the robot or moving animal. Such changes in Dominant Frames are  triggered by brief conscious events in the human brain. The function of the conscious event is to broadcast the new context to cortex and linked structures, thereby triggering adaptive and updating processes, such as known to exist in hippocampus, for example.