Schoolchildren

Introduction: Vision helps to perceive details of surroundings and regarded as the most important tool for learning for schoolchildren. World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized vision screening in schools to decrease the burden of visual impairment (VI) in children. Any change in vision can be identified by schoolteachers when a child has difficulty in seeing the black board and reading books. Aim: This study is aimed to see if visual screening training to schoolteachers can effectively be used to detect VI in children. Material & Methods: Visual screening of 1134 eyes of 567 students was done by both the investigator and school teachers and results were formulated and compared. There was no difference in result in 66.31 % eyes. Investigator recorded better visual acuity (VA)+ with a 1-line difference in 14.55% eyes and two lines difference 3.35% eyes. Whereas, teachers recorded one-line better VA in 12.79% eyes and two lines better VA in 3% eyes. Result: Out of 578 students from the three different schools of Allahabad district, from class 3 to 6, majority (267) belonged to school 3, whereas school 1 had the least (142) number of students. Conclusion: The present study has identified the role of teachers as visual screeners in schools. The procedure is cost effective and require only visual screening training to the schoolteachers, so they can be used effectively for early detection of reduced vision in schoolchildren.

The prevalence and magnitude of childhood obesity are increasing in the world. There is some studies which indicate that fatty acids can reduce body fat in childrens; however, data are relatively few and have generally been conducted over short time periods with small sample sizes, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Therefore, in this study the effects exerted by the omega-3 fatty acids on the concentration of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and body mass index in obese children were evaluated using two experimental designs; In the first stage, a dietary intake of fish was administered to obese children: In the second stage, a dietary intake of gummies with omega-3 fatty acids was used on obese children. The results showed that dietary intake of gummies with omega-3 fatty acids induces greater changes in the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and body mass index compared with the dietary intake of fish. In conclusion, all these data suggest that dietary intakes of omega-3 fatty acids can decrease the degree of obesity in obese children.

The significant social stratification of society in modern Russia affects all spheres of society, including education. The secondary school setting is taking various measures to address this problem, but not always successfully. In this situation, the phenomenon of bullying has become widespread. The purpose of this study is to identify the teacher’s ability to prevent school bullying caused by social inequality. The main research methods were the questionnaire conducted among schoolchildren of Smolensk (n=89) by using a modified version of the questionnaire by D. Olweus, and an interview with school teachers (n=28) which revealed that most of them did not react to bullying among students and the measures taken were a formal character. The article shows the connection between school bullying and social inequality, as well as the role of the teacher in its prevention. The study found that students from low-income families are much more likely to suffer from school bullying than their...

This study adds significantly to what is known about Gallaudet University and issues related to race and education. It reviews the history of African American deaf students in the precollege programs on Kendall Green and then focuses specifically on attempts by black parents Louise and Luther Miller to enroll their deaf son, Kenneth, in Kendall School. After several years of frustration with Gallaudet’s administrators and with the Washington, D.C., Board of Education, in 1952 the Millers triumphed. In a decision known as Miller v. D.C. Board of Education, the U.S. District court ruled that Kendall School had to accept black students from the District of Columbia. Kendall School responded by creating separate facilities, called Division II, for African American deaf students, actively resisting integration until the Supreme Court’s 1954 decision in Brown vs. Board of Education. Jowers-Barber concludes that Gallaudet, although a unique national institution, funded largely by the federal government to serve all deaf Americans, nevertheless followed the trends of the time and did not challenge prevailing racial policies.

Rationale
Global human rights legislation protects all people against discrimination and violence in education, irrespective of sex, sexual orientation or gender identity and expression. Homophobic and transphobic violence in schools has been framed by officials as the basis of an international public health crises. UNESCO has particularly targeted homophobic and transphobic bullying in schools in recent years, supporting global and Asia-Pacific research, advocacy and programming. Viet Nam has committed to global and Asia-Pacific efforts to lessen gender-based violence. This includes sexual orientation, gender identity and expression (SOGIE)-related violence in schools.

Conceptual Framework
SOGIE diversity has been strongly established in the histories of many nations. Recognition of diverse gender expressions has been perhaps more prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region with Samoa’s ‘fa’afafines’ and Thailand’s ‘kathoey’ afforded particular cultural and social roles. Many Asian nations only became less tolerant of diverse SOGIE in their populations after Western influences in the 1800s. SOGIE-related school violence, also called homophobic and transphobic violence, is based on gender stereotypes, roles and norms. It can include verbal, psychosocial, physical and sexual violence.

Literature Review
While diverse legal and cultural contexts around SOGIE have likely impacted data collection on SOGIE-related school violence in Asia-Pacific, research suggests it is highly prevalent. Research shows SOGIE-related school violence – more frequent in schools without policy protection for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (abbreviated to LGBT in this report as in the broader literature) students – has negative impacts on students’ education and wellbeing. The literature review highlighted some noteworthy work in countries including Australia, China, Japan, New Zealand, Republic of Korea and Thailand, among others. The literature review also underscored a gap in the research and emphasised a strong need for national research on the extent, nature, impacts and supports around SOGIE-related school violence in Viet Nam.

Methodology
Research was conducted on the nature and extent of SOGIE-related school violence in schools in North, Central and South Viet Nam as part of a wider study on school-related gender-based violence. Issues of consent and privacy for participants were carefully considered. Stakeholders were enabled to freely discuss the sensitive topic of SOGIE-related school violence due to the support of Ministry of Education and Training (MOET). The research was aided by a range of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (abbreviated to LGBT in this report as in the broader literature) community organizations, departmental and school contacts, and local and international research experts. The study applied an emancipatory methodology aiming to achieve social justice goals. Mixed methods of in-person and online surveys, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were used to collect data from four distinct groups of participants. These included a general sampling of school students, LGBT students, school staff (including administrators and teachers) and parents.

Findings
Evidence from the 3,698 survey participants, 280 Focus-Group Discussion (FGD) participants and 85 In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) with students (including LGBT students), school staff and parents showed many school stakeholders were influenced by constructions of LGBT people as diseased or problematic. LGBT students presented stronger awareness of SOGIE-related school violence than other groups, most particularly verbal violence and its negative long-term effects. SOGIE-related school violence was high in Viet Nam; 71% of LGBT students reported having been physically abused and 72.2% reported having been verbally abused. Some LGBT students revealed that they had experienced situations in which schools staff were perpetrators of violence. LGBT youth experienced clear negative academic and wellbeing outcomes, ranging from lowered grades and school drop-out, to depression and suicidal ideation. Almost a quarter of LGBT students who had experienced violence had also experienced suicidal ideation and 14.9% attempted to engage in self-harm or suicide. Gay, bisexual and gender non-conforming male and male-to-female transgender (GBT) students faced highly significant increases in risk for all kinds of violence compared to lesbian, bisexual and gender non-conforming female and female-to-male transgender (LBT) students. This appeared to be influenced by factors including perpetrator motivations of punishing ‘feminine’ expressions on male bodies, and increased respect for ‘masculine’ expressions on female bodies – within the context of a Confucian culture that broadly privileges masculinity. LGBT students were notably less confident in their schools’ efforts to prevent violence than other students in the FGDs and IDIs. The surveyed LGBT students who had experienced violence were more likely to report that they sought assistance from friends and less likely to seek help from staff than other students who had experienced violence. Research findings suggest an imperative need to raise awareness and capacity of school administrators and teachers with regard to SOGIE-related school violence to empower them to act as agent of change in making schools safer places for LGBT students.

Discussion & Recommendations
Curriculum developers and policy-makers need to actively redress the gaps in the knowledge of all education stakeholder groups on SOGIE and LGBT through clear education resources revision and distinct guidelines. Schools need to roll-out both educational interventions and practical support features (uniform flexibility and unisex toilets) in holistic efforts to create safe and supportive environments for LGBT students. Further studies could trial various SOGIE-related school violence interventions in schools.

Purpose: to work out and substantiate technologies of motor and intellectual aspects’ integral
influence on development of basic light athletics movements’ technique. Material: in the research 2 groups of
schoolchildren participated: control group (n = 34) and experimental group (n = 33). Results: it was determined that main
direction of motor skills’ development in light athletics trainings is a holistic approach. Such approach implies mastering
of principal movements of light athletics on the base of analogies with rational and economical movements in Nature and
on the base of laws of mechanics. Conclusions: it is recommended to consider in trainings the fact that improvement of
motor skills’ mastering facilitates strengthening of demand in motor functioning. This demand is a condition of organism
functioning’s improvement.

In 2010, the Mexican government implemented a multi-sector
agreement to prevent obesity. In response, the Ministries of Health and Education
launched a national school-based policy to increase physical activity, improve
nutrition literacy, and regulate school food offerings through nutritional guidelines.
We studied the Guidelines’ negotiation and regulatory review process, including
government collaboration and industry response. Within the government, conflicting
positions were evident: the Ministries of Health and Education supported the
Guidelines as an effective obesity-prevention strategy, while the Ministries of
Economics and Agriculture viewed them as potentially damaging to the economy
and job generation. The food and beverage industries opposed and delayed the
process, arguing that regulation was costly, with negative impacts on jobs and
revenues. The proposed Guidelines suffered revisions that lowered standards initially
put forward. We documented the need to improve cross-agency cooperation to
achieve effective policymaking.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of stereotypical and counter-stereotypical
information on the self-esteem and cognitive performance of 10-year-old children. Our sample
consisted of 37 girls and 37 boys. Children were presented with 10 “mathematical” puzzles in three
experimental conditions: stereotypical (boys are better), counter-stereotypical (girls are better), and
the control condition (no particular information). Self-esteem was measured using a non-verbal
task. The results showed a significant interaction effect of “condition x sex” on self-esteem and
performance. Girls revealed no significant differences between control and experimental conditions,
while boys showed a significant drop in self-esteem and performance in the counter-stereotypical
condition as compared to the control condition and a significant lift in self-esteem and performance
in the stereotypical condition as compared to the control condition.

Exposure to the rice industrialization environment can affect the lung
capacity of individuals. In particular, respiratory disorders may occur in children
who spend several hours in areas close to rice mills. This work analyzes the lung
capacity of schoolchildren in the city of Artigas, an area of concentration of rice mills,
between 2015 and 2016. The results of this study are compared with values obtained
in previous work [3] for a reference population of the country. In addition, the link
between lung capacity and proximity to the rice industrialization environment is
investigated. Healthcare professionals measure lung capacity by Peak Expiratory
Flow (PEF). The study design is longitudinal applied to a probabilistic sample
of schoolchildren from the city of Artigas, aged 4 to 7 years, who were measured
on 4 occasions over a year. Weight, height and PEF measurements were taken,
and information on the clinical history and environmental conditions, to which the
children are exposed, was obtained through questionnaires given to the parents. The
PEF values collected on each occasion were compared with the percentile values
of the reference population and, in addition, mixed-effects models were fitted to
analyze the association between the trajectory of PEF and rice industrialization.
The results show that PEF values are below the expected, according to the reference
values for the country, indicating a potential higher risk of respiratory pathologies
in schoolchildren from Artigas. On the other hand, the results of the analysis of
the PEF trajectory are similar to those reported in previous studies for Uruguay in
terms of their relationship with age, weight and height. However, there is no evidence
that a higher degree of exposure to the rice industrialization environment worsens
the PFE trajectory among schoolchildren in Artigas. A limitation of the analysis is
that no information is available for other cities outside the rice mill concentration
zone. Therefore, it is relevant that future work analyze the PEF trajectories of
schoolchildren from different cities in order to have greater variability in exposure
to environmental contamination.

Los problemas en la salud oral se presentan con gran frecuencia afectando a gran parte de la población, de manera especial en niños, presentándose desde los primeros años de vida, ya que el nivel de higiene bucal en la mayoría es deficiente, las enfermedades dentales que se presentan con mayor frecuencia son las caries y la enfermedad periodontal, ocasionando dolor, daños y problemas en la salud oral de los niños, se estableció a los 12 años, como la edad global de aparición de caries y enfermedades periodontales. Objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar el índice de higiene oral e índice periodontal en escolares de 12 años de la Parroquia Gil Ramírez en Cuenca Ecuador periodo 2016. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, relacional, en un total de 188 fichas teniendo como variables el Índice de higiene oral simplificado de Green y Vermillon y el Índice Periodontal de Russell. Resultados: se obtuvo una correlación del Índice de higiene oral (IHO) e Índice periodontal (IPR) = 0.000. Conclusión: Según el estudio realizado se concluye que no existe relación entre el índice de higiene oral e índice periodontal en escolares de 12 años

Handwriting dysfunction may harm children's wellbeing. Therapists and elementary school teachers help to identify and improve children's handwriting performance. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between therapists' assessment and teachers' perception of handwriting performance in first graders. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved (n=31) first-grade students, aged 6-8 years from an international school in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Teachers evaluated the handwriting proficiency using the Handwriting Proficiency Screening Questionnaire (HPSQ), and the explored students were rated as proficient and non-proficient hand writers. Furthermore, therapists assessed students' handwriting proficiency using the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment (MHA) (manuscript & D'Nealian styles) scores. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess the differences in MHA scores between proficient and non-proficient hand writers. Moreover, Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between the scores of MHA and HPSQ. Results: There was a significant difference in all component scores of MHA (except the rate) and both writing styles between the proficient and non-proficient writers (P<0.05). There was also a significant relationship between the MHA and the HSPQ scores (P<0.05). However, further analysis of these scales' components suggested no significant association between teachers' and therapists' evaluation of the handwriting speed domain. Discussion: There was a significant relationship between the teacher's and therapist's evaluation of handwriting performance using standardized measures. Thus, therapists should work in collaboration with teachers to identify and treat handwriting difficulties in school children.

The topic of this study addresses preliminary results of the Czech part of a Czech-French-Canadian study. Owing to the scope of the research this study only presents results of children in the 1st and 2nd grade. This study focuses on home preparation for school. The observed criteria are children’s attitudes to home preparation for school, perceived success of school children, their degree of self-regulation, and children’s perceived assistance with home preparation on the part of the parents. We were also interested in the differences between boys and girls in the observed variables. To understand better the relationships between the variables, we performed a regression analysis which showed that the differences in the degree that a child feels successful at school are mainly determined by the type of behavioural strategy a child adopts in connection with homework (“HW”) during the first years of school attendance. Furthermore we established that differences in children’s self-regulation are chiefly determined by children’s feelings in connection with HW and children’s perceived success.
Key words: home preparation, attitudes, perceived success, self-regulation, home preparation, upbringing, education, schoolchildren, parents’ assistance with HW ( home works)

This paper uncovers the “deep structure” within New Labour’s Green Paper, 'Schools: Building on Success' (DfEE, 2001). It does this through focusing on the issues of human capital, employers’ educational needs and business as they figure in the Green Paper.

Objective: The study of nonverbal communication in primary schoolers with intellectual disabilities is an urgent topic for medical psychology. Background: The purpose of this paper is to study nonverbal communication as a means of social integration. Method: The methodological basis of this study is represented by various theoretic methods of scientific cognition. Methods of synthesis and analysis, system analysis of data and analysis of literary sources were used. In the context of the study, papers of foreign authors on the topic of nonverbal communication were considered. Results: The study of the nonverbal communication development in primary school-aged children will allow for more successful socialisation of children with mild mental retardation, which in turn partially compensates for the intellectual impairment, and will also reduce the risks of social isolation. Conclusion: This study is of practical value for psychologists and educators who work with children with a certain level of intellectual disability.

Past experiences can affect how children encounter school and the relationships they form with their teachers and peers—and this is especially true for refugee children, whose pre-resettlement histories can have significant ramifications for their academic careers. Gaps in understanding about resettlement histories can negatively affect refugee children's sense of belonging and relationships with teachers and peers, as well as the provision of adequate academic and psychosocial services, in fact a recent systematic review study conducted by Attanayake et al. (2009) reported that PTSD (47%) and depression (43%) are prevalent disorders among refugee children.

Objective: To estimate the percentage of children with low, moderate and high caries risk; and to determine the predictors of caries risk amongst 11-12 year old Pakistani school children. Methods: Subjects' caries risk was assessed using the Cariogram programme. The survey was done among school children in Bhakkar district of Punjab, Pakistan. Caries and plaque level were assessed using the DMFT and Sillnes and Loe indices respectively, while diet content and frequency were assessed using a three-day diet diary. Results: A total of 226 children participated in this study, giving a response rate of 75%. Most subjects (39.8%) were in the low risk category with DMFT score of 0. The overall mean DMFT score was 1.49 (+/- 0.63). Linear and multiple regressions were performed to evaluate the predictability of caries risk. Previous experience of dental caries was found to be the most relevant predictor of caries risk (40%). Conclusion: The levels of caries risk amongst Pakistani 11-12 year old school children were generally low. Past caries experience was the most significant factor in predicting future caries lesion in this sample population.

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii infection has been described as the most widespread zoonotic infection of humans and other
animals. Information concerning T. gondii infection among schoolchildren is unavailable in Lagos City, Nigeria. Methods: This crosssectional
study investigated the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection among primary schoolchildren
(PSC) from a community located in the center of Lagos, southern Nigeria, from November 2013 to March 2014. A total of 382 PSC
were screened for the presence of sera anti-T. gondii antibodies using a latex agglutination test (TOXO Test-MT, Tokyo, Japan). A
cutoff titer of ≥ 1:32 was considered positive, while titers ≥ 1:1,024 indicated high responders. Questionnaires were also used to obtain
data on possible risk factors from parents/guardians. Results: The overall seroprevalence was 24% (91/382), and 83.5% (76/91) of
seropositive PSC were classifi ed as high responders. Among the risk factors tested, including contact with cats and soil, consumption
of raw meat and vegetables, and drinking unboiled water, none showed statistical signifi cance after multivariate adjustment. No
associations were observed among age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and parents’ occupation/educational level. Conclusions: The
fi ndings in this study show evidence of active infection, and hence, there is need for urgent preventive measures in this city. Further
investigation is required to clarify the transmission routes. Policy makers also need to initiate prevention and control programs to
protect pregnant women and immunocompromised patients in particular because they are more severely affected by T. gondii infection.

Background: The study aimed to analyze the nutritional status of Filipino children ages 0–60 months (0–5.0 years old) and 61–120 months (5.08–10.0 years old) in households headed by fisherfolks.Methods: The 8th National Nutrition Survey (NNS) data collected by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-DOST) was used in the study. There were 13,423 young children and16,398 schoolchildren participants for anthropometry component. The World Health Organization Child Growth Standards (WHO-CGS) was used to assess the nutritional status of the young children while the WHO GrowthReference 2007 was used for schoolchildren. Occupational groups were categorized based on the 1992 PhilippineStandard Occupational Classification (PSOC). Descriptive statistics were used for the profiling of the different variables while bivariate analysis, logistic regression and odds ratios were used to correlate the different variables to the nutrition status of the children. Data were analyzed using Stata 12.0.Results: Results showed that households headed by fisherfolks (HHF) were one of the occupational groups with highest malnutrition among young and school-aged children. The HHF had higher prevalence of malnutrition among young children compared to the overall prevalence of malnutrition among young children in the Philippines, except for overweight. This is also true for schoolchildren, except for wasting. Age of child, sex, household size, age, fishermen and farmer as household head and type of toilet (water-sealed) were correlated to stunting, underweight, overweight and obesity among children.Conclusions:The high prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting among young and schoolchildren in thisoccupational group poses immediate and serious nutrition intervention strategies such as health and nutrition information, health care, sanitation and hygiene, and physical activities. A national policy on the health, nutrition and welfare of households headed by fisherfolks and their children is highly recommended.

Background. Labor related injuries among Palestinian schoolchildren are a significant undocumented public health concern. This study aimed at documenting the prevalence and nature of work related injuries among schoolchildren as well as identifying sociodemographic factors that predict these injuries. Methods. A cross-sectional survey included 15,963 children of whom 6458 (40.8%) completed an optional package related to labor. Students aged 12–18 years self-completed the international WHO collaborative HBSC valid questionnaires between April and May of 2006. Results. Approximately 73.8% of the students who filled the optional package reported working during the last 12 months, of whom 79.1% sustained a work related injury. Work injuries were significantly higher among boys, younger children, and children enrolled in UNRWA schools and living in Gaza Strip (í µí±ƒ < 0.05). Children working ≥3 hours/day were more likely to experience injuries, 1.73 (95% CI, 1.53–1.95), than those working ≤3/day. About half of the children worked in retail trade (51.5%), agriculture (20.0%), and cleaning (11.4%). Injury type was related to the type of work performed. Conclusions. The high prevalence of injuries among working Palestinian schoolchildren confirms its severity as a public health problem. To reduce occupational injuries, policymakers and professionals should develop intervention programs that target the public and health providers.

The aim of this article was to describe the nutritional status and body composition of schoolchildren from Tucumán (Argentina) and analyze variations according to sex, area of residence, and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 1948 schoolchildren aged 8.0 to 11.9 years. Body weight, height, triceps skinfold, waist, and upper arm circumferences were measured. Nutritional status and body composition were estimated using the NHANES III reference. SES was surveyed with the Family Affluence Scale. Area of residence was classified as urban or rural based on the criteria of the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses of Argentina. Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate nutritional status and body composition according to sex, area of residence, and SES. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 12.3% and 18.2%, respectively, as compared with that of underweight (2.3%), stunting (3%), and wasting (2.1%). The prevalence of stunting and wasting was higher in girls, while that of obesity was higher in boys. Low SES schoolchildren registered a higher prevalence of stunting. Analysis of body composition indicated modifications in adipose and muscular tissues, especially in undernourished (underweight, stunting, or wasting) children and children with excess weight (overweight or obesity). Conclusion: The child population from Tucumán is undergoing an accelerated process of nutritional transition, manifested by the double burden of malnutrition. The distribution of stunting, wasting, and obesity, and changes in fat and muscular tissues were not homogeneous, revealing differences according to sex, area of residence, and SES.

The article highlights aspects of sociological research conducted on the basis of the Stupino branch of the MAI (National Research University), as well as a questionnaire survey of schoolchildren of the Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution "Secondary General School No. 5 with in-depth study of individual subjects" of the Stupino urban district. Due to the comparative approach, when analyzing the answers of schoolchildren and students, it was possible to reveal that young respondents take a more distinct and critical position compared with students in relation to environmental problems. Consequently, the earlier the ecoculture is transformed into broad masses, the more responsible attitude will develop among the younger generation. The study showed the need to introduce environmental content in the curricula of the "Foreign Language" discipline at the Institute. The educational system of the school proved to be more prepared for the needs of today. The ways of improving the teaching of a foreign language in a technical university with the purpose of expanding the knowledge of students in the ecoculture in the study of a foreign language are considered.
Key words: ecology, sociological study, foreign language, development, students, technical university, schoolchildren

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of general tooth wear (GTW), i.e. tooth wear irrespective of etiology and erosive tooth wear (ETW), i.e. tooth wear predominantly due to erosion; and also to investigate the relationship between ETW and dental caries experience in 16-year-old adolescents in Kuantan, Malaysia. Methods: A multi-staged cluster sampling method was employed. A total of 598 16-year-old adolescents participated in this study. Participants' demographic profile was assessed through a self-administered questionnaire. Clinical examinations were carried out under standardized conditions by a single examiner. The level of GTW was recorded using the modified Smith and Knight's Tooth Wear Index (TWI) whilst ETW were recorded using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. This index was developed to record clinical findings and assist in the decision-making process for the management of erosive tooth wear. Dental caries was recorded using the D 3 MFT index whereby D 3 denotes obvious dental decay into dentine detected visually.

The aim of the current cross-sectional study was to
assess the self-reported oral health and impact on the
quality of life of 216 schoolchildren (113 boys and 103
girls), aged between 7-15 years, with Romanian ethnicity,
from three urban public schools, with different socioeconomic status, from North-Eastern Romania (Iasi and
Suceava) and Republic of Moldova (Chisinau). The children
responded independently to the COHIP questionnaire and
sub-scales scores; also, the overall OHRQoL scores were
calculated. Statistical analysis was performed with the
SPSS 16.0 program, statistically signifcant differences
being noticed in the overall OHRQoL mean scores and in
some sub-scales of the questionnaire, as well as between
genders, age intervals, cities and countries (p<0.05). The
results showed a good oral and general self-reported
health state, which had a positive impact on the quality of
life of children from this geographical area