Titles

In 2018, the Art Gallery of Ontario retitled a painting by Emily Carr which contained an offensive word. Controversy ensued, with some arguing that unsanctioned changes to a work's title infringe upon artists' moral and free speech rights. Others argued that such a change serves to whitewash legacies of racism and cultural genocide. In this paper, I show that these concerns are unfounded. The first concern is not supported by law or the history of our titling practices; and the second concern misses the mark by ignoring the gallery's substantial efforts to avoid just such an outcome. Picking up on a suggestion from Loretta Todd, I argue that we can use Aboriginal Title as a model for thinking about the harms perpetuated by cultural appropriation, and the practices we should adopt to mitigate them.

The relevance of the study and its scientific novelty is characterized by the fact that it is the first one among musicology works dedicated to the composer Mark Andre. The article undertakes a detailed analysis of the titles of the works of the Franco-German composer and formulates an approach to their creation in the context of the poetics of Marc Andre’s music. This issue is also considered in the context of the work of his predecessors, whose works were associated with the ones of Andre in their figurative content and external performance. The hypothesis of our research is to recognize the process of creating names for musical pieces as a full-fledged element of the composer's creative activity. The purpose of the study is to identify the conceptual methods and philosophical and aesthetic principles of the composer, which he is guided by when forming the titles. The article provides a detailed evaluative review of the titles of the pieces with the text of the author's comments. As a result, it is possible to identify three different stages of the approach to the creation of the title. Particular attention is paid, in addition to M. Andre himself, to the composers G. de Machaut, O. Messian, J. Cage, C. Ballif, G. Grisey and H. Lachenmann in terms of working with the word in the title of the work.
Keywords: Mark Andre, musical work, new music, title, deconstruction, fragmentation, acronym, micro-quote.

Titles and motion graphics in movies and on TV

Purpose of the research is to analyze the functions of titles and animated graphics in cinema and on television, to reveal the peculiarities of their application in various audiovisual works and to determine the ways of its realization. The methodology of the study involves the use of visual analysis of cinema and TV programm, which will allow to understand the basic functions of titles and animated graphics in modern audiovisual works. The scientific novelty of the research is that it contains the basic principles of the use of titles and animated graphics in various audiovisual works and their impact on the figurative solution of cinema and teleproducts. Conclusions. Titles in cinema, besides the purely informational function, gradually began to bring emotional and semantic associations into a visual sequence of films, playing the role of a kind of graphic overture. Synthesis of titles and animations became animated graphics. Today on television, both the TV channel itself and the TV program must have their own individual visual style, which is created with the help of a musical design and helps the viewer to easily identify the TV program. Animated graphics have also become widespread in infographics and in presentations. Thus, the analysis of the use of titles and graphics in cinema and on TV allowed the author to formulate a system of concepts about the use of animated graphics in films and TV programs, which is essential for the practice of creating a variety of audiovisual products.

Keywords: titles, motion graphics, motion design, video design, TV-design.

Gegenstand des Beitrags sind die verschiedenen italienischen Übersetzungen von Titel und Überschriften der Erzählsammlung Betrachtung von Franz Kafka, die im Rahmen des funktionalen Übersetzungsmodells von Christiane Nord (1988, 1993) analysiert werden. Der Terminus Titel bezeichnet den Text, der vor bzw. über dem gesamten Ko-Text, d.h. dem betitelten Text steht, der Terminus Überschrift hingegen Benennungen, die lediglich über einzelnen Ko-Text-Teilen (d.h. den Erzählungen) stehen (vgl. Nord 1993).
Titel und Überschriften haben nicht nur Textstatus, sie tragen auch textsortenhafte
Merkmale, d.h. sie folgen einem elementaren Handlungsmuster, in dem Merkmalskombinationen, Kommunikationsformen und Situationsbedingungen weitgehend standardisiert sind. Aufgrund ihrer synthetischen und abgeschlossenen Form sind Texte wie Titel und Überschriften daher besonders geeignet um spezifische Übersetzungsprobleme zu thematisieren. Stammen Titel und Überschriften eines literarischen Werkes vom Textautor selbst, wie dies bei der  Betrachtung Kafkas der Fall ist, so wird der Autor aufgrund der metakommunikativen  Funktion dieser Texteinheiten zwangsläufig bereits zum Interpreten seines eigenen Ko-Textes (vgl. Nord 1993).
Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, anhand der italienischen Übersetzungen von Titel und
Überschriften der Erzählsammlung Betrachtung die Übersetzungsprobleme darzustellen, die sich aufgrund der sendergebundenen metakommunikativen Funktion ergeben. Die daraus gewonnenen Einsichten in Übersetzungsprozesse sind zwar nicht im Sinne einer Evaluation zu verstehen, die im Falle einer literarischen Übersetzung eine komplexe hermeneutische Aufgabenstellung ist (vgl. Tonelli/Baumann/Dressler 2010), aber sie können durchaus sowohl für die Übersetzungskritik wie die Übersetzungsdidaktik fruchtbar gemacht werden.

The Chinese by Origin Proto-Bulgarian Titles Ban and Zhupan of Noblemans from the First Bulgarian Kingdom
In Late Antiquity from the China, the Inner Asian Bulgarians learn, perceive or borrow the construction of walls, the glazing of ceramic vessels, the distillation of alcohol, the twelve-year cycle calendar, the words kniga and bukva, titles such as ban, zhupan, kagan, tigin, etc.
The Proto-Bulgarian title ban has as its basis and beginning the ancient Chinese title wang „emperor; tsar; prince; nobleman“.
Medieval Bulgarian, Serbian, Croatian, Hungarian, Czech, Romanian and others title župan is Proto-Bulgarian in origin. It has its genetic-historical basis in the late ancient Chinese language and has passed from here to the Turkic languages in general and in the Bulgarian languages in particular somewhere around the beginning of the New Era. It is based on the late ancient Chinese title tsou-pan „secretary; chancellor” with the modern continuation wáng-zuò/wángzhŏu „closest assistant to the emperor; highest nobleman“.
Immediately after its establishment and consolidation on the other side of the Danube, Khan Asparuh began to organize and resettle the Slavic clans and tribes, appointing them proto-Bulgarian dignitaries as bans and zhupans, but this practice continued under Khan Krum and Khan Omurtag. That is why, even long after that, the South-West Slavic tribes had as tribal chiefs zhupans, who, however, were no longer Proto-Bulgarians but Slavs by origin, while some of the princes and boyars of the Vlach-Bulgarian principalities across the Danube even after the 15th century are still titled as bans and zhupans.

This  article  is  devoted  to  the  reading  of  the  Sogdian  inscriptions  on selas found in the Kafirkala (Samarkand). Also the role of the title "khatun" found in seals in the management of the Turkic Qaghanate and Samarkand is considered.

Στα θεωρητικά κείμενα που εξετάζουν τη λειτουργία των τίτλων επισημαίνεται, μεταξύ άλλων, πως κάθε τίτλος βιβλίου δεν έχει αντικείμενο αναφοράς μόνο το περιεχόμενο του βιβλίου, αλλά συνδέεται άρρηκτα και με τα υπόλοιπα στοιχεία του «παρακειμένου» (με τον πρόλογο, τις σημειώσεις κλπ.), αλλά και συμμετέχει σε ένα σύνθετο πλέγμα σχέσεων με άλλους τίτλους βιβλίων, λ.χ. του ίδιου συγγραφέα ή του ίδιου ειδολογικού περιεχομένου.
Οι περισσότεροι από τους τίτλους των ποιητικών συλλογών αλλά και των υπόλοιπων βιβλίων του Γιώργου Σεφέρη παρουσιάζουν μια ομοιότητα, η οποία μπορεί να γίνει καλύτερα αντιληπτή μέσα από την κατηγοριοποίηση που προτείνει για τους τίτλους ο Gérard Genette στη μελέτη του Seuils. Πρόκειται κατά κανόνα για «ρηματικούς» τίτλους οι οποίοι αποδίδουν σε ένα βιβλίο έναν παραπλανητικό ειδολογικό χαρακτηρισμό (π.χ. Μυθιστόρημα, Ημερολόγιο καταστρώματος, Χειρόγραφο Σεπ. ’41). Ακόμα, η συνεξέταση τριών συγκεκριμένων ρηματικών τίτλων (Δοκιμές, Αντιγραφές, Μέρες) μαζί με τα στοιχεία του παρακειμένου των βιβλίων αυτών δείχνει πως οι τρείς αυτοί τίτλοι λειτουργούν με παρόμοιο τρόπο και επιδιώκουν να επαναπροσδιορίσουν τις ειδολογικές κατηγορίες στις οποίες ανήκουν τα βιβλία αυτά.
"

This article takes its cue from Gérard Genette’s 'Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation', to examine the liminal phrase 'arma uirumque' in the 'Aeneid' and in its reception. In response to some recent publications, the article explores the validity and relevance of paratextuality to the study of Latin literature; the status of 'arma uirumque' as a quasi-title in the reception of Virgil; and finally the meaning and resonances of 'arma uirumque' throughout the 'Aeneid' itself. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/699706?mobileUi=0

The Chinese by Origin Proto-Bulgarian Titles Kagan, and Khan, with Kavhan, of Rulers from the First Bulgarian Kingdom
The Bulgarian tribes and peoples appeared on the historical stage at the end of the third millennium BC, and in Inner Asia, they are a huge military-political and geostrategic force. For many centuries, the Bulgarians not only quarrel or fought, but also communicated with the numerous tribes and peoples of Inner Asia, and especially with the Chinese. From them the Bulgarians learn, perceive or borrow the construction of walls, the glazing of ceramic vessels, the casting of cast iron, the distillation of alcohol, the twelve-year cycle calendar, especially the indicative for a sufficiently high level of civilization and culture words kniga „book“, and bukva „letter“ with their respective objects, the individual components of the hierarchically stratified intra-social organization titles such as ban, zhupan, tarkan, khan, kagan, tigin, etc.
The Chinese by origin Proto-Bulgarian position-rank title kagan, Latin cagan, Greek χαγάν/κανα is based on ancient Chinese γwāŋ-γwāŋ; position-rank title khan has its origins in Chinese kuan or γwã. The derivative on this basis position-rank title kavhan is formed according to the rules of Persian syntax with the help of Middle Persian title kav „tribal chief; prince; tsar".

The paper examines the charters of the Hungarian kings, queens and princes, as well as the papal sources from the first half of the thirteenth century to present a summary about the use of titles of the members of the Hungarian royal family.

This thesis is a critically-oriented study of how knowledge and authority are legitimated in the discursive structure of popular management books. Some key textual and contextual properties of these texts are investigated in a corpus of over a hundred texts, representing a selection of highly influential works in this field according to emic criteria.

Five empirical studies assess different aspects of their structure, with a special attention to their role in the construction of authorial and reader personas: the nature of management book titles, that sets the pragmatic key for the understanding of these texts; the use of metadiscourse to set and answer genre expectations, shedding light on the reciprocal expectations of authors and readers; exemplification patterns, showing how persuasive texts can be deployed without developing general arguments; the use of narratives of personal experience to establish authorial credibility; and the strategic deployment of presuppositions to mobilize readers' affects and convictions in highly-charged topics.

The purpose of these studies is to provide a discursively-based account of the typical persuasive devices used by writers in popular management, illuminating the epistemic characteristics of the discipline. The analyses show the highly idiosyncratic character of popular management writing, that cannot be assimilated either to academic criteria nor to popularisation genres. The positioning of writers regarding their texts, their themes and their audience is understood as an expression of their position within the field of management, where several interests and sets of practitioners coincide. Its relation to the well-established ideological character of the
discipline is discussed, as is the value of textually-oriented discourse analysis for the critique of such ideologies.

The tamga signs and titles engraved on coins represent symbols of ruling dynasties and
the states they had founded and were associated both with the territory where they ruled, as well as with
their origin (ethnicity). In this regard of particular interest are Old Turkic tamgas and titles (“Qaghan”,
“Yabghu” (?), “Tegin”, “Tarkhan”) available on the pre-Islamic Turkic coins of Tokharistan region (South-
ern Uzbekistan – Southern Tadjikistan – Northern Afghanistan) with Sogdian scripts. On the early medie-
val coins of Chach related to the Western Turkic Qaghanate (568-740), there are four types of tamgas – a
lyre-shaped one with its varieties, a tamga in the form of two crossed swords, an anchor-form tamga and
the diamond-form one, and the fact comes under notice that similar tamgas were engraved on the coins
of the Northern Tokharistan of the epoch. Appearance of these tamgas and titles in the territory of Chach
and Tokharistan in the Early Middle Ages is directly related to political activities of the Western Turkic
Qaghanate and ethno-cultural processes which were taking place in Central Asia.

This essay explains the rankings of titles for men and women, plus the contemporary rules of precedence, which were current in eighteenth-century Britain, as prepared by P.J. Corfield for publication in E.M. Green, P.J. Corfield and C. Harvey, Elections in Metropolitan London, 1700-1850: Volume 1 Arguments and Evidence (Bristol, 2013), pp. 457-77; and on-line in http://leh.ncl.ac.uk

The Chinese by Origin Proto-Bulgarian Titles Kanartigin, Sü-bigi, Tarkan, and Turun of Nobleman's from the First Bulgarian Kingdom
Bulgarian tribes and peoples appeared on the historical stage at the end of the third millennium BC, and in Inner Asia, they are a huge military-political and geostrategic force. For many centuries, Bulgarians not only fought or fought, but also communicated with the numerous tribes and peoples of Central Asia and especially with the Chinese. From them the Bulgarians learn, perceive or borrow the construction of walls, the glazing of ceramic vessels, the casting of cast iron, the distillation of alcohol, the twelve-year cycle calendar, especially the words книга „book“, and буква „letter“, with their respective objects, denoting and naming the individual components of the hierarchically stratified intra-social organization titles such as ban, zhupan, tarkan, khan, kagan, tigin, etc.
The Chinese by Origin Proto-Bulgarian position-rank title kanartigin, Greek κανάρατίκείνος „heir to the throne“ is based on Ancient Chinese t'a-kin < d'ek-g'ien, d'ak(lek)-g'ien; position-rank title sü-bigi, Greek συβηγη „commander in chief“ - Ancient Chinese śwò/shù, Middle Chinese śü, and Middle Chinese päik/рặiк; the prestigious-honorary title tarkan, Greek ταρκανος - Middle Chinese that-kwan/that-kuan; the prestigious-honorary title turun, Old Bulgarian дрѫгъ - Middle Chinese to-thoŋ/to-tok.

Though it is provided in section 16 of the Indian Advocates Act, 1961 to have two classes of Advocates; one Senior and other not Seniors but the question is how designation of Senior Advocate helps Justice Administration System and Legal profession. It is Colonial Legacy to confer titles and must be abolished.

Partindo de uma leitura da "História do Patriarcado Copta de Alexandria", crônica oficial desta instituição, este trabalho tem por objetivo reconstituir, de forma sinóptica, o funcionamento econômico da Igreja Copta nos estágios iniciais do Egito islâmico – ou seja, desde a conquista do Vale do Nilo pelos árabes, em 641, até as vésperas da tomada da região pelos fatímidas, em 969. No âmbito de tal reconstituição, deu-se especial atenção às assimétricas interações econômicas entre o governo islâmico e a comunidade cristã egípcia, e às estratégias de arrecadação praticadas pelos diferentes tipos de profissionais vinculados à Igreja Copta – tais como monges, bispos, clérigos casados e patriarcas. Espera-se que o texto contribua para a elaboração de uma futura história comparada da administração eclesiástica na Antiguidade Tardia e no Medievo.

Öz Başlangıçta Köktürk Kağanlığının birer batı kanadı olarak bilinen ve daha sonra belirli bir Kağanlığa dönüşen Batı Köktürk Kağanlığı (568-740) Orta Asya tarihinde ayrıca bir yer tutmaktadır. Kağanlık tarihi ile bağlantılı birçok dillerdeki yazılı kaynaklar ve arkeolojik buluntular Batı Köktürkler döneminde bölgede sikke darbı, tasvirî sanat, yazı sistemi, yazıya dayalı haberleşme, iletişim ve saire gibi devlet yönetimiyle ilişkili geleneklerin oldukça geliştiğine delalet etmektedir. Özellikle, devlet yönetiminde ayrıca yer tutan sikke darbı, mühürcülük ve damga geleneği Batı Köktürk Kağanlığının ayrıca özelliği ol-muştur. Kendi sikkelerini Çaç (Taşkent) bölgesinde bastıran Batı Köktürk yö-neticileri sikkelerde kendi adı ve ünvanının yanı sıra boy damgalarını da yan-sıtmışlardır. Bununla birlikte, Batı Köktürkleriyle bağlantılı birçok Türk asıllı hanedanlar: Çaç, Fergana, Otrar, Soğd, Buhara ve Toharistan bölgelerinde Eski Türk boy damgalarını barındıran kendi sikkelerini darbetmişler, bu tür sembolik işaretleri mühürlerine de yansıtmışlardır. Bu tür sikke ve mühürler menşece Eski Türk gelenekleriyle örtüşmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Batı Köktürk Kağanlığı, Devlet Yönetimi, Sülale, Sim-geler, Damga, Mühür, Sikkeler. The Domination Icons Of West Turkic Khanate: Stamp And Seal Abstract The Western Turkic Khanate (568-740), which was known initially as one of the western wings of the Turkic Khanate and then turned into a specific kingdom, has its own place in the history of Central Asia. Written sources and archaeological findings in many languages related to the history of the kha-nate indicate that in the period of the Western Turks, state-related traditions such as coin minting, depiction of art, writing system, communication and so on have developed. Particularly, the coinage, seal and stamp tradition, which also holds a place in state administration, has also become a feature

Dans Sébastien Douchet, Marie-Pascale Halary, Sylvie Lefèvre, Patrick Moran et Jean-René Valette (dir.), De la pensée de l'Histoire au jeu littéraire. Études médiévales en l'honneur de Dominique Boutet, Paris, Honoré Champion, 2019, p. 249-260

Among the most types of coins minted in Samarkand in the Early
Middle Ages, mintages for some extent were directly or indirectly connected
to the Western Turkic kaghans. These coins were distinguished with their
iconography, paleography, and categories (volume, size, technics of preparing)
with the inscriptions of rulers face-portrait on the everse part in the form of
surrounded by Soghdian legend, in which inscribed the statement as xwβw /
twrnyn / x’γ’n “Kaghan the Ruler of Turan”.

Semerkant merkezli Soğd bölgesinde miladi 7-8. yüzyıllarda Soğdça yazıyla darbolunan birçok Soğd ve Eski Türk sikkeleri bulunmaktadır. Özellikle, tarafımızdan son yıllarda sürdürülen nümizmatik çalışmalar sonucunda Semerkant ve civari bölgelerde elde edilen birçok bronz sikkelerde twr’nyn x’γ’n “Turan hükümdarı”, xwβ twr’nyn x’γ’n “Turan hükümdarı Kağan”, MR’Y pncy nn x’ttwnh “Panç hükümdarı. Nana-Hatun” unvanlarının yer aldığı, onlardan bir kısmının Batı Köktürk Kağanlığıyla doğrudan doğru bağlantılı olduğu, bir kısmının ise dolaylı olarak Kağanlıkla ilişkili sikkeler olduğu belirtilmiştir.

Son yıllarda ise Rusyalı ve Japonyalı Sogdolog ve arkeolog bilim adamları tarafıdan Semerkant ve Pencikent’teki eski şehir kalıntılarında bulunan sikke ve mühürlerde Soğd yazısıyla x’γ’n “Kağan” ve x’ttwnh “Hatun” unvanlarının bulunduğu belirtmişler ve onları Köktürk Kağanlığıyla ilişkilendirmişlerdir.

Bu gibi yeni bilgilerin ışığında Köktürk Kağanlığı tarihinin şimdiye kadar iyi bilinmeyen sayfalarını, özellikle, Kağanlığın Batı Türkistan’daki yönetimiyle ilişkili konuları inceleme imkanı artmaktadır. Adı geçen unvanları yansıttıran Semerkant ve Pencikent sikke ve mühürlerdeki Soğdça yazının yazım tarzı ve bulundurduğu tasvirleri Çaç (Taşkent)’te darbolunan Batı Köktürk Kağanlığı (568-740) sikkelerindeki yazı ve ikonografi ile pek yakınlık taşımaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra, 8. Yüzyılın ilk çeyreğine ait Mug Dağı Soğdça belgelerinde Semerkant civarında bulunarak Arap istilasına karşı Soğd hükümdarlarına öncülük yapan Köktürk yöneticilerine dair bilgiler bulunmakta ve onlar adı geçen sikke ve mühürlerdeki bilgilerle örtüşmektedir.

The Great Turkic Qaghanate – has formed two parts: Turkic Qaghanate – it is the Central / Eastern Qaghanate or Eastern Turkic Qaghanate (552–630; 682–744), which capital was Ötüken in Mongolia and Western wing or Western Turkic Qaghanate (568–740), which capital was Suyab in Semirech’e (Kyrgyzstan). The Sogdian language was widespread in Central Asia on the epoch of the Turkic Qaghanate, which same as one of its official and administrative language. In this respect historical evidence, inscriptions and numismatic materials. The Bugut inscription from Mongolia (dated 581 AD), Ili inscription from Eastern Turkestan (Xinzhang/China, dated 599) and coins of Western Turkic Qaghanate, minting in Chach/Tashkent oasis and Ferghana Valley with Ancient Turkic titles Jabghu, Jabghu-Qaghan, Qaghan in the Sogdian alphabet (dated to the VI-VIIth century AD), which this coins become clear by the author in the near years.

This article is devoted to the reading of the Sogdian inscriptions on seals found in the Kafirkala (near Samarqand). In our opinion, the Sogdian inscription on the left side should read ZYk ZK t’pk / (t’p’[k]) cty’kH / CMYK (?) “This is the seal cty’kH / cwy’kH”, and the inscription on the right – x’ttwnH “Khatun” in the meaning of “queen”. There is no disagreement in the reading of the first line of the inscription, however, the inscription under it has not survived well, so we limited ourselves to reading cty’kh / cwy’kh with a question mark and interpret this as a female personal name or name of her tribe. We discussed also the role of the title “Khatun” found in seals in the management of the Turkic Qaghanate and Samarqand.