World War II history

The term 'propaganda' is normally taken in the pejorative sense of deceitful messaging. Propaganda is considered dubious if it is produced by a government agency, especially if by a ministry of war or propaganda. In this article I apply the theory of propaganda I sketched in a prior piece in these pages, under which propaganda is simply messaging intended to persuade others to do something or to support something. Under this theory, propaganda is reasonable if but only if it is evidence-based, truthful, broadly logical, not coercive, targeted at mentally competent adults, and transparent-meaning that the audience should be aware that the message is intended to persuade them to do or support something. I then examine three WWIIera government propaganda films, one-A Defeated People (1946)-produced by the British military, and two-The Negro Soldier (1944) and Teamwork (1947)-produced by the American military. I explain first why I chose these particular films. I then analyze these films in some detail, and show that while they were not perfectly rational, they all effectively conveyed the persuasive message that the respective militaries wanted to convey. And they did this by meeting all of criteria for propaganda to be rational.

La historia de la Enfermería está irremediablemente ligada a los grandes conflictos que han acaecido a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad, en los que los avances sanitarios fueron a la zaga de las nuevas tecnologías armamentísticas. Sin embargo, durante el periodo histórico que nos ocupa, la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los progresos en materia de salud resultaron de especial relevancia para el desarrollo de nuestra profesión. Hemos seleccionado y analizado una bibliografía que nos proporciona una visión de la Enfermería en distintos escenarios del conflicto tanto militares como civiles, en los que nos proponemos poner de manifiesto la importancia de la mujer en un momento histórico en el que la necesidad de mano de obra era acuciante, y durante el cual las enfermeras hubieron de adoptar un rol más allá del simple cuidado de las heridas, adaptándose a las exigencias de una guerra moderna. El desarrollo de la aviación abrió un nuevo campo de actuación en el que la Enfermería tuvo un ...

Chinese Role in Second World War
October 2024
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.10633.04964
Agha H Amin

Chinese role in the second world war was heroic and their human cost much heavier than USA, UK , India or Japan , but their influence on the strategic outcome of second world war was very limited .

True that China never actually invaded Japan , but China forced Japan to commit the largest part of its army in fighting against China.In 1945 there were over twenty five Japanese divisions in China whereas Japanese army at its greatest height never exceeded nine divisions in Burma.

Some 1.2 million Japanese troops,were committed to face China in the war. The Japanese lost  396,000 killed in the fighting against China.

China suffered 3.2 million, with more than out which 1.3 million were fatal. The number of  Chinese civilian fatal casualties is unknown.

Why China failed to play a decisive role was because Japanese land forces were committed in China , while the real Japanese war was the  naval war , with USA . Hence absence of Japanese infantry committed to face Chinese forces , was of no consequence or influence in the Japanese main war with the USA.

China was substantially helped by the USA in surviving the Japanese onslaught during second world war.

In the final stages of the war in 1945 , the Soviet invasion of Manchuria greatly helped China in its war against Japan.

Certainly China’s role in the second world war was not strategically decisive.

Het is de eerste week van oktober 1944. Het westen van het dorp is dan weliswaar al een paar weken bevrijd, maar het front zit muurvast in Nederweert. Aanhoudend vallen er Duitse en Engelse granaten en bommen. De inwoners van de Kerkstraat leven al veertien dagen constant in kille en vochtige schuilkelders en slapen op klam stro. Het voedsel begint op te raken en het is extreem gevaarlijk om buiten te zijn. De St. Lambertustoren, die door de Engelsen als observatiepost wordt gebruikt, staat bloot aan zware beschietingen. Schoor en Ospel zijn nog in Duitse handen. In Ospel hebben de Duitsers al 36 boerderijen in brand gestoken. De door de strijd zwaar vermoeide Engelse militairen worden afgewisseld door de Amerikanen. Voor het eerst in hun leven zien de Nederweertenaren gekleurde mannen. En leren ze kauwgum kennen.

Universal conscription and compulsory military service was implemented in Serbia in 1883. This move was drowned relatively earlier then in the most of European countries and transformed from scared, undisciplined and inadequately skilled Serbian national militia’s soldier from Serbian - Ottoman wars (1876 - 1878) to a disciplined, stubborn and very skilled warrior in the wars Serbia fought between 1912 and 1918. Thanks to universal conscription service, until the first decade of 20th century Serbian soldier become very valuable tool in the hands of carefully selected and highly educated and trained officers, for implementation of national goals. Although the regular compulsory military service period was two years long most of the Serbian conscripts spent in the barracks only five or eight months. During this shorter period of service, Serbian soldier went to training up to the battalion’s level. Becoming the reservists, Serbian soldiers were regularly called up every year for up to 30 days of additional military training. This kind of training was performed on the regimental and combined exercise level. That was the way to train most of the conscripts adequately without keeping them for a long time in the barracks. In 1893, after the whole first “call up” soldiers (i.e. those in the ages between 21 and 31) went through the basic military training, Serbian General Staff started to implement regularly large scale combined maneuvers on the division and corps level. The achievements of the process were very impressive. With the population of 2.922.058 inhabitants in 1910, on the basis of standing force consisting of 2.349 officers and 29.206 NCO’s and common soldiers, Serbia was able to mobilize war army comprised 10 infantry and one cavalry divisions with 286.818 men within field army, 55.580 men of territorial army organized in 60 3rd “call up” battalions and 3.310 men of so called “Final defense”. Until the first Balkan war broke up in 1912, three “call up’s” in-cluded soldiers born between 1867 and 1891, that all went through short time compulsory military service within standing army. Thanks to carefully carried out compulsory military service and positive selection of commanding officers and NCO’s, Serbian army performed successfully during the wars waged between 1912 and 1918.

, the leaders of North America and Western Europe flocked to the beaches of Normandy, France to pay tribute to the historic battle fought between the allied forces and the Nazis for control of France and to eventually overthrow the Nazis. This battle took its toll, but the Allies emerged victorious. However, at the ceremonies, no mention whatsoever was extended to the role of the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front, in which the casualty rate was far greater, the Nazi presence far greater, and the victory a key to the success in the West. In fact, the only reference to Russia was in State leader's speeches equating Vladmir Putin to the next Adolf Hitler! The facts of the defeat of Germany mainly at the hands of the Soviet Union are laid out in a conversation with Canadian-Belgian historian Jacques Pauwels in the recent episode of the Global Research News Hour. Dr. Jacques R. Pauwels, is a renowned author, historian and political scientist, Research associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization. His books include The Myth of the Good War: America in the Second World War (second edition, 2015), Big Business and Hitler (2017), and Myths of Modern History: From the French Revolution to the 20th century world wars and the Cold War-new perspectives on key events (2022). The following incisive interview with Michael Welch was recorded on June 25, 2024. Global Research: You must have caught some of the footage of earlier this month of D-Day. What struck you most about what was said and what was not said during the day of festivities 80 years later? Jacques Pauwels: Well, Michael, I've been to Normandy quite a few times. And I've actually was there in 1995. And it was then the 40th, the 50th anniversary of the landings in Normandy. And it's quite, of course, a moving experience to be there as all these World War commemorations tend to be. One cannot help being impressed. And I have always had an ambivalent feeling about that, because on the one hand, it is only fair to recognize the efforts of the men and some women also that sacrificed themselves over there. And I by no means would want to underestimate the importance and the valor of everybody involved, as well as the planning of the operation. A big bravo is indeed due. So I have no problem with honoring the men and women that were involved in this operation. And I certainly wouldn't recognize that it ended up the landings in Normandy did make a contribution to the victory by a coalition of countries that all needed to put in a very, very big effort to defeat that huge military monster that Nazi Germany happened to be. Because there's no doubt about that in the early 40s, and from 1939 on to 1944, approximately, Nazi Germany was the biggest, the most powerful military machine in the world. And to defeat that machine took an effort by all the allies, every little effort counted. So there's no way that we can or should possibly underestimate what happened. Having said that, it's also sad, I found, as the other side of the coin, that these celebrations have been manipulated, I should say, by the powers that be that organized them, and that are basically providing the big speakers over there, you know, to minimize, if not obfuscate, the efforts of the most important of all the members of the coalition, which was the Soviet Union, and of which, of course, Russia is today the successor country. And it is undoubtedly the case, as I as an historian have learned over the years, having been brought up in a country, Belgium, where we also believe that the landings

During the Second World War, many who attended Connecticut's Trinity College served in the Army Air Forces and the Eighth Air Force, flying the B-17 Flying Fortress or the B-24 Liberator.  The Apple TV+ "Masters of the Air" series provided a close look at the operations of the Eighth Air Force.  This article for the Trinity College newspaper, "The Trinity Tripod," featured a few alumni stories of air combat in the bombers, and it recalled that some alumni endured life in German POW camps.

Рад је заснован на необјављеној грађи Дипломатског архива Министарства иностраних послова и Војног архива СР Немачке, Војног архива у Београду, Архива Југославује, Архива Српске академије наука и уметности, Архива Србије, као и на основу објављених докумената, мемоара, релевантне историјске литературе, штампе и периодике. У складу са темом највећи значај имала су документа немачке, југословенске, француске и британске провинијенције која су аутору омогућила да боље разуме и објасни природу војнополитичких односа између Краљевине Југославије и Трећег Рајха.. Основни циљ аутора био је да свеобухватно реконструише војни сегмент односа између две земље у периоду од доласка Хитлера на власт у Немачкој у јануару 1933. до завршетка краткотрајног Априлског рата 1941. године као и све релевантне факторе од утицаја на ту врсту односа. Тема је обрађена хронолошко- тематским истраживачким приступом. У раду је посебна пажња посвећена немачком утицају на развој професионалне војне организације у ...

This round table aims to take stock of current debates about Belgian memory of World War II by addressing the history of collaboration in Belgium and the role that cultural products, including literary texts and digital resources, have played in the articulation of a memory of the past. The round table opens the international conference ‘Complicities in the Second World War: Literature of Occupation, Collaboration, and Impure Resistance’, which takes place in Ghent on 4 and 5 October. For more information visit www.literatureofoccupation.ugent.be and https://www.cmsi.ugent.be/round-table-history-and-memory-of-world-war-ii-occupation-in-belgium/.

Albert Bereczky, the pastor of the Reformed Congregation on Pozsonyi Street (Budapest), joined the anti-German resistance after the German invasion of Hungary on 19 March 1944 and became one of its most committed activists. His friendship with Zoltán Tildy, President of the Smallholders Party, led Bereczky into the resistance movement, and he helped him to organize one of the main bodies of the movement, the Hungarian Front. Miklós Mester, State Secretary at the Ministry of Religion and Public Education, and Ottó Komoly, President of the Hungarian Zionist Federation, also became important associates. It is mainly in the light of the memoirs and diaries of the latter two that our study gives an insight into Bereczky’s multifaceted and varied activities, the main elements of which were liaising between different resistance groups and hiding those who had been persecuted on racial or political grounds. Bereczky also played a major role in the Reformed Church in Hungary’s outreach to Jews, for example, in organizing the ultimately unsuccessful public church protest against the deportations.

Keywords: Albert Bereczky, Holocaust, German occupation of Hungary (1944–45), anti-German resistance movement, Zoltán Tildy, rescue of Jews

RADU TUDORANCEA * Evenimentul reprezentat de atacarea Legaţiei SUA la Bucureşti, pe 19 aprilie 1961, a rămas unul prea puţin cunoscut, deşi aparţine unei perioade care corespunde, pe fond, unei reale îmbunătăţiri a relaţiilor româno-americane, faţă de tensiunile din epoca anterioară. Sfârşitul anilor '50 şi începutul anilor '60 marcaseră, aşadar, o oarecare revitalizare a relaţiilor româno-americane, dacă ar fi să menţionăm semnarea acordului financiar bilateral care reglementa chestiunea pretenţiilor financiare existente între cele două ţări (30 martie 1960) şi asumarea unei declaraţii comune cu privire la dezvoltarea relaţiilor comerciale bilaterale. Finalul anului 1960 (9 decembrie) înregistra o altă premieră, anume semnarea la Washington a primului program cultural româno-american postbelic, sub titlul Memorandum of Understanding, care avea drept obiective coordonarea unor acţiuni comune în sfera educaţiei şi cercetării. Acordul cultural era cu atât mai important cu cât se constituia în primul program de acest tip încheiat între SUA şi o ţară comunistă din Europa de Răsărit, după război 1. De altfel, chiar şi retorica generală anti-occidentală şi accentele profund antiamericane, atât de prezente în presa românească în perioada anterioară, începuseră să se diminueze în intensitate, chiar dacă nu dispăruseră cu totul. În fruntea Legaţiei SUA de la Bucureşti se afla, în calitate de însărcinat cu afaceri ad interim, unul dintre experţii Departamentului de Stat în probleme est-europene, Frederick T. Merrill. Preocupările principale, analizele şi proiecţiile personalului misiunii americane de la Bucureşti în primăvara anului 1961 aveau legătură cu evoluţiile noului guvern al României, dar mai ales cu personalitatea şi activitatea anterioară ale lui Ion Gheorghe Maurer şi ale noului ministru de Externe, Corneliu Mănescu, ambii aflaţi în centrul unor ample evaluări elaborate de Bureau of Intelligence and Research al Departamentului de Stat 2 .

On August 6, 2020, it was 75 years ago that the Americans dropped their first atomic bomb on the inhabitants of the Japanese city of Hiroshima. For a long time it was generally believed that this bomb ended World War II. Those who would like nuclear bombs to be used again in future wars have an interest in maintaining this view of events. Even now that much more has become known about the historical events.

It is rare to find explicit analyses of factors that influenced the soldiers’ experience of war. This article explores the extent to which British and Anzac combatants had agency during the Gallipoli campaign of 1915-16. It argues that, while not wholly absent, the agency of individuals was severely limited by external factors, major and minor. The underestimation of the Ottoman defenders by British strategic decision- makers led to the dispatch of a force to the Dardanelles that was inadequate for the task. This shaped the soldiers’ experience in a number of ways, not least in that the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force was poorly prepared and equipped for the trench warfare campaign that ensued. In this article, some of the most important factors that influenced the experience of British Empire combatants are examined in detail, including the effect of climate and terrain; sanitation and medical support; rations; and the development of trench warfare. Gallipoli was moulded by facto...

En raison de leur nature insulaire et de leur expérience des conflits asymétriques auxquels ils furent confrontés dans la cadre de leur empire colonial, les Britanniques perçurent assez tôt l’émergence de nouvelles formes de guerre irrégulières qui allaient être amenées à se multiplier. Ils décidèrent donc d’abord de les étudier, et ensuite, de voir s’il était possible d’en tirer des applications à leur profit. La Seconde Guerre mondiale allait rapidement leur donner l’occasion de mettre en œuvre les enseignements qu’ils en tirèrent, à travers le développement simultané des commandos – rattachés au Haut commandement militaire – et des unités d’action clandestines – relevant des services spéciaux.

Au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le renseignement connaît un développement sans précédent, et ses progrès sont encore plus marqués qu’entre 1914 et 19181 et il entre véritablement dans son ère moderne. Ses méthodes se diversifient pour s’adapter au défi d’une guerre totale se déroulant sur tous les continents et les océans, et les services s’étoffent afin de tirer parti des innovations techniques, notamment dans le domaine des interceptions et du déchiffrement.

Боровець І. І. Перша Словацька республіка та Третє Болгарське царство (1939-1944 рр.). Автор статті простежив напрямки словацько-болгарських міждержавних відносин у роки Другої світової війни в дипломатичній, політичній, економічній та культурно-освітній сферах, порівняв статусу країн як союзників нацистської Німеччини. Розкрито тісні контакти болгарського монаршого дому зі Словаччиною. Ключові слова: словацько-болгарські відносини; дипломатія; сателіт; Кобурги; торгівля; освіта. Боровец И. И. Первая Словацкая республика и Третье Болгарское царство (1939-1944 гг.). Автор статьи проследил направления словацко-болгарских межгосударственных отношений в годы Второй мировой войны в дипломатической, политической, экономической и культурно-образовательной сферах, сравнил статус стран как союзников нацистской Германии. Раскрыты тесные контакты болгарского монаршего дома со Словакией. Ключевые слова: словацко-болгарские отношения; дипломатия; сателлит; Кобурги; торговля; образование. Borovec I. I. Тhe First Slovak Republic and the Third Bulgarian Kingdom (1939-1944). The author of the article traced directions of the Slovak-Bulgarian intergovernmental relations in the years of Second world war in diplomatic, political, economic, and cultural and educational spheres, compared status of the countries as allies of Nazi Germany. The close contacts of the Bulgarian monarchy with Slovakia are revealed.

JUDGING CRIMES OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR PERIOD BY THE SPECIAL CRIMINAL COURT IN KATOWICE 1945–1946
The book presents the activity of the Special Criminal Court in Katowice in the years 1945-1946. It describes its organisation, staffing, legal basis, and, above all, the mechanism and ‘kitchen’ of the process of punishing criminals accused under the so-called August Decree. It presents the course of the conducted cases from the notification of the commission of a crime to the issuing of a verdict, possible appeal against it, until its execution. The book attempts to answer the question of what the process of punishing wartime crimes looked like at a politically unfavourable time, under conditions of legal chaos, mass population migration, simultaneous national settlements, political and armed struggle and terror. The author examines whether in such realities it was possible to carry out the process of post-occupation settlements efficiently and fairly; whether the Katowice Special Criminal Court had its own peculiarities, distinguishing it from other courts of this type operating in the country; and whether the August Decree was an effective and adequate tool for punishing perpetrators of occupation crimes in Upper Silesia.

Essendo stato per 55 anni attivo Collaboratore degli Uffici Storici della Marina e dell’Aeronautica, e ancora oggi apolitico, ho scritto questo saggio, a 80 anni dalla fine del fascismo. Lo scopo e quello di fornire la conoscenza, nel campo marittimo, quale sia stato alla nostra ultima guerra il contributo dei mezzi d’assalto della X Flottiglia MAS della Regia Marina nel corso della seconda guerra mondiale. In una trasmissione televisiva, ad una richiesta del conduttore, un famoso giornalista, che evidentemente stava trattando con grande animosità politica un argomento che non conosceva, esclamò: ”Ma insomma cosa hanno fatto questi della X Mas”, nessuno  degli “esperti”, che partecipavano alla trasmissione sull’argomento, considerato fascista e quindi trattato con disgusto, ha saputo rispondergli. Si sono solo tutti guardati in faccia tacendo! Il motivo di tanto livore nei confronti della X Flottiglia Mas, deriva dal fatto che quasi tutti i suoi componenti dopo l’8 settembre 1943 erano rimasti nell’Italia settentrionale, in particolare a La Spezia, e che per un loro ideale del rispetto dell’alleanza con la Germania oppure,. Avendo famiglia, per necessita finanziaria, avevano accettato di far parte, nella medesima specialità dei mezzi d’assalto, nelle file della Marina della Repubblica Sociale Italiana.

1°)-Présentation Brigitte Bouzonnie : Cet article rédigé par l'historien Jacques Pauwels sur la guerre à l'Est (opération Barbarossa), déclarée le 22 juin 1941 par Hitler, est certainement ce que j'ai lu de mieux sur le sujet. Et j'en ai lu un paquet. J. Pauwels insiste tout particulièrement sur la défaite de la Wermacht devant Moscou à la fin de l'année 1941. Défaite constituant le véritable tournant de la seconde guerre mondiale selon lui. Et non pas suite à la bataille de Stalingrad (juillet 1942-Janvier 1943), comme nous le répétons en toute naïveté. En effet, le 5 décembre 1941, les soviétiques réussissent à lancer une contre offensive en direction de l'armée allemande, épuisée par six mois de guerre intense. C'est le début de la fin pour la Wermacht…. 2°)-Article Jacques Pauwels : Une guerrre contre l'Union soviétique était ce que Hitler avait voulu depuis le début. Il l'avait déjà dit très clairement dans les pages de Mein Kampf, écrit au milieu des années 1920. Comme l'historien allemand Rolf-Dieter Müller l'a démontré de manière convaincante dans une étude bien documentée, c'était une guerre contre l'Union soviétique, et non contre la Pologne, la France ou la Grande-Bretagne, que Hitler prévoyait de déclencher en 1939. Le 11 août de la même année, Hitler expliqua à Carl J. Burckhardt, un responsable de la Société des Nations, que « tout ce qu'il entreprenait était dirigé contre la Russie », et que « si l'Occident [c'est-à-dire les Français et les Britanniques] était trop stupide et trop aveugle pour comprendre cela, il serait obligé de parvenir à un accord avec les Russes, se retourner et vaincre l'Occident, puis revenir en arrière de toutes ses forces pour frapper un coup contre l'Union soviétique ». C'est en fait ce qui s'est passé. L'Occident s'est avéré « trop stupide et aveugle », comme Hitler le voyait, pour lui donner « les mains libres » à l'Est, alors il a conclu un accord avec Moscou-le tristement célèbre « Pacte Hitler-Staline »-puis a déclenché la guerre contre la

The Second World War was a global conflict that took place from 1939 to 1945, with its origins been traced back to the aftermath of World War I (1914-1918) and the treaties and conditions imposed upon defeated nations. World War II was the biggest and deadliest war in history, involving more than 30 countries, claiming the lives of over 50 million people. Despite the fact that the conflict spread across the globe, the majority of the actors made collective efforts to put an end to the Axis Powers' aggression; Germany, Italy, and Japan. The conflict divided nations into two major alliances. The Allies, led by Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and later the United States, sought to defeat the Axis Powers, consisting of Germany, Italy, and Japan. The war engulfed regions across the globe, including Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. Although officially allies, Germany and Japan had very different motivations and goals, and their level of collaboration was mostly focused on diverting the attention of each other's adversaries rather than achieving any specific shared objectives.

In questi giorni ricorre l'anniversario 80 della morte di Antonio-Antonuccio-Caravaggio, giovane brindisino, ufficiale pilota della Regia Aeronautica, pluridecorato, caduto in combattimento a soli 24 anni l'8 novembre del 1942 sul fronte libico-egiziano della seconda guerra mondiale. Antonuccio lasciò a Brindisi la giovane moglie veneta, Palmina Meo in attesa di Piero, che non avrebbe conosciuto il suo padre Eroe, cui non avrebbe mai tralasciato un solo giorno di pensare ed onorare. Antonio Caravaggio, un concittadino di cui andare fieri, un giovane che sacrificò la propria vita servendo il suoil nostro-Paese, con l'entusiasmo la destrezza e il coraggio propri di quegli eroi che tutti dovremmo onorare e, con orgoglio, mai dimenticare. Iniziando quel tragico novembre del '42, in Nordafrica le forze dell'8 a Armata britannica comandate dal generale Bernard Montgomery, dopo mesi di cruenti combattimenti avevano sconfitto le forze dell'Asse comandate dal generale Erwin Rommel nella battaglia di El Alamein in Egitto dove, già addentratisi ben oltre il confine libico e malgrado la povertà degli armamenti e la soverchiante superiorità militare britannica, i soldati italiani della Folgore avevano scritto una delle pagine di guerra più eroiche della loro storia, arrendendosi solo il 6 novembre senza aver mai alzato la bandiera bianca agli inglesi e ricevendo da quei potenti nemici l'onore delle armi. Anche per l'italiana Regia Aeronautica di base a Tobruk in Libia, la situazione era divenuta specialmente drammatica e il giorno 7 novembre, in concomitanza col ripiegamento delle forze residue dell'Asse dal Fronte egiziano, il Tenente pilota Antonio Caravaggio e l'Aviere scelto Autiere Benicchio Battista, appartenenti entrambi al 101° Gruppo, furono inviati in missione speciale dal loro comandante, per poter recuperare un indispensabile materiale aeronautico che era stato depositato in prossimità del golfo Sollum, per cui partirono d'immediato con un automezzo SPA33, guidato dall'aviere. Durante il viaggio l'automezzo venne intercettato da aerei britannici e, ripetutamente colpito da mitragliamenti, prese fuoco. Dei due militari italiani non si ebbero più notizie certe e furono pertanto dichiarati "dispersi" nella speranza che fossero caduti prigionieri del nemico. Purtroppo, i seguenti accertamenti svelarono che entrambi i due aviatori erano periti: ritrovati gravemente feriti in prossimità del loro automezzo distrutto, erano stati trasportati all'Ospedale da Campo 469 P.M.220, dislocato presso El Adem, l'ultimo aeroporto italiano nel golfo di Sollum, dove giunsero senza vita, e l'8 novembre 1942 le salme vennero tumulate nel Cimitero di guerra di Bardia Alta, in Sollum, Tobruk, Cirenaica, Libia, zona confinaria con l'Egitto. [Colonnello Fernando Anaclerio] Al giovane pilota brindisino così scomparso in guerra, Sottotenente Antonio Caravaggio fu poi conferitacon Decreto del Capo Provvisorio dello Stato del 5 maggio 1948la Medaglia d'Argento al Valor Militare alla Memoria, con la motivazione seguente: "Provato e capace pilota, si distingueva per coraggio ed ardimento in un nuovo ciclo operativo portando la sua precisa offesa, con volo a tuffo, su munite basi nemiche. Nel corso di una violenta battaglia, nel tentativo di condurre a termine una missione in terra, veniva colpito a morte da mitragliamento aereo." Cielo dell'Egitto, 1° luglio-8 Novembre del 1942.

Nel momento in cui in Italia,  a causa di una X, da parte di certi elementi di una  parte politica (con professori di Storia e giornalisti della stampa e della televisione praticamente ignoranti), si é scatenato un putiferio, nessuno a difeso come si deve  gli eroi della Regia Marina, facenti parte della X Flottiglia Mas. Questo mio articolo, tratta in modo esaustivo la prima azione di guerra della X Mas, e ritengo che coloro che lo avranno letto, se non hanno compreso il significato dell'eroica impresa, dovrebbero cambiare mestiere.

The properties and numerical characteristics for a modern war of attrition are described. Eight principles for victory are given: "readiness for total mobilization and horrific losses", "readiness for total destruction", "defense is first of all", "territories do not matter", "a combat-ready soldier is the basis of victory", "minimizing their losses", "emphasis on firepower","small arms are bad, artillery is acceptable, aerial bombs are good". Two victorious strategies in a war of attrition have been developed.