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    Performance of Protective Relaying

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    adau
    This document discusses protective relaying for transmission lines. It describes that relays must distinguish between stable power swings and faults, operate only when needed, and do so quickly while coordinating with other relays. It discusses overcurrent and distance relaying, with distance relaying providing better discrimination between load and faults through impedance measurement. Distance relays use a three zone approach for primary line protection with zone 1 reaching 80% of the line and zone 2 reaching 120% of the line, both operating instantly or within 0.3-0.5 seconds.

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    Performance of Protective Relaying

    Uploaded by

    adau
    51 views6 pages
    This document discusses protective relaying for transmission lines. It describes that relays must distinguish between stable power swings and faults, operate only when needed, and do so quickly while coordinating with other relays. It discusses overcurrent and distance relaying, with distance relaying providing better discrimination between load and faults through impedance measurement. Distance relays use a three zone approach for primary line protection with zone 1 reaching 80% of the line and zone 2 reaching 120% of the line, both operating instantly or within 0.3-0.5 seconds.

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    Eelctrical

    Original Title

    TSA6

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document discusses protective relaying for transmission lines. It describes that relays must distinguish between stable power swings and faults, operate only when needed, and do so quickly while coordinating with other relays. It discusses overcurrent and distance relaying, with distance relaying providing better discrimination between load and faults through impedance measurement. Distance relays use a three zone approach for primary line protection with zone 1 reaching 80% of the line and zone 2 reaching 120% of the line, both operating instantly or within 0.3-0.5 seconds.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views6 pages

    Performance of Protective Relaying

    Uploaded by

    adau
    This document discusses protective relaying for transmission lines. It describes that relays must distinguish between stable power swings and faults, operate only when needed, and do so quickly while coordinating with other relays. It discusses overcurrent and distance relaying, with distance relaying providing better discrimination between load and faults through impedance measurement. Distance relays use a three zone approach for primary line protection with zone 1 reaching 80% of the line and zone 2 reaching 120% of the line, both operating instantly or within 0.3-0.5 seconds.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    6.

    Performance of Protective Relaying


    Monitor, detect abnormal conditions, select breakers to be opened, and energize trip circuits Three requirements: selectivity, speed, and reliability
    distinguish between stable swings and out-of-step operate when needed and only when needed operate sufficiently fast coordinate with other relays

    Function of certain relays essential to ensure transient stability Special relaying may be used to separate systems Mostly interested in transmission line protection

    Transmission Line Protection


    Factors Type of circuit: single line; parallel line, multi-terminal, magnitude of fault current infeeds, etc. Function of line, its effect on service continuity, speed with which fault has to be cleared Coordination and matching requirements

    (a) Overcurrent Relaying


    Simplest and cheapest form of line protection Two basic forms: instantaneous overcurrent relay and time overcurrent relay Difficult to apply where coordination, selectivity, and speed are important
    changes to their settings are usually required as system configuration changes cannot discriminate between load and fault

    (b) Distance Relaying


    Responds to a ratio of measured voltage to measured current Impedance is a measure of distance along the line Relatively better discrimination and selectivity, by limiting relay operation to a certain range of the impedance Types
    impedance relay reactance relay

    Fig. 13.28 Distance relay characteristics displayed on a coordinate system with resistance (R) as the abscissa, and reactance (X) as the ordinate

    Fig. 13.29 Distance relay characteristic

    Three zone approach: Zone 1 primary protection for protected line


    80% reach and instantaneous

    Zone 2 primary protection for protected line


    120% reach and timed (0.3 - 0.5 s)

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