Marunna Manasukal Maalinyamakalunna Theruvukal

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Drawing by Laurie Baker
marunna manassukal
malinyamakalunna theruvukal
alappuzha nagaram vrithiyakunnu
t m thomas isaac
m gopakumar
first edition
september 2014
typesetting & published

chintha publishers, thiruvananthapuram
printed
akshara offset, thiruvananthapuram
cover
rajesh
price
rupees one hundred and seventy only
Rights reserved
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tZim`nam\n _pv lukv
H O Xncph\]pcw695 035
phone: 0471-2303026, 6063026
www.chinthapublishers.com
chinthapublishers@gmail.com
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klmbIamsWv Bepgbnse A\p`hw hyampp.
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amen\y kwkvcW {]h\ ]ebnSfnepw kwL
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11
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epaphsc Cu _lpP\aptns `mKampw. hnZymn
Ifpw bphP\fpw Poh\mcpw Aym]Icpw sXmgnemfnIfpw
cwKndWw. AhchcpsS ]cnkcw ipNnbmbn ]cn]menpw
F ZrV\nbtmsS Fmhcpw cwKndnbmte \apv
eyw t\Sm\mhq.
amen\yw Dbp BtcmKy {]iv\ hnhn[ {]tZi
fnepmb kw`hfpsS ]men Cu ]pkvXIw hniZo
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p Aew`mhw kaqlsbmsI Fs\ _m[npp Fpw
hy am p pv . hnhn[ cmPy fnse amen\y \nm\
{]h\sf kw_n kqN\Ifpapv. CXns ]me
n Bepgbnse amen\y {]iv\w AhXcnnpIbpw sNp
p v . Be p g bpsS khn ti jX IW n se Spv amen \y
\nm\ {]h\ kwLSnn coXn efnXambpw AtX
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nepw Ah X cn n n p v . CXn eqsS Hmtcm {]tZinsbpw
tijn bpw {]tXyIXbpw a\kn emn X\Xv ]cn ]m Sn I
BhnjvIcnpXn\v Cu ]pkvXIw Gsd klmbIcamWv.
XfpsS Imgv NmS\pkcnv ]XnI cq]sSppIbpw
Ah {]mtbmKnIXen sImphcptm A\p`hntnh
_pnappItfbpw Cu ]pkvXIw hniZoIcnpp. A\p`hfpsS
]m e n X fpsS Imgv N m Sp Isf \ho I cn p sImv
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XtbmsS {]iv\fn CSs]SpXn ImWn coXnbpw amXrIm
]camWv. \mSns hnIk\ {]h\w aptmpsImpt]mIp
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hniZoIcnm Xmdmb teJIpw Bepgbnse ipNnXz ]cn
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ipNnXz ]cn]me\n\mbp P\Iob aptn\v ASnm\
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05.09.2014
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AhcpsS nXnbpw CXpXsbmbncpp. AhcpsS
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h' F kn\na. amen\yw kw`cnpIbpw Ibn
Ab p Ibpw sNp h F \ne bn \nv
kwkvcW tI{fnse sSIv\ojyamcmbn Be
pgbnse ipNoIcWsXmgnemfnIsf amm\mWv \n
e`h\w \ne \Kcw ]Xn {ianpXv.
"t]cdnbmhcpsS' A[zm\n\p apn Cu
]pkvXIw kanpp.
kaWw
Bepgbnse aqv Xeapd tXmnIfpsS IY ]dbp XIgn
inhicnbpsS tXmnbpsS aI F t\mh ]pdnd
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bn shv aI NpSe apphn\v Xs ]Wnbmbp[fmb
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\inpw. Cu henbhmscmw aqp s]mnsm
tmSpw ]t, tXmnsb krnm Ahbv
dnbmw...
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s\bpw ImWWw. XSnpsImgpv Fmw NnXep
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hrnbmpIbmWv. NpSe XpSp: ""CsXmw
a\pjycm hmtcsXv Hmbn Iqkn
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hSnthep tNmZnp: ""a\pjycm hmtcsXpshv
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Iam\w Xnnv Iqkv hrntISmov tXmosS
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n ]dbm\pmbncpq: ""XnWsatbpq
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(XIgn, tXmnbpsS aI)
1
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F{X XeapdI ISp t]mbncnWw? tXmn PohnXw Dt]n
m NpSeapp Xocpam\np. tXmnWn Dt]nv iv aim\
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Ip ]t, ]Ws {Kkn tImfd NpSeapphn s\
IhtXmsS kvIq Ipnbmb taml\\pw tXmnWnndtn
hp. Fmw hn[nsbp IcpXn kln ap\n \npw
bmYmyn \nv HfntmSm {ianv IcnmenWnbv p
t]mb A\n \npw hyXykvX\mbn, hn[ntbbpw bmYmy
sbpw amm shp BepgbpsS ]pXnb XeapdbpsS
{]Xn\n[nbmbn taml\ amdpp.
tXmnIfpsS \cIXpey PohnXs ]bmbn hcp Imnb
XIgnbpsS t\mh kmlnXynepw tIcf kaqlnepw henb
tImfnfw krnp. cv ]Xnmn\pn tXmnWn tIcf
n \npw A{]Xyambn. 2013 emWv tXmnWn kqambn
\ntcm[npsImp \nbaw ]esav ]mmnbsXtmWw.
\Kcns hrnbpsSbpw shSnntbpw adp]pdambncpp
tXmnIfpsS \cIPohnXw. Cu \cIns Bm\w XIgn hnh
cnp BepgWns ss\v tkmbn Untmbmbncpp.
Chn sSbmWv Cin apphn s\ Ipgn n Xv . aew am{ Xa
\Kcn\p thmsXmw sImphncnpXv ChntS
bv mbncpp. Cu ss\v tkmbn Untm Ccp eamWv
Cs ktmZb]pcw; \Kcns amen\y Gphmm
hn [n s { Kma{ ]tZiw. Chn Ss Ccp]tXmfw G
ew ap\nknmenn ]stm hmnbXmWv. (ktmZb]pcw
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aew UntmsXncmb kacns kv acWI Abhnd
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pXv. Hma\n F t]cn Adnbsncp sI Sn entbm
]n amcmcnpfs IuXpIIchpw X\nabmXpamb hyn
Xzambncpp. Bepg hgn sdbnmX thWsa Hbn\ am\n
s^tmbpambn sskn Nnn Atlw ncw kzX{
m\mnbmbncpp. AhnhmlnX\pw [\mVy\pambncp
entbm ]n sNnmSv Bip]{Xnt]mep m]\v
kuP\yambn `qan Zm\w sNbv Xp. ImSp t]mse h acfm
\n_nUamb Atlns ]dpImWptm Icpdns
ssPhsshhnyspdnv ]TnWsan ChnsS \npw
15
Bcw`nWsav Rfn Nne ]dbmdpmbncpp.
1953 BKkvXv 15\mWv entbm ]nbpsS t\XrXzn
amcmcnpfw sXv ]mbns BZy `cWkanXn \nehn
hXv. ]pXnb `cWkanXn m\tanv BZyw e`n ]cmXn Bdmw
hmUv sa hn F hokpw ehmknIfpw tNv \Inb
òa lPnbmWv. AhcpsS Bhiyw Bepg \Kck`bpsS aew
Untm ASnbcambn amn m]nWsaXmbncpp.
aew Untm hnX ZpcnXsfpdnv entbm ]nbpsS
hnhcWw Cs\bmbncpp:
henb Ie hq A e n\p ]Sn mdv GXm\pw G
ev Bepg ap\nknmenn m]nXmWv hnhmZ hnj
bamb aew Untm. \Kcnse aehpw Npw Nhdpw A\mY
t{]Xfpw ChnsSbmWv \nt]nncpXv. AhnsS Hcp ae
kmKcw Xs cq]saSpp. sNmcnaW {]tZiw ImSmbn
amdn. AhnsS\np hanp AXncqamb ZpKw \mp
Imsc s]mdpXnapnp.
amen\yfn s]mSnp hf sIm sNnI sXp
I B{Ianp \innp Xgp hf Imn tabms\
p IpImenI ]eXv aekmKcn \n]Xnv Nn
p v . aXntem thentbm HpanmsX Xpd m bn n S
CXnte kcn Ien IhSmcnbmb Hcp kv{Xobpw
CXn hoWp acnpt]mbt{X! ihw tXSn Fp ]nIfpw
CXn hogmdpv. csSp ]nI \mSmsI ZpKw
]cpIbpw hoSpIfn Fn Akl\obamb ieyw Dm
pIbpw sNbvXncpp. hjImev ChnSw s]mnsbmgpIn
Ab{]tZifnse tXmSpIfpw Ipffpw aen\amnbn
cpp. Xqew \mpIm IpSn\o InmsX hnjannpv.
ktmZb]pcw amen\yUntmbn aehpw NpNhdpIfpw
am{Xa A\mYt{]Xsfbpw Xnbncpp. Cu {]tZis P\
Po hn X ns kakv X taJ e I fnepw Cu amen \y Untm
F{Xam{Xw ZpcnXw hnXncppshv Cu HmpdnpIfn hy
amWv. Icpds IpSpw_fpsS {][m\ D]hcpam\amambn
cpp hophfnse GXm\pw sXpI. sIm sNnIfpsS
B{IaWw aqew Ahbvpmb \miw apX amen\yw Iev
IpSnshw apnbXphsc \nXyPohnXnse hnhcWmXoXamb
ZpcnX. Cs\ s]mdpXn apnbmWv aewUntm amWsa
Bhiyhpambn P\ ]mbv kanXnsb kao]npXv.
16
Cmev Cu {]tZisamw sImw PnbpsS `mKambncpp.
sImw Pnm hnIk\ kanXn (Un Un kn) bn {]iv\w AhXcn
nssnepw ]cnlmcapmbn. XpSv 1957 Bepg Pn
cq]oIcnsXn\ptijw Bepg Un Un knbn aew Untm
kPoh Nbmbn. AXns\ XpSv Pnm slv Hmôksd
At\z jWn\mbn \ntbm Kn p. CXn \n S bn ]m bv
ssltmSXnbn dnv lPn kao]np. Cu Ln aew Untm
bn knhtdPv mv m]nm \Kck` Xocpam\np. aZncmin
bnse Hcp I\nbpambpmnb DSSn tcJ \Kck` ssltm
SXnbn lmPcmn. Hcp hjn\Iw Cu mv {]h\w
Bcw`np. CXmbncpp ktmZb]pcv \Snemnb BZys
B[p\nI kwkvcW kwhn[m\w.
kn hsdPv m v A[n I\m { ]hn tn hn .
tXmnWn ]Xnsb A{]Xyambn. \Kcnse hoSpIfn ]m
IqkpIfpsS m\v Ipgn IqkpIfpw sk]v SnIv Smv
IqkpIfpw hp. XIgn hnhcn tXmn PohnXw Ahkm\np.
_pw anbpambn cmhnse IqkpI tXmdpw Ibdnbndn,
aew tImcn _nemn, AXp \ndbptm hgnbcnIn
shnp IpnIfntev ]Iv , B IpnI ]p aWns
p ss\v tkmbn temdnbntev Ibnbncp tXmnIsf
]gamv am{Xta Hmbpq. ]t, ktmZb]pcns
im]w XpSp. aew Hgnhmsbnepw av \Kcamen\y
Xm\p CSambn Untm amdn. \Kcn \np amen\y
ns Afhv IqSnhp. AtXkabw Cu {]tZis tXmn
IfpsS tImf\n \Kcntep amn. `qclnXcmb ]mh
ktmZb]pctv IpSnIbdn. HcpImev P\hmkanmXncp
{]tZi P\\n_nVambn. CtXmsS ktmZb]pcs amen\y
{]Xnkn AXnKpcpXcamb Hcp kmaqly cm{ob {]iv \ambn
cq]mcsp.
{]XnZn\w 40 50 S XcwXncnm \Kcamen\yfmWv
kao]Imev ktmZb]pctv FnsmncpXv. CXp
Ipanp IqSnbtXmsS GsXnepw Xcnep kwkv cWw
Akmyambn. ]s kzothPv mpt]mse ]pXnsbmcp
Jcamen\y kwkvcW mv m]nv {]iv\w ]cnlcnm\p
apknmennbpsS {iahpw ]cmPbsp. hjImev amen\yq
mcn \nv Hensp aen\Pew InWdpIsfbpw ap Pe
t{kmXkpIsfbpw hnjabamn. IoS s]cpIn. ZpKw aqew
kao]hmknIv Xmaknm ]msXbmbn. XzIv tcmK
km{XnIambn. kao]hmknI kmaqlyambpw Hsp XpSn.
17
]ehoSpIfn sebpw IeymWt]mepw apSn . CtXmsS
{]Xntj[fpw kacfpw Dbphp. 2012 se Imehj
mev klnsI P\ ktmZb]pcn\v D]tcm[ta
sSpn.
\Kcn\pn ]pdtmpIfnepw Hgn efnep
samw \Kck` amen\y IpgnpaqSn. ]t, F{X\m Cs\
IpgnpaqSpw? AXpw \mgn Ipgnm shw ImWp \mn.
A\nhmcyambXp kw`hnp. \Kcscpthmcfnsemw mnIv
Inn sInb amen\yw IpanpIqSn. agsbnbtXmsS \Kcw
Nop\mdm XpSn.
tamamw tXSn
FmWp ]cn lmcw? FpIn pw ktmZb]pcn \v
im]tamw? ktmZb]pcns tamw \Kcn\v im]ambn
amdptam? \nehnep mp hn]peoIcnv \mbn \Smsav
A[nIrX ]dpt\mn. ]t, ktmZb]pcpImv
]pXnb ktXfntem apknmennbpsS Imcy{]m]v Xnbntem
hnizmkapmbncpn. CXmWv Hcp \qmns A\p`hw.
\Kcamen\yw Atmpth FXmbn ap{ZmhmIyw. hnfn
imebnepw emeqcpw sRfnb]dnepsamw {]tZihmknIfpsS
hnImcw HpXs. Atm FmWp sNm\mhpI?
R I Dcw efnXamWv . HcpImev ktmZb
]pcns im]ambncp aewUntm CshnsS? \Kcn
HmtcmcpcpsSbpw hons. AXp hjw app aebm
fnI Iqknembncpn aeaq{X hnk\n\p t]mbncp
Xv. "shfnndpI'bmbncpp. ]noSv IqkpI hp. BZyw
]dns GsXnepw aqebn. ]noSv hoSn\p ]n]pdv. Ctm
Iqkv InSpapdnbpsS DnemWv. ]{Xmknsbpw ]Innsbpw
ASbmffmbn B[p\nI tSmbv se pI amdn. a\pjyaew
hon\pns kwkvcnpp. Ac\qmn\pn \psS
{]IrXn h amw F{X hepXmWv.
FpsImv Iqkv amen\yw t]mse \psS ASpf
amen\yhpw DdhnSn kwkv cnpIqSm. Iqkv amen\yw
hon\pn kwkv cnmsan Fn\v ASpf amen\yw
hensdnbWw? hons AXp kwkvcnpIqtS?.
Cu efnXamb tNmZyamWv \ne `h\w, \ne \Kcw
]Xn \KchmknItfmSpbnbXv . \Kcw amen\y apamm
\p ]Xn DNnXamb kmtXnIhnZybpsS XncsSpp
kw_n Hcp {]iv\w am{Xa. a\pjya\nemWv BZyw amw
18
thXv . "shfnndp' {]IrXn amw hXpt]mse.
AXpsImmWv km[mcWKXnbn \Kck`bpsS {]h\ambn
\St ipNoIcW{]h\n\p]cnbmbn P\tfmSv t\cnp
kwhZnp \ne `h\w, \ne \Kcw ]Xnbv p cq]w
\InbXv . ktmZb]pcn\p am{Xa, \Kcn\pw im]
tamw \Im\mWo ]Xn.
Ign cp hjambn Bepgbn \Sp ipNnXz
Imbn\ns Hcp eLphnhcWamWv Cu {Kw. cp hjw
sImv \Kcns at\m`mhnh amw hfsc hepXmWv.
hensdnbp ioew ]qambn amdnbnn. tXmSpIfpw HmSIfpw
hrnbmWw. lukv t_mpI henb XethZ\bmbn XpScpp.
B[p\nI kzothPv k{Zmbw thXpv. Cs\ ]eXpw. ]t,
Rpdpv , ASp th\meamIptmtgpw amen\y
ap\Kcambn Bepg amdnbncnpw. amen\y kwkv cW
n\p]tbmKn ktX, Chbvmbn \Snb {]NcW]cn]m
SnI, ]pXpXmbn GsSpm t]mIp {]hrnI XpSnbh
sbmw Ignbp{X kmtXnIXzw Hgnhmn RfnhnsS {]Xn]m
ZnpIbmWv . 2010 emWv Cy bqWnb {]knU v {]Xn`m
]mo ipNnXztIcf eyns {]Jym]\w \SnbXv .
AXn\mbp bn BepgbpsS A\p`h klmbIc
amIpw Fp Rpdpv.
19
sXmgnet\zjnv Bepgbnsen sXmgnemfn t\Xmhmbn
amdnb sI kn tKmhns HmIpdnpIfn (A{]IminXw)
Bepgsbpdnp {]Xn]mZ\amWv apIfnepcnXv. 1920
sI kn tKmhn \S hgnbneqsS Ctm \Sp Hcm
ImWp Nn{Xsambncnpw? ASpInSp ]mnIime
Ifpw, Rcn aqfn \op s]mXptaJem Ib m]\fpw,
HgpSv If \ndv InSp I\mepIfpw. {]uVamb
]gbImens XI tijnpIfmWh. Nne tlmwtIfpw
BepgbpsS aqmw Pw
""1096 (1920) aIcamkn sImp\npw
t_mn ]pdsv Bepg t_mpsPnbnendn.
tXmns adpIcbn tdmUn\pdambn \ofap
Hcp cp\ne sInSw ImWpIbpmbn. ]otbgvkv
sen Fpt]cp Hcp bqtdm]y I\nbmbn
cpp AXv. GXmv Bbncntesd sXmgnem
fnI AhnsS ]WnsbSpncp hensbmcp Ib
I\nbmbncpp AXv. HmSn ISI A[nIhpw
H\ne sInSfmbncpp.... ^mIvSdnpw Itcn
pw kao]w \mb tlm, {_mWm tlm,
t]mn tlm Fns\ t_mUpI Xqnbn
cpp. Chbn Cughv {]thi\anmbncpp.
NmnsnsbSp ev Ccp p thWw
Cugh DutWm Imntbm IgntXv. Ccnm
Xdbn ]eIbnncnpw. {InkvXym\nIfpsSbpw
apofpsSbpw tlmepIfn FhnsSbncppw
Blmcw Ignm kzmX{yapmbncpp.
cmhnse t_mp sPnbn \nv Ccpp]men\p
sXphiw ImbwIpfw \oeIWvT Fbmfns
tlmen ssIhiapm bncp km[\
kqnmt\ev n tijw tPmenbt\zjnv
ISIfpw I\nIfpw tXmdpw \Sp. tXmSns
IcbneqsS KpPdmnIfpsS I\nI hsc \Sp.
]noSv adpIcbneqsS Xncnv t_mpsPnbntepw.
sImhpw ]p\eqcpsamw Rm Inpsnepw
BepgbpsS {]uVn thsdmp Xs.''
(sI kn tKmhn HmpdnpI
(ssIsbgpptImn)
2
20
Sq/lukv t_mv Hmtdtgv kns HmôkpIfpw ImWmw. ]gb
]e XdhmSpIfpw _wmhpIfpw tlmwtIfmbpw dntkmpI
fmbpw amdnbncnpp.
BepgbpsS hrnbv cc\qmns IYbpv.
tIcfn se CXc \Kcsftmse \n ehn epm bn cp
{Kmatfm Itmftfm hnIknv cq]sX Bepg ]Ww.
ISen\pw Imben\pw aynep Hcp {]tZiw Bkq{XnX
\Kcambn ]WnXpbnbmWv Cu ]Ww cq]sSpnbXv .
I\mepI, XpdapJw, ]mnIimeI, sInS, \ncpI
FnhbpsSsbms \nmWw kqv aamb Hcp Bkq{XW
{]{InbbpsS `mKambncpp. GXmv Im\qmsSp Cu
\nmW {]{Inb ]Xns\mw \qmns Ahkm\ZiIfnem
Wv Bcw`nXv. ChnsS XpSpp, Bepg ]Wns Ncn{Xw.
Ign cc \qmns Ncn{Xs aqp Lfmbn Xncnmw.
aqp P.
hmWnPy XpdapJ \Kcw
XpdapJ\Kcw FXmbncpp BepgbpsS BZyIme
{]uVn. XncphnXmwIqdnse tI{oIrX cmP`cWns hmWnPy
IpI \ne\nm\p ]cn{ians `mKambmWv Bepg
]Whpw XpdapJhpw cq]wsImXv . XncphnXmwIqdns hmWn
PyIpIbvv hnLmXambncpXv sImnbnse Uv B[n]Xy
ambncpp. sImnbmbncpp As {][m\ XpdapJw. Xncphn
XmwIqdns IbpaXnpt]mepw sImnbn UpImv Iw
sImSptnbncpp. sImnbvv sXtmv IepIv t]mIW
sanepw UpImcpsS A\paXn thnbncpp. Cu Ahbvv
AdpXnhcppI XncphnXmwIqdns kmnI eyv
A\nhmcyambncpp. B[p\nI ssk\y kwhn[m\ sbpw
_yqtdm{Ikntbbpw t]mpXn\v hmWnPyIpIbn \np
hcpam\ambncpp B{ibw.
sImhpw ]pdmSpw t]mep ]pcmX\ XpdapJ ]W
fpsS hym]mcn\pta ]mccy{]Imcw UpImmbncpp ta
tmbva. Cu ]WnSbn ]pXnsbmcp XpdapJ]Ww XpS
nbm tad Iogvhgn\p amwhcpmw Fmbncp
p XncphnXmwIqdns KqVeyw. UpIm CXv hIhpsImSp
n. Bepg Xocv \qcanncp Ad_nKpPdmn Iep
Ip t\tc sImnbn \nsnb Uv ]SepI ]ocn
{]tbmKnp. òjWnsSpn sImnv ]nSnpsImpt]mbn. Ip
fn bpn\ptijw UpImcpambn hopsamcp bpn\v
21
IfsamcppIbmtWm Fv CcpIqcpw ktlnp. Ahkm\w
amthencbn hmWv kpZoLamb knkw`mjWw \SXv.
Bepgpw kzX{ {]h\mhImiw e`np. As\ Bepg
XncphnXmwIqdns Hmw \ hmWnPyXpdapJambnop. A
hntSsp hv kcnm Itagvky I\m am{Xw
t]mcmsX hp. As\bmWv Icpdns AXnnbmbn D
mbncp tImbpsS InSv hmS\membn amdnbXv. PqXmcpw
KpPdmnIfpw Iv Imcpw sImnWnIfpw UpImcpw Cwojp
Imcpsamw Bepgbn ]mpdnp.
19mw \qmns BZyZiIfn XncphnXmwIq {_nojv
B[n]Xyn\v Iognembn. ae_mdnteXpt]mse t\cnp
`cWambncpn FnqSn {_nojv dknUns Iognep
cmPhmgv bmbn cpp \n ehn hXv . 19mw \q mn s
Ahkm\ambtmtgpw sImn XpdapJns \hoIcWn\v
{_onjv t\hnbpsS apIn [mcWbmbtXmsS Bepg
XpdapJns `mhn sImnbSbvsp. BepgbpsS hnIk\
n\v NsNbvXpsImncp Acqpnbntep {Smwthbpw
BepgtNe I\mepsamw tImUv tmtdPnembn. hym]mcw
sImnbntev hgnamdn. As\ BepgbpsS Hcp Pw Ahkm
\np. ]ns \Kcns ]p\P\nv ASnd ]mInbXv Ib
hyhkmbns A`nhrnbmbncpp. hmWnPy\Kcn \npw
hyhkmb\Kcambn Bepg cq]mcsp.
hyhkmb XpdapJ \Kcw
1859 Pbnwkv Umdsb sFdojv hwiP\mb Atacn
mc\mWv Bepgbnse BZys Ib ^mIvSdn m]nXv.
sln kvsabn F kmbv]pw UmdtbmsSmw IqSn. As\
Umd kvsabn & I\n cq]sp. 20mw \qmns BZy]mZw
hsc hfsc aKXnbnembncpp Ib hyhkmbns hf.
Fm Hmw temIbpw IgntXmsS Bepg \Kcnse
Ib hyhkmbw hfbpsS Dmbnbnembn. Umdm kvsabn
am{Xa, hnyw KptUdpw ]ntbgvkv senbpw Bkv]nhmfpw
thmmv {_tZgvkpw a[pc I\nbpw t_mws_ I\nbpsamw
XfpsS Ib ^mdnIv Bm\ambn Bepg sXcs
Spp. AXphsc tIcfn \nv Ib bqtdmnepw Atacn
bnepw sImpt]mbn AhnsS Ibp]mbpw XSppw s\pIbmbn
cpp sNbvXphXv. ]pXnb ImeLn Bepgbnse ^m
dnI temIhn]Wnbn acnp aptdm XpSn. BtKmfam
yns Imev hneIpd Ib ]chXm\nIfpsS UnamUv
22
bqtdmn ]e aSv Dbp. Bepgbnse hyhkmbw A`qX
]qhamb ]ptcmKXn ssIhcnp. hntZinI am{Xa, sI kn I
cpWmIc\pw Fw F P\m\]nbpw Fw]b sImb hIv
kns tkphpw t]mep Cymcpw ^mdnI m]np. 1930
Ifnembncpp Cughkpdnbm\n apXemfnamcpsS cwK{]thiw.
Cu hyhkmbapXemfnamcpsS hfv kamcambn GXm
v 50000tmfw Ib ^mdn sXmgnemfnIfpsS hhpw hfp.
C h X n ep G p ap ep I fp sSbpw H p Xo p I fp sSbpw
IYIfntev Cu k`n ISpn. Chcn _lp`qcn]
hpw ]WnsbSpncpXv Bepg ]WnembncpXn\m
\KchevIcWns {]iv\fpw cq]wsImp. A[nIrXv ip
NnXzw Hcp thhemXnbmbn. almamcnI km[mcWmv am{Xa,
taemfmpw ]mfn\psamw òjWnbmbncpp. IepI
hgn ]pXnb tcmK ISphp. Cs\ hnphcp ]ucm
hiysf Xr]v XnsSppXn\v IqSpX ê{]Zamb amw
{]mtZinI `cWkwhn[m\fpmpI FXmsWv {_nojp
Im Xncndnp. CXmbncpp {_nojv Cybn ap\nknmen
nI cq]oIcnXns ]mew.
Su Cw{]qhvsav Innbpw ap\nknmennbpw
1894 emWv Bepgbn Su Cw{]qhvsav Inn cq]oIcn
Xv. apv {_nojv Itagvky GPns NpaXebnepmbncp
km\ntj, BtcmKyw, tdmUv \nmWw, sXcphp hnfp In
Fnh ]pXnb kanXnbn \nn]vXambn. Bepgbnse
Innv Nne khntijXIfpmbncpp. asmbnSpw Unhn
j t]jv ImcpsS {]Xn\n[nbmWv {]knUmbncpsXn
Bepgbn Itagvky GPmbncpp FIvkv H^ntjym {]kn
Uv. 1920 XncphnXmwIqdnse Fm Su Cw{]qhvsav Inn
Ifpw sXcsSps apkn IuknepIfmbn amdn. Su
Cw{]qhvsav InnbpsSbpw ap\nknmennbpsSbpw apJyNpaXe
km\ntj Xsbmbncpp. 189495 Su Cw{]qhv sa v
Innbn Dmbncp 41 Poh\mcn 35 t]cpw ASnpXfn
mcmbncpp.
1895 Adhpimebvpw aoNbvpw ew \nbnp.
1896 tXmn k{Zmbw sImphp. Bepgbn IpSnshw
Hcp {]iv \ambncpp. ]Wm tImbp\nv hn
sImph shamWv D]tbmKnXv. ]W\nhmknIpthn
InWdpIfpw apw IpgnpXv Su Cw{]qhvsav InnbpsSbpw
]noSv apknmennbpsSbpw Hcp {][m\ {]h\ambncpp.
23
Ccp]Xmw \qmns Bcw`nembncpp sXcphphnfpIfpsS
cwK{]thiw.
tKv, tImfd, hkqcn XpSnb ]Ihym[nIfpsS Imem
Wv {]mtZinI `cWpaXemcpsS {]h\w Dmbnbn
embXv. 193536 se XncphnXmwIq AUvan\nkvt{Sj dntmn,
apkn Iukn amv hmUn s]mnpds tKv
t\cnXp kw_nv Hcp eLphnhcWapv: hmUv ]qambpw
Hgnnp. 278 IpSnepIfpw hoSpIfpw Xobnp. FenIsf sImsm
Spn. 44532 t]v Ipnshp \Sn. 26 t]cpsS acWn
Iem in tKv _m[ As\ \nb{Whnt[bamn. Su
Cw{]qhv sa v Inn shmcpsS \nb{Wnembncpp.
Fm XncsSps apkn Iukn k{Zmbw
htXmSpIqSn {]mXn\nyw Bepgbnse \mS hI{]am
Wnammbn Xop.
kzmX{yentbmsS ap\nknmennbpsS `cWw IqSpX P
\mb]cambn. A[nImchpw hnp. ]t BepgbpsS cmw
Pns Ahkm\w XpSpIbmbncpp Fv A[nIamcpw A
mev Xncndnn. Bepgbnse Ib hyhkmbn ta
[mhnw ]penbncp hntZinI Adp]XpIfpsS BZyamb
smtgpw ]nhmn. hyhkmb IbpaXnm tIhew hmWn
PyIbpaXnmcmbn Xop. DmZ\w ]Wn\p shfnbnse
sNdpInS ^mdnIfntev \on. BbncWn\v sXmgnemfnI
]WnsbSpncp ]Wnse ^mdnI Hgnp. hntZit
p IbpaXn Ips\ CSnp. CXv XpdapJs bnnp.
{Ita W Xp d apJ ta Cm Xmbn. A s\ KXIme {]uVnbpsS
tijnpI t]dn \nevp Hcp t{]X`qanbmbn Bepg amdn.
Sqdnkw C\nsbmcp Pw IqSn
]gb XpdapJs ]p\cpohnnpI GXmv Akmy
amWv. ]pXnsbmcp b{hXvIrX Ib ^mdn hyhkmbw hf
phcppv. ]t, AXv Bepg ]Ws tI{oIcnmhn.
]ns Fmbncnpw BepgbpsS hfm t{kmXkv? ChnsS
bmWv Sqdnkns kmyXI ]cntim[nstSXv.
1986 kwm\w kin hntZi hnt\mZbm{XnI AXn
\mbncn Xmsgbmbncpp. 2012 CXv 793696 Bbn Dbp.
CtXImebfhn kwm\w kin B`ycSqdnpIfpsS
Fw 1076854 Bbn Dbp. Bepgbvv tIcfns hnt\mZ
kmc `q]Sn \memastbm Amattbm m\am
WpXv. CtWmanv dnhyphns IWp{]Imcw Sqdnkn
24
\npw kwm\n\v 2012 e`n {]Xyhpw ]tcmhpamb
hcpam\w 20430 tImSn cq]bmWv. hntZi\mWb hcpam\w am{Xw
4571.69 tImSn hcpw. kwm\ B`ychcpam\ns 9% Sqdnkw
taJebpsS kw`mh\bmWv.
]nI 2.1
Bepg kin hnt\mZbm{XnIcpsS Fw
skIv 2009 2010 2011 2012
hntZiSqdnpI 33493 41977 46019 50760
B`ycSqdnpI 164223 183416 199670 211749
BsI 197716 225393 245689 262509
Ahew_w FtWmanIv dnhyq.
Bepg kinp hntZi SqdnpIfpsS Fw aqph
jw sImv 50 iXam\ntesd hnp. B`yc SqdnpIfp
sS Fn GXmv 30 iXam\w h\bpmbn. Fm e
`yamb IWpI {]Imcw hntZiSqdnpIfpsS Ggv iXam\n
Xmsg am{XamWv 2012 Bepg kinXv. B`yc SqdnpI
fn BepgbpsS hnlnXw 20 iXam\amWv. CXv kqNnnpXv
`mhnbnse hfm kmyXIsfbmWv. Imbepw ISepw ktfn
p ]pcmX\ hmWnPy\Kcns Sqdnkw hfmkmyXIfp
sS sNdnsbmcp `mKw am{Xta D]tbmKsSpppq. ImbPe
Sqdnkn am{Xw DunbpXmWv Ctmgs Sqdnkw. ss]Xr
I, kmwkvImcnI Sqdnks AhKWnncnpp.
CsXmw a\n hpsImmWv Hcp saKm Sqdnkw ]Xn
XmdmpXn\v 2010 se _Pn ]Ww \onhXpw Hcp IcSv
]Xnv cq]w\InbXpw. Cu ]Xnv Ctm tI{km
cns AwKoImchpapv. ]t, CXntmgpw PeSqdnkn am{Xw
DunsmpXmWv. apkncnkv, Xetcn ss]XrI]XnIfp
sS amXrIIfn \npw ]mTapsmm Ignnn. CXpkw
_n Xw th. Cs Sqdnkw ]XnbpsS cq]tcJ
bn Cmh \apv {]tXyIambn IqntmhptXbpq.
]t, Cu ]Xn hnPbnpXn\v Hcp A\nhmcyamb LSIapv.
AXmWv ipNnXzw.
ISocn\pw CS\mSn\panSbn Imbepw BdpIfpw
]pmSfpw tNv {]IrXn hc caWob Nn {XamWv
]Wns Ing {]tZiw. Ip\mSpw AhnSps khntij
ImjnI coXnIfpw IuXpIIchpw at\mlchpamWv. CXv Bepg
25
bvv \Ip Sqdnkw kmyXIfmWv Cu ]gb XpdapJ \Kc
ns ]pXp{]Xo. av Sqdnkw tI{ \Ip A\p`h
Bepg ]mTampI Xs thWw.
Ccnsemcp ]p\\n thWsan DchmZnXz
tmsS \apv {]IrXnhn`htfbpw AXns at\mlmcnXsbbpw
ImpcnWw. AgpSnv , Hgpv \ne I\mepIfn
tcmKhmlnIfmb PohnItfbpw t]dn ]pXpPntebvv \Sp
Ibdm\mhn. \Kcs \mw F{X ipNnbmbn Impp FXns\
IqSn B{ibnmWv Bepg \Kcns Sqdnkw `mhn.
26
akq aebmf ans\ sXmSpXv t\cnp ImWp
Xn\mWv Adventure Journal (www.adventure-journal.com)s m]
I\pw FgppImc\pw t^mtm {Km^dpamb Imknantdm 2011
BepgbnsenbXv. agbpw Impw `bv lukvt_mv BpXoc
Ipsmnbntev
hnt\mZbm{Xtbm?
""Imehjw, Cym D]`qJntev ISp
Xv ImWm\p XnSpn hfsc s]sv bm{X
]pdstSn hp. Fm {]Xntcm[Ipnhbvp
Ifpw FSpm\p kabw F\nv Innbn. B
istS Hmcytabpqshv Fs tUm
Fs Bizknnp. AXv sImXpIpIfmWv. ]I
shfnn Ipp sImXpIv sUn\n \
Intbmw. cm{XnbpsS Ccpn Ipp asmcp
sImXpIv atednb \Intbmw. {Kmanse s\
hbepIfpsS {]tZimWv Ipv InpsXn
PmPzcamImw InpI.
HcmgvN Igntm GtXm ]mSv IpdpsI
bp I\men Hcp henb sIphn Rm
sNps]p. Ccpv ]cpXpSnbtmtgv BZy
s sImXpIpkwLsan. t`jv, sImXpIpP\yam
b tcmK{XbfpsS an{inXw Imv Rm\ncpp......
{]iv \w Xopshv Rm\mizknp. Rm sImXp
Iphepnepw Pm Pzcw ]pdpw. s_Un
NpcppIqSnsmv s\n\nSbn IqSn Hcp ssI
kq{Xn ]pdnv ssev Hm^mn. s]sv Ip
nmes kmlknIIYIfn Hv Fs Hm
bnsen. hebvpn InSptm tZlw
hebn sXmScpXv. Asn Hcp anYymkpcm
t_m[n DdpXn\nsS sImXpIv hebv v ]p
dp\npw AXns sNdpZzmcneqsS \sf Zw
inmw... .Dw! BdSn aqnpImc\mb F\nv AXv
]dbp{X Ffpn sNmhp H. Inen
\mhs BdSn \oftabpq.... F\nv klnm
hpXn\v Apdambncpp. sImXpIpI \pgp
Ibdpn Fpdv hcpn Rm Fs\tbm
sImXpIphebvv ]pdpISp. Ipfnapdnbn Ib
dn jh Xpdp.
(Declination: Dodging Mosquitos, Dengue Fever and
Encephilitis in India ohv Imknantdm sk]v w_ 6, 2011)
3
27
v Xs \qcanp. Imbentebvv t]mbn. Ccpv hoWtm
t]m hnam\sftmse Ccnsbnb sImXpIv ]Ssb
Imknantdm Xs tUmIvSdpsS hmpI Hmp. òXn]qncp
ohns\ ^m sImp hcmsap]dv ssKUv cm[mIrjvW
kam[m\nnp. CcnnSn\v cSn AIse Hcp Itkcbn ^m
shv Idm XpSn. s\n\p apIfnep ]mXn DSens\
sImXpIp]Sbn \npw ^m cnp. Atmgpw taibvSnbnse
]mXn icocn Ah B{IaWw XpSp. cm[mIrjvW Hcp
sImXpIpXncn Inpshp. Npn ASnp Imn hnjpI
kmbv ns apJtpXs ASnp Ibdn. ITn\amb NqSn
icocw apgph ]i t]mep sImXpIp kwlmcn kvt{] sNbvXv
hepn hfpIqSn InS B cm{XnsbpdnmWv ohv Im
knantdm FgpXnbXv.. sImXpIpISn Imcyambn sImnpw Upthm,
Pzctam ]nSns]ntm Fpw ohv Bizknppv.
28
]t, ohns Ipdnv ssZhns Cu kzw \mntep
hnt\mZbm{XnIsc Hv Amfnnpw FpdmWv . ZpKw
hanp I\mepIfneqsS sUphpw Pzchpw `bv bm{XnI C\n
F{X\m Cu IuXpIw tXSnsbpw? amen\yhpw tcmKfpw
BepgbpsS hnt\mZkmc kmyXIsf XInSw adnpwhn[w
KpcpXcamIpIbmWv .
amdmtcmKfpsS Bepg
]SnbSv ]pdmnb ]e almamcnIfpw tIcfntev
Xncnsn \psS s]mXpP\mtcmKykwhn[m\n\v I\
shphnfn Dbppv. Bepg Chbn ]eXntbpw tI{
amWv. PeirwJe tcmKhmlnIfmbn amdn. hensdnbp amen\y
n \np Duv AXnthKw ]csmgpIm khntij `q{]
IrXn ImcWambn. Bepg ]Ihym[nIfpsS {]thi\IhmS
ambn amdpIbmtWm?
2003 kwm\n\v òXn ]Sn sUn _m[bpmbn.
]Ihym[nIfpsS Xmhw I hjamWv 2006. NnKp\nb
\psS BtcmKycm kwhn[m\sbmsI ]nSnpep. 58308
t]mWv Bep g Pn bn Nn Kp \n b ]n Sn s]Xv .
AXnamcIamb Pm Pzchpw {]XysXv 2006 Xs.
Fen\nbpw 2006 òXnhnXp. 2006 epw 2010 epw Pnbn tImfd
dntmv sNsp. an_m[nXcpsS Fw hjwtXmdpw
IqSpIbmWv. hbdnf tcmKfpw AXpt]mse Xs.
2006 apX Bepgbn Dmb ]Ihym[nIfpsS ]nI
3.1 sImSppp.
]nI 3.1
]Ihym[nI 20062010 Bepg
tcmKw 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
atednb 220 152 136 118 115
sUp 28 13 10 18 68
NnKp\nb 58308 1848 2 0 11
Fen\n 360 90 271 70 130
PmPzcw 14 1 0 0 0
tImfd 1 0 0 20 0
anw 199 279 441 446 368
hbdnfw 23239 23822 25945 31111 21507
Source : situation analysis of communicable diseases
Integrated disease surveillance project. DHS GOK
29
PohnXKpWXbpw tcmKmXpcXbpw
hnIknXcmPysmw InS]nSnp Bbpkpw Btcm
Kyhpw ssIhcn \mnemWo Ah FtmWw. Fvh
Fh t]mse A]cnNnXamb ]Ihym[nI ISphp.
tImfdbpw Pzchpw Xncnsn. hbdnftcmK km{XnIw.
inipacW\ncv ]{pw PohnXmbpkv 76 Dw Bbncnp \m
n Ccw Hcp tcmKmXpcX Hcp {]tlfnIbmWv.
CXns IpcpgnWsan Bepgbnsebpw Ip\mS
{]tZinsbpw shspw Peaen\oIcWhpw ]cntim[\m
hnjbamWw. Ip\mSv hnIk\ns t]cn ]WnX _v H
cp \mSns\ Ipntmdmn. Hmcpshns Ibw \netXmsS a
ykv bnp. ]mbepw t]mfbpw \ndp. Znhtk\bpm
bncp thentbhpw thenbndhpw \netXmsS Bepgbn
sebpw Ip\mnsebpw Pemib \neambn. i_cnae apX
entmp mtj\pIfpsSbpw P\hmktI{fpsSbpw amen
\yhpw Io S \m in \n XpSnb hn j fpw Fmw Bepgbnse
Pemibfn ASnpIqSn. CXn\v ]pdsabmWv \Kcamen\y
sImv ]Wfnse I\mepI \ndXv.
HcpImev BbncWn\v sXmgnemfnI theIgnv ho
ntev aSpwapv tZlw IgpInbncp I\mepIfn Im sXm
Sm\mhmsXbmbn. Bepgbnse tcmKmXpcXbpsS tNcph ]Tnm
Ahsbmw Xs ]mcnnXnI XImP\ytcmKfmsWv Im
Drawing by Reghu Harmony
30
Wmw. thentb thenbnd CmXmbXpw Pemibfnte
v NhdpI hensdnbpXpw aen\Pew HgppXpw lukv
t_mpIfn \np hnkPy XnhnSpXpsamw AXn
Kp cp X cam b ]m cn nXn I X I sImpmhphsbp
ImWmw. ImphnXv \mw sImSpmv sImpIbmWv. {]IrXnbpsS
taep AXncpIhn ssItbspdnv hm\c\n \nv \c
\n te v F p hnJymX teJ\n am Iv kv apdnbnp
\Inbnpv. Xoapw _v \nnv {]IrXnsb IogvsSp
nsbv AlcnhtcmSv amdmtcmKfneqsS {]IrXn {]XnIm
cw sNpp.
Cu ZpcnXmgvNIfntev C\nbpw hnt\mZbm{XnI hsp
tam? ]mXn Xamibpw ]mXn Imcyhpambn ohv Imknantdm ]d
php ImcyanXmWv. hnt\mZkmcnI hmepw Csnepw
\apv F{X\m Cs\ XpScm\mhpw? tcmKmXpcXbpsS `mchpw
t]dn F{X\m NXns\mpwhn[w km[mcWm Pohnpw?
31
tIcfnse \KchXvIcWns Acnp thKX
amen\y Dev]mZ\nepw {]ISamWv. \nehnep \Kcfntep
IpSntbw FXnt\m D]t`mKns kz`mhnepmIp
amw IqSnbmWv tIcfnse \KchXvIcWw. CXv \psS {Kma
fn t]mepw amen\y{]iv\s KpcpXcamnbnpv. 2001 se
Imt\jpamcn IWpI {]Imcw tIcfns \KcP\kwJy
25.96% Bbncpp. 2011 CXv 47.72 iXam\ambn hnp. \KcP
\kwJybn 92.72% s h\hmWv Hcp ]Xnmn\nsS DmbXv.
t\cs \nehnepmbncp \Kcfntev BfpI IpSn
tbdpXp sImpam{Xw DmbX Cu h\hv. \KcfpsS
Fw Xs s]cpIpIbmWv . 2001 Imt\ jp amcn IW p I
{]Imcw 60 myqdn \Kcfpw 99 skkkv \Kcfpw ASw
159 {]tZisfbmWv \Kcfmbn IWmnbncnpXv. 2011
skkkv \KcfpsS Fw 461 Bbn IqSn. BsI 520 {]tZ
isfbmWv \Kcfmbn 2011 Imt\jpamcn IWmnbncnp
Xv . \KcP\kwJybnse h\hv t\cs kqNnnphtm.
tIcfnse IqSpX IqSpX {]tZi \Kckz`mhw ssIh
""\Kcneqnb `mhnbntep temIw IpXn
ptm AXns Dt]mXv]ambn \Kcamen\yw
Ipanp IqSpIbmWv. \KcPohnXssienbpsS
`mKambn hcp Cu amen \y \Kch
XvIcWns \ncns\mfpw thKnemWv
hfcpXv. Hcp Zim_vZn\papv Bsfmpv
{]XnZn\w 0.64 Intem{Kmw amen\yw Dev ]mZn
nncpnSp \nv Hmtcmcpcpw {]XnZn\w 1.2
Intem{Kmw Dev]mZnnp \nebntev temIw
Fnbncnpp. 2025 BIptmtgpw 1.42
Intem{Kmw BIpsapw IWm nbnpv .
amen\yw D]t`mr kwkvmcns Dt]mev]
amWv. D]tbmKnp hensdnbp ioens
krjvSn.
What a Waste - A Global Review of Solid
waste Management _ Daniel Hoornweg
and Perinaz Bhada-Tata
4
\Kcamen\yw
hchpw Xchpw tNcphbpw
32
cnpp Fw. \Kcamen\y kwkvIcWw tIcfns Hcp
{][m\ hnIk\ shphnfnbmbn amdpIbmWv.
\Kcamen\yns Afhv
tIcfnse \Kcamen\yns Afhp kw_nv IrXyw
IWpIsfmpw e`ya. tiJcnpIbpw tI{oIrX kwhn[m\
ntev ampIbpw sNp Jcamen\yns Afhv \KckÌ
IrXyambn tcJsSpp ]Xn hn . e`yamb ]T\
GtIm]nnv amen\yns t{kmXpw Xchpw tNcphbpsamw
kw_nv Nne \nKa\fn Fm {ianXv tUm. APbv
Ipam hbmWv (Status of Municipal solid Waste Generation in
Kerala and characteristics - Dr. Ajayakumar Varma, Excecutive Di-
rector, Suchitwa mission, LSGD, GOK - 2008). \Kcamen\yns
t{kmXpIfpw AhbpsS Afhpw Xchpw ùXnI, cmk kz`mh
fpw AdntbXv icnbmb amt\Pvsav kwhn[m\hpw kwkv
cW kmtXfpw Ahwew_npXn\v A\nhmcyamWv.
2001 CESS Dw (Centre for Earth Science Studies) 2002
]em, amb Fnhcpw 2004 APbv Ipam h, Zneo]v
Fnhcpw \Snb ]T\fpsS ASnm\n kwm\s
icmicn {]XnZn\ {]Xnioj (Average Daily Per Capita Waste
Generation) amen\y Dev]mZ\w 178 {Kmw Bbn IWmmsa \n
K a \ n h F n tp. CXns B[n Im cn I X bn
Atlw Xs kwibw {]ISnnnpv. Hmtcm \Kck`bptSbpw
IWv {]tXyIambn FSpptm henb AcamWv IXv.
Iqp]dn aXnp IWv 34 {Kmw BsWn Xetcnbn
CXv 707 {Kmw BWv . C{X henb AcapmIpXn\v Hcp
\ymbhpan.
1996 NEERI (National Environment Engineering Research
Institute) Cy \Kcfnse amen\y Dev ]mZ\w Bsfmpv
{]XnZn\w 210 {Kman\pw 350 CSbnemsWv IWmn. h\Kc
fn CXv 1/2 Intem hscbmImsapw NEERI ]T\w Isn.
CXn{]Imcw tIcf \Kcfnse amen\y Dev]mZ\w Bsfmn\v
{]Xn Zn \w 210 {Kmambn IW m mw FmWv tUm. h
Fnt \nKa\w. 1996 embncpp. NEERI ]T\w. kZvLS
\bpsS hfbpw amen\y Dev]mZ\hpw Xnep _w IW
mn amen\y Dev]mZ\n {]Xnhjw 1.4 iXam\w Iv h
\hpmIpsav temI_mns A_ sUhevsav sk
\Snb ]T\ NqnmWnnpv. CXns ASnm\n
tIcf \Kcfnse {]XnZn\ {]Xnioj amen\y Dev]mZ\w 242
33
{Kmambn IWmmw Fv tUm. APbvIpam h A`n{]mb
sp.
CXns ASnm\n Bepg \Kcnse amen\y D
mZ\w kw_n Nne \nKa\fn Fm\mIpw. 2011 It\jp
amcn IWpI {]Imcw Bepg \Kcnse P\kwJy 174164
BWv. CXn Bdphbn Xmsgbp IpnIfpsS Fw 15434
BWv. Bdphbn Xmsgbp IpnIsf Hgnhmn \nnbm
158730 BWv P\kwJy. Ch {]XnZn\w icmicn 242 {Kmw tXmXn
amen\yw Dev]mZnnpp Fp IWmnbm Bepg \Kc
n {]XnZn\w 38.41 S amen\yamWv DmZnnppv. 06
{]mb ] cn [n bn ep Ipn IsfqSn DsSpn bm {]Xn Zn\
amen\y D]mZ\w 42.15 S BWv.
Bsfmn\v {]XnZn\w 242 {Kmw amen\yw DmIpsa ASnm
\ A\pam\w 2008se nXnKXnI hpsImmWtm. CXn
{]Xnhjw 1.4 iXam\w hv h\bpmIpsav IWmn
bm {]XnZn\ amen\y DmZ\w 42.5 Sns\m IqSpX h
cpw. am{Xa Bepg \KctmSv tNv InSp \Kckz`m
hap {]tZisfqSn tNv IWmnbm BsI P\
kwJy 241072 BWv. CXmWv It\jpamcn IWpI {]Imcap
Alleppy Urban Agglomerationse P\kwJy. AXn \Kck`bpsS
AXnnbn Xma kn p h cpsS Fw am{X amWv 174164.
CsXmw IWnseSpptm Bepg \Kcnse {]XnZn\
icmicn Jcamen\y Dev]mZ\w 50 Sn\p tasebmbncnpw.
Cu aXnpIWv \Kck`bpsS IWpIfpambn Hpt]m
Ipw. kthmZb]pcs mntev IbnbbncpXv 4050 S
amen\yw FmWv IWv. \Kcn Xs Dt]nsSp
amen\yw, {]tXyInv AssPhamen\yw IqSn IWnseSpm
{]XnZn\ amen\yns Afhv 58 S hcpsamWv \Kck`bpsS
aXnv IWv.
amen\yns t{kmXkpIfpw Afhpw
Bepg \Kck`bn {]XnZn\w DmZnnsSp 58S
amen\yw GsXmw XcnepXmWv , AhbpsS DdhnStfh
XpSnb tNmZyp DcfmWv C\n ]cntim[npXv.
amen\yns t{kmXkv kw_np \Kck`bpsS aXnv I
Wv ]nI 4.1 sImSpncnpp.
34
]nI 4.1
\Kcnse amen\yns t{kmXkpw Afhpw
t{kmXv Afhv (S) iXam\w
KmlnI amen\yw 20 34.5
IymW a]/
lmfp I/Hmô kp I 14 24.13
ISI, NI 10 17.24
\nc p I 6 10.33
\nmWw 4
6.9
Bip]{XnI/ AdhpimeI 4 6.9
BsI 58 100
Bepgbnse \Kc amen\yns 34.5 iXam\w hoSpIfn
\np amen\yamWv. Cu amen\yw hophfnse sXnstbm
hmgbpsStbm Nphn CSpXmbncpp ]Xnhv . Cs\
KmlnI amen\yw ASpf Irjnbn hfambn amdn. Av
{]IrXnv Dsmm Ignbp XcnepXmbn \psS
ASpf amen\yw. AXns Afhpw A{Xtb Dmbncp pq.
Imew amdn. \Kcnse B ]mp IqSn. Hgn e
fnmsXbmbn. sXmSnbnse hnfI hcpam\ amamsXbmbn.
\mw hon D]tbmKn p hkv XpfpsS kz `mhw IqSn
amdnbtXmsS KmlnIamen\yfpmp {]iv\ cqambn.
Dphsc Fpw mkvSnv IhdpIfn s]mXnXmWv \mw
hmpXv . Ah ]nsbpw mnIv Innemn Xqnbmte
t_m[nq. ]ns tNmdpw Idnbpw mnpw ]dnbpsS
Ahinhpsams AtX Inn sIn s]mXp\ncn Xpw.
BepgbnemsWn Bpw thm Hcp eapv .
tXmSpIfpw I\mepIfpw. AhnsS sImnm Bp tNXw?
êsambncpp? tXmSpIfpsS HgppXSp, If \ndp,
tcmKIoS s]cpIn. Adpmp Aoemgv Nbmbn
I\mepI amdn. BfpIsf Fs\ IpsSppw? amdnb
Imens\m Nne NnI thWsapw Nne am
kzoIcnWw Fpw Bcpw BtemNnn. Fm t\fpsSbpw
apIfn Xqp hmfmbn amen\y`mcw amdnbncnpp.
Ccp ]n \mev iXam\n e[n Iw hcp Xv IeymW
a]fn \npw apamWv. XpWn hncn taibn Xqi\ne
bn hnfnbncp kZy Hm am{Xw. Cv t] hncn, AXn
35
ISemkv Ce, hdhv C\ Hnp tNv tamSnbn Hcp mnIv
Inv . Fmw Ignp Hcv \npw H aSmWv . Npcpn
t{Smfnbntem atm Ibn tXmntev Htcdv. _ncnbmWn kZybm
sWn mnnsbpw t] ]m{XfpsSbpw ]qcambncnpw.
NpcpnsbSpv tXmntetm tdmUntetm FdnbpXn
ChnsSbpw Hcpamhpan. I\ hmSI hmp a]n\v CXv
kwkv Icn m\p _myXbp v . kwkv Icn mhp Xcw
]m{Xfpw apta D]tbmKnm A\phZnmhq.
ISIfnse amen\yfn ]Xn\p iXam\hpw mnIv
]mnMv hkv XpfmWv . CXv \psS \ncpIfnse Hgn
aqeIfnepw Im\Ifnepw Xpp. \psS \msfsbbmWv Cs\
\mw Xs ZpcnX]qampXv . CXnssbms D]tbmKw
]qambn \nm\mhn. ]t, \nb{Wfpw kwkv Ic
Wn\p NnIfpw ]mennsn \Kchpw I\mepIfpw
\ncpw Fmw Ipsmnbmbn Xocpw. Adhpime amen\yw
GXmv Ggp iXam\hpamWv. A{XXs Bip]{Xn amen\yhpw
hcpw. henb Bip]{XnIfnse amen\yw IMA bpsS mntev
sImpt]mIpw. _mn imkvXobambn Intn (incinerate)
hcpw. ]nghpI \on Adhpime {]h\ tbmKyamWw;
Adhv AhnsS am{Xambn \nb{nWw. Cv Adhp arKfpsS
IpSepw ]hpsamw \psS I\menepw tXmnepw FdnbpIbmWv.
Cu I\mepIfmWv BepgbpsS Sqdnkw `mhnbntev hgn
XpdtXv !!!!!
amen\yns XcwXncnhpI
\Kcamen\yns tNcph kw_npw Nne IWpI
e`yamWv. Bepg \Kcnse amen\yns 7580% ssPhamen
\yamWv (compostable organic waste). ISemkpw apw 1011
iXam\amWv. mnIv 45 iXam\w, XpWn XpSnbhbpsS Afhv
67 iXam\w. d, eX, dIvkn Fnh Hcp iXam\hpw hcpw.
amen\ynse Cuns Afhv 61.61% BWv.
]nI 4.2
amen\yns Xcw
Xcw iXam\w
ssPhamen\yw 7576%
ISemkv etc 1011%
mnIv 45 %
36
XpWn, Ib etc 67%
d_, eX etc 1.00%
temlw 1.00%
\nmW AhinjnjvS 23%
B sI 100
Bepg \Kcnse Jcamen\yn A]ISImcnIfmb
Jcamen\yns Afhv CXc\Kc {]tZifnse icmicntb
m DbXmsWv CESS, SEUF FnhbpsS IWpI
ImWnpp. L\teml ASnb Jcamen\yw Aeyambn
hensdnbpXv KpcpXcamb ]cnnXn BtcmKy{]iv \
krjvSnpw.
]nI 4.3
ap\nkn amen\ynse L\temlfpsS Afhv
L\teml ap\nknmennIfpsS Bepg
icmicn ap\nknmenn
Ccpv (%) 1.52 1.32
amwK\okv 247 191
\n 21 22.71
ImUvanbw 2.08 1.88
seUv 308 164.57
t{Imanbw 56 66.57
tIm 68 106.58
knv 224 190.83
Ahew_w CESS (2001), SEUF(2006)
D]tbmKw Ignv _mdnbpw kn F^v Fpw t]mep
A]ISIcamb amen\y \psS honepmp ssPh
amen\ysmamWv \mw \ncnepw Ipsmnbnepw
XpXv . ap ]e teml hkv Xpfpw \mw Cs\ ]dn
AhinjvSsmw \ndn Xpw. \ agbpw, amen\yn
se I\ Cuhpw aqew Cu teml Awiw Duembn \psS
Penepw anepw thKw Fpw. shneqsSbpw ao\neqsSbpw
Chn sSbpp ]dn Ifn eq sSbpw temlmwiw a\pjy
icocnse Fpw. CXv AXoh KpcpXcamb BtcmKy {]iv\
DmpIbpw sNpw. an L\temlfpw Imk Dmp
37
hbmWv . ap ]eXcnep BtcmKy {]iv \pw Ch
ImcWamImsav ]T\ hyamnbnpv.
a\pjyicocn sapdn ISXpaqeamWv 1950 Ifn
Pm\n ao\amX ZpcapmbXv. sapdn Ie Pemib
nse ayn \npamWv CXv a\pjycntev ISXv. \mUo
hyh XIv, AwK`wKw hv, ImgvN inbpw tIhnbpw
XIv 17000 t]cmWv tcmK_[nXcmbXv. tcmKtmsS Ipp
]ndhnsbSpm\pw XpSn. 1970 Cdmn sapdn Ie
an \npw sImbvX tKmXv sImpmnb {_Uv Ignp
10000 n A[nIw t]mWv hnj _m[bpmbXv. ImUvanbw
InUv \n Imkdn\v hgn shpw. Imk Dmp hkv Xp
hmbnmWv International Agency for Cancer Research(IACR-WHO)
Chsb ]cnKWnncnpXv. seUv \mUo hyhsb tZmjIc
ambn _m[npXpw ISp am\knI Akzmyn\p ImcWam
IpXpamWv. IpnIfn ]T\ sshIeypw seUv ImcW
amImw.
Ccn Poh\p Xs òjWnbmIp amen\yamWv \mw
Aeyambn sXcphn hensdnbpXv . ChbpsS kmnyw
Bepgbn icmicnbn IqSpXemsWXv Iv Xpdnt
Hcp hkvXpXbmWv.
38
]nI 4.4
ap\nkn amen\yfpsS cmk{]tXyIXI
cmk {]tXyIX B ep g \KckÌfpsS
icmicn
km{X 570 541.63
Cuns Afhv(%) 61.61 55.74
Duam{X(k.cal/kg) 2393 1638.75
]n Fv aqeyw 7 7.31
Im_ 17.98 19.60
ss\{SP (%) 0.53 0.51
Im_/ ss\{SP 34.25 39.61
t^mkv ^dkv
s]tmIvsskUv (%) 0.72 0.41
s]mmjyw HmIvsskUv (%) 0.44 0.50
Ahew_w: CESS (2001), SEUF(2006)
hfamtbm C\amtbm amm Ignbp cmkkz`mhamWv
Bepgbnse \Kcamen\yn\pXv . Cuns Afhv
amen\ynse Du DSw, ]n Fv aqeyw, Im_ ss\{S
P A\p]mXw Fnhsbmw _tbmKymkv mpIpw
ItmnMv bqWnpIpw DXIp hn[nemWv. _tbmKymkv
mpIfn \Sp hmbpkmnynem Zl\neqsS
]camh[n hmXIw krjv Snm Ignbp cmkLS\bmWnXv .
ItmnneqsS DmIp hfns KpWhntijw XnsSp
pXv Im_ ss\{SP A\p]mXw IWmnbmWv .
KpWtabp hfw D]mZnnm ]mInep cmkkz`mh
amWv Cu amen\yv FmWv Aw.
Bepg \Kcamen\yns 35 iXam\w hcp KmlnI
ssPh amen\yw _tbmKymkv mpIfpw ItmnMv bqWnpIfpw
m]nv hoSpIfns ssIImcyw sNpXn\v kmtXnI
amb XSkfn Fw.
39
AXn{ZpX \KchevcWhpw PohnXssienbnep amhpw
amen\y Dev]mZ\ns Afhv KWyambn hnm ImcWam
bn . Npp ]m Sp Iv kzm`m hn I ambn Dsmm Ign bp
Xntesd amen\yw Dev]mZnnpXpaqew amen\ykwkvIcWw Hcp
shphnfnbmbn amdnbnpv. amen\yns kz`mhhpw Cu shp
hnfn ISpXmn. GXfhn amen\yw Dev]mZnnmepw ]p
kmtXnIhnZy D]tbmKnv Ah kwkvcnp Ifbmw FmWv
`mhw. amen\y Dev]mZ\ns Afhv t_m[]qw IpdbvpI
FXv Cu cwKs ASnm\ XzfnsemmWv. AXpt]m
sebmWv ]p\cp]tbmKw F Xzhpw. AXn\ptijamWv ]p\
xNw{IaWw F amw. Cu LnemWv kmtXnIhnZybpsS
{]tbmKw ISphcpXv.
amen\yamt\Pvsan\v kmaqlnIhihpw A\ptbmPy kmt
XnI hnZym{]tbmKns hihpapv. BZytXv amen\ykwkv
IcWns IebmsWn cmatXv AXns imkv{XamWv.
Ch bpambn ka\zbnnpsImp am{Xta \Kcamen\y kwkvI
cWw kmyamIq. t_m[]qamb Acsamcp {iant\ êw
sImm\mIq. amen\yns Afhv IpdbvWw. A\nhmcyambn
Cu \oehm\fn
XgpInsbpanfw Imn
IfIfw ]mSpao ]pgIfn
hnjw Xppakpctc
R hnXm
Cu ]pXnb Ipcpt{X `qanbn
Rfo a\pjyt\In A
An Acw Adnhpw
\ntfm Xncnp \In
t_mw_pI ansskepI
Rfo {]]kXysap
amp ]mSnbtm
\n \mhpI Adpp
IpcpXnsbmcpn. (]cnjv Km\w)
5
amen\ykwkv IcWns
imkv {Xhpw Iebpw
40
krjvSnsSp amen\yw kwkvIcnm A\ptbmPyamb kmt
XnIhnZy D]tbmKnWw. CXmbncnWw kao]\w.
\Kcamen\y amt\Pvsans kmaqlnI hiw
Dev]mZnnp amen\ya{Xbpw kmtXnIhnZy D]tbmKnv
ssIImcyw sNbvXp Ifbmw F at\m`mhw icnbsv t\cs
kqNnnphtm? amen\yns Afhpw Xchpsamw amen\y amt\
Pvsan {][m\amWv. Npp]mSn\v (]cnnXnv) Xmm\mhm
amen\y Dev]mZ\amWv {]iv\ krjvSnpXv. AtXkabw
amen\y Dev]mZ\w Hgnhmm Ignbn F hkvXpXbpw AwKo
IcnWw. Atmgpw A\nhmcyambtX Dmhq FpdmWw.
at\m`mhn Ccsamcp amw A\nhmcyamWv . \Kcamen\y
amt\Pvsanse {][m\ hiamWnXv. AXv Hcp _Z aqeykwln
XbmWv. CXmWv CXns kmaqlnIXew. CXn\mbn s]mXphn
AwKoIcns Nne Xzfpv. Ipdbv, ]p\cp]tbmKw,
]p\xNw{IaWw FnhbmWv Cu {][m\Xz.
IpdbvpI (Reduce)
A\m h iy D ] t`mKw Ipd bv pI F XmWv CXns A
. Cu Ipdbv \psS PohnXKpWXsb tZmjIcambn
_m[npIb sasSppIbmWv sNpI. AXn\v A\mhiy
amb Nne hkvXpfpw coXnIfpw \ncknWw. s]m Ncp
IfptSbpw A]ISImcnIfmb hkv XpfptSbpw D]tbmKw \nc
knmw. AXpt]mse Xs ]mbvv sNbvX Hcpev]w hopw
mnIv sImps]mXnbpXv HgnhmmhptXbpq. Hgnhm
(Refuse) FXv amen\yw IpdbvpXns Hcp {][m\ hiamWv.
Bhiyhpw Bnbpw thdndnbp Hcp ]p\Nnbpw (Rethink)
Xncndnhpw (Realise) Cu Ipdbvens `mKamWv. {]IrXnbpsS
hmlItijnbvv CWm Dev]v _ZepI Isn
(Replace) D]tbmKnpI FXpw Cu kao]\ns A\nhmcy
`mKamWv. mnIv Imcn_mKpIp ]Icw {]IrXnv CWp
XpWn, t] knI D]tbmKnpXpw sdUyqkv F XXz
ns `mKamWv.
]p\cp]tbmKw (Reuse)
tISp ]m Sp I Xov (Repair), t]mcm bv a I ]cn l cnv
(Rectify)Hcp Dev]ns D]tbmK Imew \apv \omw. \\psS
PohnXns A\nhmcyLSIfmbn amdnb CeIvt{SmWnIv Dev]
fpsS D]tbmKns Imcyn Cu Xzw hfsctbsd
41
{]kamWv. Iyq ASw ]e CeIvt{SmWnIv hkvXpfp
sSbpw \nmWn\v seUv ASw A]ISImcnbmb L\tem
l KWyambn D]tbmKnpp. Hcp Iyq tamWndns
BsI `mcns 6 iXam\w seUv BWv. Ch Ipd Imew
am{Xw D] tbm Knv hen s dn bpXns A] ISw Btem Nnp
t\mq! ChbpsS D]tbmK Imew hnnpI FXv {][m\
amWv. AXnkoamb Iyq t{]m{KmapI D]tbmKntn
hcp I\nIpw tkm^vSvshb tI{pw \nnXIm
ebfhn\pn Iyq amtn htmw. Fm Ch Iyq
dns {]mYanI ]mT ]Tnp kvIqfpIfnepw apw [mcfam
bn cn pw. Atm tv Ch amn bm (Relocate) A{Xbpw
Camen\yw Ipdbv m\mIpw. dnb, sdIv Snss^, do semtv
Fnh do bqkv F Xzns A\nhmcyLSIfmWv.
]p\xNw{IaWw (Recycle)
Ipdbvepw ]p\cp]tbmKhpw Ignnpw A\nhmcyambn Dm
Ip amen\ys ]p\xNw{IaWw sNmw. amen\y A\ptbm
Py kmtXnI hnZybpsS klmbm ]pXnb Dev]fmn
amp coXnbmWnXv. amen\yn\npw ]camh[n D]tbmKaqey
amb hkvXp hosSppXn\mWv ChnsS {]m[m\yw. ssPh
amen\yn\npw hfhpw C\hpw thXncnsSpv D]tbm
KtbmKyampXpw dosskowKv BWv. CXn\v Hcp apIcpX
42
Bhiyapv. Fmcw amen\yfpw Iqntv ]p\xNw{Ia
Wn\v hnt[bamm\mhn. amen\yw XcwXncnv am{Xta ]ehn
[nep ]p\Nw{IaWn\v hnt[bamm\mhq. CXn\mIs,
Inn sIn Fmw IqSn hensdnbp a\v amdntb Xocq.
amen\yamt\Pvsanse Cu kmaqlyXes A`nkwt_m[\
sNm\mWv "\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw' ]Xn \smcp ]v
{i tI{oIcnXv. AXn\mbn \Snemnb ]cn]mSnIfpsS hni
Zmwi XpSp Aymbfn hniZoIcnppv.
A\nhmcyambn krjvSnsSp amen\yw kwkvIcnpXn
\p kmtXnI kmyXIsf kw_nv eLp]cntim[\bn
temWv C\n \mw ISpXv. \psS \Kcamen\yns knwl
`mKhpw C\amtbm hfamtbm ammhp ssPhamen\yamWv Fv
\mw t\cs Ip. CXns kwkvIcWn\p kmtXnI
kmyXI kmam\yambn ]cntim[nm\mWv ChnsS {iaw. "\n
e`h\w \ne \Kcw' ]Xnbn ChbpsS {]tbmKw AXns
A\p`hw Fnh XpSp Aymbfn ]cntim[nmw.
\Kcamen\ykwkvIcW ktX
\Kcamen\ykwkvIcWn\v e`yamb kmtXnI hnZyI
ssPhcq]mcWntem (Bio Conversion), Xm]ob cq]mcW
ntem (Thermal Conversion) A[njvTnXamb kmtXnI hnZyI
fmWv. Bio Conversion kmtXnI hnZy D]tbmKnv ssPhamen\y
Itmmbpw ssPhhmXIambpw ammw. ssPhamen\ys
C\hpw hfhpambmWv ampXv. Pze\w/InemWv Ther-
mal Conversion kmtXnI hnZyIfpsS ASnm\ kz`mhw. Xcw
Xn cn m amen \y Db Dujv am hn Inv amt\Pv
sNp Cu coXn s]mXphn kzoImcyambnn. Ipd tXmXn
ep In Bhiyamtbmw. t] tpI t]mep
amen\y ssIImcyw sNm\mWnXv. Fm aen\oIcW \nb
{W am\Zfpw ]menp am{Xta Ch \Snemmhq. ssPh,
AssPh amen\yfpw A]ISImcnIfmbhbpw Hnv Inp
Iq Thermal Conversion mpI s]mXpth ]mcnnXnIambn
AkzoImcyamWv. am{Xa, Ch Db Afhn Duw Bh
iyamb Dukm{ kmtXnI hnZybmWv.
Kymkn^ntj
Im_ ASnb aen\hkvXp HmIvknPs kmny
n Db Dujv amhn hn LSn n v hmXIfmp
{]{InbbmWv Kymkn^ntj. Im_ tamtWmIv sskUpw
43
ssl{UP\pamWv CXns `mKambn DmIpXv . CXns\ kn
Kymkv (synthesis gas) FmWv hnfnpI. kn Kymkv Db
aXbp C\amWv . 700 Un{Knbne[nIw Dujv amhn
HmIvknPs kmnyn \Sp cmk{]{InbbneqsSbmWv
ChnsS hmXI Dev]mZnnpXv. _tbmKymkv mpIfn
\SpXpt]mse HmIvknPs A`mhnep ssPhhnLS\a
kw`hnpXv. dnbmIvSdn hmbp ISnhnv ssPhamen\yn
sNdnb `mKw Inpp. Atm Im_ tamtWmIvsskUpw
Duhpw DmIpp. CXv Hcp cmwL {]h\n\p
IfsamcppIbpw sNpw. Cu {]{Inbbn tijnp amen\yw
]qambpw ssl{UP\pw Im_ ssU HmIv sskUpambn
amdpw, CXmWv kn Kymkv . CXp sshZypXnbmn ammw. Cu
kmtXnI hnZybpsS ]WsehmWv Ghpw henb ]cnanXn.
]eXcnep Kymkn^ntj mpI e`yamsWnepw
ChbpsSsbmpw {]mtbmKnIaX \psS \mn th{X
sXfnbnsnn.
\psS amsav?
\psS \Kcamen\yns 70 iXam\ne[nIhpw Cuw
IqSnb AgpIp ssPhamen\yamWv . CXv amt\Pv sNpXn\v
Bio Conversion kmtXnI hnZyIfmWv A\ptbmPyw. ]e Xcn
ep Itmnpw ssPhhmXI mpIfpw BWv Ccw amen
\y kwkvIcnm A\ptbmPyw. AtXkabw \psS \Kc
amen\yns GXmv Ansemv mnIv mkv, Sn XpSnb
AgpIm AssPh amen\yfmWv. Ch ssIImcyw sNpXn
\p kao]\sav FXpw {][m\amWv.
Hcp Imcyw hyw. Chsbmw Hnv ssIImcyw sNpI
kmya. XcwXncnv {]tXyIw {]tXyIambn ssIImcyw sNWw.
ssPhamen\y ItmnMv hgntbm _tbmKymkv mntem
kwkvIcnWw. AhbpsS t{kmXkn Xs, Asn kao
]v Xs kwkvIcnpXmWv Daw. amen\yw A[nIw Zqc
tv Db Afhn ISnsmpt]mIpXv A`nImaya
FXmWv temIsmSpw kzoIcnncnp Xzw.
hnhn[ Xcw ItmnMv coXnI \nehnepv. hoSpIfnepw
hmWnPy m]\fnepw m]nmhp kmtXnI XnIhp
_tbm Kymkv mp Ifpw Cv e`yamWv . t{kmX nse amen\y
kwkv I c W n emWv "\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw' ]Xn
{]mapJyw \ev IpXv . amen\ytcphbn ssPh amen\yns
Db AfhmWv CXn tI{oIcnm ImcWambXv.
44
ItmnMv F efnX kmtXnIhnZy
hmbphns kmnyn kqvaPohnIfpsS {]h\n
eqsS ssPhLSI hnLSnnv hfamn amp {]{InbbmWv
ItmnMv . kqv amWp ssPhLSIs hnLSnnv hf
amn ampw. Cu {]{Inbbn Dev]mZnnsSp NqSv tcmKImcn
Ifmb IoSsf \innpw. XcwXncnm amen\y Itm
nn\p hnt[bamIptm mnIv ASw AssPh hkvXp
hfn tNcmsX InSpw. CXv Acnpamn KpW\nehmcap
hfw thXncnsSp AXoh tiIcamWv. \psS \Kcfn
m]n ItmnMv bmUpIfnsemw hym]Iambn kw`hn
Zpcw CXmbncpp. AssPhamen\yns Afhv GdptXmsS
ItmnMv AkmyamIpIbpw mpI UnMv bmUpIfmbn
amdpIbpw sNbvXp.
]eXcw ItmnMv coXnI {]Nmcnepv. tIcfn
Ghpw {]NmcnepXv hnt{Um ItmnMv coXnbmWv .
sImbvp Ignv sshtmspI \nc\ncbmbn IqnbnSp
Xns\bmWv hnt{Um Fp ]dbpXv. Cu amXrIbn ssPh
amen\yw \ncpp. hmbp kmcw DdphcppXn\v amen\yw
CSbv nSbv v CfnsmSppp. CXv ]mmXycmPyfn
]qambpw b{hev rXambnmWv sNpXv . b{ k lm b
tmsS amen\yw anIv kv sNbv Xv ItmnMv thKnemp
kwhn[m\amWv Csh coXn.
tIcfn sjUpIfn XpdnmWv amen\yw hnt{Um
bnSpI. ImbnIamtbm b{w D]tbmKntm Cfpp. {]tXyIw
Xm dm p _np I fn ssPh am en\yw AS cp I fmbn \ndv
Itmnn\v hnt[bamp _n Iwt]mnwpw ]e cmPy
fnepw D]tbmKnepv.
{]tXyI C\w anc bp sSbpw kqv am Wp fp sSbpw
kwbp {]h\neqsS ssPhamen\yw hfamn amp coXn
bmWv anc ItmnMv. ancbvv PohnpXn\p A\pIqe
kmlNcy kwcntXv ChnsS A\nhmcyamWv. IoS\m
in\nIfpsS kmnyw, AanXambn Fbpw Fcnhpw ]pfnbpw
Fmw ASnb amen\y Fnhsbmpw ancbvv ]Yya.
AXn\m Xs \psS h \Kcamen\y kwkvIcW tI{
v anc ItmnMv tbmPnX. AtXkabw hoSpIfn
\nb{nXambn sNmhp ItmnMv coXnbmWnXv. Ghpw \
ssPhhfamWv anc Itmv. IpSpw_Irjnbpambn IntNv
Nnbmbn sNmhp HmWv anc ItmnMv.
"\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw' ]Xnbn D]tbmKnp
45
cp ItmnMv kwhn[m\fpv. 1. ss]v ItmnMv 2. Fb
tdm_nIv ItmnMv. ASnm\]cambn cpw _n Itmn
mWv . tIc f ns Imem h bv pw amen \y ns kz`m h
n\pw Fmw A\pkcnv th ]pXpepIfpw Iqntepw
hcpn ]cnjvIcn kwhn[m\fmWv ChnsS m]npXv. Ch
bpsS kmtXnI hni I e\w A\p_n \ev Inbnpv .
Ipd AfhnemsWnepw shan Itmnpw apw Bepg
bn ]conppv.
_tbmKymkv mpI
hmbpkanmsX, Pens kmnyn ssPham
en\yw hnLSnnp {]{InbbmWv _tbmKymkv mpIfn \S
pXv. aqp Xcw _mIvSocnbI ssPhamen\ys {Iaambn
hnLSnnv ssPhhmXIhpw hfqdp dnbpw Dev]mZnnpI
bmWv sNp Xv . ssPh hm XIw {]IrXn hmX I a . {]IrXn
hmXIw s]t{Sm fnbw Dev ] am Wv . aotYbv \pw Im_ ssU
HmIvsskUpamWv _tbmKymkv mpIfn Dev]mZnnsSp
Xv. Hcp Iyp_nIv ao ssPhhmXIns C\aX 0.62 en
as, 3.5 Intem {Kmw hndIv , 0.433 F ]n Pn Fnhbv v
XpeyamWv. ssPhhmXIns tNcphbn 6070 iXam\w aotY
DtmgmWv CXv ImcyaXtbmsS ImWpXv. Im_ ssU
HmIvsskUns Afhv IqSpXv A`nImaya. IrXyambpw {Ia
ambpw Zl\w \SmXncnptmgmWv CXv kw`hnpI.
_tbmKymkv mpI \psS Zl\hyh t]msebmWv.
AcpXmtXm Bhiyne[nItam amen\y mn \nt
]nm Zl\tSv Ddv. AXv mv ]WnapSpXntev \bn
pw. IrXyamb ]cn]me\w Bhiyap Hcp kmtXnI hnZybm
WnXv. Hmtcm mntbpw tijn\pkcnv am{Xw amen\yw \nt
]npI. Zl\{]{Inbbn ]sSpp kqva PohnIv A\p
Iqeamb Ah DdmpXn\v {inpI, AcpXm hkvXp
mn \nt]npXv HgnhmpI, Ccn eLphmb
Nne NnI ]menv Imcyaambn D]tbmKnm Ignbp Hcp
amen\ykwkvIcW kwhn[m\amWv _tbmKymkv mpI.
]cnNcWw Bhiyamb HmWv _tbmKymkv mpI Fp
]dtm? _tbmKymkv mpI ]cntim[npXn\pw dnb
sNpXn\pw Cu kmtXnI hnZybpsS hniZmwi kzmb
amnb Hcp kokv Sow DmIWw. Ccsamcp kwLw Dmn
\ne\npp FXmWv "\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw' ]Xn
bpsS Hcp khntijX. ap ]e efnepw m]n _tbm
Kymkv mp I Dt] n s Sp Xn\p ImcWw IrXy amb
46
kokv \evIm IgnbmXmWv. Cu t]mcmbva ]cnlcnv mp
IfpsS {]h\w kpKaamm Bepgbn klmbnpXv
kokv Soans kmnyamWv . kokv Soans\ kw_nv
]nmse hniZambn {]Xn]mZnppv.
]e AfhpIfnepw kz`mhnepap _tbmKymkv mpI Dv .
KmlnI ssPhamen\yw ssIImcyw sNphm Ghpw tbmPn
amXrIIfmWv Bepgbn sXcsSpnpXv. 1 m3 tijnbp
FSppammhp (Portable bio gas plants) amXrIIfmWv hym]I
ambn D]tbmKnpXv. tIm{Iov dnpIfpw ^vtfmnMv tUmapw
(hmXI Ad) D ^nIvkUv mpIfpw m]nppv. hmWnPy
m]\fnepw apw ^nIvkUv mpIfmWv D]tbmKnpXv.
amen\yw Hcp kmaqlnI {]iv\amWv. AXn\v tIheamb kmt
XnI ]cnlmcw kmya. ssIImcyw sNmhp ]cn[nIv
\npI FXv Hcp kmaqlnI eyamWv. Atmgpw A\nhm
cyamb Afhn amen\yw Dev]mZnnsSpw. AXv kwkvIcnp
Xn\v A\ptbmPyamb kmtXnI hnZy {]tbmKntXpapv.
Cu cv LSIfpw ka\zbnnv am{Xta tIcfw Cv t\cnSp
{][m\ shphnfnbmb \Kcamen\y {]iv\s t\cnSm\mIq. A
csamcp {iaamWv Bepgbn \Sp "\ne `h\w \ne
\Kcw ]Xn.'
47
BZyImesmpw amen\y kwkvIcWspdnv Btem
NnncptXbn. ChnsSsb FhnsSbpw Ccw tI{
m]nXv \Kcamen\y XpXn\p tI{w (dump yard)
F XcnembncnWw. 5 ]XnmpImes amen\yamWv 14
G hnkvXrXnbp kthmZb]pcw bmUns ]e `mKfn
embn IqSnnSpXv. CXn ssPhamen\yw apgph Imegw
sImv ambn amdn bn p v . aet]mse IqSnnSpXn
`qcn`mKhpw mnIv, XSn, Sb, Ccpv XpSnbhbpsS AhinjvS
fmWv. CXv imkv{Xobambn aqSn emUvkvtIp sNpXn\v
ipNnXzanj\v At] \evInbnv Hcp hjntesdbmbn.
amen\yw IpgnpaqSpXv Aimkv{XobamsWpw Hgnhmt
XmsWpap Imcyspdnv Xan. Fm ktmZb
]pcv Fsnepw ]pXnb amen\yw IpgnpaqSpXns\pdnmbn
cpn At]. adnv F{Xtbm Imeambn AhnsS InSp
amen\y HhW Iymp sNbv Xv Cs A{ioIcamb
Ah CmXmembncpp {iaw. ChnsS \nv Chsbms
FSpp amn thsd FhnsS sImpt]mbmepw emUv ^nnnt\
]pIbpq. Cu efnXamb bmYmyw ]cnKWnmsX Hcp
hjmew ^ben Imcy N sNbv Xv Ahkm\w
ktmZb]pcv cmasXmcphw kacw A\nhmcy amn.
CXntev ]noSp hcmw.
amen\ykwkvIcW mpI ]cmPbsSpsXpsImv?
20042005 Ime mWv Hcp B[p \nI amen \y kw kv I cW
]pgI Imv hgnI
hov sXmSnI IppI
aen\amnSmsX
\nXyapdhnSfn
Nhsdms thXncnp
thsdbmpIn
XpSn hp \fmZy
NphSp `wKnbn
(lcnX Ipd knt tkmMv A\nXm Xn)
6
BZyw thXv t{kmXknXs
XcwXncn
48
mns\Ipdnp NI Bepgbn Kuchambn DbcpXv.
2005 G{]n 11mw XobXnbmWv Jcamen\ykwkvIcW ]Xnv
\Kck` Hu]NmcnIambn AwKoImcw \evIpXv. Andra Pradesh
Technology Development and promotion center (APTDC) F
m]\ns ]Xn \ntiw \Kck` AwKoIcnp. 2005
[mcWm]{Xw Hw shp. 2006 s^{_phcnbn tS Io ASn
m\n Cu ]Xn \SnempXn\v APTDCbpambn \Kc
k` Icmdn GsSpIbpw sNbvXp. {]XnZn\w 50 S \Kcam
en\yw ssIImcyw sNpXn\p mmWv hn`mh\w sNbvXXv.
Adhpamen\yw, ao ]dn amnse amen\yw Fnhb
Sw 50 S amen\yw kwkv I cn p sap ]d bp Icm dn
\nmW kma{KnIfpsS AhinjvS, Bip]{Xn amen\yw, A]
ISImcnIfmb amen\y Fnhsb {]tXyIw Hgnhmnbnp
v. 4000 NXpc{i ao hnkvXrXnbp ItmnMv bmUv \nnv
hnt{Um ItmnMv kwhn[m\w hgn \Kcamen\yw hfamn amp
Xn\pw AhinjvS amen\yw kpcnXambn adhp sNpXn\p
ap ]Xnbmbncpp CXv. CXn\p th \nmWw b{kma
{KnIfpw apw hmn m]n XpSn ]coWmSnm\n
mv \Sn ImWnpXn\p DchmZnXzhpw Icm{]Imcw
APTDCbvmbncpp. ]coW \Snns kabv {]XnZn\w
50 S \K c am en \yw mn Fpw Fv Dd m t
DchmZnw \Kck`bvmbncpp. mn Dev]mZnnp hfw
APTDCbvv AhImisXmbncnpw.
49
3.77 tImSn cq] bm bn cpp ] Xn bpsS sNe hv . APTDC
kwm\ km AwKoIcn Hcp tkh\ZmXmhmbncpp. Cu
]Xn APTDCapJmncw Turn Key ASnm\n \Snemp
Xn\pw kwm\ km A\p aXn \ev In bn cp p. CXns\
XpSmWv \Kck` APTDCbpambn [mcWm]{Xw Hp shp
Xv. \nba]camb A\paXnI e`yamn ew ssIamdngnv
10 amkn\Iw {]hrnI ]qoIcnv mv Ioj sN
WsaXmbncpp Icm. ]Xn ]qoIcnpXn\v A
hyamb ImeXmakw hcpnsbv am{Xa, ê{]Zambn mv
\SpXnepw IcmdpIm ]cmPbsp. Inv 510 S amen\yw
am{XamWv ChnsS Itmmn amnbXv. _mn hcp 3040 S
amen\yw t\cs ChnsS IppIqnbncp amen\ytmsSmw
IqntsSp \nebmbn. ItmnMv bmUntep hgn
bnepw apw amen\yw IppIqSnbtXmsS Atmtv amen\ysa
npXv Xs Akmyambn. agmesaptmtgv KpcpX
camb ]cnnXn BtcmKy{]iv\ DSseSpp nXnbmbn.
CXv ktmZb]pcv am{Xa, kam\amb tI{oIrX mp
I m]n hnfnime, {_]pcw, emeq, sRfnb ]dv
FnhnSfnsemw Dmb A\p`hfmWv. \nbambpw Nne
s]mXpImcW Cu {]Xn`mkn\v ]nnepmIpw. \Kck`
I hyXykvX tkh\ ZmXmfpambn Dmnb IcmdpI ]cn
tim[nm Hcp Imcyw hyamIpw. GXmv Fm IcmdpIfnepw
\KckÌ IpdXv C{X amen\yw mn FnWw F
hyh Ds Sp n bn cp p. Be p g bn {]Xn Zn\w 50 S
amen\yw Fn W sa Xm bn cpp hyh . DS Sn {]Im c
ap{X Afhv amen\yw Fnm ]cmPbsXns\ XpSv
tkh\ ZmXmv \KckÌ \jvS]cnlmcw \evtI Ah
bvpw tIcfn Dmbnpv. CXv hyamp Hcp kwK
Xnbpv .
Jcamen\yw F{Xbmbmepw AXv tI{oIrX mn kwkvI
cnm Ignbpw F [mcWbnembncpp s]mXphn tIcfw. CXv
kmtXnIambn kmyamtWm? kmaqlnIambpw ]mcnnXnIambpw
kzoImcyamtWm? kmnIambn \ne\nevpXmtWm? Ccw
Bi I tfmSv tIcfw s]mXp hn apJw Xncn p I bm bn cp p.
Fm AkzoImcyhpw Akmyhpamb Cu h ]XnI
krjvSn ZpcnX A\p`hn P\ {ItaW {]tm` cwKv
FpIbmbncpp. Cu Ah XsbmWv Bepgbnepw kwPm
XambXv .
mpIfpsS \Snn IcmdpIm henb Aew`mhhpw ]m
50
fnIfpw hcpn. mpIfpsS kmtXnIhnZybnepw Htsd {]iv
\fpmbncpp. Hcp mnt]mepw ssPhamen\yfn\nv
Henndp eosv kwkvIcnpXn\p kuIcyfpmbn
cpn. agmev Cu {]iv\w hfsc KpcpXcambn. ZpKn
s\mw P\fpsS {]Xntj[n\nSbmnb LSIw Peaen\oI
cWambncpp.
DdhnS thXncnens {]m[m\yw
Ghpw ASnm\]camb ImcWambn R ImWpXv
am en \y X cw Xn cn m sX bmWv kw kv I c W tI { n te v
sImps]mbv smncpXv F bmYmyamWv . Fmcw
ssPhAssPh amen\yfpw Iqambn hnt{Um Itmkvnn
\v hnt[bampIbmWv sNbvXXv. CXv cpXcnep {]iv\
krnp. Hv, Itmkvn AssPhhkvXp CSIe
pInSp. CXv b{klmbtmsS Acnv thXncnp k{
ZmbamWv FmbnSpapmbnpXv. Fm XSnjWfpw
Sbdpw apw Cu b{fn IpSpn Ah ]etmgpw tISmhp
Ibpw {]h\w \nebvpIbpw sNpXv ]Xnhmbn. cv, A
cnsSp Itmkvnemhs cmk]Zmfpw apw CSIen
cpp. ktmZb]pcmIs mnIv XcnIfpsS Afhv IqSpX
emWv F hkvXpX NqnmWnv FACT t]mep s]mXp
ta J em m ] \ t]mepw h fw hm p Xn \p [m c W bn
\npw ]nhmpIbmWv sNbvXXv. AXn\hsc IpsSpm\p
amhn.
ê{]Zambn amen\ykwkvIcWw \Sp HcnSpw amen
\y thXncnmsX Iqambn kw`cnp k{Zmbw ImWm
Ignbn. ]mmXycmPy GsXSpmepw hfsc IrXyambn am
en\y thXncnv hyXykvXZnhkfn hoSpIfn\nv kw
`cnp coXnbmWv ImWm IgnbpI. Nne Pm\okv ]W
fn hopIm amen\yw 68 C\fmbn XcwXncnv \evIm _m
ycmWv. kao]Imev jmMvlmbv \Kck` DdhnS thXncn
hv ImcyaampXn\pthn ]e\ndnep _pI hnXc
Ww sNbvXpsImp hensbmcp {]m\w Xs Bcw`nnpv.
Fm tIcfnse nXn adnmWv. ChnsS\npthWw \p
sS {]h\w Bcw`nphm.
t{kmXn thXncnp am{Xta amen\yw ssIImcyw
sNm\mIq. Hmtcm Xcw amen\yhpw Hmtcm coXnbnemWv ssIImcyw
sNtXv . Cuap ssPh amen\y Itmp sNmw,
AXn\npw ssPhhmXIw Dmmw. dosskn sNp
51
tI{n temlfpw apw FnWw. mnpw AXv t]mse
Xs. \nmW AhinjvS sNdnb sNdnb ]mXI hncnp
Xnt\m, eLphmb ap \nmWtm D]tbmKnmw. L\
teml t]meph Ghpw kpcnXambn adhp sNWw.
Bip]{Xn amen\y Db Dujv amhn, Fm ]cnnXn
am\Zfpw]menp InWw. Cs\ ]e coXnIfpv.
AsXmpw sNmsXbmWv Fmcw amen\yfpw H Inn
sIn \mw ItmnMv bmUn FnXv . amw ]cmPbs
Xn ApXaptm? t{kmXn Xsbp Xcw Xncn
amen\y amt\Pvan Ghpw {][m\s ImcyamWv. sXcphntem,
bmUntem Xcw Xncnmw Fv IcpXpXv AkmyamsWv
A\p`hw sXfnbnp Ignp.
amen\yw t{kmXn Xs thXncnpXn\p Nn tI{
aen\oIcW \nb{W t_mUv Dmnbnpv. amen\yw Xcw
XncnpXv Fs\? AXp Hmtcmpw ssIImcyw sNpsX
s\ Fv CXn hyamWv . GsXnepw Hcp amw am{Xw
kzoIcnp amen\yw ssIImcyw sNm\mhn. t\cs \mw
IXpt]mse kmaqly \n b{Wn sbpw A\ptbmPy
kmtXnIhnZybpsS {]tbmKnsbpw icnbmb tNcphbv t
{ ]iv \w ]cn lcn m\mIq . A\ptbmPy kmtXn I hn Zym
{]tbmKn\v Xcw Xncn kp{][m\amWv.
Jcamen\ysf ASnm\]cambn \membn tI{ aen\oI
cW \nb{W t_mUv XcwXncnpp. HmatXv ]p\xNw{I
aWn\v D]tbmKsSpmhp Cuanm amen\yamWv. C
Xns aqn\fpv. mkv, teml Fnh t]mep
Zlnnm Ignbm hkvXp Chsbmw dosskn sN
Ww. cmasbn\w mnmWv. CXpw dossknfnn\v hn
t[bamtXmWv. aqmatXv ]mtPnMv saocnbepw t]dpw
apamWv. Ch Xosbcnm\p ]spIfmn amm\mhpw.
Jcamen\yfn cmasbn\w ssPhamen\yamWv. Ch
{]tXyIw tiJcnv hnhn[Xcnep Itmnnt\m _tbm
Kymkv \nmWnt\m D]tbmKnmhpXmWv.
Jcamen\yfn aqmasbn\w sInSmhinfmWv. Ch
sb Xmgvbn\w tdmUpIpw apambn D]tbmKnmw.
amen\yfn \memasbn\w A]ISIcambnphbmWv.
Chbnse Ghpw henb `mKw Bip]{Xnamen\yfmWv. Chsb
imkv{Xobambn ZlnnpIbmsX hgnbn. ap A]ISImcn
Ifmb amen\yn sapdn ASp SyqsspIfpw kn F^v
F empIfpw henb Afhn seUv D Iyq t]mep
52
D]IcWfpw s]Spw. Ch Hmtcmpw C\w Xncnv tiJcnv {]tXy
Iw kwkvIcnpXn\p kwhn[m\fpmtnhcpw. Ddhn
SnemsX Fs\ \apnXv ê{]Zambn thXncnm\mhpw?
Ipptams "thXncn' kwcw`w
amen\ysf ê{]Zambn Xcw XncnpXneqsS am{Xw
Ahsb Fs\ emÌcamb Hcp hmWnPy CS]mSmbn ammw
FXns Da {ZmamWv tNemc Ipptam F
amen\y kwkvIcW kwcwÌ. Ipptams _nkn\kv tamU
hfsc efnXamWv.
Hv ) XfpsS amen\yw \ow sNWsav Xev ]ccmb
m]\ Hcp \nnX ôkv Ipntam\p Znhkw tXmdpw
\evIWw. AssPhssPh amen\yfmbn Xcw Xncnv \evIm
m]\ _mycmWv. Ah Znhkw tXmdpw m]\n
sNv tiJcnv sImpt]mIm\p NpaXe Ipntamsbpw.
cv) Ipptam Xs hop apv Hcpnbnp ssSep
]mIn hesInb bmUn Ch kqvaambn hopw thXncnpw.
]n, ao, tImgn, CXn aqn\pw ]mXv Fns\ ssPh
amen\y XcwXncnpw. Xo km[\ ApXs hn
Ifnembn hf tI{fnsenpw. Xobvv kmam\yw \
hne Inpw. inw hcp ssPh amen\y bm Un Xs
sInbnp AdIfn Itmv sNpw. CXn\p]tbmKnp
ktXhpw \qX\amWv . tImbq ImjnI kIemime
bn\nv KthjW_ncpZw t\Snb ]mem kztZin tPmjn
hnIknnsSp NIncntmdv aoUnbamWv CXn\mbn D]tbmKnp
Xv. s]mmnbn kpeàmb NIncntmdn ssPhhkvXpsf
hnLSnnp _mIvSocnb (C\mpew) IqntmWv an{inXw
DmpXv .
aqv) mnIv hopw Xcw Xncnpw. IgptIh IgpIn hr
nbmpw. Ah B{Inmv hnv InpXpw Hcp hcpam\amWv.
\mev ) Ipptams sNehv apJyambpw aqmWv . Xcw
Xncn tPmenbn Gsncnp kv{Xo ]pcpjmcp Iqen.
365 Znhkhpw tPmenbpXpsImv \mp\Sp Iqen\ncn
AStmsS sXmgnseSpm Bsf Inm {]bmkan.
cmas sNehv amen\yw tiJcnpXn\pw Xcw Xncnv
D]tbmK tI{fn FnpXn\pap hnsehpIfmWv,
aqmatXv NIncntmdv C\mpen\p sNehmWv . Cu
sNehpI Ingnmepw kwcw`w hem`nemWv.
Cu emÌcamb kwcw`w hnIknnm\p {ian\nS
53
bnemWv Ipptam Rfpambn _sSpXv. Bepg \Kc
nse m]\fpsS amen\yw tiJcnm m]\fpambn
Icmdn GsSm\p kuIcyw ap\nknenn sNbv XpsImSp
Ww. ]camh[n CuSmmhp ôkv \ncv ap\nknmennv
\nbnmhpXmWv . ktmZb]pcs amen\y kwkv IcW
mnse Hcp sjUpw ]cnkc {]tZihpw Cu {]h\
mbn hnp sImSpWw. {]Xyp]Imcambn ap\nknmennbn
\npw Zn\w {]Xnsbp \mev S amen\yw kuP\yambn
kwkv IcnWsa NpaXe Ipptam\pw GsSpp. ]pXnb
_myXIsfmpw GevmsX \Kcnse amen\ynse \smcp
`mKw kwkvIcnsSp Cu ]Xn hfsc BIjIambncpp.
Cu \nti ktmZb]pcs kac kanXnpw kzoImcy
ambn. kzw hopapv sNbv XpsImncnp ]cn]mSn
hnimeamb amen\y kwkvIcW hfn ]conpXns\ Ah
kzmKXw sNbvXp. bYmn Cu ]cn]mSn \SmWw Fp
iTnXv AhcmWv. Cu ]Xn ap\nknmenn shp Xmannpp
Fv Bt]npsImv mntep ap\nknmennbpsS
hnIsf Ah XSbpI t]mepw sNbvXp. Cu ]Xnv ]noSv
Fp kw`hnp Fv ASp Aymbn hniZoIcnppv.
DdhnS thXncnens {]kntbbpw {]m[m\ytbpw Cu
]Xn ASnhcbnp ImWnpp. kqvaamb thXncneneqsS
am{Xw amen\yw aqamb Bhiy Xr]v XnsSpm\p
aqey hnX Dev]fmbn amdpp. CXv bmUn sImp hv
XcwXncnt Bhiyw t]mepw ]etmgpw DmIpn. ISm
Xs {]tXyIw _npIfnemn shphsb F{Xbpw thKw
Xo tI{fntev sImp t]mbm aXn. {intp Imcyw
Av Xs \ow sNWw FpXmWv AXpsImv
ZpKw Hgnhmm\mhpw, bmUn shv ImbnIambn Ah Xcw
XncnpXn\pw _pnappmIn. Fm s]mXphmbn t]mepw
Xcw XncnmsX, ]etmgpw Htm ctm Znhkw Ignv ap\n
knmenn hnIfn ktmZb]pcsnsmnp \Kc
amen\yw \hpw {]Xnknbpw am{Xta krnpp. AtXkabw
Nnbmb Xcw XncnhneqsS am{Xw amen\yw emÌcamb Hcp hmWnPy
hkv Xphmbn amdpp. ]t Bepg ASap \Kcfnse
amen\yfpsS Hcp `mKw hopapv Fnbtm Hcp]t AXv
B sNdp {]tZin\v DsmmhpXn\pw Apdambncpncn
mw. kao]hmknI {]Xntj[apbnbnpv. Fmepw ap
shfn{tZi tI{amn Cu thXncn kwcw`w aptmp
Xs s]mbvsmncnpp.
54
1998 _wm tZinepmb shsmw temIw Cpw
adnn. ag tXmv BgvNI Ignnpw [m \Kcw sh
n apnnSp. HmSIfpsSbpw NmepIfpsSbpw Hgpv AS
bvp hns\ A[nImcnI Xncndnp. [mbn {]Xnhjw
9 Ziew mnIv Imcn_mKpIfmWt{X hensdnbsSpXv.
AXn 1015 iXam\w _npIfn Fpw. _mnb{Xbpw HmS
Ifnepw NmepIfnepw XpIbmWv. CXns\pSmWv 2002
[mbn am{Xa, _wmtZinemsI mnIv Imcn_mKpI
\ntcm[nXv.
Cyhgnbp Hcp ITn\bm{X Ignv _wmtZ
insenb Rv Ftm Hcp hyXykvXX
A\p`hsp: km[mcW KXnbn ]dntbm
]gtfm Cdntbm aot\m hmptm ]mp
sNm\p]tbmKnp km{XnIamb kma{Kn
mnIv _mKmWv . ]t, _wmtZin Chsbmw
shdpw ISemkv IqSbnemWv e`npI. ]{XS
emtkm Bokv ISemkpItfm sImmWv IqSIfp
mnbncnpXv. Inv henb Ipgsampw
tXmnbn.
CXn \p ImcWsasv Adn bm\mbn cpp
Rp IqSpX Xmev]cyw... Hcp aqmw temI
]Ws kw_nnStmfw hfsc Akm[mc
Wamb ]mtPnMv coXnbmWv. 2002 _wmtZiv
km mnIv _mKpI ]qambn \ntcm[np
shv Nne hnZymnI RtfmSp ]dp.
mnIv _mKpI \ndv HmSI ASpt]m
bXmWv 1988 \pw 1998 \panSbvv [mbnepmb
òa shsmp ImcWsav ]e
]T\fpw sXfnbnp. CXv tIhew ]cnnXn
{]iv \ambncpn. PohcW {]iv \ambncpp.
AysamIp sapXv {]iv \a. Cs
bmYmyw _wmtZin mnIv _mKpI
\ntcm[nsncnpp FXmWv.
(mnIv _mKpI Hcp BtKmf
aen\oIcW {]iv\w \nk, cookiesound.com)
7
mnIv FpsNpw?
55
tIcfnse GsXmcp {]tZin\pw ]cnNnXamsbmcp Nn{X
at CXv? HmSIfnepw I\mepIfnepw mnIv _mKpI Iqns
n FdnbpXpaqew Hgpv ASv DmIp shsmns
A\p`hanm \Kcfptm tIcfn? \Kc am{Xa,
{Kmafnepw CXpXsbmWv nXn.
2012 se agmew. FdWmIpfs CSn tSm PMvj\n
Acsbmw shw. tZiob]mXbn KXmKXw kvXw`np. {Sm^nIv
Ipcpv \KcsbmsI _m[np. Ifatcn \Kck`m A[nIr
X tdmUn\Snbn IqsS t]mIp HmS Ipnsmfnv ]cntim[\
\Snbtm temdn IWn\v mnIv. CXv sInnSv HmS
BsI tmmbXmWv ^vfmjv ^vfUn\v ImcWambXv. temdnI
fn Ibn mnIv \onbXv Av henb hmbmbncpp.
1998 se t_mws_ shsmns Nn{X {^v sse
AS ap amya {]kn o Icnncpp. ac fpsS Xe p
Ismw Av shw s]mn. shw Cdnbtm ace
nsemw Fa mnIv _mKpI XqnInSp Nn{XamWv
Av amya {]knoIcnXv.
Bepgbnse {][m\ I\mepIfntev Fp AkwJyw
CStmSpIfpv. \Kcnse ]e{]tZifn\npw agshw
Hgnp t]mIm klmbnncpXv Cu CStmSpIfmbncpp.
Cu CStmSpIfpw HmSIfpsamw Cv mnIv _mKpIfpw Ipn
Ifpw sImv \ndv Hgp Sv , Ao e m gv N I fmbn amdn
bncnpp.
mnns\mWv ]cnlmcw?
mnIv F {]amWn
]Zm{Xbnse (material trinity) {]amWnbmWnh. teml
, kndmanIvkv, t]mfna FnhbmWv Cu XraqnI. Ch
cn t]mfn a F hn`m K n hcp XmWv mn Iv . Fm
t]mfnadpw mkv n. \psS kzm`mhnI ddpw t]mfna
IpSpw_nsSpw.
Hcp]mSv Xcw mknIv Dv. cmkLS\bnse hyXymkamWv
sshPmXyn\p ASnm\w. Cu hyXymkw AhbpsS kz`mh
nepw {]Xnênpw. NneXv \ _eaphbmbncnpw. NneXn\p
IqSpX NqSv Xmm tijnbpmIpw. ap Nneh IqSpX
hgph (flexible) kz`mhaphbmWv. ChbpsS D]tbmKhpw
Cu kz`mh khntijXI\pkcnmWv. HmtcmXcw mknpw
D]tbmKnv \nnp hkv XpfpsS ASnm\n Ah
XncndnbpIbmbncnpw \apv Ffpw.
56
mkvnns\ s]mXphn cmbn Xncnmw . Hv sXtam
mnpI. Ch kwkvIcWn\v (Recyclable) hgphbmWv.
Fm ssPh amen\yw t]mseb. hnPn mnIv (virgin plas-
tic) cp aqp XhW am{Xta do ssknn\p hnt[bamm
Ignbq. Hmtcm Lnepw mnns in KWyambn bnpw.
]ns Dt]npItb cbpq. AsXmw amen\yambn, `qanp
ta BhcWambn InSpw. am{Xa do ssknn \ndhpw,
_ehpw Hs DmIm A[nIambn cmkhkvXp tNpw.
CsXw IqSpX hnjabamWv.
hm t_mnepw apw Dmp PET (polyethylene tereph-
thalate), ]m hcp Ih, Isbn\dpI Fnh Dmp
HDPE (High-denstiy polyethylene), InpIfpw apw Dmp
LDPE (Low denstiy polyethylene), tI_nfpI, ss]v FnhbpsS
\nmWn\v D]tbmKnp PVC (polyvinyl chloride), s]mXn
bm D]tbmKnp t\ mnIv jopw apw Dmp PP
(polypropylene), ]nnSnm ]m{Xfn (non-stick cookware)
]qim (coating) D]tbmKnp teflon (poly tetra fluoro ethylene
(PTFE)), CD, DVD FnhbpsS \nmWn D]tbmKnp
PS (Polystyrene) Fnhsbmw sXtam mnpIfmWv.
sXtamskv (thermoset plastic) mn mWv asmcp
s]mXphn`mKw. mnIv B`cW, _WpI Fmw \nn
p Bakelite, dq^nMv jopI \nnp t]mfn Im_tWv
(PC), Ip j\p I, _p jp I Fn hsbmw \n n m
D]tbmKnp Polyurethane, ss\tem (nylone) (\psS \qev
Xs) Fnhsbmw Cu KWn hcpw. ChbpsS kz`mhw
\apdnbmw. InbpcpIpw. hmsX In ]nSnp InSpw. Cs\
DcpIn I ]nSnm Ch ]ns ]gb coXnbntev amm (remould)
Ignbn. As\ InSpw. Ch s]mXphn dossknn\p
hgn. t]v , acppI FnhbpsSsbmw Sq_pI, Ih
Fn h Dmp multilayer laminated palstic-Dw CtX
kz`mhaphbmWv .
ap cv ]Zmsfbpw At]nv mnn\v ]e ta
Ifpapv. `mcpdhv, _ewIqSpX, Ipd {Zhn \ncv, GXp
cq]nepw sskknepw Dev]fmn ammsa ta, ]ns
hnepdhpw. temltfbpw kndmanIvknt\bpw At]nv m
nn\v IqSpX D]tbmKw DmIpXv Cu KpWhntij
sImmWv. 1950 5 Ziew S am{Xambncpp temIs
mnIv D]t`mKw. Ctm AXv GXmv 100 Ziew S ISn
cnpp.
57
mnIv krjvSnp amen\y {]Xnkn
Ifn m apX hnam \ ns \nm W n\v hsc
mnIv Hgnhmm\mIm ]ZmamWv. Ir{Xna AhbhfpsS
\nnXnbnepw mnIv {][m\w Xs. hop]IcWfpw NnInm
D]IcWfpw Fn\v mnIv Hgnhmn a\pjyPohnXw aptmp
t]mIpI kmyam \ne. AtXkabw BsI mnIv D]tbm
Kns 35 iXam\w ]mtPnn\mWv D]tbmKnpXv. Cu
]mtPnMv saocnbepIfmWv mnn\v Cs hn ]cn
thjw \evInbnpXv.
]nI 7.1
mnns D]tbmKw
taJe iXam\w
taJe]mtPnMv 35
\nmWw 23
CeIv{Sn/CeIvt{SmWnIv hkvXp 8
hop]IcW 8
KXmKXw 8
Irjn 7
Ifnm 3
NnIn 2
sNcpv \nmWw 2
aph 3
Source: Plastic and Environment - Centre for Excellence in
Environmental Economics. Madras School of Economics
BtKm f X e n \K c am en \y ns 2.6 iX am \ amWv
mnIv amen\yw. Cybn CXv 0.6 iXam\w am{XamWv. Fm
tIcfnse \Kc{]tZifn amen\ynse mnns Afhv
4 apX 6 iXam\w hscbmWv . hnIknX cmPyfnse 8 iX
am\nt\mSv ASpp \nevp nXnbmWnXv. Bepg \Kc
nse mnns Afhpw Cu IWnt\mSv Hpt]mIpXmWv.
D]tbmKnv hensdnbp PohnX{IaamWv mnIv amen\y
ns h\hn\v ImcWw Fp hyamWv . ssPhamen\yw
mnIv Iymcn_mKpIfn sIn hensdnbpXv mnnsbpw
ssPh am en \y n sbpw kwkv I cWw Akm y am p I bm Wv .
\psS D]tbmK{IaamWv mnns\ ]cnnXn {]iv\fn
58
{]XnbmIpXn\v {][m\ ImcWw. Cu {Ian am hcpn
sImp am{Xta mnIv amen\yw \apv ssIImcyw sNm\mIq.
{Zhn msX e W n\v hjw an InS p mnIv
ans apIXew aqSn shw DundpXpw Poh s]mSn
pXpsamw XSbpw. shhpw hmbphpw ISmsX, ssPh{]
{InbI XSbsv ans acWambncnpw êw. an InS
p mnIv {Zhnnsnepw hnLSnsSpw. As\bpmIp
cmkhkvXp anepw Penepw ]Scpw. \psS \Kcamen\y
n L\temlfpsS B[nIyw \mw t\cs IXmWv. L\
temlfn ]eXpw amcItcmK hcpn shpXmsWpw
\mw Ip. Ccn A]ISIcamb coXnbnemWv \mw mnIv
ssIImcyw sNpXv FXmWv {]iv\w. hyXykvX ]Zm
an AenptNcpXn\v FSpp Imebfhv ]nIbn.
]nI 7.2
an Aenp tNcm hyXykvX
]Zmv th Imebfhv
hkv Xp (hjw)
mnIv _mKv 10 ew
Aeqan\nbw 200500
Sn 80100
Ubm ] 500600
seX jq 4050
XSn 1015
XpWnkn 5 amkw
t] _mKv 1 amkw
ssPhamen\yw 3050 Znhkw
mnIv Inv {]iv\w Xomtam?
hoSpIfnepw \Kcamen\yw ssIImcyw sNp efnepw
]e tmgpw mnIv In p I bmWv sNp Xv . bmUp I fn
\smcp]v ehpw \Kcamen\ytmsSmw Fp mnIv
ssIbSpw. sNfnbpw shhpsamap mnIvv Bcpw dossk
nn\v kzoIcnpIbpan. ]ns InpI am{XamIpw hgn.
Fmw Iqnbnv Xo sImfppw. Ingnm CXns Afhv
KWyambn Npcppw. _mn an Xs InSpIbpw sNpw.
CXmWv Ctmgs coXn. mnIv InpXv hfsc A]IS
IcamWv. Inptm mnns cmkLS\ amdpIbpw amc
59
Iamb hnjhmXI DmIpIbpw sNpw. A]ISImcnIfmb
L\teml anepw Penepw Iecpw. ]n hn kn Inp
tm ]pdphcp UtbmIvkn, ^yqdm, hnss\ tmssdUv
XpSnb hmXI amcIamb izmktImi Imkdn\v hgnshpw
Fv ]T\fn Isnbnpv. Ipj\pIfnepw apw D]tbm
Knp t^mw (Poly Urethene foam) Inptm Imkdn\v
Imc W am tb m hp A] Xn e [nIw cmk ] Zm fmWt{X
]pdphcpXv. th{X HmIvknP kmnyanmsX ]n hn kn
t{]mkkv sNbvXm amcIamb Im_ tamtWmIvsskUv Dm
Ipw. \psS \mnse mnIv kw`cW tI{fnsems amcI
amb Cu In \SpIbmWv. sNdpam{XI t]mepw Imk
dn\pw apw hgnshp cmkhkvXp ]pdphnSp mnIv
amen\yw AXy[nIw A{itbmsSbmWv ssIImcyw sNpXv.
\apv FmWv sNm IgnbpI? `qan \nIen\v mnIv
D]tbmKnm A]ISImcnIfmb hkv Xp anepw sh
nepw Iecpw. Ctm Xs tIcfnse \Kcamen\yn
L\temlfpsS Afhv IqSpXemWv. mnns D]tbmKhpw
hensdnbepw XpSm KpcpXc {]XymLmX DmhpIbpw
sNpw.
60
mn n s kwkv IcWw t\cn Sp Cu hn jakn
aphgnI At\zjntXv A\nhmcyamnbncnpp. tI{
aen\oIcW \nb{W t_mUv Nne kmyXI NqnmWn
ppv. B kmyXI Hv ]cntim[nmw.
kwkvIcW kmyXI
8 Ziew S mkvnmWv {]Xnhjw \psS cmPyv
D]tbmKnpXv. Npcpnb Imen\pn Xs CXns 70
iXam\hpw amen\yambn amdpp FmWv tI{ aen\oIcW
\nb{W t_mUns IWv. CsXs\bmWv kwkvIcnpI
FXn\v IrXyamb [mcW Ctmgpw \nehnen. cmPys
Ccp]n Ambncn A[nIw dossknMv bpWnpIfn
\smcp ]pw tNcnIfpsS ]nmpdv ISp aen\oIcWw
krnp hn[nemWv {]hnpsXv a{Zmkv kv Iq
Hm^v CtWmanIv kn \S Hcp ]T\w NqnmWnpp.
]mcnnXnI am\Z ]menpsImp Hcp dossknMv
bqWnv Inpgn tmp ]mbns B`napJyn
Bepgbn \Sp. ew hmn NppaXnepw ]WnXp. Fm
ipNnXzanjs AwKoImcw ]Xnp e`nn. C\nbntm ap
kmtXn Ihn ZKv [cpsS klmbtmsS tmn s X\Xp
^p]tbmKnv Ccsamcp imkv {Xob dossknMv mp
m]npXn\p {ia \Sppv.
tdmUp Smdnn\p mnIv
t]pw t]pw hmIfn \ndbp HmWv mkvnIv
D]tbmKnp tdmUp SmdnMv . CsXmcp kmyXbmbn tI{
aen\oIcW \nb{W t_mUv NqnmWnpp. Agpp
\onb mnIv cp apX \mev ann ao hsc henn
AcnbpIbmWv (shredding) BZyw sNpI. saepw apw (stone
aggregate) 160-170 Un{Kn NqSmn Acn mnIv AXntep
tNpp. Smdn n \p]tbmKn p hkv XpfpsS BsI
`mcns 10 iXam\w (10% w/w) mnIv tNmw. CXntev
150-160 Un{Kn NqSn Sm Dcpn tNpp. Cu an{inXw tdmUv
Smdnn\v D]tbmKnpp.
mnIv DcpIn tNcptXmsS Dntev shw CdpXv
XSbsSpw. tdmUp s]mfnp IpgnI DmIm\p kmyX
CtXmsS Ipdbpat{X. CXv tIcfn\v henb D]Imcambncnpw.
mnIv tdmUpI ]p sImmew tISp IqSmsX \nevpsav
]dbsSpp. CXns hym]Iamb {]mtbmKnI kmyXI
61
ASnbcambn tXSWw.
Hcp Imcyw HmWw. sXtam mnIv am{Xta CXn
D]tbmKnm Ignbq. Ipd ssat{Im D InpI Hpw
ChnsS ]n. Agpp \on, XcwXncn mnIv am{Xta CXnepw
D]tbmKnm Ignbq. hensdnm CsXmpw \Sn
Fw. Fmcw mnpw Cw t]mse D]tbmKnv hen
sdnmepw {]iv\w kmtXnIhnZy ]cnlcnp sImpw F
kao]\w ]n Fv kmcw. \psS coXnIfn amw IqSntb Xocq.
amen\yn\npw C\w
knsa v \nmWnepw apw {][m\ C\n\pw
AkwkvIrX hkvXppsamw (Co-processing) mnpw av
amen\yfpw D]tbmKnp XpSnbnpv. hfscb[nIw Duw
Bhiyap HmWv knsap hyhkmbhpw apw. knsap
NqfIfn _Z DuambnmWv mnn \npw kwkvIcns
Spp C\w D]tbmKnpXv . \Kcamen\yn\npw
thXncnp mnIv Dt{]cIfpsS klmbm Inv
(Catalytic Pyrolisis) {Zh C\amn (Liquid refuse derived oil)
C\amn ampp. {]tXyIw cq]Iev]\ sNbvX dnbmIvSdpI
fn 350 skjykv NqSnemWv Cu {]{Inb \SpI. C\hpw
Kymkpw Ipdp dnbpamWv DmIpXv. Cu Dev]sfmw
D]tbmK{]ZamWv FmWv tI{ aen\oIcW \nb{W t_mUv
am\Zfn ]dbpXv . CXv ASnm\]cambn In
(Incineration) XsbmWv.
mkvam ss]tdmenknkv
amen\ys HmIv knPs Akmnyn hnLSnnv
hmXIfmn amp {]{InbbmWv mkvam ss]tdmenknkn
\SpXv. Ckn\tddpIfnsetmse amen\yw InpIb
ChnsS sNpXv . Db sshZypXn ISnhnv krjv Snp
CeIv{Sn Bn amen\yw hnLSnv hmXIfmbn amdpp.
aotY, Im_ tamtWmIvsskUv, Im_ UtbmIvsskUv,
ssl{UP, sslt{Um Im_WpI FnhbmWv Hmw
Ln cq]sSpXv. Cu hmXI Db thmXbn
Inptm Im_ UtbmIvsskUpw Pehpw DmIpp.
CXmWv mkvam ss]tdmenknkn (Plasma Pyrolisis) \SpXv.
amcIamb hnjhmXI DmIm\p kmyX hncfamWv
FXmWv CXn s ]mcn n Xn I ta. Fm CXn s
sshZypXnsehv Xmm\mhn. mkvam Ihdn\pnse NqSv
62
13870 Un{Kn hscsbpw. Cu NqSns\ mns ]pdtmSn (shell)
FmsX XSbp sse\dpI Cu kwhn[m\ns {][m\
`mKamWv . CXn\v Xmm\mhm hnebmWv . CXv hjmhjw
amtnbpw hcpw. CXn\ms mkv am ss]tdmenknkv
\KckÌp Xmmhp Hcp kwhn[m\a.
enk
mnIv amen\yw ASnbc ]cn]mSn
mnns Dev]mZ\nepw AXp]tbmKnp hnhn[
hkvXpfpsS \nmWnepw mnns kwkvIcWnepw
CtXnt\m ]cnnXn kulrZ]camb coXnIfpw apw
DmIWw. \psS \mnse mnIv dossknMv tI{sfmpw
bmsXmcp ]cnnXn kpcbpw ]menmsXbmWv {]hnp
sXv ]T\ NqnmWnnpv . 17 iXam\w hmjnI
hfm \n cv tcJ s Sp p Hcp kqtcym Zb hyh km b amWv
mnIv hyhkmbw. 1999 hnPn mnIv hyhkmbn 3000
tImSn cq]bpsS Dev]mZ\amWv \SXv. mnIv dossknMv hyh
kmbnse tS Hmh 6500 tImSn cq]bmbncpp. C{Xbpw _rl
mb Hcp hyhkmbn\v IqSpX ]cnnXn kulrZ]camb
t{]mtmtImfpI DmtXv Hcp tZiob DchmZnamWv.
\Kcamen\ynse mnIv ssIImcyw sNpXn\v Hcp ]cn
]mSn \mw cq]sSpWw. mnIv hensdnbp coXnsbnepw
amdntb aXnbmIq. ssPhamen\yns Imcynset]mse Chn
sSbpw Ipdbv pXpw ]p\cp]tbmKnpXpw kmaqly ey
fmbn amdWw. mnIv D]tbmKns 35 iXam\w ]mtPnMv
saocnbepIfmbnmWv Fp \mw Itm? CXn Ipdhp hcp
m Ignbnt? `wKnbmbn ]mbvp sNbvX Hcp hkvXp hopw
Hcp mnIv IqSnempXv Fn\mWv? Cp \mw hym]Iambn
D] tbm Kn p mnIv Inp Iv ]Icw hbv m ]cn n
Xnbvv CWp _mKpI DmnqtS?
"\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw ]Xn' Ccw Hcp _Z
Dev] \nmWn\pw {]NcWn\pw apssIsbSppw. Cu
]XnbpsS C\nbp {][m\ DuepIfnsemv Ccw _Z
Dev] \nnv {]NcnnpIbmWv. IpSpw_{io bqWnpI
fn \npw Abqfn\npw sXcsSpph tNv
cq]oIcnp BIvSnhnn {KqpIfmbncnpw Cu {]h\n
GsSpI. CXn\v _mv entPv DdmpXn\pw hn]W\n
\psamw \ne`h\w ]Xn apssIsbSppw.
mnIv Imcn_mKpI A\mIjIamIWw. Cv ]dnbpw
63
Blmc]Zmfpw hmptm kuP\yambn Inp Inns
hne `yhkvXpfnepw apw Hfnv tNnpv. Inns Imcy
n \apv s]sv t_myssp hcn. Fm Blmcw
]mk sNptm ]e apnb tlmepIfnepw Ctm Nmv
{]tXyIambn CuSmpnt? AXpt]mse Imcn_mKpI Bh
iyaph ]Ww sImSpv hmp \ne hcWw. ]e kq am
pIfpw Ccn Imcn_mKpIv {]tXyI]Ww CuSmp
pv. AtXmsS knbpambn hv km[\w hmphcpsS Fw
IqSppv. X hnevp hkvXpfn hne Hfnp tNv
kuP\yw F `mth\ \evIm IgnbpXnt\m Dbhne
mnIv InpIv hcWw. AXn\v Db \nIpXn CuSmtn
hcpw. 40 ssat{ImWn Xmsgbp mnIv Imcn_mKpI ]q
ambpw \ntcm[nm\mWv \Kck` Xocpam\nnpXv. AXn\p apI
fnep Imcn_mKpI \Kck`bn \nnXôkv HSpn ko
sNbvXv hmtn hcpw. Amh A\phZnn. mnIv _mKp
Ifn ASnpXpw \nb{ntXpv . XfpsS m]\
ns ]ckyw F \nebn mnIv IqSpI D]tbmKnm\m
hm nXn hcp tm kuP\yw \ev Ip Xv Ipd t pw.
HutZymKnI kwhn[m\fn Ccw ssekknMv coXn Gs
Spptm DmImhp {]iv\ ad Cu \nb{Wn\v
\Kck` apXncpXv. B {]iv\ adnIStn hcpw.
C\nbpw A\nhmcyambpmIp mnIv Nnbmbn kw`cnp
Xn\p ]cn]mSn cq]sSpm\mWv {ianpXv. hmSvk _p
IfneqsSbp mnIv kw`cWn\p ]cn]mSn t\ct hni
ZoIcntm? sNfnbpw apw \on DWn kqnp mnIv
\Kck` kw`cnpXn\mWv ]cn]mSn CSpXv. Hmtcm hmUnepw
{]tXyI mnIv If t]mbnpI DmIpw. AhnsS \nnX
CS th f I fn \K c k ` bpsS hml\w Fn mnIv tiJ
cnpIbpw dntkmgvkv dnhdn tI{nsenpIbpw thWw.
dntkmgvkv skdn\v amen\ykwkvIcW tI{ns a\w aSpn
p AcoamIcpXv. _n\mse IemImcm AWnbnsmcp
nb hgntcnbnse Gtdm_nIv _n t]mse Bpw Ibdn
\nevm ]p IuXpIapWp Hcp B[p\nI kwhn[m\
ambn AhnSw amWw.
64
2012 se agmew ktmZb]pcs {]Xntj[w s]mns
dnbnsenp. {]XnZn\w 3040 S amen\yw Fnncp hnI
\mpIm XSp. ]Xnhpt]mse NI. HSphn {]XnZn\w 5
temUv am{Xw A\p h Znmw F [mc W bnsen. \K c n
\npw tiJcnp _mn amen\yw FmWv sNpI? F{X\m
Ipgn p aqSpw? kXyw ]dm \Kcn amen\yw Ipgnp
aqSm\p s]mXpew Cm Ahbmbn. sXcpthmc
IpsmnIfmbn.
dkn U v kv Atkmkn tbj\p Ifp sSbp w Ip Sp w_{ io
{]hIcpsSbpw ]uc{]apJcpsSbpw Hcp skan\m \Kck`
hnfnpIqn. kpZoLamb {]kwKsmSphn DdhnSn
s amen\yw thXncnWsap Xocpam\np. ssPhamen\yw
am{Xw ktmZb]pctp sImpt]mhpI. CXn\mbn Fm
\ hknpw hoSpIfn
\psS \mS NIfn
`Wime, sXmgnime
hnev]\imeIsfnhbn
Dmbv hcpsamcp amen\y
IbnSfnsednbcptX .
AcptX AcptX sNcptX .
sNcpXmXv sNcptX.
amen\y \mn\ndm
sImXpIpI CuI s]cpInt
IpSnshn hmbphn
amcItcmKmWp Iecnt
XpSp\onb ]Ihym[nI
Xnct]m XncnphcpInt
anw, tImfd, Nnp
Kp\nb, sUn\n ]ns
av, ae\n, bs\ ]e]e
hym[nIfnhnsS ]Scnt
\msSmcp NpSpImSmhnt.
(ipNnXz IemPmYbnse Km\w)
8
B]v Ahkcamn
\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw
65
honepw cp _pI apknmenn \evIWsap [mcWm
bmbn. _p hmnsbnepw ImeXmakapmbn. AXn\nsS
apknmennv ssIImcyw sNm\mhmhn[w KmlnI amen\y
fpsS kw`cWw s]cpIn. o tIcf kvIoan {]hnncp
IpSpw_{io {]hI hoSpIfn\nv amen\yw kzoIcnp
k{Zmbw \nehnhXns\ XpSv t\cs hons
kwkv Icnncp amen\yw t]mepw thXncnmsX apknm
ennbpsS Xebn sInshp nXnbmbn. KXycanmsX
apknmenn hoSpIfn\np kw`cWw \nemn. ]t,
CXpsImv {]iv \w Xocntm. sXcphpI fnse amen\yq
mc hepXmbnsmncpp.
XmevmenI DSSnIfpsS ASnm\n A\Imew amen
\y {] Xn kn adn I S m \m hn Fp hy am Ip I bm bn cp p.
ktmZb]pctv A\phZn 45 temUv F Afhntev
amen \y h chv Ipd bv p sX s\? \K c n IppIqSp
amen\yw Insv \Snv aptmp t]mIm\mIpambncpn. Hcp
adp amw A\n hm cy amb kml N cyw. ap\nknmennbpsS
B`napJyn hopw Hcp kIn skan\m \Sp. Xnn
\nd ap\nknlmfn ]nsbpw kpZoLamb {]kwKfp
mbn. ]t, Hcp êhpw Dmbn. Cu ]menemWv
"\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw ]Xn' cq]w sImXv.
XpSw InSmw]dn
2012 BKkvXn Bepg \ntbmPI aen s] \Kc
k`m Iukn e am cp ambn \S nb N bn ] Xnv Hcp
hmUn XpSanSm Xocpam\npIbmbncpp. InSmw]dv Xmc
Xtay\ sNdnb hmUmWv. \ ]pw A`ykvXhnZycmb ayh
m cpsS hoSp I. Aev ]w ]Wsehv h cp Dd hnS amen\y
kwkv IcW DZyatfmSv klIcnm Chv {]bmkapm
In Fp tXmn. dknUv Atkmkntbj\pIfpsS k{Inb
kmnyambncpp asmcp A\pIqeLSIw. B]ns\ Ahk
camn Hcp ]pXphgn tXSnbp ]cn{iaw. 2012 sk]vXw_ 2 \v
InS mw ] dv hmUnse dkn Ukv Atkm kn tb j \p I fpsS
tbmKn BWv "\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw ]Xn' Hu]
NmcnIambn P\fpsS apn AhXcnnXv. {]Xo sXnbn
InSmw]dpIm ]Xn GsSpp. Xosc ]cnNbanm Hcp
Dyaw GsSpptm DmIp BiIfpw apw Dmbn.
Fm AXv ]conm Xs Xocpam\np. Cs hgn
A[nIw aptmv t]mIn Fv Fmhpw t_myambncpp.
66
imkv {XkmlnXy]cnjv {]hIcpw P\Iobmkq{XW
{ ]h\fn ]mfn Ifmbn cp k { ] h Icpw
IqSnbmtemN\Ifn knlnXcmbncpp. imkv{XkmlnXy ]cn
jn\v {KmaoW kmtXnI hnZybn KthjWw \Sp Hcp
m]\hpapv. ]mems apqcnep IRTC (Integrated Rural
Technology Centre)bpsS Hcp apKW\m KthjWtaJebmWv \K
c am en \y kw kv I c Ww. C c n A\p ` h fp k {]
hIcpsS kmnyw Fp coXnIfmWv ChnsS Ahew_nt
Xv F Xocpam\n FpXn\v klmbIambn. As\
hopamen\yw hfamtbm C\amtbm ampXn\p ktX
hoSpIfn m]npI FXmWv apKW\m ]cn]mSn F \nK
a\nsen. ItmpIfpw _tbmKymkv mpIfpw ]camh[n
hoSpIfn m]npI. hoSpIsf \neampI. AXphgn \K
csbpw. CXmWv "\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw' F t]cnse
m ImcWw. \n {Kmw A`nbm F t]cnsemcp tI{m
hnjvIrX ]Xn \nehneppXm\pw.
]mc tcy Xc Du cw Ks km cns t\mU
GPknbmWv ANERT (Agency for Non-conventional Energy &
Rural Technology). Chv kwm\smSpambn 2000 _tbm
Kymkv mpI m]npXn\p Hcp ]cn]mSn \nehnepm
bncpp. CXn Ipdsw XcsSpm\mbn {iaw. ANERTs
NpaXebp a{n {io. BcymS aplZn\v Bepg Fw F
F \ev Inb \nthZ\ns ASnm\n 500 ^nIv kUv
mpIv {]tXyI A\paXn \evIn. GXmbmepw Bepg Pn
bpsS Izmmbn\npw BZyw Xmdmb InSmw]dn _tbm
Kymkv mv m]nm Xocpam\np. InSmw]dv tkm\p \nhm
kn ip`bpsS honemWv "\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw' ]Xn
bpsS `mKambn BZy _tbmKymkv mv m]npXv 2012 \hw
_ 3 \v .
Hcp amks BtemN\Ifpw NIfpsamw Bbtm
IqSpX hmUpI ]Xnbn ]mfnIfmIm kambn.
As\ "\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw' ]Xn 12 hmUpIfntev
hym]nnm Xocpam\np. 1. InSmw]dv 2. IdpIbn 3. Imfmv
4. IcfIw 5. PnmtmSXn 6. Aheqpv 7. tXmIpfc 8.
B{iaw 9. sImmSn 10. Xptmfn 11. Nm\mSv 12. tUnbw
FnhbmWv Cu hmUpI. ]Xn 12 hmUpIfn tev
hym]nnm Xocpam\ntXmsS ANERTs PnmIzmbn ep
mpI sImv HpamIn F \ne hp. tIm{Iov
dnpI Ipgnnv AXn\papIfn ^vtfmnMv tUmw (hmXI Ad)
67
^nv sNp tamUemWv m]nncpXv. hfsc Ipdv ew
am{Xap hoSpIfn Cu ^nIv kUv tamU kzoImcyamIm
n Xn hp. Iq SpX HXpn b FSpp ammhpXcw
mpIfntev FpXv As\bmWv . IRTC Ccsamcp
tamU Isn kmcns AwKoImcw hmnbncpp. Cu
{]h\fpsS A{IUnUv GPknbmbn IRTCsb km
AwKoIcnpIbpw sNbvXncpp.
GXp Xcnep _tbmKymkv mmbmepw AXv Ipdv
sNethdnbXmWv. ^nIvkUv mpIv 17500 cq]bpw t]m_n
tamUen\v 13500 cq]bpw. CXns 50 iXam\w ipNnXzanj aptJ\
k_v kn Unbmbn Inpw ]t, CXpw XpSn hopImc
apSWw. k_vknUn hnlnXw Bscsbnepw sImv AUzmkv
sNnmw Fpshmepw hopSabpsS hnlnXw Xs Fmhsc
smpw XmmhpX. am{Xa _tbmKymkv mv Bhiys
Sp NnI ]menm Ignbm hoSpIfpapv. Znhktfmfw
BfpI enm kmlNcyw hcp hoSpIfpv. AhnsS
_tbmKymkv mpI A\ptbmPya. e]cn an Xn bpw
{]iv \amWv . AhnsS asmcp amw thWw. efnXamb ss]v
Itmntev FpXv As\bmWv.
hmUn icmicn 1000 hoSpI Fp IWmnbm 12
hmUnembn 12000 hoSpI. AhnsS DdhnS amen\y kwkvIcW
n\v Hcp {]tXyI ]Xn Xmdmtnbncpp. hopImv
kzoImcyamb kwkv IcWktXw Fsdnbm eLphmb
tNmZymhen D]tbmKnv Hcp kt \Sn. A`ncpNnsb kw_
nv Hcp {]mYanI [mcW e`npI FXpam{Xambncpp kt
bpsS eyw. CXn\np e`n {]mYanI [mcWbpsS ASnm\
nemWv ipNnXz anj\v t{]mPIvSv \ntiw kanXv.
4.675 tImSn cq] ASep ]Xnbmbncpp ipNnXzanj\v
kanXv. 2.475 tImSn cq] k_vknUnbpw 2.2 tImSn cq] KpW
t`mr hnlnXhpap ]Xn. CXp {]Imcw ]{p hmUpI
fn 1 m3 tijnbp 2500 t]m_n _tbmKymkv mpIfpw
5250 ss]v Itmp bqWnpIfpw 500 anc Itmpw 1500
t]mv Itmv bqWnpIfpw 1200 dnMv Itmp bqWnpIfpamWv
]Xn \ntin DsmnncpXv . CXn\p ]pdsabmWv
As\ns 500 ^nIvkUv _tbmKymkv mpI.
1 m3 t]m_n _tbmKymkv mpImbncpp \ntiw
kanncpsXnepw ipNnXzanj AwKoIcnXv 0.5m3
mpIfmWv. A\p`hns ASnm\n 0.5 m3 t]m_n
_tbmKymkv mpI Bepgbn kzoImcyambncpn.
68
Fm 4 t]cSp IpSpw_ns ASpf amen\y
ssIImcyw sNpXn\v 0.5 m3 _tbmKymkv mpI aXn
Fmbncpp ipNnXzanj hnZKvtm]tZins ASnm\n
senb \nKa\w. CXmIs s]mXphn AkzoImcyhpambncpp.
ipNnXzanjs Cu Xocpam\w amn hm PmtmSpIqSnb 1 m3
mn\v A\paXn t\SnsbSpm Ipsd ]WnstSn hp.
HSphn 12 hmUpIfnse ]Xnv AwKoImcambn.
kvXw`\s apdnp ISpp
BZys cp amkw AXnthKn _tbmKymkv mp
IfpsS m]\w aptdn. Znhkw tXmdpw 1015 mpI m]np.
250mw mns m]\hpw 500mw mns m]\hpw
BtLmj]qw sImmSn. 1000mas _tbmKymkv mns
XobXnbpw {]Jym]np. ]t, XpSnse t]mse Bhiym
aptmv hcmXmbn. {]h\ kvXw`\nepambn. FhnsStbm
Ipgapsv hyambn. _tbmKymkv mv sh hoSpIsfmw
Fw F F ASaph kinp. AtmgmWv Imcy
hyambXv . mpIfn Iptdsbw {]h\clnXamWv .
{ ]hn phscpdn mIs, hfsctbsd ]cmXn Ifpw.
hmsamgnbmbn Bt]w FmbnSfn tepw ]cncn p
p. \mbn {]hnp _tbmKymkv mpIsfpdn
{]hnm Npcpw Nnehsbpdnmbn kwkmcw
apgph\pw. ]Xn kvXw`\ntev \opIbmsWv hyambn
cpp.
Hcp hnZKv Sow Fm _tbmKymkv mpIfpw ]cntim[nv
{]iv\ XnsSpn. ]IpXnbntesd {]iv\ D]t`mm
fpsS A\pNnXamb {]h\ aqeamsWv hyambncpp.
mv m]nXn\ptijw Kymkv hcpXn\p ap]v amen\y
\nt]nh GsdbmWv. CXv Kymkv Dev]mZ\s XzcnXsSp
psamWv Ah IcpXnbXv. ]t êw t\sc adnmbncpp.
thsd Nnecmhs IqSpX Kymkv e`npsap Zpcm{Klw
sImv hfsctbsd Afhn amen\y \nt]np. ASp
honse IeymWn\p _mn h _ncnbmWn apgph\pw
_tbmKymkv mn Ipnbnb IpSpw_sbpw Ip.
aqmasXmcp Iqcmhs ]gsmenbpw henb aoXebpsamw
_tbmKymkv mntev Xntnbhcmbncpp. Chsbms
CSmw, ]t, \pdpWsap am{Xw. ap, \mc XpSnbh
mn \nt]nmt\ ]mSn. Ah sImnhcpsS mpIfpw
tISmbn.
69
Ccn {]iv \ IqSpX DmbXv Hntesd
IpSpw_m Hcpanv D]tbmKnncp mpIfnemWv. kzambn
mpI m]nmhcpsS Ahin AbmcpsS
mn \nt]nm t{]cnnncpp. As\ GXm\pw
IpSpw_fpsS dnemWv mpI m]nXv Cu ]coWw
{]mtbmKnIasv sXfnp. ]e hopImcmIptm tat\mw
icnbmbn \Sn. HcmfpsS \ncpchmZ]camb s]cpamw
aXnbtm Imcy AhXmfnemm.
CXn\npw Rsfmcp ]mTw ]Tnp. hniZamb D]t`mr
hnZym`ymkw A\nhmcyamWv , mpI shpXn\p ap]pw
tijhpw. D]t`mmp ]cnioe\ ]cn]mSn AXphsc
dknUkv Atkmkntbjs ASnm\nemWv \SnbXv. B
tbmKfn BWpfmWv IqSpX ]sSpncpXv. bYm
D]t`mmfmb kv{XoIsf Imcy ]dp a\nemntb
Xocq, AXpw \mepw Apw IpSpw_fSnb sNdp {KqpIfn.
Ccsamcp ]cnioe\ ]cn]mSnbv v ipNnXzanj AwKoImcw
\ev In.
Fm ]IpXntbmfw ]cmXnI \SnpImcpsS `mKv
\n p hogv NIfpsS êambn cpp. ]camh[n mpI
shm\p [rXnbn sNdnb Imcy ]eXpw hnp t]mbn. Hcp
FIv j ow Hcp Znhkn ctm aqtm mn\pdw
m]ntXn Fv Xocpam\np. kmtXnIambn h Nne
]nghpIfpw Dmbncpp. NmWIns KpWnepw Afhnepw
Dmb A]cym]vXXbmbncpp Ghpw {][m\w. Cmcyn
]pXnb am\Z \nbnsp. ]cmXn Innbm DSs\
{]XnIcWansp Bt]w hfscbpmbncpp.
_tbmKymkv mpIv CSbvnsS DmIp {]iv\
ASnbcambn ]cnlcnm ncw sabn\kv Soans\
insSpm Xocpam\np. Cu A\p`h ]mTsfpdnv
ASp Aymbn IqSpX hniZambn {]Xn]mZnppv.
GXmbmepw ta]d {]iv \ ]cnlcnpXn\pw
Xn cp \S]Sn I DdmpXn \pw thn Iymbn
ASnm\n ]pXnb mpI m]npXv \nnshp.
cp {]tXyI SoapI mpI kinv {]iv\w ]cnlcnp.
cv Uk mpI do ^n sNtn hp. AXmbXv
AXnep amen\ysfmw amn hopw NmWIw \ndp. CXv
AXoh ZpjvIcambncppshv ]dtbXntm. aqv Ukt\mfw
mpI do Nmp sNbvXp. AXmbXv HpIn A[nI NmWIw
Iensbmgnp. Asn \mbn {]hnp mpIfpsS
70
dn Hgnv do Nmv sNbvXp. asmcp \qtXmfw mpIfn
sNdnb tXmXnep dnbndnpIsf thn hpq. aqp amkw
Cs\ t]mbn. Atmtgpw 2013 se agmeambn. AXv
{]h\ hopw XpSpXn\p XSambn. Iymbn
hopw ]p\cmcw`npXn\v Hcp ]pXnb ap{ZmhmIyw thn hp.
AXmbncpp, kq ipNnXz {]Jym]\ ]cn]mSn.
kq ipNnXz]Zhn
sXcsSp s 12 hmUp I { ItaW kq
ipNnXzntev \oWw FXmbncpp eyw. FmWv
kq ipNnXzw? AXn\v Nne am\Z \nbnWam
bncpp. hmUn 25 iXam\w hoSpIfntem Asn 200 _tbm
Kymkv mpItfm m]nWsaXmWv Hmas am\Zw.
_tbmKymkp mpw ss]p Itmpw tNm ]IpXn
hoSpIfnsenepw DdhnS amen\y kwkv IcWw DmbncnWw.
Fm hoSpIfnepw ssPhAssPh amen\y thXncnpIbpw
hon kwkv Icnm ssPhamen\y Znhkw tXmdpw
ap\nknmenn hnIfnsenm kwhn[m\w DmIpIbpw
thWw mnIv kw`cnv \nbns tI{fnsenm
kwhn[m\apmIWw. Cu ey ssIhcnp hmUpI
v kq ipNnXz ]Zhn \evIpsap Xocpam\np.
71
Hcp Ln kq ipNnXz {]Jym]\n\v apJya{n
bpsS ]cn]mSnbpw \nbnp. B Znhkn\Iw kq
ipNnXz]Zhn ssIhcnp \nnX eyfnsep GXp
hmUnt\bpw kq ipNnXz hmUmbn apJya{n {]Jym]n
pXmbncpp NSv . ""\nfpsS hmUv kq ipNnXz
hmUmtWm, Fn Cbn ey t\SWw'' Fv ImWnv
t]mdpI {]Ncnnp. Zu`mKyhim apJya{nbpsS ]cn]mSn
Atlns AkuIcyw \Sn. Nne Ip_pnI CSs]v
apJya{nsb ]nncnnpIbmbncpp Fv ]noSv a\nembn.
apJya{nbpsS ]cn]mSn dmnbtXmsS ac_pym hmUpI
fn \S {]h\hpw aKXnbnembn.
Cu k`n Hcp kp{][m\ kw`hapmbn. tIcfm
shn\dn kIemimebpsS Xpqsamgn ^man \psS \mSn\p
tN hn[w cq]mcsSpnb _n ItmnMv kwhn[m\w
Bepgbn m]n p. CXv ipNn Xz an js AwKoImcw
Hu]NmcnIambn e`nnnm Hcp kwkvIcW kwhn[m\amWv.
]t, ]coWmSnm\n Bepgbn CXp \SmnbXv
hnPbambn. sXcpthmcv Gtdm_nIv Itmv _n m]nv
Hcp aen\oIcWhpanmsX ssPhamen\yw kwkv Icnm
Ignbpsap sXfnp. AXn\m hoSpIfn kwkv IcW
am m]nm kmyXbnmhv amen\yw XcwXncnv
Gtdm_nIv ItmnMv bqWnpIfnsenmw F \nebmbn.
Gtdm_nIv Itmns hym]\w kw_nv ASp Aymb
n hniZambn {]Xn]mZnppv
Hcp Lw IStm Fm hmUpIfpw Htc BthKn
aptmp\on Fp hyambn. t{]mPIv Sv hmUpIfn
Iymbn aptmpsImpt]mIm s]mXphmbn {ianptm
Xs AXnthKw Nne ey t\Sm Ignbp hmUpIfn
IqSpX {i \ev Im\pw Xocpam\np. ey A\ambn
\ontmIpXv Iymbn\ns Bthin\v AdpXn hcppw.
Nne efn thKw eynsenbm AXv av {]tZi
v {]tNmZ\hpamIpw. kq ipNn Xz ]Zhn p
am\Z IqSpX Iiamn. CXp {]Imcw hmUnse 80
iXam\w hoSpIfnsenepw GsXnepw DdhnS amen\y kwhn[m\w
m]nWw. CXn\p ]pdsa sXcphpIfpw s]mXp efpw
ipNnbmsWpdp hcpWw. Cu am\Z {]Imcw
IdpIbn, IcfIw, InSmw]dv hmUpIfmWv kq
ipNnXzw F eyw t\SnbXv.
72
\ne `h\w ]Xn \Kchym]IamIpp
ipNnXz Iymbns XpSns hniZamsbmcp ]Xn
\Kck` thn Xmdmn ipNnXzanj\p kanncpp. ]Xn
AwKoIcnm ImeXmakw hcpsav hyamb tmgmWv 12
hmUpIfnse ss]ev t{]mPIvv sImSpmm Xocpam\nXv. 2013
BKkvXv amkn \Kck`bpsS ]Xnpw AwKoImcw e`np.
12 hmUpIv ]pdsa asm hmUpIfpw CXn DsSpn.
2,98,79,700 cq] ASep ]Xnbn 1,64,09,775 cq] kwm\
km k_vknUnbpw 68,81,955 cq] \Kck`bpsS k_vknUn
bpamWv. 6587970 KpWt`mrhnlnXhpw km AwKoIcn Cu
]XnbneqsS 6533 ss]v Itmp bqWnpI, 1700 1 Fw3
t]m_n _tbmKymkv mpI, 100 0.5 Fw3 t]m_n
_tbmKymkv mpI Fnh m]npXn\mWv A\paXnbm
bXv. Ch m]np Ignbp apdbvv ]pXnb Hcp ]Xn IqSn
kanv AwKoImcw hmmsa [mcWbnemWv {]h\
\SpXv. hntI{oIrXmkq{XWnse ]Xn \Sns NnI
smmWv Cu kvIow \SmtXv.
hntI{oIrX Bkq{XWns NnI bm{nIambn
XocpXns sXfnhmWnXv . BKkv Xv amkn AwKoImcw
e`nnpw ]Xn XpSm GXmsmcp hjw Imncntn
hp. DZmlcWn\p hmUv kÌ IqSn KpWt`mr env
AwKoIcnm am{Xta ]Xn XpSm ]q Fmbncpp Nne
DtZymKcpsS imTyw. Bhiymsmw B\pIqeyw \evIm
]msX hcp kmlNcynemWv hmUv k` AwKoIcnp
D]t`mr env A\nhmcyamIpXv.
ChnsS AX nXn. Bhiymsmw _tbmKymkv
mtm, ss] Itmtm \ev Im\mWv ]cn]mSn. ]Xnbn
AwKoIcn Fw shv Ignmepw IqSpX Fw ipNnXz
anj A\phZnpw. sXmgnepdp t]mse Unamn\\pkcnv
\nbnsSp Hcp ]XnbmWv . Ccw Hcp ]Xnbn
BZyw hcphv BZyw F apdbv v _tbmKymkv mtm,
ss]v Itmtm hnXcWw \Snbm aXn. \o NIv
tijw hmUv kÌ hnfnp tNm Xocpam\np. At]m
t^md hnXcWw sNbv Xp. ]t, Fm hmUpkÌfpw
tNcmsX \Kck`bpsS KpWt`mr env ]qnbmhntm.
Cs\ 2014 BZyw hsc Imcy Cgp \on.
CXn\p tijhpw Htsd {]iv \ ]nsbpw Dbp.
k_v knUn Fs\ \ev Ipw? ]Xn \Snns kmtXnI
GPknbmb IRTC ]ment NnIfpsS Ipcpgnm
73
]nsbpw amk thn hp. DZmlcWn\vv Pnm anj
tImUnt\ \ntbmKnp DtZymK kwLw mpIfpsS
^nkn shcn^ntj \SnbtijamWv ipNnXz anjs
k_v knUn hnlnXw A\phZnpXv . kwm\ kmcns
ipNn Xz cwKs t\mU GPkn bmWv ipNn Xz an j.
Xtikzbw`cW m]\fpsS ipNnXz ]XnIv AwKo
Imcw \ev IpXpw ipNn Xz an j\mWv . Pn m ipNn Xz an j
]cntim[nv \mbn {]hnpp Fv kmysSpnb
mpIv ap\nkn k_v knUn \ev IpXn\v hopw Hcp
]cn tim[\ thtWm? thWsa imTyamWv ap \n kn
DtZymKta[mhnIv. Am]w `mhnbn Fsnepw
t]mcmbv abpsn X DchmZnw Gev tnhcpw
FXmWv AhcpsS `bmSv . Fm ap\nknmennbnse
km[mcWKXnbnep tPmen`mcn\p ]pdsa Ckv s]\p
thnbp Krlki\n\v Ahp kabw InmXn
ApXan. Xqew ap\nkn k_v knUnbpw KpWt`mr
hnlnXhpw apknmenn hgn Inp ipNnXzanj k_vknUnbpw
tkh\ZmXmhmb sF B Sn kn p Inm amk Imn
cntn hp. ]WanmXpsImv ]etmgpw ]Xn \Snv
\nnshtn hp.
]{p hmUpIfpsS Imcyn ipNnXzanj k_v kn
Un bp w Kp Wt`mrhn ln Xhp w tkh\ZmXmhn \v t\cn p
\ev IpIbmWv . ]t, ChnsS Hcp ]pXnb {]iv \w XpSn
Dbphp. Cu ]Xnv apkn k_v knUn \ev Imtam?
\Kck`bpsS 25 iXam\w k_v kn Un IqSn BIptmtg
_tbmKymkv mpIv 75 iXam\w k_vknUn e`nq. Fnte
DdhnSamen\y kwkvcW ktX IqSpX BIjIamIq.
CXpkw_npw hyXhcppXn\v amksfSpp.
Ccw {]iv\sfmw Xov 2014 BKkvXv BbtmgmWv
\Kchym]Iamb ]Xn \Smn XpSnbXv . ]{v hmUp
IfpsS A\p`hns ]men AXnthKw ap e
fntebvpw ]Xn hym]nnm\mhpw.
ktmZb]pcs ]pXnb kacw
AXn\nSbn ktmZb]pcv hopw kacw s]mnpdsp.
ktmZb]pcs amen\yw Iymp sNbvXv emUv kvtIp sNmw
Fv IfIvSdpambn Hcp hjw app \S HpXop Nbn
Ddpe`nncpp. CXv \Smnbn F ImcWw ]dmbncpp
kacw XpSn bXv . ipNn Xz an js A\paXn bn msX Cu
74
HpXop hyh \Smm ap\nknmennp Ignbpambn
cpn. ^b Hcp hjambn kmcns Nphp\mSbnembncpp.
hnkvabIcsap ]dbs, A[nIw XmaknbmsX kacns
ap{ZmhmIyw amdn. amen\ykwkvIcW mv Fstbvpambn
ASp]qWsambn ap{ZmhmIyw. Fpam{Xa, \Kck`bn
m]\fn \np tiJcnp ssPhamen\yw thXncnv ]n,
tImgn, ao hf tI{fn FnpXn\v IcmsdSp
tIm{ SmIv Spw kwkv IcW mn { ]thi\m\paXn
\ntj[np. CXpw aen\oIcWw krjv Snpp Fmbncpp
hnai\w. kackanXn t\XmmcpsSXs \nn\p
hgnbmWv Cu kwhn[m\w ktmZb]pcv Bcw`nXv Fv
t\cs hyamnbncpp. \Kcnse amen\y{]Xnkn
\nb{Wm[o\amIpXn thhemXn ]q NnecmWv Cu
a\wamn\p ]nn {]hnXv. temIvk`m XncsSpns
]men \Kcn amen\y{]Xnkn cqamm\p
Hcp ]XnbmbnmWv RfnXns\ IXv.
Ahkm\w amen\yw Iymp sNbvXv amen\y kwkvIcWtI{w
hrnbmm\p km A\paXn e`np. Atm AXpw
thsmbn kacap{ZmhmIyw. AhnsS Ac\qmntesdbmbn
IpanpIqSnb amen\yw kpcnXambn Iymv sNbv Xv AXn
\npw Hcp Xcnep Duepw DmIn Fv Ddv hcpWw.
14 G hnkv XrXnbp Cu ]dns Hcp aqebntev Cu
amen\yw Xn\on imkv {Xobambn Iymv sNm Ignbpw.
]XnmpIfmbn IpanpIqSnb amen\yw kpcnXambn Iymv
sNt F \ne]mSv A]mbIcamWv Fv ]dv a\nem
m C\nbpw Ignnn. {]tZihmknIsf Ipw ]dbm\mIn.
Bdp]Xnms A\p`hw Ahv hnizmkw \jvSsSpnbn
cpp. AtXmsSmw Nn e \n n ]v X Xmev ]cyfpw Ifw
\ndmSnbXv Cv AmSnmmWv.
Fntmepw amen\y mn\p kao]w kXy{Klancnp
P\sfbpw Cu Ip_pnIsfbpw Hcpt]mse ImWm R
Xmdmbn. \o \mfs Xnm\p`hfpsS ]men
P\v Ccw DdpIfn ep hn iz mksams Ft
\jv Ssncpp. \Kcn sNbv XpsImncp DdhnS amen\y
kwkvIcW {]h\fpsS ssh]peytam {]m[m\ytam Ah
Xncndnncppan. ktmZb]pcs \Kck`bpsS ev
Cs coXnbnep amen\y kwkv IcWw Lw Lambn
HgnhmpI FXv Xsbmbncpp Cu Iymbn eyw
shncpXv . Atmtbv p amen\y\ow {]XnZn\w 4050
75
Sn \nv 45 Smbn Ipdbvm\pw Ignncpp. AXpsImv
Xn\p t]mbn; amen\y kwkv IcW m v ]qambn
ASp InSs F kao]\amWp kzoIcnXv.
ktmZb]pcw mv As\ ASp ]qn. 2014 akq
Bcw`n \Kcn \np amen\y\ow ]qambpw
\nep. "\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw' ]Xn \evInb A\p`h
fpsS B_en B]ns\ Ahkcamn aptdm
Xs \nbnp. \Kck`bpsS Hgn efn Fbvtdm_nIv
Itmv _npI hym]Iambn m]np. km kwhn[m
\n\p ]cnNnXam Akmyamb thKXtbmsS 64 _npI
m]n p . hoSp Ifn amen \y kwkv IcW ktX
m]nmh amen\yw XcwXncnv _nn \nt]nWw.
200 Ftdm_nIv ItmnwKv _npIfmWv eyw. AhnsSsbmw
BfpI Nnbmbn XcwXncnv amen\yw \nt]nWw. Hcmpw
hensdntb Bhiyan. Imdntem kvqdntem amen\yw Ibn
Bmn m efn hen sdn bpXn \p ]Icw
XcwXncnv Fbv tdm_nIv Itmv tI{fn sImphm
aXn. ]t, Fm honepw Iqkv \evInbmepw shfnndntb
]q F ioew amm Ignbmhsctmse Nne hensdnb
XpSp. ChsXnsc iamb \S]SnI kzoIcnp. ss\v
kvIzmUpIfndn. Ipmpta tIskSpp. ss^\Snp. Nne
k`fn ISI koep sNbv Xp. CXns\mw êw Ip.
amen\yw hensdnbpXp Ipdp. \Kcw hrnbmbnpSn.
2012 se Imehjmes \Kcns nXnbpw 2014 se
Imehjmes \Kcns nXnbpw XmcXaysSpnbm
\ne \Kcw, \ne `h\w Imbn \Kcn hcpnb
`mhamw Xncndnbmw. ktmZb]pctbvp amen\y\ow
\netm Ap \Kcw amen\yqmcambncpsn 2014v
Cs\sbmcp {]Xnkn cq]sXmbn Bpw tXmpItbbn.
76
]XnbpsS Bcw`ns A\p`hfpsS A`mhw
t_myambn. DdhnS amen\yktX hoSpIfn m]npI,
As\ hoSpIsf \neampI Fsms ]ecpw ]dnp
snepw C{X hym]Iambn Bcpw sNm DZyannn. 12000
honsems CXv m]nm Xp\nndnbm AXn\p th
kma{KnI Inptam? Ah m]nm Adnbph \mneptm?
hnev]\m\c tkh\w Bcp \evIpw? ]cn]me\anmsX, A
Ip ]WnI sNmsX Cu _tbmKymkv mpIfpw apw Dt]
nsSnt? AXmbncptm FmSpap A\p`hw. Hmtcm
Lhpw A\p`hfpsS, At\zjWns, Adnhns, ]p
Nn I cq]o I cn p Xn s Fmw k` fmbn amdn .
Hcn R sNbvXp ]TnpIbmbncpp.
t]m_n mv FhnsS Inpw?
t]m_n _tbmKymkv mpIfntev \onb Imcyw \mw
t\cs N sNbvXtm? kuIcyw, `wKn, dnb sNmhpXv
Cs\ ]eImcyfpw t]m_n mpI sXcsSpm
ImcWambnpv. InSmw]dn XpSnbtm Xs 100150
Ccw mpI thWsambn. 12 hmUpIfntebvv A\phZn
]Xn bn 2500 t]m_n _tbmKymkv mp IfmWv
DsSpnbncpXv. ss^_dpw sdkn\pw tNv hmsSpp
Fn[ocX, Ctm XpSphn
Fmw \n ]TntWw
XmdmIWantms
Bminbmbn amdoSm
tNmZyw sNm `bmXncnphn
aqVhnizmk Xnfbphn
Xsms\ ]TnmsXsbmpw
Adnbn \n kJmtf
Hmtcm sNdpsNdp hkvXphnepw
hnc sXmpsXmp tNmZnq..
Fs\bnXp Ino \nv ..
(s{_lvtXmv s{_lvvv,
]cnjv IemPmYbpsS ]cn`mj)
9
A\p`h, ]mfnI
77
XmWv Cu mpI. Hcp tamUn CXv hmsSpm
AcZnhkw thWw. Hcp tamUn Hcp Znhkw csw. A{Xtb
]q. tamUv \nnm sNehp IqSpXemWv. Npcpn Hcp
Znhkw F{X ]Wnsmepw \msesamstb Dmm\mIq.
FmWv sNpI? ]qambpw b{klmbtmsS Znhkw 2030
mpI Dmm km[nptam? AXmbn At\zjWw. hopIm
Xmdmbtm mv Inm nXn. KthjW Bhiypw
FIvj {]h\pw thp Afhnte IRTCbn
mv Dmnbncppq. A{Xtb thnbncppq. C{Xbpw
henb Unamv htXmSp IqSn ^mIvSdn ASnm\n Dev]mZ\w
\Snbmte aXnbmIq F nXn hp. As\bmWv ss^_
t_mv \nnv Ibn Abbvp Acqcnep Hcp m]\hpambn
IRTC N Bcw`npXv.
hnebpw, \nehmchpw, hnXcW{Iahpsamw \nbnv Ddnv
Cu t_mv bmUn _tbmKymkv mpI \nnm Ignbpw
Fp htXmsS CXn\v ap efnepw Bhiym Gdn.
DdhnS amen\y kwkv IcWn CXv {][m\ NphSpshbv mbn
cpp. Hcp m]\s am{Xw ap\nn mpIfpsS Dev]mZ\w
\SpXv \tm? As\ ]e `mKfn sNdnb sNdnb
t]m_n mv \nmW bqWnpIfpw XpSn. Cv GXmbmepw
t]m_n mv Bhiyn\v e`yamWvv.
NmWIw ]n ]Wn
NmWIw shw tNv t\nv _tbmKymkv mn
\n dmWv m v ^n p sNpXv . mn \n t]n p
78
amen \ys {Iaambn hn LSn n v /Zln n v ssPhhmXIw
Dev ]mZnnpXv aqp Xcnep kqv amWpfmWtm?
BZyw Cu kqvaPohnI mn hfcWw. Ah Bhiyn\p
snte amen\yw ssIImcyw sNsSq. NmWIn Cu
kq v amWp Dv . Ah Bhiyn \v mn \p n
DmIm\mWv NmWIw Ien HgnpXv . Ch s]cpIm
GXm\pw Znhkw ImncnpIbpw thWw. mnse hmXI
Adbn ssPhhmXIw \ndv Dbm kqva PohnS ]Wn
XpSn Fp a\nemmw. Atm Ipdp Ipdp hoXw amen\yw
\nt]np XpSmw. CXmWv Nn.
BgvN Hp Ignmepw hmXIAd Dbnsntem? IoSS
]WnXpSnbn Fw. AtXm IoSS Dmbnsptm?
]e mpIfpw Cu nXnbnembncpp. AtXmsS ]cn{`mnbmbn.
hnZKv Fn ]cntim[\bmbn. HSphn ImcW Isn.
NmWIamWv hn.
Hmtcm Znhkhpw 1015 mpIfmWv ^np sNpXv. Hmtcm
n\pw 150 Intem NmWIw thWw. Ffpn\p thn henb
IpImen ^man \npw NmWIw hmn. AhnsS As
NmWIn\p ]pdsa ]gbXpw DmIpw. NmWIpgnIfn
onwKv ]uUdpw apw D]tbmKnpXpw ]XnhmWv. Acw
NmWIn mn\v Bhiyamb IoSS DmIn. IoSfpsS
Fw hfsc IpdhmsWnepw mv Xmdmbn hcm IqSpX
kabsaSppw. CXp a\nembXns\pSv NmWIw sNdpInS
Irjnmcn \npw tiJcnm Xocpam\np. ]t, Hpw cpw
]ipfp hoSpIfn \nv NmWIw tiJcnm XpSnb
tXmsS Gsd {IaoIcW thn hp. \nmcsav tXmnbn
cp Hcp Imcyw NnsSpnsbSpm Nnd ]mS s]Xv.
Fnpw NmWI{]iv\w Ahkm\nn. 150 Intem NmWIam
Wtm Hmtcm mnepw tNt Xv . NmWIw tiJ cn m
hmnb ImkpIfn csw Cu AfhpNmWIw Dsm
psa \nKa\nemWv \onbXv. Cu ]cntim[\m kabmWv
AXv sXm sWv a\ n em b Xv . Afhp sXntmbXpsImv
Bhiyn\p NmWIw _tbmKymkv mn \nt]nncpn.
CXv {]h\s {]XnIqeambn _m[np. Afv, Xqn F{X
am{Xw NmWIw FXv mtUsskkv sNbvXmWv {]iv\w ]cn
lcnXv.
t\mtW NmWIw ]n ]Wn. ]t AXv hnes ]mT
fmWv \evInbXv.
79
Xn]pds _tbmKymkv mv
t]m_n mv Xs m]nm eanm hoSv. hop
Imv _tbmKymkv mv m]nt aXnbmIq. ]camh[n hoSpI
fn DdhnS amen\y kwhn[m\w m]npIbmWtm eyw. Idp
Ibnse hmUp IuknedmsWn \nw ]nSnv \nevm
Wv. ]camh[n hoSpIfn CsXnWw. Xn]pdmsWnepw
XctSn. _tbmKymkv mv m]nt Xocq. ^nv sNpXv
cp kv {XoIfmWv . AhcpsS AXypkmlhpw IqSnbmbtm
kwKXn Xn]pdp Ibdn. sbtIskms Dtm? Znh
khpw amen\yhpambn Ibdm\pw apw {]bmkapmIn F \nK
a\nembncpp mv m]nXv. kwKXn ]penhmembn. Znhkw
Ignbptmdpw CXns A{]mtbmKnIX a\nembn. amen\yw Ib
Ww, dn CdWw. As\ Fmbmepw HSpw mv Cdn
Xmgv Aev]w eapmn ]p\xm]ntn hp. hnX
Bthin tXmpw]Sn sNmhpX Chsbv a\nemp
Ibmbncpp.
HcpXcnepw Ccw ImcytfmSv klIcnn F at\m
`mhap asmcp Iqcpv. Ahv ASntev]nm A]hmZ{]
NcWamhpw êw. Hcp apnb s{]m^jWens hoSv. Bfv s]mXp
Imcy {]k. Inv CXnt\mSv Xmev]cyan. ASpfbn
\nmWv hcpsXnepw kwKXn amen\yw Xs. AXn\m B
ap\nknmenn hnbn Ibn hbnSpw Xt Cu Aoew
hopapv CSpItbm? ]s \nn\p hgn mv shp.
]ns ]cmXnbpsS ]qcw. Hcp Znhkap {]iv\a asmcp Znh
kw. sSIv\ojym amdn amdn ]cntim[np. HSpw ]memv \npw
hnZKv hp ]cntim[np. tcmKw Ism\mbn.
\n CXv FSp p amnbm aXn Fmbn s{]m^ W
kplrv , tIkv sImSppw F òj Wn bp am bn. samw
Imbns\s kwKXn tZmjIcambn _m[npw Fp hp.
HSpw mv AhnsS \npw FSpp amtn hp. ImcWw Adn
bm acWw t]mse Zpcqlambn AXv XpSp. ssamIvkv Fn
bXv hop S a Xs tcmK Im cWw kzIm cy ambn shfn s
SpnbtmgmW.v hmkv Xpimkv {X {]Imcw B honsehnsSbpw
_tbmKymkv mv m]nm A\ptbmPyamb eant{X.
Cu {]iv\w Hcp kmtXnI hnZybvpw ]cnlcnm\mhntm.
hmkvXp Fsms IfnbmWv IfnpXv!
80
_tbmKymkv F AanXmthiw
t]m_n mn 5 apX 7.5 Intem{Kmw hsc ssPham
en\yw \nt]nmw. ^nIvkUv mn CXv 10 Intem{Kmw hsc
bmImw. mns henhpw amen\yns Afhpw A\pkcnv 1
aWnq apX 3 aWnq hsc Inm\p Kymkv Inpw.
mv m]nm am{Xw t]mc, th Afhn amen\yhpw thWw.
Fm honepw Cu Af hn ssPh am en\yw Dm In . Fm
honepw _tbmKymkv mv m]nm\pw Ignbn. Fm cv
aqv hoSpIv tNv Hcp _tbmKymkv mmbmtem? Hcp _tbm
Kymkv mnt\mSv ctm aqtm ap hoSpIsf IqSn _nnpI.
mv m]nm hopIm XcwXncn ssPhamen\yw Ab
es mn \nt]nWw. mv m]nbmv ]camh[n
Kymkv Inpw. aphv ssPhamen\yw krjvSnp XethZ\
bn \np apnbpw. CXmbncpp _tbmKymkv F Bi
bw. CXv ên {]iv\fpmn. AcpXmhbpw Afhne
[nIhpw amen\yw \nt]nm mv ]WnapSpw Fv \mw
t\cs Itm? Hmtcmcpcpw AhcpsS {]m]vXn\pkcnv
amen\yw \nt]npw. F{Xsbv Bpw Xnanm nXn.
am{Xa Abes mn\v AcpXmXv Fsms FXv A{X
henb {]iv\ambn aphv tXmWsan. As\ dp
I fmbn Nn s Sp nb _tbm Kymkv mp I ]Wn ap S m
XpSn.
dknUkv Atkmkntbj\pIfpw apw NntbmsS Imcy
t\mn bn cp e fn \mbn {]hn p Ibpw
sNbv Xp. Fmbmepw _tbmKymkv FXv A{Xb[nIw
{]mtbmKnIamb kwKXnb Fv AwKoIcntnhp. kmt
XnIambn XnIpw icnbmb [mcWbmbncpp. ]s kmaqly
ambn ]qambpw {]mtbmKnIambncpn.
mpI m]npXv Bcv? ]cn]menpXv Bcv?
kokv Sow ]ndpp
_tbmKymkv mv m]nv ioeaph \mnen. t\cs
ZX IqSnb ]cnjZv ASppI m]nm XpSnbtmgpw
CXmbncpp nXn. ASppItfm skknohmb kmtXnI
hnZy bmWv _tbm Kymkv mp I. \psS Zl \ hy h sb
t]msebmWXv Fp ]dphtm? Hs mpI m]n
m {]bm k an . AXn \p Bfp I CXns \n lW
GPkn Iv Dm Ipw. Ah Xs kokpw \S pw
FmWv Xocpam\nsXv. ]etmgpw koknMv \Smdn.
81
As\bmWv _tbmKymkv mpI ]eepw Dt]n
sXv. C{X hn]peambn mpI m]nm Xocpam\ntXmsS
CXv ^nv sNm\pw ]cn]menm\pw Ipa kwhn[m\w A\nhm
cy am bn. Cu Zni bn ep Btem N \ Ifpw At\z j W hp amWv
kokv Sow F Bibntev FnXv.
o tIcf anjs `mKambn hoSpIfn \npw amen\yw tiJ
cnp kv{XoIfpsS kwL \nehnepmbncpp. amen\yw
tiJcnphc kokv Sow Fv BZyw Xs Xocpam\np.
AsXmcp sSIv\ojykv Sow Bbncnpw. _tbmKymkv mpI
FbIoj\tdmfw hnebp kmtXnI D]IcWamWv. AXv
^nv sNpXn\pw ]cn]menpXn\pw kmtXnI m\ap
hcpsS SoamWv Bhiyw.
_tbmKymkv mns {]h\imkv{Xhpw AXns kmt
XnI hifpw kzmbamnb Hcp kwLambncnWw kokv
Sow. Hmtcm hmUnepw 34 kv {XoI ASp kwLw. Ah
mv ^np sNpw. _tbmKymkv mSw DdhnS amen\ykwkvI
cW ktXfpsS tat\mhpw ]cn]me\hpw \nhlnpXpw
Cu kwLw Xsbmbncnpw.
Cu [mcWb\pkcnv t{]mPIvSv hmUpIfn kokv Soap
I cq]oIcnp. cp Lfnembn Bdp Znhks Nnbmb
]cnioe\hpw \evIn. IRTC bpsS ]memSv Imkn shmbn
cpp ]cnioe\w. DdhnS amen\ykwkvIcWns kmaqlnIhpw
kmtXnIhpamb hisfmw kokv Soans\ ]cnioennp.
Ctm _tbmKymkv mpI ^np sNpXv GXmv ]q
ambpw kv{XoIfpsS Cu kwLamWv. ]cn]me\hpw Ah Xs.
{ItaW Chsc lcnXkmtXnI hnZyIfn {]mhoWyap Hcp
lcnXtk\bmn ampIbmWv eyw. AXntev \om\mIpw
Fp XsbmWv {]Xo.
kokv Soan\v {]Xnêw \IpXv Fs\bmWv? mv
^np sNptm ^nnMv Nmv \ev Im {]bmkapmIn.
XpSp ]cn]me\n\pw tat\mn\pw Ch ]q kabw
]WnsbSpt ]q. AXn\p {]Xnêw Fs\ Ispw?
DdhnS amen\y kwkvIcW ktX m]nncnp hop
Im Hcp hnlnXw \evIWw. AXpsImpam{Xw aXnbmIn. \Kc
k` Ipdp ]Ww CXn\mbn \on shbvtn hcpw. CXn\p {]bm
kapmIn. tI{oIrX amen\y kwkvIcW mntep amen
\y\ow \nnbtm Uok sNehv C\n am{Xw Be
pg \Kck` {]XnZn\w 1000015000 cq] em`nppv. CXnsemcp
`mKw kokv Soan\v \ev Im Xocpam\nm aXnbmIpw. Cu
82
{]iv \w \nbak`bneSw ]eXhW Dbnnpw CXphsc
A\pIqeamb Dchv kmcn \nv Dmbnn. DdhnS
amen\ykwkv IcW ]Xn \SnemIWsapsn Ghpw
AXymt]nXamb Hcp ]cnjvImcamWnXv. km C{Xtbsd
]Ww k_vknUnbmbn \evIp D]IcW ]cn]mensSpw
FpdphcppXn\v ap\nknmennbpsS ^n \nv Ipdp
]Ww \ev Im\p A\phmZn\v FmWn{X XSkw Fp
a\nemIpn.
tPmk^v B Wn bpsS Nmb o Sn I bn \npw Db
shfp ]pI
InSmw]dv hmUnse BepwNphnemWv tPmk^v B
WnbpsS NmboSnI. \Kcn\v \SphnemsWnepw \mn]pds
coXnIfmWv Cpw tPmk^v BWnbpsS NmboSnIbn. I
tagv kv ]ecpw ]Xn hp Im. ae bm f ns X\Xp ]e lm c
smw \psS \mSns {]nb`Wambn amdnb s]mtdmbpw
DmIpw. Nneamcbn InIfnemn s]mcnp Iqnbncnp
]cnphSbpw ]gws]mcnbpw s\hpw. IqsS Aep Nmbbpw.
BepwNphnse ]oSnIbn IhSw XIrXnbmWv.
hoSpIfn DdhnSamen\y kwkv IcW ktX m]n
m XpS n. CXv Nmb o Sn I I fnepw tlm ep I fnepw kmy
amtWm? \Kcamen\yns 15 iXam\sanepw ISIfn \npw
apw hcpXmWv. tlmepImv amen\yw Hcp XethZ\bpamWv.
]etmgpw tlm amen\yw tXmnepw I\mepIfnepw XpIbmWv
Chn Ss coXn. Cu {]iv \w ]cn l cn msX Hcp hmUn\pw
ipNnXzw ssIhcnm Ignbn. CXns\mWv ]cnlmcw? Nmb
oSnIIfnepw apw _tbmKymkv mpI m]nm Ignbptam?
CXn\p Dchmbncpp tPmk^v BWnbpsS NmboSnIbn
\npw DbXv.
NmboSnII ]mNIw F ]n Pn bntev amnbnv \mtfsd
bmbn. KymkmsWn hmWnPy \ncnte Inq. KmlnI Bh
iyn\p InpXpt]mse k_vknUn Inn. Inepw tInv
sNpIen XnfpsImtbncnp shw \psS \mnse
NmboSnIIfpsS apJap{ZbmWtm? [mcmfw C\w th coXn
I. amen \y n \npw ]mNI C \ ap mmw Fp ]d
m Imcyw Ffpambn. Atm s\w XnpXpt]mse
bmWv . cpv Imcyw. amen\yw kwkv I cn mw, ]mN I n\v
Kymkpw Inpw. Cmcyw a\nemn Hcp ]coWn\v Xmdm
IpIbmbncpp tPmk^v BWn.
83
hoSpIfn m]npXnt\m Aev]w IqSn tijnbp
^n Iv kUv mmWv Chn sS m]n Xv . ` Wm h in jv S
smw Dgppw ]bdpw apw IgpInb shhpw \nnX A\p
]mXn tNv mn \nt]npp. cv Iyq_nIv ao
tijnbp Cu mn \npw 67 aWnq InpXn\p
C\w tPmk^v BWnv e`npp.
Ccw kt X kzw m] \ n m]n m
kuIcyhpw Xmev]cyhpanmhpw Cntm ap am
fpv. amen\yw sXcphntem tXmntem FdntbXn. \nnX ôkv
CuSmn CXv sImpt]mbn kwkvIcnpXn\v kwhn[m\apv.
hInS hmWnPym]\ Ccw henb _tbmKymkv mp
Ifpw apw m]npItbm kzw sNehn kwkvIcWn\v
kwhn[m\apmIpItbm sNbvtX Xocq. Cu Nnbntepw ]Xnsb
Bepg \opw Fp XsbmWv {]Xo.
Fnpw sXcp hnse Hgn aqe I fn Fp amen\yw
FpsNpw? Hcp kwkvIcW kwhn[m\hpw hophfn m]n
m kuIcyanmbnSfpw Dv. CXv Insp \Snm\m
hn. Cv \Kcns Hgn aqeIfnsemw m]np sImn
cnp Ftdm_nIv ItmnMv _npI CXn\p DcamWv.
Ftdm_nIv ItmnMv _npIfpsS ISphchpw AXv \evInb
A\p`hfpw Gsd khntijamWv.
KqKn NmthZnbn \nsmcp lcnXhnZy
{]mamWnIcmb FgppImcpw ]{X{]hIcpw Fmw
AwKfmbnp Hcp KqKn Nm{KqmWv Fourth Estate Cri-
tique (FEC). Bepgbnse ]cn{iavv klmbhpw ]npW
bpw A`ynv tkmjy s\vhnMv sskpIfn t]mpI
CSmdpv. Acsamcp t]mv F^v C knbnepw Cp. shn\dn
kIemimebnse tUm. {^mkokv tkhy F^v C knbn
AwKamWv. B Nmpdnn Atlw sImn. FpsImv
efnXamb Xpqapgn tamU ]conpIqSm FXmbncpp
tNmZyw.
Xpqapgntbm? At\zjWambn. Xriqcn shn\dn k
IemimebpsS Xpqapgn Imkn ]ndhnsbSp kmtXnI
hnZybmWnXv . AXmWo t]cn\p ImcWw. shn\dn kIem
imebpsS Xpqapgn tI{w Bcpw ]cnKWnm Hcp Imkmbn
cpp. AhnsS ew amdnsbnb k`w Ccsamcp kmt
XnIhnZybpsS KthjWn\mbn hn\ntbmKnm Xocpam\npI
bmbncpp tUm. {^mknkv tkhy. Xpqapgn amXrI
84
ASnm\]cambn _n ItmnmWv. tIcfnse Imn\pw
Imemhbvpw A\pkcnv ]cphsSpnsbSp coXn.
Bepg kwLnse BfpI ASp Znhkw Xs
Xpqapgnbvp hnIbdn. Afhpw cq]hpsams hcpw ]Tnpw
Hp m]npI Xs. As\ Xpqapgn amXrIbn
BZys Fbv tdm_nIv ItmnwKv _n m]np. t\cs
Ipq\Ifmbncp aqeIsfmw Cv Fbvtdm_nIv ItmnMv
_n dpIfmWv. hntI{oIrX amen\ykwkvIcW kwhn[m\
fn A{KKWy\mWnh FmWv R \evIp kmyw.
As\ KqKn hgn h AXnYn \ne `h\n ncXma
kambn.
Nm\ms kwtbmPnX _tbmKymkv mv
tImf\n Ifn se amen \ykwkv cWw Fs\bmWv ?
InSmw]dv hmUn \np XpSnbtms Cu {]iv\w
Dbncpp. Hcp kwkv IcW kwhn[m\hpw m]nm
eanm tImf\nIfpv. CSpnb \ncpIfpw \ncpI
ncp]pdw \nc\ncbmbn hoSpIfpw. aptam ]nmpdtam C.
ChnsSsbs\bmWv _tbmKymkv mpw apw m]npI? ]e
tImf\nIfnepw s]mXpIqkv s]mnsbmen \nebnemWv. hop
amen\y \ncpIfnepw aqebnepw IqnbnSpIbpw sNpw. ap
aman. FmWnXn\p t]mwhgn? Ctmgpw ]q ]cnlmcam
bnn. Nm\mSv ap\nkn tImf\nbn Hcp amXrI \Snem
pIbmWv . 48 hoSpIfn embn 60 IpSpw_fmWv Chn sS
XmaknpXv. ChnsS Fp ]pXnb IqkpIfpw IpfnapdnIfpw
\nnv AXns\ Hcp henb IyqWnn _tbmKymkv mnt\mSv
_nnp. Krlamen\yhpw CXn \nt]nmw. AXn\p
{]tXyI tNdpv. Cu kwtbmPnX mv cq]Iev]\ sNbvXv
\nnXv As\mWv. ]Xn\p ew cq]bmWnXns sNehv.
CSpnb tImf\nIfnse ssPhamen\y kwkv IcWn\v Cu
kwtbmPnX mv Hcp ]cnlmcamhpsamWv RfpsS {]Xo.
85
tImhmXp ]mew ISv hmS\mens hSp]pdsan
bm k\mX\ [ hnZymebambn. hS\m hStc tdmUn
t\mSv tNv Fkv Un hn tKkv kvIq. sXmSpv Fkv Un hn
t_mbv kv kv Iq. Cu cv kv IqfpIpw ]nnembn hnime
amb Fkv Un hn tUnbw. Bepgbnsenbhsmw kp]
cnNnXamb hnZymeb kapbw. B\n_kns Xntbmk^n
skmssknbn {]hnncphcmWv kvIqfns m]I. Hcp
{Sns IognemWv Cv {]hnpXv. kmlnXykmwkvIm
cnI cmjv{Sob cwKv {]mamWnIcmb Hcp]mSv t] ]Tn hnZyme
bfmWv Ch. \Kcnepw ]cnkcfnepap km[mcWmcpsS
a ]Tnp ]nqS.
dnbmkpw t_mkpw hcp, amen\ytI{w
kmwkvImcnI ]Zhnbntebvv.
""hensdnbm a\n\v temI{]ikvX IemImc
m Nmbw ]Ip. hgntcnbn amen\yw Xp
tI{w kmwkv ImcnI tI{ambn DbcpIbmWv .
Iebpw ipNnXzhpw HcpanpXns amkvacnIX
bnemWv Bepgbntm. sImn _n\mse
HcpXcn Hcp ipNoIcW{]h\ambncpp.
AXns XpSsb \nebnemWv Cu {]h\
GsSpXv Fv dnbmkv tImap ]dp.
(2013, HIvtSm_ 27 amXr`qan)
cmPymXnnI ambnv Ah kulrZns
Nn{Xw hcp
hmS\mens XocqsS ssIbpw ]nSnp
ISpt]mb Um\ntbens\bpw Imcens\bpw
]nSnpe ImgvN. Ipdpt] kwLambn \nv
aXnen Nn{XsagpXpp. _n\mse kwLw hgn
tcn Fbv tdm_nIv ]mn amen\ykti
Nn{XsfgpXpImbncpp AhnsS. Cse Ah
pw Cu aXnensemcnSw Inn. cmfpw tNp
hcp tNXv `mj AXncnSm amen\y {]iv\
sXnscbmb ktiambncpp.
(2013, HIvtSm_ 27 at\mca)
10
_n\mse IemImcmcpw
Fbvtdm_nIv Itmpw Xnsev?
86
Ipq\bn \nv Hcp s]]nqSs cn IY
Bepgbn Ipq\IfpsS aqeI ]eXpmbncpp. IS
pds tv _mv CybpsS sXv Ingt aqe. hgntcn temdn
mUv . As\ Bsfmgn aqeIsfmw Ipq\Ifmbncp
p. Cu e sfms Xncn dn n cp Xv Xs ZpKw
sImm Wv . C c samcp e am bn cp p Fkv Un hn tKkv
kv Iqfns ]pd In {Kuns A p aqe. Ahn sS cm[m
Smokv Fsmcp Xotbdpmbncpp. "F' kn^nv kn\na
Ifmbncpp A[nIhpw {]ZinnncpXv. \Kcnse Ghpw
henb amen\ywX tI{ambncpp cm[maqe. Akl\obamb
A\p ` h am bn cp p CXphgnbp bm{X. Ijv Snv 100 hmc
AIetabpmbncppq, Fkv Unhn tKkv sslkv Iqfnse
mv apdnIv. NogpInb amen\yns Akl\ob Kw
\nd mv apdnIfnemWv ]T\w \SpXv. Aoe Nn{Xsf
]Snbndn cm[mSmokv at\mlcamb Ihj skdmbn
amdn. Atmgpw Ipq\bpsS Aoew Ahtijnp.
ChnsSbmWv Bepg \Kcnse Xpqapgn amXrIbnep
BZys Ftdm_nv ItmnMv _n m]nXv . ]coWm
Snm\n ]paSmbent\mSp tNv hnimeamb Hcp aXn
sIn\Iv Hcp Fbvtdm_nIv _n m]np. s]mXpep
m]npXn FXnp hcpsaXn\m R ]e kzImcy
hynIsf kao]np. tUm. sI F tPmk^v BWv Ccsamcp
87
]coWw \Sm ew A\phZn Xv . Ahn sStmepw
Abhmkn I elfbpmn . tUmIv S Xs cwKp
htmgmWv AXv HXpnbXv. ]coWw hnPbnp. Ftdm_nIv
Itmv _n aen\oIcWw krjvSnpnsp hnaiIp
t_myambn. ]t, AhnsS BfpIv amen\yw Fnm
Ignbp ea. AXpsImv s]mXpev asmscw
m]nm Xocpam\np.
tXmIp f c hmUnse iv aim \n\p k ao]ap
`qanbmWv XncsSpXv. ]t, AhnsSbpw ]cnkchmknI
cqambn FXnXn\m B {iaw Dt]np. As\bmWv
cm[maqebntebv v {i XncnXv . BZyw amen\y \ow
sNbv Xp. AXn\ptijw Hcp \n_nV h\ns Nn{Xw hcv
kvq aXn Aecnp. \Kc kucyhXvIcW ]cn]mSnbpsS
`mKambn Ftm sNppsht ]ecpw [cnpq. ]t,
sjUpbp. AXn\pn \mev Fbvtdm_nIv _npIfpw. Bcpw
FXncp \nn. cm[m Ishj skdns DSaI Fm
klmbhpw hmKvZm\w sNbvXp.
tIm{Iov XqWpIfn tIm{Iov PmenII sImmWv
_n p I Xm dm n b Xv . Fn \o b dn wKv hn i Zmwi
ANERTse FPn\obam Xmdmn. Xpqapgn amXrIbpsS
KthjI\mb tUm.{^mkokv tkhydns tat\mhpw. Nppw
]pp]mIn ]q ]nSnnv ]nnsemcp Nn{X`nnbpw Xov
BZys Ftdm_nIv _n Xmdmn.
a\waSpnp ZpKn \npw s] ]nqSs
cnsSpXv \ne `h\w ]cn]mSnbpsS lrZyamb A\p`h
fnsemmWv. amen\ykwkvIcWw shdpstStXm Adpf
hmptXm Bb Hcp A\p`ha Fv GXm\pw amksImv
cm[maqebnse t_mysSpn. AXpsImv hgntcnbnse
Fbvtdm_nIv m]nm Xocpam\ntm Hcphn[nep
FXnpw Dmbn.
_n\mse IemImcmcpw hmSvkm ]mpw
FdWmIpfw `mKp\npw \Kcnsephsc hcthn
bncpXv hgntcnbnse temdn mn\p kao]s amen\yq
mcambncpp. hgntcnbnse ZpKw aqnseptm _kv
Bepgsbn Fqlnmw. ChnsS \Kck`bvv Iptd eap
v . AhnsSbp temdn mUns ]Snmtd himWv
amen\yqmcw. Hcp t{]X`qansb A\pkvacnnpw hn[w Ftm
]Wnbm {ian Hcp sInSns taqcbnm LS\bpv.
88
CjvSnI sImv sIn, knav ]qimsX \nncp sInSns
`nnIfn B apfv ]enncpp. Cu sInSn\v AIpw
]pdpw Fmw amen \yw. Zn hkw tXmdpw Dbcw IqSp
amen\yq\. ChnsSbmWv "\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw' ]Xn
bpsS apJap{Z bm bn WATSAN ]mv m]n p Xv . \mw
ImcWw \mebev t]mIm IgnbmXncp Cu ew Ctm
agbv ss_v bm{XnI A`bw tXSp ItmnMv dmbn
amdnbncnpp.
CjvSnIsn\v taqcbnv, Hmtcm Inbnepw hyXykvXXc
nep ItmnMv _npI m]np. sInSn\v ]pdp
Xpd ev ]e hennep ^nIvkUv, t]m_n _tbm
Kymkv mpI {]hnpIbmWv. \ne`h\w ]Xnbn
\S m p amen\y kwkv I cW kt X ImWm s\ p
hv Ch ]cn N b s Sp p sUtamkv t{S j sk dm bn
IqSnbmWv CXv {]hnpXv. amen\y kwkvIcWhpambn _
s ]cn]mSnIsfmw Cu ItmnMv tI{ns apmWv
\SpXv. t\cs ChnsS amen\yw \nt]nncp BfpIv
amen\yw XcwXncnv _npIfn \nt]nmw. CXns ]cn]me
\n\mbn \Kck`bpsS Poh\mcpv.
Cu dns \nmWw \Kc{i apgph BIjn Iem
]cn]mSnbmbn amdn. dnbmkv tImaphpw t_mkv IrjvWamNmcnbp
aSw Hcp Uk\ntesd IemImcm Hcmgv Ntbmfw Iqmbn
{]hnmWv sInSfpsS s]mfn `nnI Nn{X
sImv AecnXv. Ip ]cnNbn Nn{Xinev] IemcoXnIsf
amnadnv, Akm[mcWamb BhtmsS ]pcoXnI ae
bmfnv hcp ImnbhcmWv sImnapkcokv _n\mse IemImc
m. ChcpsS Bcm[Icpw ]cnNbmcpamb Htsdt] ki
Icmbn Fntp. Nne Znhkfn kmbmfn kwKo
Xhpw \mS]mpsamw Actdn. BsIsbmcp Dhmcow.
NmbwNmenpw Nn{Xw hcpw _n\mte Nn{XImcm tamSn]n
Snn Cu \Kcamen\y kwkvIcW tI{fpsS amdnb
apJmbbpsS {]XoIamWv. tIcfw Cv t\cnSp {][m\ hnI
k\shphnfnbmb amen\ykwkvIcW cwKv ]pXnb ]mX Xpd
m\p Bepgbnse ]coWv _n\mse IemImcm
cpsS Nn{XmRvPenbmWv hgntcn Ftdm_nIv _n . hens
dnbm a\pIpw amen\yanm sXcphpIpw thn
bp Nn{Xm\.
\Kcnse {][m\ amen\ykwkvIcW kwhn[m\amWv Cv
Ftdm_nIv ItmnMv. eyan ]Xns\mp tI{fnembn 100
89
Ftdm _nIv Itm nMv _np I m]n p I gn p. Ghpw
{itbambnp Hcp tI{w BenticnbnemWv . Ghpw
IqSpX amen \yw P\ sImn SpXpw Chn sSbmWv .
]mpcpnbn 20 _npIfpsS Hcp dmWv m]npXv.
AXy]qw et FXnpIfpmbncppq.
200300 _npI \KcnsemSpambn m]npIbmWv
eyw. \K c hm kn I Xcw Xn cn ssPh am en\yw _np I fn
\nt]nWw. kmh[m\amsWnepw \Kcw Cu Nnbntebvv
\Sp\opIbmWv. amen\yw tiJcnv ktmZb]pcs
dpIfntev sImp t]mbncp \Kck`m sXmgnemfnI Ftdm
_nIv dpIfpsS NpaXemcmbn amdn. Ftdm_nIv _npIfn
Icnbnebpw NmWIhpw amen\yhpw CShnmWv \nt]npXv.
NmWIn\p ]Icw Ctm Ct\mpew D]tbmKnpp. Icn
bne IqSntb Xocq. Icnbne tiJcnpXpw kqnpXpw Cu
\Kck`m sXmgnemfnIfmWv. \Kck`bnse InPv Poh\m
cpsS DchmZnXzfpw tPmenbpw ]p coXnIsmv amdp
IbmWv. \Kck`m Iuknens apssIbpw Poh\mcpsS k
XbpamWv Ccw am kmyamIpXv.
90
Su lmfn \Kck`bpsS Hcp s]mXp]cn]mSn \SpI
bmWv. km[mcW HutZymKnI NSpIfn \npw `nambn ]mp
]mSnbmWv XpSw. IukneamcpsS t\XrXznep kwL
amWv ]mpIm.
\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw ]XnbpsS knt tkmMv
Bbn amdnb Cu ]mv amen\y amt\Pvsapambn _s tbmK
fnsemw ]XnhmWv. amen\y amt\Pvsav Hcp kmaqlnI ey
amsWv \mw Ip. Cu eynsem \SpcoXnIfn hen
sbmcp amw A\n hm cy am Wv . amen\y Dev ]m Z \ n Ipd hp
hcppXn\pw A\nhmcyambpmIp amen\yw Nnbmbn kwkvI
cn p Xn \pap at\m `m h amWv amen\y amt\ Pv sans
{][m\hiw. Cu a\ntev \mSv \Sp IbdWw. AXn\v Bg
nep {]NcWhpw t_m[hXvIcWhpw BhiyamWv. kaql
nse hnhn[ hn`mK Cu amns ]XmImhmlIcmIWw.
hensdnbm a\pI; amen\yanm sXcphpI F ap{Zm
hmIyw Cu [mcWbpsS ASnm\n cq]sXmWv. hens
dnbm a\pI krjvSnbvm \ne`h\w ]Xnbn \nc
h[n {]NcW am kzoIcnp. ipNnXzIem PmYbnse Bap
C\n hcpsmcp Xeapdbvv
ChnsS hmkw kmytam?
aen\amb Pemibw,
aen\amsbmcp `qanbpw
C\n hcpsmcp Xeapdbvv
ChnsS hmkw kmytam?
XWepInm X]nemWnv
ChnsSsbm aeIfpw
Zml\ocn\p \mhp \on
hcp ]pgI khpw
Impt]mepw hoSn
Imp\nevpw \mfpI
ChnsSsbs ]ndhnsbv
hnpI X a{Ww
(\ne `h\w,
\ne \Kcw knt tkmMv)
11
hensdnbm a\pI
amen\yanm sXcphpI
91
JKm\amWv Su lmfn \S NSn Iukneam AS
p kwLw Be]nXv. Cu {]NcW]cn]mSnIfpsS Hcp kmam\y
AhtemI\amWv Cu Aymbw.
hmSv k p I, Iymp I (Water and sanitation-
WATSAN)
IpnIsf amns kti hmlIcmn ampI FXmWv
WATSAN pIfpsS eyw. \KcmXnnbnse UP, HS, HSS
kvIqfpIfnsemw WATSAN pI cq]oIcnpIbmWv BZyw
sNbvXXv. hynipNnXzw am{Xa kmaqly ipNnXzhpw {][m\am
sW ktiamWv Cu pIfneqsS \evIm {ianpXv. Pe
kwcWhpw kmaqlnI ipNnXzhpw \msfbpsS krjvSnbvv A\n
hmcyLSIfmsW Bibneqnb {]h\fmWv p
I GsSppXv. amen\yapamb Hcp Acon\v Nne
_Z PohnXaqey A\nhmcyamsWpw AXn\v XpSw Ipdn
m IpnIv Ignbpsapap [mcWbpw pIfpsS cq]o
IcWn\v ]nnepv. mnv InpIv ]Icw D]tbmKnm
92
hp t] _mKpIfpsS \nmWw IpnIsf ]cnioennXv
Cusbmcp eyw ap\ndpnbmWv.
mnv Iymcn _mKns D]tbmKw \nWw. Fmepw ]mnMv
saocnbembn hoSpIfn mnv Fpw. Cs\ A\nhmcyam
sbp mnv hensdnbpItbm InpItbm sNcpXv.
AXv IpnI IqnshbvWw. IgpIn shSnmn DWn kvqfp
Ifn sImphv Xqn mnv Afv Nmn kqnWw.
Hcp Intem mnn\v Hcp {IUnv. kvqfn kqnp cPn
dn Cu {IUnv tcJsSppw. hjmhkm\w Hcp {IUnn\v 20
cq]bpsS ]pkvXIw F tXmXn IpnIv ]pkvXIw \evIpw.
kvIqfpIfn \npw \Kck` mnv kw`cnv dntkmgvkv dn
hdn skdntev ampw. mnv kw`cWn\v kokv Sow AwK
kvIqfpIsf klmbnpw. Ccsamcp {]h\]cn]mSn
Watsan pIv \evIpIbmWv. mnv kw`cnpXn\p
Hcp ]cn]mSnb, adnv mnv InpIv ]Icw t] _mKp
I D]tbmKnpI, A\nhmcyambn Fntcp mnv In
msXbpw hensdnbmsXbpw dossknn\mbn ssIamdpI Fn
s\bp aqey IpnIfneqsS {]NcnnpIbmWv eyw.
201314 AmZanIhjw ap\nknXenepw kvqXe
nepw hmSvkm IympI kwLSnnp. hntI{oIrX DdhnS
amen\ykwhn[m\fpsS imkv{Xhpw kmtXnIhnZybpw IpnIsf
]cnNbsSpp {]h\m[njv TnXamb IympIfmbncpp
Ch. {itbamb A\p`hambncpp IympI. \Kck`mXen
ep Iymn 300 e[nIw IpnI ]sSpp. _Z Dev]
fpsS \nmWw, hensdnbp hkvXpfn \npw Ifnmfpw
IuXpI hkvXpfpw \nn, ipNnXzw {]tabamn kvInp
I Xmdm XpSn Iymv Gsd hnm\{]Zhpw ckIchp
ambncpp. hnZymebipNnXzw kw_n s{]mPIvSpI Xmdm
nbmWv kvIqfpI Iymn FnbXv. s{]mPIvSpIv a
chpw GsSpnbncpp. ]cnnXn kwcWns {]m[m
\yhpw amen\y`mcw hcpp hn\Ifpw Fmw IuXpIIcambn
Ipn I fn se n m Iymn\v Ign p. ssan PmIv ks
Fv tkmv F kp{]kn ]cnnXn kwKoX B_w
hopw hopw {]Zinnm IpnI BhiysXv lrZyam
sbmcp A\p`hambncpp.
Cu \nc P\XXnpw
C\n hcp \qdp \qdp
Xeapdbv psambm{ibw
Cusbmscm `qanbm{ibw
93
CXmbncpp hmSv km Iymv Km\w. kv qfpIfn \S
IympIfn 1500 IpnI ]sSpp. \ne `h\w ]XnbpsS
{]NcWw hoSpIfn henb tXmXn Fnm Ign HmWv
hmSvkm pw IympIfpw. Iymn ]cnioen ]mpIfpw ]cn
nXn {]h\fpw Cv \Kcnse ]e kvIqfpIfnepw nc
ambn D]tbmKnpp. 2014 sk]vXw_ 11,12,13 XobXnIfn \S
hmvkm Iymn 500 hnZymnI ]sSpp. ipNnXzns
ASnm\n kvqfpIv t{KUnwKv GsSpm Iymv
Xocpam\np. kvqfpIfn D]tbmKnp mnIv D]v
]camh[n ]Icw hkv Xp Isn D]tbmKnm Iymv
AwK apssIsbSppw. Fm cmw i\n bmgv Nbpw
HptNcm\pw XpSbmb ipNnXz {]NcWfn GsSm\pw
Xocpam\npsImmWv Iymv kam]nXv. amns, thdnsmcp
]mXbpsS Nn kmhImiw ]pXnb Xeapdbntebvv ssIamdpI
bmWv hmSvkm pI.
IemPmY
]mpw \mS I fpw kwKo X in ev ] hp samw Bi b {] N c W
n\v D]tbmKnp ]cnNbap k{]hI \ne`h\w
]Xnbn XpSw apXte ]mfnIfmWv. amen\y amt\Pvsans
ktiw P\fn Fnm IemPmY kwLSnnm Xocp
am\nXpw ChcpsS apssIbnemWv. amen\y{]iv\w tI{{]tab
am n bp ]cn]mSnI imkv {X km ln Xy ] cn j ns ]e
IemPmYIfnepw AhXcnnnpv. Ah BepgbpsS kmlN
cyn sNnan\pn D]tbmKnm Xocpam\np. aepdv
\nv Fw.Fw. kNo{ amjpw sshv \nv thWphpw ]me
mSv \nv {ioIWvT amjpw CSpnbn \nv cmP\pw sImv
\nv cmPtiJc\pw klmbnms\n. XfpsS A\p`h
]pshbvm Bepgmcpw tNp.
FdWmIpfv HptN kwLw ]cn]mSnIfpsS DSw
Xocpam\np. IemPmYbpsS kv{In]vv HcmgvNbvIw Xmdmn. 5
Znhkw \op\nevp dntlgvkW Iymv. 12 t]cmbncpp Iem
Pm Y bn AwK . Gsdbpw tImtfPv hnZymn I. cp
kvIq IpnI. ]ns kmaqly {]hIcmb Ipdpt]cpw. 2013
G{]n 17\v sshInv IcfIw Su F ]n Fkn \S\pw kwhn
[mbI\pamb a[p]memWv IemPmY DZvLmS\w sNbvXXv. 8 Znh
kfnembn 15 tI{fn IemPmY ]cn]mSnI AhXcnnp.
Inn sIn amen\yw sXcp hn en Sp coXnsb IW v
Ifnbmnbpw Imnp Xpnbpw hensdnpw ]cnkcw aen\
94
amIp at\m`mhs XpdpImnbpw amen\yw Dbp tcmK
òjWnsbn apdnbnv \evInbpw Cusbmscm `qan am{XamWv
Poh \m {ibw F ]cn nXn ktiw ]Snbpw Iem PmY
\ne `h\w ]XnbpsS ktiw {]Ncnnp. \ne `h\w
]XnbpsS GXmsm {]hIcpw Xsm ktijn
sImv DdhnSamen\y kwkvIcWns ktiw {]Ncnnp
Xn ]mfnIfmbn. BibsFIyhpw Iqmbvabpw ktijnbp
Wpw Fp sXfnbpIbmbncpp. \ne `h\w ]XnbpsS
]e k{]hIcpsSbpw t^mWnse dnMv _mv tSm
CXmWv ; ""\Kcw \XmWw/\bpXmWw/BtcmKyt_m
[ap P\X hfcWw/Bepgsb ipNn Xz apXmWw. ''
]msgpXnbXpw CuWanXpw Hcp k{]hI. ]mSnbXv
AbmfpsS PohnXkJn.
Ipntmeokpw F Fkv Fkv hfnbamcpw
amen\yw hensdnbpXv Im Ipntmeokv hnkneSnpw.
AcpsXv BwKyw ImWnpw. Fkv Un hn t_mbvkv kvIqfnse
IpntmeokmWv sXcphp hrnbmpXn\p {ian ]m
fn I fm b Xv . \ne `h\w ] Xn bpsS {]h \ fn
hnZymnIsfbpw ]mfnIfmm t]meokpw Xmev]cysaSpp.
I\mcbnepw apw amen\yw hensdnbphsc ssItbmsS ]nSn
IqSm Bepg t]meokv kPohambn cwKndnbncpp.
Fkv Un hn bnse pUv t]meokns NpaXebp Be
pg t\mv kn Ckvs]IvSdmWv Ipntmeokns\ amen\y
amt\Pvsans ]mT ]TnnWsav Bhiysv kao]n
Xv. Fkv Un hn tKkv kvIqfn 2014 se HmWw Ah[nv \S
hmSvkm Iymn Ipntmeokv ]Sbpw ]sSpp. bqWnt^m
anv t]meokv Nnbn ]cnnXn Iymn Hcp IpnS. Ahsc
\ne`h\w ]XnbpsS XpS {]h\fn ]mfnIfmm
Xocpam\npIbmbncpp. sXcphn amen\yw hensdnbphsc
t\mn sXsmcp imk\m`mhn hnkneSnv AcpsXp ]d
bp Ipntmeokv Nnd IuXpIa krjvSnXv.
tImtfPpIfntebpw lb skdn kvIqfpIfntebpw \mj
W tkhnwKv kvIow (NSS) k{]hIsc XpSw apX
Iymbn\ns `mKamm {ianncpp. DdhnS amen\ykwkv I
cW kwhn[m\fnse A`ncpNn Adnbm \Snb kt apX
F Fkv Fkv hmfnbam Iymbn\n ]mfnIfmbncpp.
InSmw]dv hmUn \S amkv o\nMv ]cn]mSnbn Be
pg Fkv Un tImtfPntebpw skv tPmk^vkv tImfPntebpw
95
F Fkv Fkv IpnI kPohambn ]sSpp. 2014 Unkw_
amkw 3 m]\fnse F Fkv Fkv hmjnI IymmWv
Bepg \Kcn \SnbXv. 3 hmUpI tI{oIcnmbncpp
Ch {]h\w \SnbXv. tNe Fkv F tImtfPnse
IpnI IcfIw hmUnepw tNe skv ssankv InSmw
]dv tI{oIcnpw, s\SpapSn F Fkv Fv Fkv Fknse Ipn
I IdpIbn hmUv tI{oIcnpamWv \ne `h\w \ne
\Kcw {]h\fpsS {]NcWw \SnbXv.
Cu hmUpIfn ss]v Itmv bqWnpI m]np
Xnepw IpnI ]mfnIfmbn. Ignbp{X m]\fnse \mj
W kokv kvIow bqWnpIsf kq ipNnXzw ssIhcn
m {ianp hmUpIfpambn _nnv \nccap {]h
\ \SpXv henb aptapmm klmbnpw.
{Inkvakv Itcmfpw HmWmtLmjhpw
2013 se {Inkv Xpakv Xtev \Kcn \Snb ipNnXz
Itcm {itbambncpp. F Fkv Fkv IpnIfpw IpSpw_{io
{]hIcpsamw IukneamcpsS t\XrXzn ipNnXztcm
Ky {]h\fn ]mfnIfmbn. Cu ]cn]mSnbnemWv Iq
ssN\okv hymfn ipNnXz ktin\v \KcnendnbXv. amcm
cn p fs C]v bpsS {]h I cmWv hymfn Ah X cn n Xv .
amen\yw hngpm hymfn Cdn F Xesn amyafn
henb hmbmbn.
2013se HmW m ev \K c nse IpSpw _ {io {]h
Imbn ipNnXz HmWmtLmjw kwLSnnp. ipNnXz ]qf
achpw XncphmXnc achpw tNv \ne `h\w \ne
\Kcw HmWm tLmjw s]mSn s]m Sn p. Cu HmWm tLmj ]cn
]mSnbn shmWv \ne `h\w ]Xn \Kc hym]IamIp
Xns {]Jym]\w \SXv. `qcn]w hmUpIfn \npw ac
n ]mfnhpapmbn. Hcp ]q Znhkw \op\n \ne
`h\w HmWm tLmj ]cn ]m Snbpw AXns hm Ifpw henb
tXmXn ipNn Xz k tiw P\ fn se n m klm b I am bn.
Bepg tNe I\meneqsS HmWmev \Snb D{XmS
tmWn bm{Xbpw IuXpIIcambncpp.
kq ipNnXz{]Jym]\w
3 hmUpI kq ipNnXz ]Zhnbntev \onb Imcyw
t\cs kqNnnp. henb BtLmjambnmWv kq ipNnXz
{]Jym]\w \SnbXv. kwm\\KcImcy a{n {io. afmw
96
Ipgn Aenbpw Bepgbnse Fw F Famcpw, Ip, emep
AeIv kv , appaWn XpSnb A`nt\Xmfpw, kwhn[mbI
tdmj B{Uqkv , XncYmIrv kRv Pbv Fohcpw ]s
Sp hn]peamb NSv. aqv hmUpIfn \npw ipNnXz kti
tLmj bm{X InSmw]d n kwK an m Wv kq ipNnXz
{]Jym]\w \SnbXv.
Innb k`fnsemw Ccw NSpI kwLSnnncp
p. _tbmKymkv mpIfpsS Fw \qdnsenbtmgpw Ccp\q
dnsenbtmgpw Aqdnsenbtmgpsamw Ccw BtLm
j kwLSnnp. \ne \Kcw ]Xn Bcw`nv Hcp sIm
n\Iw hn]peamb skan\m kwLSnnp. DdhnS amen\y kwhn
[m\ m]n hoSpIfpsSbpw AXn\p apssI FSp dkn
Ukv Atkmkntbj\pIfpsSbpw kokv Sow AwKfpsSbpw
A\p`hfpw A`n{]mbfpw ]pshbvm\mbncpp skan\m.
]Xnbn ]mfnIfmb GPknIv P\tfmSp ]dbmdp
Xv ]d bm\pw Ahv P\ fn \npw tIm \p Xv
tIm\pw D kàmbn IqSnbmWv skan\m \SXv.
tImgntmSv F sF nbnse tUm. enkm {ioPnns
t\XrXzn \S mnpw ]cnnXnbpw F skan\mdpw
{itbambncpp. mnns kz`mhhpw mnns ]p\Nw
{IaW kmyXIfpambncpp skan\mdns {]tabw.
Ccn NSpI \SpsXn\mWv F hnai\w
]etImWn \npw Dbphncpp. amen\y amt\Pvsanse
kmaq ly X e s p dnv {]Xn ]m Znp Ign p. hensdnbm
a\kpI krjvSnm Ccw {]NcW ]cn]mSnI A\nhmcy
amWv F Nnbn \nmWv Cu ]cn]mSnIsfmw DSseSpXv.
a\p \nd amya ]npW
NSpIfpsS "[mcmfnw' hnai\hnt[bambnpv. Hmtcm
NSpw amy a fn hm I fmbn amdpp F efn X amb
hkv XpX hnaiI adpt]mbn. NSn ]sSpp \qtdm
Bbnctam t]cnte \KchmknIfmb ]Xn\mbncfntemWv
Iymws]bns ktiw Cs\ FpXv. ê{]Zamb hnIk\
Iymws]bv _lp P \ am y a fpsS ]np W tbmsS Fs\
hfnsbSpmw FXns Da DZmlcWamWv kmcXm
{]m \w. P\ Io bm kq {X Whpw XpS n km {Xn I amb
amya ]npW t\Sn. Fm ]noSv tNcnXncnhpIfpw hnai\
fpwsImv Acow apJcnXambtXmsS kti ]m
e _lfn apntmbn. P\Iobmkq{XWnse h\nXm
97
LSI]XnbpsS hnPbhpw ]nIh D]]XnbpsS XmcXtay\
]ntmSnbpw kwthZ\ hnPb]cmPbfpsS ASnm\n
hniZoIcnp {]amW{]_ Xsbpv. BepgbpsS
hnPbn\v ImcWw amya \Inb AIagn ]npW
bmWv .
at\m`mhn amw hcpn amen\y{]iv\w ]cnlcnm\p
{iaamWtm Cu Iymbn. kmtXnIhnZybpsS XncsSppw
{]tbmKhpw t]mepw amdnb a\pIfn \npapmtI
Xocpam\fmWv. XpSw apX ]camh[n \KchmknIfntebvv
t\cnp ktisanm\mbncpp {iaw. hynItfmSv Bib
hn\nabw \Sp coXn. Asn sNdp IqtmSv. AXn\mbn
\Snb {]NcWfmWv \mw IXv . `h\ki\w apX
IemPmYI hscbp Bibhn\nba ktX kzoIcnp.
Hmtcm {Kqns\bpw A`nkwt_m[\ sNpXn\p {iafpw
\Sn. IpnIfn amns ktisanm\pw {ianp.
Fm Ccnep Hcp I\ amw hynItfmSpw
sNdpIqtfmSpw Bibhn\nabw \Sn am{Xw km[nm\mhn.
]g [mcWIfpw AhyXIfpw BfpIfn am{Xa, A[n
ImctI{fnepw cqVaqeambncpp. amen\ykwkvIcW{ia
tIcfnsemSpw ]cmPbaS A\p`hw \mw Ip. kmtXnI
hnZysImv {]iv\w ]cnlcnmsa [mcWbnembncpp s]mXp
hn tIcfw. BfpIfnepw A[nImctI{fnepw Hcp amw A\n
hmcyambncpp. AXn\v amyafpsS Iehdbnm ]npW
thWambncpp. a\p \ndmWv amya Cu ]Xnsb
]npWXv. ASn amyafpw Zriyamyafpw \ne `h\w
]Xnbn ]mfnIfmbn. kmcXm {]m\n\p e`n ]np
Wsb A\pkvacnnpwhn[amWv Cu hntI{oIrX amen\ykwkv
IcW ]cn]mSnbvp amya ]npW \IpXv.
Bepgbnepmb Nnd cmjv {Sob FXnpI Cu ]cn
]mSnsb _m[nmXncnpXpw Cu amya ]npW sImmWv.
\ne `h\w ]XnbpsS kti P\fnsenpw
hensdnbphv apdnbnp \Inbpw ]Xn krjvSnp
IuXpI hmbmnbpw amya Imbns\mw tNp
amen\y {]Xnknsbpdnv ]ccsbgpXnb tZim`nam\n
D]kwlcnXv ""amXrIbpv. ssItImmw'' F hmtbmsS
bmWv. amXrIbmbn "\ne `h\w, \ne \Kcw ]Xn' F
Xesn t_mIvkv hm {]tXyIw \IpIbpw sNbvXp.
aqp hmUpIfpsS kqW ipNnXz {]Jym]\w \S
tbmKnshv ipNnXz ]cn]mSn \Snemm P\{]Xn\nIv
98
XpSv acnm Ahkcw \Insv Pn. kp[mIc Fw
F F ]dncpp. Cu {]kvXmh\bvv e`n {]m[m\yw, ipNn
Xz ]cn]mSnbvv amya \Ip {]m[m\yw shfnsSpp
XmWv
LDF councillors who did not implement waste management
schemes, would not be permitted to contest in the upcoming polls
Fmbncpp Zn lnp dntmp sNbvXXv.
sImn \Kchmknbmb kn\namXmcw Ip ipNnXz {]Jym]
\ktf\n BemcnIambn HcpImcyw ]dp. iphmbp
izknv acnsWn Bepgbn hcWsambncpp Atl
ns Iav. ""\ izmkw Inn acnm Bepgmc\mIW
sav Ip'' F Xesn \mep tImfnemWv amXr`qan
hm \InbXv. ""lmbv, aqps]mmsX \Smw'' Fmbn
cpp tIcfIuapZnbpsS Xesv.
hgntbmcfn Fbvtdm_nIv Itmv _npI m]n
Imcyw ]dphtm. Cu {]h\n\pw ]{X henb
{]m[m\yw \In. amen\yw hensdntbXnspw XcwXncnv
Fbvtdm_nIv _npIfn \nt]nm aXnsbpap ktiw
P\fnsenm amya apssIsbSpp. ""Fbvtdm_n
n Fnq... okv'' F tZim`nam\n hm amya
Cu ktiw ]cm hln ]v hyampXmWv.
hen sdn bp hp w amen \yw tdmUn ep w tXmSn ep w
Xphpw apdnbnp \Ip hmIpw amya
henb {]m[m\yw \In. Bepg tNe I\men Adhp
amen\yw Xms\nbhsc \Kck`bpsS BtcmKyhn`mKw
kv IzmUv ]nSnIqSn. ""FFkv I\men Adhpamen\yw Xms\
phsc ]nSnIqSn'' F Xesn \meptImfw hmbmWv
aebmf at\mca \InbXv . amen\yw X ]ng 25000 cq]
F Hcp t_mIv kp hmbpw \In. I\mepIfn amen\yw
Xphsc \nconm ImadI m]n k`w. clky
Imad angnXpdp, F Fkv I\men amen\yw CSph C\n
IpSppw F AptImfw hmbpw It{Sm dqan
FwFFbpw s]meokv kwLhpw Imadm Zriy \nconp
Xn s Hcp hWNn { Xhp w \In bmWv aebmf at\mca
hensdnbpXns\Xnscbp ktiw {]NcnnXv.
F Fkv I\mens t]mf hmcn \on I\m hrnbmnb
Xn\p tijw I\men Hcp hm sskn Cdnbncpp. Cu
{]h\nepw ]{X henb {]m[m\yw \In. hm
ssknfpw Fn, I\m ipNoIcWw Bthinanntebvv
99
F amXr`qan hm HcpZmlcWw am{Xw. GXm\pw Znhkw
Igntm hm ssknfns s{]m Btcm tamjvSnp.
\ne `h\w {]hIv henb thZ\bpmnb kw`ham
bncpp AXv. Ip sImXnXocpw apt IpsImpt]mbtm F
hmbpw ssknfn Hcp Ipn khmcn \SpXns Nn{Xhpw
\In bmWv {]hIcpsS tcmjn aebmf at\mca
]ptNXv. ipNnXz ]XnbpsS `mKamIp amyasfbmWv
\mw ChsS ImWpXv.
\ne `h\w ]XnbpsS {]NcWn\mbn \Snb
]cn]mSnIfpw krjvSn IuXpIfpsamw hmIfn \ndv
amya ]Xnbn ]mfnIfmbn.
100
Bepg \neamIWsan hoSpIfpw sXcphpIfpw
ipNnbmbm t]mcm. I\mepIfpw ipNnbmIWw. Bepg \Kcw
I\mepIsf tI{oIcnmWv hfXv. \Kcns Poh\mUnbm
bncpp Ah. ]mpcpn Bn\npw ISpdtbvp
sImtagvky I\mens \nmWtmsSbmWv Bepg]Ww
DZbw sImXv. 19mw \qmn hmS\m \nmWw Bcw`n
p. Ch cns\bpw tbmPnnpsImv 4 t{Imkv I\mepIfpw Dv.
ChbpsS \ofhpw hoXnbpw ]nIbn sImSpnpv.
Ingns sh\okv FmWv Bepg Adnbs
SpXv . Fm BepgbpsS hmkv Xpinev ]
ssien t\mptm sh\oknt\mS, tlmf
nse sebv U t]mep I\m]WtfmSmWv
\Kcn\p kmayw. sh\okn sInS I\m
XocmWv. sInSfn\npw \ncntebv,
I\mentebvmWv CdpXv. Fm Bepg
bn I\mens Hmcv \ncpIfmWv. \ncpI
fpsS adphimWv sInS. sebv U t]mep
I\m ]WfpsS {]IrXw CXmWv. ]gb ]e
sInSfpsSbpw hmkv Xpssienbn Up
kzm[o\w ImWmw. Cpw Bepgbn Hcp Up
kv Izb Dv . sImn apX sXtmv Uv
B[n]Xyw \ne\nncp ImemWv Bepg
]Ww m]nsXpXs. Bepg \Kcm
kq{XWs Up ssien kzm[o\nnpmImw.
Ip\mnse I\mepIfneqsS bm{X sNbv Xtm
gmbncnmw {_nojv ssht{kmbn Ingns
sh\okv Fv Bepgsb hntijnnXv. AhnsS
]eepw tXmSns HmcmWv hoSpI
DmbncpXv .
_n\ptam tSmw Bepg sldntPv
skmssknbn \Snb Ingns sh\otkm,
Ingns sebvUt\m
F {]`mjWn\nv
12
Bepg I\mepIfpsS
]p\cpmcWw
101
hmS\m, hmWnPy I\m FnhbmWtm {][m\
I\mep I. In gt PwKv j I\m Chsb ]ckv ]cw
_nnpp. Ip\mnse sNfn{]tZisbpw Bepgbnse
aW{]tZisbpw thXncnp XcnemWv Cu t{Imkv
I\m nXnsNpXv . hmWnPy I\m ]mpcpn
Bnepw hmS\m ]paS ImbenepamWv FpXv. 8.8 In ao
BWv ChbpsS BsI \ofw. BKkvXv, sk]vXw_ amkfnse
Pe\ncv 1 ao apX 1.2 ao hscbmWv.
I\mens t]cv
\ofw
(ao)
icmicn
hoXn (ao)
dnamIv kv
Dqn I\m
250 20
]Snmtd Aw
hmWnPy I\m
3500 20
Ingt Aw
]m\Znbn
tNcpp.
hmS\m
2950 19
Ingt Aw
]paSmben
tNcpp.
]Snmtd PwKvj
I\m
880 19
]Snmtd t{Imkv
I\m
apdn]pg I\m 600 8
sk{S t{Imkv
I\m
Ingt PwKv j
I\m
640 17
Ingt t{Imkv
I\m
CXn\p ]pdsa H\h[n sNdpI\mepIfpw Chbn hptNcp
p v . Chbpw ]v KXm K X n\v D] tbm Kn n cp p. CXn
Ghpw {][m \ s h Be pg tNe I\mepw A e p g
bntebv p Imn tmSpw BWv . Cu I\m irwJe Cv
kq XIbnemsWp am{Xa, \Kcnse Ipsmn
I F \nebn AXoh KpcpXcamb ]mcnnXnI BtcmKy
XIbpsS tI{ambn amdpIbpw sNbvXncnpp. I\mepIfpsS
\hoIcWw Hgnhmnsmv ipNnXz Bepgsbpdnv Btem
Nnm\mhn. sNdptXmSpI ]p\cpcnp sImt \Kcns
]e `mKpap shspI Hgnhmm\mhpIbpp.
I\mepIfpsS Cs nXn
I\m \hoIcW ]cn]mSnbpsS ]cnnXn AhtemI\w ùa
imkv {X ]T\ tI{w \Snbncpp. CXns `mKambn \S
KpW\nehmc ]cntim[\bn I\m Pens aen\oIcWw
]nI 12.1
Bepg I\mepI
102
hyambn. I\mepIfpsS Cs nXn Bscbpw sRnpw.
]teSpw ImepIpm Ignbmhn[w aen\amWv I\mense
shw. Pens ]n Fv aqeyhpw, shnse HmIvknPs
Afhpw Fmw I\m shw AXy[nIw aen\oIcn sncn
pp FmWv ImWnpXv . \KctmSv IqSpX tNp
InSp I\mens ay`mKamWv Ghpw amen\oIcnsXv.
shn\v Hgpv hfsc IpdhmWv. Ingv Imbent\mSv tN
{]tZiv Ipdv HgppXv Hgnm I\mepIfn shw
sInnSpIbmWv . I\mepIfpsS \Spv aSnv Bgw
IpdXn\m ]eepw hv bm{X Akmyambn
cpp. shnse Hmcp\ne hfsc XmgvXmWv. CXv I\mepI
fn IfI \n dbm CSbmn bn p v . t]mfbp w (Ip f
hmg)]mbepw \nd I\mepIfn hpw t_mn\pw Hpw
kmcw kmyam nXnbmWv . Ncv ISn\p sIp
hfpsS tI{ambncpp HcpImev hmWnPy I\m.
Ip]meShv Ncv Ibndv tI{hpw. sIp hfneq
sSbp Ncv \ons kmyXsImmWv Npw In
hyhkmb ns tI{ambn amdnbXv . Cv Cu I\m t]mf
\ndpkmcw Akmyamnbncnpp. t]mf hmcn amnbmepw
GXm\pw Bgv NIsImv hopw \ndbpw. Hmcp Pens
Akmny n IfI XgphfcpIbmWv . \ndpIhn
IfI I\m Pen kqcy{]Imiw ISpXpw XSbpp.
1976 Xoapw _v hcpXphsc sImn AgnapJp
\npw Imbentev Hmcv Ibdnbncpp. CXv I\mepIfnepw
Fnbncpp. shnse Cu Hmcp kmnyw IfIfpsS hf
XSp. ISentev \ Hgpp agmev Imbentepw
I\mepIfntepw Dp Ibdn. th\evmev Hgpv Ipdbptm
gmWv Dp IbdpXv. Cmep Xoapw _v ASnSpw.
AtXmsS Hmcv Ibw ]qWambpw \n ep. Bepgbn se
I\mepIfpsS If \nd Cs nXnv Hcp {][m\ ImcWw
Xoapw _mWv. Hmcv shw Ibdnbm \inp C\w
IfIfmWv Cu I\mepIfn hfcpXv.
I\m ]p\cpmcW]Xn
I\mens Cs ZpxnXnv Hcp {][m\ ImcWw Hmcp
Ibw \neXmWv . CXv ]p\xm]nm\mbm Cs
ZpcnXmh amdpw. ISshw \nb{nXambn I\men Fnv
Ifbpw apw \nb{nm\mWv ]cn]mSn. Pnm IfIvSdmbncp {io.
thWptKm]mens apssIbn kwm\ PetkN\ hIpmWv
103
Hcp ]cn]mSn aptmp hXv . 2005epw I\men Dpshw
IbpXn\p Hcp ]Xn \Smm {iaw \Sncpp.
ss]pIfn aSnv ASXpaqew ]Xn Dt]ntn
hp. Cu { ]iv \w ]cn lcn pXn \p thn ss]pI
ISen tebv v Iq Sp X Cdn bn p w aSn m \ow
sNpXn\p kwhn[m\ HcpnbpamWv ]pXnb ]Xn
cq]sSpnbXv .
ISens\bpw I\mens\bpw cv Ccpp ss]pIsImv
_nnv Hmcp shw I\men Ibm\mWv ]cn]mSn. CXn\mbn
1 ao hymkap cv Ccpp ss]pI ISen 150 ao
Dntev CdnbnSpw. NH 47 ss_ ]mkn\v kao]w \nnp
tNdntemIpw Cu ss]pI FpI. Dqn I\men \ncvn
p jdpItfmSp IqSn b asmcp tNw_dn s\ CXpambn
_nnpw. sdKpte m]np shw IbdpXv \nb{npw.
IS\ncn\npw 1.2 ao XmgvnbmIpw ss]v m]npI.
kz m`mhn Iambn ISshw HgpIn I\mepIfn Fpw.
km[mcW Imemhbn skn 1.5 L\ ao IS
shamWv I\mentev IbdpI. Imemhbnse ampw
XncbpsS kz`mhhpw A\pkcnv CXn hyXymkw hcpw. aSnp
ss]v ASbpXv XSbm\pw ]Xnbn ]cn]mSnbpv.
I\mepIfnse sNfnbpw apw \on Hgpv kpKaw Bm\p
{]h\fpw ]Xnbn s]Spnbnpv. 200910 se _Pn
CXn\mhiyamb ]Ww hIbncppIbpw sNbv Xp. ùaimkv {X
]T\tI{amWv Cu ]XnbpsS ]cnnXn BLmX]T\w
\SnbXv. \Kcns Ingt AXnn Ip\mSns `mKamWv.
I\mepIfpsS Ingt Aw tNv Ap ]mS tiJcfpv.
tZhkzw Icn,In A tmv, In ayw, _n\Iw, sIm
Ipgn, Icpthen Fs ]mS tiJcfnembn 961 G Ccpq
\n e Dv . Dpshw Irjn mev I\mepIfpsS
Ingtbw hsc Hcp Ibdnbm s\Irjnsb tZmjambn _m[n
ptam F Bi ]T\n ]cntim[nncpp. Irjnmew
IWmn Hmcv Ibw dKptep sNbvXv CXv ]cnlcnm Ignbpw.
I\mepIfpsS n Xn saamn ]mcn n Xn I BtcmKyw
hosSpm ]Xn DXIpw FmWv ]T\ns \nKa\w.
Fm Cu ]Xn Hngbp thKnemWv Ctm
aptmp t]mIpXv. Ig \mep sImwsImv I\mense sNfn
\ow sNm\p {]h\w Bcw`nm am{Xta Ignnpq.
sNfn \opXn\p apv saKm Sqdnkw ]XnbpsS `mKambn I\m
Xocw kucyhev cnpXn\p ]cn]mSn \SnempIbpw
104
sNbv Xp. sNfn hmcn I\mcbntebv v CSptXmsS Fmw
AhXmfn ep amIp w. Icmdp ImmsWn sNfn bp sS
Xmgp aW hmcnsbSpm\mbncpp Xmev ]cyw. Fncp
mepw Cs sXmb apKW\I amn imkv{Xobambn
\Snemnbm I\m ]p\cpmcW ]Xn ASp th\m
eamIptmtgbvpw ]qoIcnm Ignbpw.
shsv Hgnhm
{]IrXymXs NXpp {]tZiambncptm Bepg. At\Iw
sNdptXmSpIfmWv \ohm kmyamnbncpXv . 1970Ip
tijw Cu sNdptXmSpI hym]Iambn \nIsp. Cu {]{Inb
Ctmgpw XpScpIbmWv . ]paSmbocs Ghpw
hensbmcp tlm ]WnXncnpXv tXmSp \nInbmWv .
CtXmsS tlmens ]ndInep ]e{]tZihpw shsmbn
amdn. CXmWv \Kcnse ]e {]tZifpsSbpw s]mXp nXn.
{]tZihmknIfpsS ks XpSv XmmenIambn HmSI
105
]Wnbpw. Hcp {]tZis shsv asmcp {]tZitbv p
ammt\ Cu HmSI D]Icnppq.
Cu ZpxnXnv Hcp ]cnlmcapmIWw. ka{Kamb \oS
s{Ubnt\Pv amnMv \Snsmt CXp kmyamIq. ]e
sNdptXmSpIfpw C\n ]p\cpcnm\mhn. ]Icw ImWI
Fs\ ]WnbWsaXv hniZamb ]T\ns ASnm\n
thWw Xocpam\nm. Nne tXmSpIfpsS Ipdp `mK am{Xta
\nIsnpq. AhnSw Xpdmt\m Asn ss]nv Hgpp
kpKaammt\m {ianWw. Bepg tNe I\men\p IpdpsI
22 _pIfpv. ]e _pIfnepw agmes shw HgpIntm
IpXn\p ]cym]vXamb ss]pIf CnpXv. th\mev
Hgpv ]qWambn \nebv pp. agmev shsmhpw.
_pI s]mfnv IhpI ]WnbWw. Fmte Cu
{]tZis \ohm kpKaamm\mhq.
Cmcyw imkv{Xobambn Fs\ sNmsaXv kw_nv
Hcp ]coWw \Kcns hSp Ingpaqebmb Xw]n
IcfIw {]tZiv \Smm\mWv DtinpXv . ùaimkv {X
]T\tI{n s{]m^kdmbncp {ioIpam NtXm]mymbbpw
Atlns hnZymnIfpamWv CXn\p ]T\ \Sp
Xv.
\ncpI hrnbmpXpt]mse Ffpa tXmSpI
hrnbmpXv Fp hyw. IqSpX kmtXnIamb ]npW
A\nhmcyamWv. \ne `h\w, \ne \Kcw ]XnbpsS `mKambn
sImtagvky I\mepw hmS\mepw Hcphw hrnbmnbncpp.
adnpInS ac \on ]mb hmcn hrnbmnbtXmsS
Hcp]mSp hjp tijw I\mepIfneqsS ]Snmtd
Atbvv h ISphp. ]t, t\cs kqNnnXp
t]mse CsXmcp imizX ]cnlmca. hopw ]mb hfv aqSpw.
Bepg tNe I\m ]ehw ]mbhmcn. ]cnkchmkn
IfpsS Hcp kanXnbpmn, Ahscsmv I\mens XpS
kwcW {]h\ Ddmm {ianppv. ChnSw Hcp
amen\ywX tI{ambncpp. hensdnbphsc \nconm
I\mcbn ]e`mKmbn HfnIymadIfpw m]np. Cu
knknSnhn kwhn[m\w \nb{npXv s]meokv tj\nemWv.
tdmUpt]mse Xs I\mepw ipNnbmbn kqnpXn\v Hcp
P\]mfn ]cn ]mSn \Sn empXn \p ]coWam
bnmWv R Bepg tNe I\mense {]h\sf
ImWpXv .
106
I\mepI Bepg Sqdnkns Poh\mUn
I\m ]p\cpmcWtmsS Bepg Sqdnkn\v Hcp ]pXp
apJw Xs hcpw. Imb bm{XbmWv Cv Bepgbntebv v
bm{XnIsc BIjnpXv. AXpt]mse Xs I\m Sqdnkw
Hcp {][m\ BIjWamn amm IgnbWw. ctm aqtm aWn
qsImv sImtagvky I\m, hmS\m hgnbp tXmWn
bm{XbmWv CXpsImv DtinpXv. IgptmepsImv Dup
hfmbncnpw CXn\v A`nImayw. Ch Xsbmbncnpw Sq
ssKUp I fpw. Be pg \Kcw Cu I\m ep I fpsS Ic I fn emWv
hfphXv FXn\m Cu Pebm{X BepgbpsS Ncn{X
neqsSbp Hcp {]ZnWw IqSnbmbncnpw.
CXn\mbn cv Imcy sNtXpv. Hv, Ikth
j BnsSIvSpIfpsS Hcp Sow ]gbsInSfpsS hniZamb
kvsIpI XmdmpIbpw Ah kwcnm \S]Sn kzoIcn
pIbpw thWw. Cu ]gb sInStfmSv _sSpn sNdp
ayqknbfpsS Hcp irwJe krjvSnWw. Ib, In hyhkmbw,
Xntbmkn^n {]m\w, KpPdmn kapZmbw, anj\dnam,
t{SUv bqWnb {]m\w, ssev lukv, XpdapJw, sImnWn
kapZmbw, t]mpKokpImcpw eo Itmenm ]mccyhpw,
aytaJe, {io\mcmbW \thmm\ {]m\w, ZfnXcpw Ij
IsmgnemfnIfpw, kpK{Zhy Fnh kw_n ayqkn
b \nehnep sInSfntem ]cnkctm m]nWw. h
n t]mIp bm{XnIv AhnsS Cdn ImWm\pw Imcy
a\nemm\pap kuIcyw DmIWw. I\m Icbn
sNdpsdtmdpIfpsS irwJe XsbmImw. QRc (Quick Re-
sponse Code) ASnm\sSpnbnp hnhchn\nab kwhn[m
\hpw Dmmw. Zu`mKyhim Chsbmpw saKmSqdnkw kIyq
n ImWm\n.
107
{]K \Sn aRv Pp hmcy \mbnIthjnsenb lu
HmUv B bp F tdmj B{Uqkv Nn{Xhpw AXp
aptmpsh ktihpw aebmfn I lrZbwsImmWv
kzoIcnXv. Cu kn\na cp {]tab ssIImcyw sNpp
v. Hv, kv{XobpsS kz]v\v kaqlw Iev]np {]mb]
cn[nsbpdnv. cv, \Kc]dn IrjnbpsS kmyXIsfpdn
v. Ch cpw kn\nabn \ncp]a F kv{Xobn HptNcpp.
kz]v \w ImWm {]mbw Hcp {]iv \a! kz]v \w F hmn\v
ChnsS eyw FmWv Aw. ]dn IrjnbneqsS \ncp]a
Hcp eyw bmYmyampIbmWv. Bepgbn kqip
NnXzw ssIhcnp Ignm \Kc]dn Irjnbntebvv \o
WsamWv RfpsS kz]v \w. aqp hmUpIfnse kq
ipNnXz{]Jym]\n\v Cu Nn{Xns AWnbd {]hIsc
R Bepgbntebvp Wnp.
Bepg \Kcn 48,000 hoSpI Dv. Chbn 22,000 sSdkv
sInSfmWv. samw Xpdmb sSdkv hnkvXrXn 125 slIvS
hcpw. ChnsS Irjn sNbvXm 400 S ]dn amkw Dev]mZnn
mw. CXpw Xcnipw AmXpambn 0.6 NXpc{i Intemao hb
`qan \Kcnepv. ]dv hnkvXrXn 0.3 NXpc{i Intemao hcpw.
ChnsSsbmw ]dn Irjn sNm Ignm \Kcnse Bh
iyns aqnsemv \Kcn \npXs Dev]mZnnm\mIpw.
]psImv `qanbpsS \X adbvm\p {iaw
R XpScpIbmWv. \oe{Kls Pohs\m
kv t\lnp Hcp]nSn BfpI Rp
XpWbmbpv. Rv A`bw tXSm asmcnS
an. `qanbpsS XncpapdnhpI t\cnpIhv
kzcmbn Ccnm\pamh. R Akz
cmbns XpScpp. hn{ianm Rp
t\can. ]nncnbm Dtiyhpan. `mhnXeapd
I Rsf Imncnpp.
Fgptq, aptmp \Sq.........
(XeIp\nmsX, t\m_ km\ tPXmhv
hmwKmcnamXmbv bpsS BIY).
13
\ncp]a hnX kz]v\w
sImbvsXSpm Bepg
108
amcmcnpfv R CXv sNbvXnpv. Irjn A\yw h
{]tZiambncpp amcmcnpfw. Imt\jpamcn IWp{]Imcw 10 iX
am\w BfpI am{Xw Irjnbn D]Poh\w \Sp sNmcna
W {]tZiw. Inpgnbn ]n ]n kzmX{yw F ]mbp
{]knUv 90Ifn Hcp lcnX hnhn\p t\XrXzw \evIn. P\
Iob ]dnIrjn Inpgnbn \nv ap kao] ]mbp
Ifntepw hym]np. ssPh ]dnbmWv ChnsS Dev]mZnnp
Xv. Ctm ]te Irjnbpw ^mj\mbnpv. \mS C\
]mbpIfpsS t\XrXzw. hn]W\n\pw kwkvIcWn\pw
kwhn[m\. Inpgn P\Iob ]dn IrjnbpsS ASnm
\ LSIfnhbmWv. Cp \mjW sslthbneqsS Bepg
tNe tdmUn kcnm bm{Xmp ]dn hnevp
Hcp Uk ISIsfnepw ImWmw. hensbmcp B[p\nI ]dn
hnev]\ime Inpgn tmv ]mbv ]WnXp sImncnp
IbmWv. Un kn _pIvkv {]knoIcn acpI DmIpXv
F ]pkv XIn (tXmakv sFkv cNnXv ) Cu hnjbw
hniZambn {]Xn ]mZn p pv . InpgnbpsS Hcp \Kcam
XrIbmWv Bepgbn eyanSpXv.
109
Bepg t]mfnlukv Irjnbntebvv
\Kc ]dn Iymbn\n t]mfnlukv IrjnmWv
{]tXyI Du \evIpXv. tIcfnse Xpdmb Irjnbn
Hcp NXpc{i aodn \npw Dev ]mZnnpXv 2 4 Intem
]dnbmWv. Cv {]Ncnp t]mfnlukv Irjnbn 610 Intem
hsc e`npw. Hcp NXpc{i aodn\v 2025 Intemsbnepw t\Sm\mWv
Bepgbn eyanSpXv. Cp\Sp coXnI AhtemI\w
sNbvXtm I \yq\XI Xncppw. sNssbnse Ghpw
B[p\nI em_pIfn sSv sNbvXv ans kz`mhw ]Tnpw.
AXn\ptijw ssat{Im \yq{Snbv kv \nbnpw. kwcnX
IrjncoXnIfn ]ment Irjn k{Zmb Ii\ambn
]menpw. KpW\nehmcw tat\mw hlnm Hmtcm t_mWn
_ncpZ[mcnsb hoXw GXm\pw t]mfn lukpIv \nbanpw.
t]mfnlukpI ]ehn[apmIpw. sSdkn\p apIfn BZy
Ln 100 t]mfnlukpIfmWv m]npI. ap\nknmenn
bpsS Xcnip{]tZifn IpSpw_{iobpsS kwL t]mfnlu
kpI m]npw. ncamb \nmW Dmpn F
Xn\m apknmennv sInStam atm ]Wntb Bhiyw hcp
tm Ah Ffpn Hgnhmm\mIpw. kzImcyhynI ]ecpw
hmWnPymSnm\n t]mfnlukv Irjnv aptmp hnpv.
200 NXpc{i ao t]mfnlukv (Hmtmtamj kwhn[m\w
DssS) \nnm 4 ew cq]bmWv sNehv . IrjnbpsS
Bh\ sNehv 40,000 cq]bpw kokv ô 10,000 cq]bpamWv.
As\ hcp 4.5 ew cq] BsI sNehn hmbv] 4.3 ew
cq]bpw _mn KpWt`mr hnlnXhpamWv. k_vknUnbmb 1.65
ew cq] hmbv] Aun \nt]npw. IpSpw_{io anj\n
\npw 25,000 cq] hsc k_v knUv e`npw. As\ samw
sNehns ]IpXnbntesd k_vknUn Inpw.
t]mfnlukn\v tIcf Irjn hIpv hn]peamb t{]mml\
amWv \evIpXv. ImjnI taJebnse km apssIIfn
Ghpw \qX\amb CSs]SemWnXv.
t]mfnlukv Cu lcnXIymbn\nse Hcn\w am{Xambncnpw.
Ghpw {][m\w hopaps ]dn Irjn Bbncnpw. Fm
honepw Fsnepw ]dn \SpI. Cu kao]\amWv In
pgnbnse P\Iob ]dn {]m\n\v cq]w\evInbXv. CXn\p
]pdta \Kc{]mnse hbepIfnepw ]dpIfnepw IpSpw
_{iobpsS kwLIrjn t{]mmlnnpw. IpSpw_{iobpw
sdknUkv Atkmkntbj\pambncnpw \Kck`bpsS Cu
Iymbn\v t\XrXzw \evIpI.
]dn Dev] \Kcn m]np mfpI hgn
110
hn]W\w sNm\mWv DtinpXv . IpSpw_{io Ab q
fpsS amnMv In\nbmb amcmcn amnMv Bbncnpw CXn
\p kwhn[m\ HcppI.
lhm\bnse \KcIrjn A\p`hw
amcmcnpfw t]mep \mn]pdv CsXms \Spw. ]t
\Kcn {]mtbmKnIamtWm Fv ktlnph Gsdbpv.
Ahp adp]SnbmWv Iyq_bnse lhm\ \Kcw. Iyq_bpsS
0.67 iXam\w `qhnkv XrXn am{Xap lhm\ \KcnemWv
P\fpsS 20 iXam\w XnnmpXv. Cu \Kcnse ]dn
Bhiyn s kn wl]p w Cv \Kcn XsbmWv
IrjnsNpXv. \KcIrjnbpsS Da amXrIbmWv lhm\.
1998 Bbncpp XpSw. tkmhnbv bqWnb XIp.
AhnsS \np CdpaXn \neambtXmsS Iyq_bn ma
ambn. cmkhffpw IoS\min\nIfpw \ntXmsS Iyq_bnse Ir
jnbpw AhXmfnembn. Atacn D]tcm[w aqew kao]cmPy
fpsS klmbhpw \ntj[nsp. lhm\m Cu B]v Hcp
Ahkcamn. sSdknepw hopappw Fpth, Xpdmb
Xcninsems ]dn Irjnbndn. ip ssPh ]dn Irjnsb
Ah HmKt\mt]mWntmkv FmWv hnfnpXv. kIemim
eIfpw KthjW m]\fpw am{Xa km[mcWmcpw
\qX\ambn Irjn k{Zmb BhnjvIcnp. AXnhn]peambn
]cnioe\w kwLSnnp. km \K c Irjnpthn Hcp
a{mebw Xs krjvSnp.
hopIrjnv Abq kwhn[m\fmWv t\XrXzw
\ev InbXv . henb IrjnbnSfn \psS ap a{n hn hn
cmLh BhnjvIcn {Kqv ^manns hIt`ZfmWv D]tbm
KsSpnbXv. ]ccmKX klIcW Irjnbpapv. tkmhnbv
]X\s XpSv Dmb {]tXyI ImeLnse ]nWnv
FXncmb bpw Iyq_ Hcp Zim_vZw sImv hnPbnp.
^pUv BUv A{Kn HmKss\tkjs (FAO)
am\ZWv U {]Imcw Hcmv {]XnZn\w 300 {Kmw ]dnbmWv
thXv. 2001 Iyq_bn 131 {Kmta e`yambncppp. 1997
lhm\ \Kcnse ]dn Dev]mZ\w 20,000 S am{Xambncpp.
2001 AXv 1.3 ew Smbn. 2005 2.72 ew Spw. {]Xnioj
]dn e`yX 340 {Kmw Bbn Dbp. 48 ew sXmgn
sNphcp Iyq_bn \Kc IrjntaJebn ]pXpXmbn 3.5
ew t]v sXmgn \evIm\mbn.
thWsan CXv ChnsSbpw \Spw. thWsav \
Xocpam\nWw.
111
hyXykvX hn`mKfpsS GtIm]\hpw tbmPn {]h\
hpamWv \ne \Kcw, \ne `h\w ]cn ]m Snsb aptmp
sImpt]mIpXv. IpSpw_{io, dknUvkv Atkmkntbj\pI,
km DtZymK, Fmn\pw tat\mhpw apssIpambn
\Kck`m Iukneamcpw P\{]Xn\n[nIfpw. klmbhpambn
kwm\kmcpw. Cu IqmbvabmWv \Kcamen\ykwkvIcW
nse {]Xnknbn Hcp ]pXphgn Xpdm ImcWamIpXv.
kmcpw DtZymKcpw am{Xw NSn \onbm FnnSnm
hpX Cu eyw. Cu IqmbvabpsS {]m[m\yw a\nemn
bmte Ccsamcp ]cn]mSn \Snemm Ignbq.
k_vknUnbpambn Hcp kzbwklmbkwLw
sImmSnbnse P\in kPohambn {]hnp Hcp
kzbw klmbkwLamWv. sImmSn bphP\hmb\ime {]kn
amWv. 1920IfpsS BZyw tIcfnse BZys t{SUv bqWnb
Bb Xn cp hn XmwIq te_ Atkmkn tbj Bcw`n
\nim]mTimebpsS XpSbmWnXv. Cu hmUnse ipNnXz{]h
_lpP\kwLS\Ifpw P\fpsS P\m[n]Xy
t_m[hpamWv \psS Ghpw henb Icpv .
tIcfnse kwLSnX{]m\fnse AwK
kwJy HcptImSnbntesd hcpw. CXn\p ]pdsa
_rlmb klIcW {]m\hpapv. {K
imem {]m\hpw kmcXm {]m\hpw
t]mep {]m\fpapv. Ccw kwLSnX
{]m\sfmw tIcfns im]amsWp
IcpXp Nnesc F\ndnbmw. Cu kaqlns
hnhIcamb ]p\kwLS\bvpthn PohnXw
apgph Dgnpsh F\nv Ccw Imgv N
mSpItfmSv AWpt]mepw tbmPnm\mhn Fp
]dtbXntm.
(CFwFkv, Ay{]kwKw,
Hmw AtZiob tIcf ]T\
tIm{Kkv, 1994)
14
ipNnXz{]m\n
]ptNh
112
\fpsS tI{w bphP\hmb\imebmWv. hmUns\ tmpI
fmbn Xncnv Hmtcm tmnepw Hmtcm ipNnXzkwLw. AXns
Aacv B {]tZis IpSpw_{iotbm, kzbwklmbkwLw
{]hItcm BWv. ChcmWv {]NmcWn\pw HmU tiJcn
pXn\psamw t\XrXzw \ev IpXv . sImm Sn bnse Hcp
tmns NpaXe P\in kzbwklmbkwLn\mWv.
22 t]cmWv P\ i n bn AwK . FmhcpsSbpw
hoSpIfn _tbm Kymkv mp I m]n m Xocpam\np.
_tbmKymkv mpI m]nm AwKv hmbv ] tbm
sSmw kwLw hI 1000 cq] k_vknUnbpw \Ipp. km
cnsbpw \Kck`bpsSbpw k_vknUnbvv ]pdtabmWnXv. Ah
cpsS Xs ]Ww ipNnXz ]cn]mSnv hn\ntbmKnm kwLw
Iqmbn Xocp am \n p I bm bn cp p. P\inv NpaXebp
tmn 72 hoSpIfmWpX.v AXn 70 hoSpIfnepw Fsnepw
Xcnep DdhnS amen\ykwkvIcW ktXw Ah Ddmn
gnp.
apn \Sv IpSpw_{io
IcfIhpw IdpIbnepw kq ipNnXz]Zhn ssIhcn
hmUpIfmWv. ChnsS {]h\v apnndnbXv IpSpw
_{iobmWv. 80 iXam\w hoSpIfpw IpSpw_{iobn AwKfmWv.
IpSpw_{io F Un Fkv ipNnXz]cn]mSn NsNbvXv bqWnpIfn
dn tmv sNbv Xp. AwKsfmhcpw Fs n epw Ddhn S
amen\ykwkvIcW ktXw m]nWw. KpWt`mrhnlnXw
X\Xv ^n\npw ]eniclnX hmbv ] bmbn \ev IpIbpw
sNbvXp. Hcp amkw em`np ]mNIhmXIns hne IpSpw
_{iobntebvp XncnSm aXn. Hcphjw sImp ISwhoSpw.
hmUpIfn {IaoIcn kokv Soanse AwK IpSpw_{io
{]hI IqSnbmWv . mpIfpsSbpw apw ]cn]me\n\pw
\ne `h\w ]XnbpsS {]NcWn\pw IpSpw_{io henb
]mWv hlnpXv . kq ipNnXz]Zhnbntev \op
B{iaw, Imfmv Fo hmUpIfnepw IpSpw_{iobpsS ap
InemWv {]h\ \opXv . IpSpw_{io irwJe D]
tbmKsSpnbmWv ImemImefn ipNnXzktiw hoSpIfn
senpXv .
Bthi]qw dknUvkv Atkmkntbj\pI
\ne `h\w ]Xnv XpSw IpdnXv InSmw]dv
hmUnemWtm. ChnsS _lp`qcn]hpw Db CScw
113
hoSpIfmWv . Ccw hmUpIfn IpSpw_{io kwhn[m\w
hcpXn\p appXs iamb dknUkv Atkmkntbj\pI
Dv. Chbvv hmUp Xen Hcp AIvkv kanXnbpw Dv.
dknUkv Atkmkntbj\pImWv AhcpsS ]cn[nbnep
hoSpIfnse ipNnXz ]cn]mSnbpsS NpaXe. Fm honepw
_tbmKymkv mtm ItmnMv bqWntm m]nWw.
eanmXpsImtm atm Xosc ]mh Gtdm_nIv
dn amen\yw CSpp Fv DdmpIbpw thWw. dknUkv
Atkmkntbj\pIfpsS Pm{KXtbmSp {]h\amWv InS
mw]dv hmUnse ipNnXz]cn]mSn aptmp sImpt]mIpXv.
sXcphpI ipNnbmbn kqnpXn\pw hen sdn bphsc
]nXncnnm\pw Fmw Atkmkntbj\pI apnepv .
ssIXh\, ]mekv, tUnbw hmUpIfn \Sp {]h\
pw dknUvkv Atkmkntbj\mWv t\XrXzw \evIpXv.
KpWt`mrhnlnXw kamlcnpI, Bhiyaphv hmbv ]
\ev IpI, khokv Soan\v KpWt`mrhnlnXw Ddp hcp pI
XpSnb NpaXeI \nlnpXpw dkn U v kv Atkm
kntbj\pIfmWv .
Hmtcm hmUnsbpw kz`mhhpw khntijXIfpw A\pkcnv
hyXykvX IqmbvaIfmWv \ne `h\w \ne \Kcw ]Xnv
t\XrXzw \ev IpXv . cmjv {Sob ]mnIfpsS kPohkmnyw
Fm hmUpIfnepapv. Fm cmjv{Sob]mnIfpw Htct]mse
C\nbpw Cu {]h\fn ]mfnIfmbnn.
\Kck`bmWtm ]Xn \Snn\v HutZymKnIambn
t\XrXz w \ev Ip Xv . \Kck`bn se { ][m\ { ]Xn ]w
tIm{Kkv ]mnbmWv. tIm{Kknse Hcp hn`mKw \ne `h\w
\ne \Kcw ]Xn {]h\tfmSv XpSw apX hnapJX
Imn. Fm ]e Iukneamcpw XfpsS hm Up Ifn
_tbmKymkv mpIfpw ss]v Itmpw apw m]nppv.
XfpsS cmjv{Sob ]mnbpsS ]n_eanmXn\m Ahv
th{X thKn aptdm Ignbpn. CXv Zu`mKyIcamb
Hcp nXnbmWv. tIcf hnIk\nse ]p shphnfnIfn
{][m\amWv amen\y amt\Pvsav. AhnsS Hcp ]pXphgn Xom
\Sp {iav Incmjv {Sob t`Zpdw cmjv {Sob
sFIyapmIWw. AXn\nbpw Gsd aptmp t]mtIXpv.
\Kck`bnse `cW]n\v t\XrXzw \evIp kn ]nsF
Fw ipNnXz]cn]mSnbn t\cnv CSs]Sppv. aqp hmUpI
kq ipNnXzw ]Zhn ssIhcnm ImcWw Ccnep
kwLSnX CSs]SemWv Fp ]dm AXn i tbmnb.
114
hyXykvX cmjv{Sob]mnbn s]h Cu amns A\nhm
cyX XncndnbpIbpw AXn ]mfnIfmIpIbpw sNpp. tIcfw
t\cnSp s]mXphmb shphnfnIsf t\cnSm Incmjv{Sobn
\XoXambn cmjv{Sob ]mnI tbmPnWsa C Fw Fkns
ImgvNmSv Ccw Imcyfn {]mtbmKnIamtXpv.
Bmhmbn k{]hI
P\ Io bm kq {XW {]m \ ns A\p ` h fm bn cpp
\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw ]Xnv BsI ]n]m\pmbn
cpXv Fp ]dphtm? A[nImc hntI{oIcWw mbnbm
p Xn\v thn \S kam \ X I fn m Hcp Iym bn
\mbncptm P\Iobmkq{XW]cn]mSn. P\Iobmkq{XWns
ASnm\ t\fn Hv kXbpsS ASnm\n AWn
\n c e W n\v {]h I cm bn cp p. {]N c W n\pw
]Xn cq]o I c W n\pw kmtXnI ]cn tim [ \ Ipw hsc
k{]hI AWn\nc A\p`hamWv P\Iobmkq{XW
{]m\n\pXv. k{]hI {ItaW hntI{oIrXm
kq{XW {]h\fn\npw ]ndtImpt]mbn. k kmt
XnItk\bpw IkanXnIfpw Fmw `cWLS\m_mlyamb CS
s]SepIfmsWsms hsc hnai\apmbn. Zu`mKyIcamb
Cu kao]\w Xti kzbw`cW m]\fnse P\]mfnw
t]cn\p am{XamIpXntebvmWv \bnXv.
Fmepw P\Iobmkq{XWw hfnsbSp k{]h
\ndm\p at\m`mhw A\pIqe k`fnsemw
apf\om ]mIn Pohmbn \ne\nevppv. \ne `h\w
\ne \Kcw ] Xn bpsS cq]o I c W nepw \S n nepw
k{]hIcpsS ]mfnw \nmbIambncpp. km
DtZym K cmbn ] Xn bn tebv v h hcn ]ecpw k {]
hIcmbn amdn. XfpsS hIpns DchmZnXzw am{Xa,
]cn]mSnbpsS Fm LSIfnepw Xfmemhp {]h\
kzw \nebn AhtcsSpp. hntI{oIrXamb Hcp amen\y
kwkvIcW ]cn]mSn DmnsbSptXv tIcfns s]mXp
Bh iy am sWp I dn Iptdt CXc Pn I fn\np w
Bepgbnsen {]h\v t\XrXzw \evIpp. Bep
gbnse [mcmfw imkv{X kmlnXy ]cnjv {]hIcpw apw
Cu ]XnbpsS ssZ\wZn\ {]h\fn ]mfnIfmWv. ]mp
]mSm\pw Nn{Xw hcbvm\pw mpI m]nm\pw mkpIsf
Spm\pw kmtXnI D]tZin\pw Fmw k{]hI
apn Xs bp v . kmt XnI ]m fn I fmb GPkn I fpsS
115
{]hIt]mepw \ne`h\w ]XnbpsS k{]hI
cmbn IqSnbmWv {]hnpXv.
kX krjvSnp Hcp ssNX\yapv, Poh\pv. AXmWv
Ccw Iymbv\pIfpsS Bmhv.
\Kck`m Poh\mcpsS amdp apJw
Bepg amn tlmepIpw apw ao shnsmSp
p Iptd kv{Xo sXmgnemfnIfpv. Ahcn ]ecpw amn\p
kao]w XsbmWv Xmakw. ao taSnp hnZzmam ao \m
ptmgpmIp amen\yw Cu sXmgnemfnIfpsS Xebn sIn
hbvpw. DbmIptmtgbvpw henb Afhn aothv Dm
Ipw. Inn sInbpw ap amen\ytmsSmhpw tNv Ch am
ns aqebn shncnp _npIfn CSpIbmWv ]Xnmp
Ifmbp ]Xnhv. \Kck` CXv ktmZb]pcpsImp t]mIpw.
CXmbncpp coXn. Ctm IY amdnbtm? amen\yw thXncnp
Innbmse Gtdm_nIv _npIfnepw apw kwkvIcnm Ignbq.
amen\yw XcwXncnv \Kck`bpsS s]nhnbn \nt]nm\mbn
116
Iukne Chv _pIfpw kwLSnnp \evIn. XfpsS
sXmgnens `mKambpmIp amen\yw tiJcnp DchmZn
Xzn\npw \Kck` ]namdpIbmtWm Fv Ahv kwi
bw. cq am bn mWv B sXmgn em fn I {]Xn I cn Xv . \K c k`
GsSpp Hcp Nnbpw X ]mennsmbn.
NI ]ehw \Sp. hfsc am]q hamb Hcp
kao]\amWv \Kck` ssIsmXv . \K c k ` bpsS hml\w
amn ]mv sNbvXv, cv InPv sXmgnemfnIfpw cp
slv Ckvs]IvSamcpw cmhnse AhnsS Uyqnv \nevm
XpSn. sXmgnemfnIfn\npw amen\yw Poh\m hmn Xcw
Xn cnv s]n I fn \nt ]n m\pw XpS n. Fmentm
aoshpIm Xs amen\yw thXncnp sImphcm XpSn.
henb tImemleapmmhp Hcp {]iv\w As\ cayambn
]cnlcnp.
Bepg amn IXv \Kck` Poh\mcpsS amdp
apJamWv. Bepgbnse Gtdm_nIv ItmnMv _npIsfmw
slv Ckvs]IvSamcpsS NpaXebnemWv. NmWIhpw Icn
bn ebpw kw` cn p Xpw Itm nMv _np I fpsS Nn bmb
{]h\w DdmpXpsamw Poh\mcmWv. \Kck` In
Pv Poh\m Gtdm_nIv _n dpIfpsS tat\mmcmbn
amdnbncnpp. hgntcnbnsebpw Fkv Un hn kvIqfn\v kao]
sbpw Betcnbnsebpsamw ItmnMv dpI kin
phtcmSv A`nam\]qamWv Poh\m XfpsS t\
hniZoIcnpXv. Cu kwhn[m\ Ah XfptSXmn XpS
nbncnpp. amen\y kwkvIcW kwhn[m\fnse kmtXnI
Db sXmgnemfnIfpsS PohnXnepw {]XnênpIbmWv. cm{Xn
Im e fn Pm{K X tbmsS tdmpNpp slv Ckv s]
IvSam Cv ]Xnhv ImgvNbmWv.
apn \bnv \Kck` klmb lkvXhpambn km
Gsd \nmbIamb Hcp DchmZnXzamWv Bepg \Kc
k` GsSpnpXv. hntI{oIrX amen\y kwkvIcWw IqSp
X DchmZnXzw Dmp coXnbmWv. Hmtcmn\pw ]pXnb
Nn I Dm Ww. ssZ\w Zn\ tamWn dnMv Bh iy amb ]co
Ww.
Hmtcm hoSpw Ibdnbndn DdhnS amen\y kwkvIcW kt
Xsf Ipdnpw BhiyIXsbpdnpsamw hniZoIcnpXv
IukneamcmWv. Hcp mv ]Wn apSnbm BZyw ]cmXn
sb p Xv Iukn e dpsS apn em Wv . ko knMv tI{
117
ntebvpt]mepw ]notS ]cmXnsbq. GsXmw hmUpIfn
\ne`h\w \ne \ Kcw ] Xn aptdnbnptm, AhnsS
sbmw \Kck`m IukneamcpsS Cmin ImWmw. _tbm
Kymkv mp I fp sSbpw Itm nn s bp sams imkv {Xw
]Tnm\pw Iptd Iukneam kabw Isn. imkv{Xhpw
kmtXnIhifpw ]Tnm ]memSv apqcnep sF B
n kn bn cp Lfnembn Bdp Znhkambncpp ]cnioe\w.
kokv SoapIsf amt\Pv sNpXpw tkh\ ZmXmfpambn D]
t`mmsf _sSppXpsamw IukneamcmWv. \K
ck`bpw Iukneamcpw Cu ]Xn apn\nv \bnpIbmWv.
Bepg \Kcnse cv Fw F Famcpw Cu ]Xnbn
kPoh]mfnIfmWv . A[nImchntI{oIcWns ]me
n Fw F FamcpsS DchmZnfn henb amw hn
pv. t\cs Fw F Fam ssIImcyw sNbvXncp hnIk\
]cn]mSnI ]eXpw Xtikzbw`cW m]\fpsS Dchm
ZnXzambn amdn. ]mbpIsfbpw \KckÌsfbpw hnIk\ Imcy
fn klmbnpI FXv XfpsS {][m\ ISabmbn Fw F
F am GsSpnpv . amen \y kw kv I cWw t]mse shp hnfn
Dbp taJ e I fn Xt i kz bw ` cW m] \ v
klmbw \evIpI {][m\amWv. Bepgbn Fw F Fam Cu
NpaXe XncndnmWv {]hnpXv.
\Kcamen\y amt\Pv sav kwm\ kmcn\v XethZ\
bmWv. hnfnimebpw emeqcpw sRfnb ]dpsamw km
cn\v ISp {]Xnkn Dmppv. Cs coXnIfn\npw
amdnsbmcp hgn thWsa tXm kwm\ kmcn\papv.
Fm kmcns Du hInS ]XnIfnemWv. Nmebnse
Ckn\td XpSnb ]cnlmcsfms ISphcpXv Cu \ne
]mSn \nmWv. AtXkabw Bepgbnse DdhnS amen\y kwkvI
cW {iav kwm\ km ]nXpW \evIppv. Ime
Xmakhpw \qemameIfpsamw ]Xnhpt]mse Xs Dv. Fnepw
Bepg \Kcn\mbn kan {]tXyI ]XnIv kwm\
km A\phmZw \evIn.
k{]hIcpw km DtZymKcpw P\{]Xn\n[n
Ifpw ssItImmWv \n e ` h\w ]XnbneqsS amen \y
kwkvIcW cwKs {]Xnknv ]cnlmcw tXSpXv.
118
cm bn cn ]Xn \mev BKkv Xv 5\v aqp hmUp I
kq ipNnXz hmUpIfmbn {]Jym]nptm \ne`h\w
\ne\Kcw ]Xn 22 amkw ]nnncpp. hntI{oIrX amen\y
kwkvIcW cwKv C{Xbpw XpSbmb Hcp Iymbv CXn\p
ap]v tIcfn \Snpmhn. ]WnsbSpv ]TnpIbmbn
cpp. Hmtcm Lnepw ]pXpepI, ]pXnb coXnI, ]p
kt X . Cu {]h\w Be p g bn Fp am fmWv
hcpnbXv? Fp t\fmWv DmnbXv?
Bepg \Kcns sXcphpIfnemWv amw Ghpw {]IS
am Ip Xv . AgppIq\ I fmbncp \K c nse ]e aq e Ifpw
Ctm hrnbmbncnpp. hensdnbp ioen h KWy
amb IpdhmWv CXn\v ASnm\w. amen\yw sXcphn hensdn
bpXv IpdnemsWv \KchmknIv tXmnpSnbncnp
p. hensdnbmsX Xs KmlnI amen\yw kwkvIcnmsav
Ah a\nemn XpSpIbmWv. GXm\pw hmUpIfn am{X
amWv DdhnSamen\y ]cn]mSn aptdnbnpXv. _mnbp e
fn ]Xn Bcw`nntbpq. Fm \Kcns a\n\msI
Hcp amw hncnpp Fp hyw. AXmWv sXcphpIfn {]Xn
^ en p Xv . Ipd Im es Cu t\ Hv Af s Sp
mtem.
2014 amv hsc 1164 _tbm Kymkv mp Ifpw 1234 ss]v
Itmv bqWnpIfpamWv \ne `h\w ]XnbpsS `mKambn
]gbImenIhn\npw
]pXnb \mSpWcv....
]gbXnI XonSmsmcp
]pXnb \mSpWcv..
]d sImn ]mSn DWcpI
XpbnepWpI \mw
]SsbmcppI \msfbmIpIn
Gsd sshIoSpw..
(]cnjXv Km\w)
15
a\nepw sXcphnepw
am
119
m]nXv. GXm\pw hmUpI tI{oIcnv \S {]h\
ns êamWnXv. 50 Gtdm_nIv ItmnMv _npIfpw m]n
p. 874 Fw t]m_n mpIfmWv. Ch Hmtcmpw {]Xn
Zn\w IpdXv aqp Intem{Kmw hoXw ssPhamen\yw kwkvIcn
pw. A\v mpIfpsS Fw 290 BWv. Ch {]XnZn\w 6 In
{Kmw hoXw ssPhamen\yw kwkvIcnpw. ss]v Itmv bqWn
ns tijn {]XnZn\w Hcp IntembmWv. Hcp Gtdm_nIv Itm
nMv _nn {]Xnhjw 6 S ssPhamen\yamWv kwkvIcn
m IgnbpI. Chsbmw IqSn tNm Ctm {]XnZn\w F{X
amen\yw kwkvIcnpsav t\mmw.
]nI 15.1
coXn Fw {]XnZn\amen\y
kwkv IcWw(S)
sF B n kn _tbmKymkv mv 874 2.62
A\v _tbmKymkv mv 290 1.74
Gtdm_nIv ItmnMv _n 50 0.825
ss]v ItmnMv bqWnv 234 1.24
BsI 6.42
CXmWv Ctmgs Nn{Xw. 6.42 S KmlnI amen\yw {]Xn
Zn\w C\amtbm hfamtbm kwkv IcnpIbmWv . \Kck`bn
emsI \Snemm {ianp ]XnbpsS Im`mKamWv \Sn
embnpXv. AXv ]qambpw \SnemIptmgp nXn Xmsg
]nIbn sImSpncnpp.
]nI 15.2
coXn Fw {]XnZn\ amen\y
kwkvIcWw (S)
1 m3 t]m_n
_tbmKykv mv 4200 12.6
A\v _tbmKymkv mv 500 3.0
ss]v Itmv 13033 13.00
Ftdm_nIv ItmnMv _n 200 3.3
BsI 31.9
\Kck`bvv cp ]XnIfnembn A\phZnncnp amen
\ykwkvIcW ktXfmWv ]nI 15.2 sImSpncnpXv.
120
4200 t]m_n mpIfpw 500 ^nIvkUv mpIfpw 13033 ss]v
Itmv bqWn p I pamWv AwKo Imcw e`n Xv . Gtdm _nIv
ItmnMv bqWnpI \Kck` t\cnv \SnempXmWv. Ch
]qnbmIptm {]XnZn\w 31.9 S ssPhamen\yw C\ambpw
hfambpw ammw. Bepg \Kcnse ssPhamen\yw apgph hntI
{oIrX kwhn[m\fneqsS kwkvIcnphm Ignbpw FXmWv
\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw ]Xn sXfnbnpXv.
Ctm m]nnp _tbmKymkv mpIfn\nv {]Xn
hjw 70895 In {Kmw F ]n Pnbvv Xpeyamb KymkmWv Dev]mZn
npXv . 56879 In {Kmw hndIn\pw 101512 en asbv pw
Xpeyamb DuamWv Cs\ Dev]mZnnsSpXv. CXns
k_v kn Un bn m hne 7089447 cq] hcpw. Itm nMv
bqWnpIfn 225.12 S ssPhhfhpw Dev]mZnnpp. CXns
aqeyw In {Kman\v 15 cq] \ncn 3876845 cq] hcpw.
\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw ]Xn {]mtbmKnIamb Hcp
hntI{oIrX amen\ykwkvIcW ]cn]mSnv cq]w \evInbncnp
p. Hmtcm {]tZitbpw khntijXIv A\pkcnv Cu kt
X sXcsSpv D]tbmKnm Bepg A\p`hw hgnIm
nbmIpw Fp {]Xonmw.
aqphmUpI BZyLn kq ipNnXz ]Zhn t\Sn.
cmwLn Ggp hmUpI, _mnbph XpSp amk
fnepw. 2015se th\mew Ahkm\npXn\v apv tXmSp
I hrnbmpIbmWv eyw. ASpInSp Adhpime
PeipoIcW kwhn[m\w GsSpn Xpdv {]hnnpw.
Inpgn tmv ]mbns mnIv kwkvIcWimebpw
{]hnpXpSpw. Cu th\mew ]dn Irjn Iymbns
XpSw IqSnbmbncnpw.
FmWv Cu ip`m]vXn hnizmkn\v ASnm\w? Cu hnP
bn\v ]nnse kq{XhmIyw efnXamWv. Hcp]w \ P\{]Xn
\n[nIfpw DtZymKcpw k {]hIcpw ChnsSbpv. Cu
tNcph FhnsSbptm AhnsSsbmw hnIk\ Iymbn\pI
hnP bn n m \m hpw. P\ Io bm kq {X W ns IqSn ]mT am Wn Xv .
]t P\Iobmkq{XW {]m\ns BZifn\nv \mw
hfsctbsd AIpt]mbnpv . Xfpw DtZymKcpw aXnsb
XmWv ]e P\ {] Xn \n [n I fp sSbpw [mc W. CXp icnbmb
kao]\a. bYm P\m[n]Xy A[nImc hntI{oIcWns
eyw tI{kwm\ kmcpIfpsS IpnXnpI krjvSn
pIb. CXp XnIpw \qX\amb {]Xy P\]mfntm
sSbp `cWkwhn[m\amWv.
121
tanse P\m[n]Xy {]{Inbbn _lpP\v t\cnv
CS s] Sm Ign bn . ta p I fnse P\m [n ] Xy n\npw
hyXykvXambn IogvpP\m[n]Xyn P\v t\cnv ]m
fnIfmIm Ignbpw. P\]mfnw Fm {Kmak`bn ]sSp
p Bqw am{X a. dkn Ukv Atkm kn tb j \p I,
Abq, KpWt`mrkanXnI, ipNnXz IuknepI
XpSnbhsbmw P\]mfn thZnIfmWv. AtXmsSmw Hcp
\nmb LSIamWv BZi{]tNmZnXcmbn aptmphcp k
{]hI. P\Iobmkq{XWns hnkvabIcamb Cu khn
tijX ]p\:m]nm Ignp FXmWv Bepg Iymbn
\ns {][m\t\w.
DtZymKcn h henbamspdnv Cu {Kn
kqNnnnpv. Hcp sNdphn`mKw Ctmgpw ]gbssienbn Xs
bmWv. Fm \smcp hn`mKw k{]hIsmw\nv
122
{]hnpp. In hyXymkanm ]mfnw Bepg \K
c n Dm bn p v . P\ {] Xn \n [n In S bn kpNnXamb
cmjv{Sob tNcnXncnhv CmXmm\mbnn. Hcp sNdphn`mKn\v
Fs\ Xhpw hnhmZhpapmmw F Xn emWv {i.
XfpsS cm{ob \ne]mSn Ddp\nevptms \mn
Fmhpw Bhiyap ssZ\wZn\hnIk\ {]h\fn
Hcp an pI. Cu BZi n A[n jv Tn X ab ]pXn sbmcp
kwkvImcw IqSntbXocq. eoKv ASap bp Un F^v `cWIn
I hfsc Xpd kao]\amWv ssIsmpXv. ]etIm{Kkv
Iukn eamcpw kPo h am bn s cwK p v . ]t
t\XrXzn Hcphn`mKw apJw Xncnp \nev pp. Hcp Imcyw
hyw. hn`mKobambn hnIk\Iymbn\pI sImpt]mIpI
{]bm k I cam Wv . Fm h scbpw tbmPn n m \p ]cn {i a
XpSt]q.
s]mXpcmjv{Sob {]iv\sf Bkv]Zamn P\sf AWn
\ncptm Xs Ah t\cn Sp ssZ\w Zn\ {]iv \ fn
s]mXptbmPnpmn ]cnlcnpXn\p CSs]SepIfntepw
cmjv{Sob {]h\w hym]ntXpv. ]memSv tN kn ]n
sF Fw s o\w Ccnsemcp I]Xn Xmdmnbn
cpp. kmz\]cnNcW taJebn CXns kzm[o\w tIcfn
A\p`hthZyambn XpSnbnpv. CtXamXrIbn ipNnXzIym
bn\nepw, XpSv ImjnI ]p\cpmcW {]h\nepw CS
s]SpXn\v kn ]n sF (Fw) Xocpam\nnpapv. Cu kao]\w
kwm\hym]Iamb ipNnXz Iymbn\v kao]`mhnbn cq]w
\evIpw Fv XobmWv. GXm\pw amkpn Bepg
bnse ipNnXzIymbn ]q hnPbnsenm Ignbpw
F Bhnizmkns Hcp {][m\ImcWhpw CXpXsbm
Wv. tIm{Kkv ASap Fm cmjv{Sob InIfpw CtX kao
]\w ssIsm p Ibpw Hcp anv {]hn p Ibpw sNbv Xm
\mSns Hcp]mSv {]iv\v ]cnlmcw Ism Ignbpw.
DNnXamb kmtXnIhnZytbmsSmw {][m\amb HmWv P\
fpsS at\m`mhn amw hcppI FXv. Cu cmas
Imcyn\v hfsctbsd Du \evIn FXmWv Bepgbnse
A\p`hfpsS aw. Hu]NmcnI km DchpI Bhiyw
Xs. ]s Ah a\pjyat\m`mhn amw hcpm ]cym
]vXa. tIhew kmtcm]tZitfmSmhs, P\v aSppamWv.
ChnsSbmWv kmIamb Hcp P\Iob{]m\ns {]k
n. Ccsamcp {]m\w ]pXnb BZisf Dev]mZnnpw.
]pXnb ssien Iv cq]w\ev Ipw, ]pXn sbmcp \nc k
{]hIsc krjvSnpw.
123
{]knUmbncnsh {]Xn`m ]mo 2010 Xncph\]pc
v DZvLmS\w sNbvXXmWv kq ipNnXz bw. Fm
P\Iobmkq{XW Imest]mse Hcp P\Iob {]m\ambn
ipNnXz ]cn]mSnsb amm\mbn. CXv kmyamsWmWv Be
pg sXfnbnpXv. P\Iobmkq{XWns cmw ]Xnn\v Ime
ambn.
124
amen\y Dev ]mZ\w ]cn[nbn \nm\p kmaqlnI \nb
{Whpw, A\nhmcyambn Dev]mZnnsSp amen\yw imkvXobambn
kwkv IcnpXn\p A\ptbmPykmtXnI hnZym {]tbmKhpw
ka\zbnnpsImt amen\y{]iv\w ]cnlcnm\mIq Fv \mw Ip.
amen\yns 7080 iXam\w hcpp ssPhamen\y ]camh[n
DdhnSnepw _mn kao]v hntI{oIrXambpw kwkvIcnp
XmWv DNnXsapw \mw Ip. ssPhamen\yw hfamtbm C\amtbm
amm\p kmtXnIhnZybmWv \apv tNXv Fpw \mw \nconp
Ignp. \ne `h\w \ne \Kcw ]Xnbn Cu kmtXnI
hnZyI {]tbmKnpXn\v hyXykvX m]\fpsS kmtXnI
]mfnw DdmpI {][m\ambncpp. Ccsamcp ]coWn\v
Cdn ]pdsSp tm Iymbn\ns Bmhnt\mSv ASpw
]pep kmt Xn I]mfn Ifpw \Sn v GPkn Ifpw
A\nhmcyamWv. tIhew hmWnPymSnm\n am{Xw {]hnp
GPknIfn\npw Iymbn eytmSv kq\oXn {]Xon
pI h. \ne`h\w \ne \Kcw ]Xnv e`n kmtXnI
]mfnI Cu P\Iob ]coWn\v XnIpw tbmPnhcmbncpp.
sF B n kn (Integrated Rural Technology Centre -IRTC)
tIcf imkv {XkmlnXy ]cnjns KthjWm]\amb
IRTC BWv Cu ]XnbpsS apJy kmtXnI]mfnI. IRTC
cq]Iev ]\ sNbv X t]m_n _tbmKymkv mpIfpw, ss]v
Itmv bqWnpamWv hym]Iambn m]np amen\ykwkvcW
kmtX. DdhnS amen\ykwkv IcW ktX, ]Xn
A\p_w Hv
kmtXnI]mfnIfpw
\nlWGPknIfpw
125
Bkq{XI, \Kcmk`m Iukneam, DtZymK, k{]
hI, kokv Sow Fnhsmap ]coioe\hpw IRTC bmWv
\ev IpXv . B[p\nI AdhpimebpsS kmtXn I ]nghv ]cnlcn
pXn\pw ktmZb]pcv IpanpIqSnb amen\yw Iymv sNbvXv
A]ISclnXampXn\pap ]Xnbvpw Ikkn khkv
\Inbpw IRTCbmWv . \ne `h\w \ne \Kcw ]XnbpsS
tamWndnn\p Bepg \Kc n IRTC bpsS Hcp Hmôkv
{]hnppv. Ikkn kokpIfpw ]cnioe\hpsamw
]qambpw kuP\yamWv.
tIcfns Cs {][m\hnIk\ shphnfnIfnsemmb
amen\ykwkvIcWw IRTCbpsS apKW\m KthjW taJeIfnsem
mWv. B cwKs KthjW A\p`hfpw êfpw ôUn
hym]Iambn {]tbmKnpXn\p k`w IqSnbmbn Bepg
\Kck`bpsS Cu apssI. _tbmKymkv mpIfpsS koknMv
IRTC bpsS taJem tI{amWv Ctm t\cnv \SpXv. Ime{I
taW CXn\v {]m]vXamb BfpIfpw, m]\fpw hfp htcXp
v. _tbmKymkv mpI m]npXn\p appw m]nXn\p
tijhpw D]t`mmv ]coioe\w (User Education) \IpXpw
IRTC bpsS t\XrXznemWv. Cu ]coW ]Xnbn \Kck`m
IukneamcpsS klmbnIfpw ]mfnIfpambnmWv IRTC {]hn
pXv. tIhew ]Xn \SnpImcmbn.
_tbmKymkv mv
t]m_n _tbmKymkv mpIfpw ss]v ItmpamWv IRTC
m]np kwhn[m\. 1 Iyp_nv ao, 0.5 Iyp_nIv ao tijn
bp t]m_n _tbmKymkv mpIfmWv IRTCbptSXv. ss^_
doCt^mgvkvUv mnIv (FRP) D]tbmKnmWv mpIfpsS \nm
Ww. mn\v tISp]mSpI kw`hnm AIp]WnI \Sm
Ignbp saocnbemWv D]tbmKnpXv FXn\m ZoLImew
mnIv D]tbmKnm\mhpw. mnep hmPmv Zl\ Adbnep
amen\y ]pdp hcpXv XSbpp. 1 Iyq_nv ao tijnbp
t]m_n mns Zl\AdbpsS hym]vXn 0.6 Iyp.ao Dw hmXIAd
0.4 Iyp.ao Dw BWv. 5 apX 7.5 In.{Kmw hsc ssPhAhinjvShpw 7.5
en hsc shhpw {]XnZn\w Cu mn \nt]nmw. Ghpw
A\ptbmPyamb kmlN cyfn 8090 an\nv IpXn\p
hmXIamWv Cu mn \npw e`npI
t]m_n _tbmKymkv mns kmtXnI AfhpI
]nIbn \evInbncnpp.
ss]v Itmv
hmbp kmn yn ep Itmn Mv coXn bmWv ss]v
ItmnMv. Hcp ao \ofhpw 8 Cv hymkhpap cv ss]pIfmWv
Hcp ss]v Itmv bqWnv. ss]pIfpsS apIfv 25 sknao
126
Xmsg hsc GXm\p w Zz mc CSWw. hmbp B\mbmkw
ISpXn\pw ItmnMv ê{]ZamIpXn\pw thnbmWv Cu
Zzmc CSpXv.
45 AwKfp Hcp honse ASpfamen\yw Itmmn
ampXn\p sNehp IpdXpw efnXhpamb Hcp ItmnMv
coXnbmWnXv. 8 Cv hymkhpw 1 ao \ofhpap 2 ss]pIfmWv
ss]v Itmv bqWnv. Hcp ss]n 3035 Znhks amen\yw
\nt]nmw. Hcp ss]v \ndp Ignbptm ASp ss]v
D]tbmKnpp. 3035 ZnhksaSpv amen\yw Itmmbn amdpw.
ss]ns apI`mKv Zzmc CSpp. hmbp IS Ffpn
emn Pon thKnemm\pw Cuns Afhv Ipdbv
pXn\pw ZpKw Hgnhmm\pw CXv klmbnpp. ss]pI
an 25 sk.ao. IpgnnSpIbmWv sNpXv. Chbvv aqSn Dmhpw.
30 sk.ao. Nctem satem \ndbvpw. Du BKncWw sNpXn\v
thnbmWnXv. shsv {]tZifn Dbn thWw ss]pI
m]n m. A[n ICuw \X. AXoh efn Xamb Hcp
ItmnwKv coXnbmWnXv.
amXrI
\nt]nmhp
ssPhamen\yw
Zl\
Ad
hmXI
Ad
hmXIns
e`yX
1000 en (1M3)
t]m_n
600
en
400
en
57.5 In.{Kmw
8090 an.
500 en (0.5 m3)
t]m_n
300
en
200
en
12.5 In.{Kmw
4045 an.
A\v (ANERT- Agency for Non conventional Energy and
Rural Technolagy)
]mctcyXc DucwKs kwm\kmcns t\mU
GPknbmb A\v, Hcp _Z Dut{kmXv F \nebn
_tbmKymkv mpI {]Ncnnppv. \ne`h\w \ne \Kcw
]Xn XpSpXv A\ns Hcp \Sv ]Xnbn s]Spn
_tbmKymkv mpI m]npsImmWv. tIm{Iov dnpI
`qanbn Ipgnnv AXn\p apIfn ^vtfmnwKv tUmw (hmXI Ad)
shmWv Cu tamU m]npXv. amen\y \nt]npXn
\p tN Cjv SnIbpw apw D]tbmKnv \nnv mns
Zl\Adbpambn ]n hn kn ss]v sImv _nnpIbmWv
sNpXv. t]m_n _tbmKymkv mpItfm sNehv Aev]w
IqSpw. tijnbpw IqSpXemWv. m]npXn\v Bhiyamb eamWv
Hcp ]cnanXn. Fm NmboSnIIfnepw apw CXv A\ptbmPyamb
127
amXrIbmWv.
Hcp km GPknbpsS km[mcW Aek`mhw hnv
Iymbns Bmhns\mw Cu GPknbpw amdpIbmbncpp.
A\v Pnm Hmôknse FPn\obam k{]hIcmbn amdn.
\ne `h\w \ne \Kcw ]XnbpsS `mKambn A\v
Bepgbn m]np tamUens kmtXnI AfhpI Xmsg
]nIbn \evInbnpv. {]XnZn\w 710 In.{Kmw amen\yhpw 710 en
shhpw \nt]nmhp tamUemWnXv. CXn \npw {]XnZn\w
2.303 aWnq InpXn\mhiyamb ssPhhmXIw e`npw.
Nm\mSv tImf\nbn Iqkv amen\yn \npw ssPh
hmXIw Dev]mZnnpXn\p mns Ikknbpw A\v
BWv \evInbXv.
_tbmKymkv
NXpp\nefn \nv DmIp hmXIw F \nebvv CXns\
amjnKymkv Fpw NmWIn \nv _lnKanpXv sImv
CXns\ tKm_Kymkv Fpw hnfnncpp. ssPh hkv Xp
hmbpkanmsX Pekmnyn ZlnpmIp hmXIw
F \nebv mWv CXns\ ssPhhmXIw Fp hnfnpXv .
ssPhhmXIw {]IrXnhmXIa. s]t{Smfnbn \nv cq]sSp
hmXIamWv {]IrXnhmXIw (\mpd Kymkv). ipoIcn {]IrXn
hmXIn 98 iXam\w hsc aotY DmIpw. ssPhhmXIneXv
70 iXam\ta hcq. hmbp kmny anm Ahbn 3 Xcw
_mIvSocnbI ssPhhkvXpsf {Iaambn Zlnnv \nnp
hmXIamWnXv. _mIvSocnbIfpsS {]h\w aqemaWv ssPhhmXIw
DmIpXv FXn\m F{Xam{Xw _mIvSocnbI Cu {]{Inbbn
]sSppp FXns\ B{ibnv hmXIns Afhv hyXymk
sSpw. \nt]np hkv XpfpsS cmkLS\, ]Zmns
henw, Afhv, _mIvSocnbIv s]ps]cpIphm\p kmlNcyw,
HmIv knPs A`mhw, Dujv amhv Fns\ Htsd LSIsf
B{ibnv ssPhhmXIns tNcphbpw Afhpw hyXymksSpw.
Hcp Iyp_nIv ao _tbmKymkns C\aX 0.62 en
as, 3.5 In.{Kmw hndIv, 0.43 In.{Kmw F ]n Pn, 1.5 Intemhmv
sshZypXn Fnhbvv XpeyamWv.
amXrI
\nt]nmhp
ssPhamen\yw
Zl\
Ad
hmXI
Ad
hmXIns
e`yX
KVIC Fixed
Model
1.620
Fw3
0.550
Fw 3
8 10 In.{Kmw
2.30 3
aWnq.
128
ssPhhmXI tNcp hbn se C\LSIw aotY F
hmXIamWv . CXv GXmv 40 apX 70 iXam\tmfw hcpw.
Im_ssU HmIv sskUpw CtXmsSmw DmIpw. km[mcW
KXnbn Ghpw IpdXv 20 iXam\w hcpanXv. sNdnb Afhn
AtamWnb, ssl{UP kssÛv XpSn aWap hmXIfpw
IqSntcpw. Ipdp \ocmhnbpw DmIpw. ayamwkmZnI CSptmgmWv
aWap hmXIns kmnyw ssPhhmXIn hnpXv.
BbXn\m Acw k`fn ssPhhmXIn\v {]tXyI aWw
DmIpp. Cu aWw Htsd sXnmcWI Dmppv .
hmXItcphbn ayw, amwkw, aew, NmWIw FnhbpsS t\cnp
kmnyamWv ssPhhmXIns aWn\v ImcWsav sXncnp
h [mcmfapv . k^, ss\{SP Fnh ASnb Nne
cmknIfmWh. AhbpsS Afhn\m\p]mXnIambncnpw ssPhhmXI
ns Khpw. AXpt]mseXs hmXIn Hcp ImcWhimepw
_mIv Socnbtbm, av kqv amWptfm DmIpIbpan. Zl\w
IrXyambm 6070% aotY Ddmmw. aotY\ns Afhv IpdbpIbpw
av LSI hnpIbpw sNpXv A`nImaya. C\aX
Ipdbm\pw Xo\mf sNdpXmbn hcm\pw NqSv Ipdbm\pw Hcp]s
Xosc ImXncnm\pw Hs CXv hgnhbv pw. _W \mbn
IpXv mnse ssPh {]h\w icnbmb coXnbn \Spp
FXns sXfnhmWv.
Hcp Intem NmWIn \nv GItZiw 0.04 m3 Kymkv
e`nptm Hcp Intem ASpf AhinjvSn \npw GItZiw
0.09 m3 Kymkv e`npw. Hcp Intem a\pjy hnkPyn \npw
GItZiw 0.07 m3Kymkv Dev]mZnnphm Ignbpw. Hcp Iyp_nIv ao
Kymkv e`nm NmWIamsWn 2025 Intembpw, ASpf
Ahinjv Sw 710 Intembpw, a\pjy hnkPyamWv D]tbmKnp
sXn 1015 Intembpw BhiyamWv. _tbmKymkv mns Imknn
L\aodnemWv kqNnnpXv.
Hcp Iyp_nIv ao _tbmKymkv 0.43 Intem F ]n Pn v
XpeyamWv Fp kqNnnphtm. Hcp Iyp_nIv ao Imknnbp
mn \nv Hcp hjw GItZiw 7 KmlnI ]mNI hmXI
knendn\v Xpeyamb ]mNI hmXIw e`npw.
_tbmKymkv Dev]mZ\s \nch[n LSI kzm[o\nppv.
mn \nt]np ssPh hkvXpfnse Im_ ss\{SP
A\p]mXw Kymkv Dev]mZ\s kzm[o\nppv. Cu A\p]mXw
20\pw 30\pw CSbnembncnpXmWv Ghpw A\ptbmPyw. BknUv
Ben A\p]mXw 6.87.2 BIp XmWpaw. \nt]np
ssPh hkv Xpfnse BknUnsbpw BenbpsSbpw Afhv
IqSpXv mns {]h\s _m[npw.
hmXI Dev]mZ\n\v mn\pnse Dujvamhv 35 Un{Knbmbncn
Ww.. AXn\m kqcy{]Imiw \mbn e`np emWv mv
m]ntXv.
129
mns Imknnv A\pkrXamb Afhnte ssPhamen\y
\nt]nmhq. \nt] Afhv IqSpXpw, IpdbpXpw mns
{]h\s _m[npw. Hcp Intem ssPh hkvXphnt\msSmw Hcp
en shw F A\p]mXn IenbmWv mn HgntXv.
amen\yns henw sNdpXmWw. _mIv SocnbIfpsS
{]h\w Imcyaambn \SpXn\v CXv BhiyamWv. ssPh
]mgv hkv XpfpsS Xca\pkcn v amen \yfpsS Zl\kabw
(dnsj kabw) hyXymksncnpw. NmWIn\v CXv GItZiw
45 ZnhkamsWn ASpf AhinjvSv 35 Znhkhpw, a\pjy
hnkPyn\v 55 ZnhkhpamWv. NqSv IqSptm dnj kabw
Ipdbpw.
IoS\min\n, ^nt\mbn, sUtm, acppI, tkmpshw,
av , XSnjWw, mnv , ]mgv ISemkv , teml, IpnI,
ImSnnpI, aptmSv, Nnc, hmgbne, Hmdv, \mc, Am
Fnh mn \nt]nm ]mSn. hoSpIfn e`np
`WAhinjvSw, [m\y IgpIp shw, ayamwkmZnI
IgpIp shw, ]dnbpsS Ahinjv Sw, ]gsmen, ]gInb
Blmcw,NmWIw, d_ jons shw, ap ssPhamen\y
Fnhsbms mnenSmw.
\mcpIf[nIap kky`mKfn ssPhhnLS\ {]h\w
hfsc ]Xps am{Xta \SpIbpp. Ccw CeIfpw apw mn
\nt]npXv mns tijn Ipdbvpw. hmXIw D]tbmKnmsX
sIn\npXv _mIv SocnbIfpsS {]h\w \nept]mIm
ImcWamIpp.
_tbmKymkn ASnbncnp Pe_mjv ]w Kymkv ss]v
sse\n XSw Dmphm kmyXbpv . CXv HgnhmWw.
ASpfbvv kao]w GItZiw ]paodn\pn mv m]np
XmWv \Xv. mn \nv ]pdtphcp dn \ ssPhhfamWv.
shn\dn kIemime, ImjnI kIemime
\KcnsemSpap Ftdm_nIv ItmnMv bqWnpIfpsS
kmtXn I]mfn I shn \dn kIemimebmWv . hmbp
kmnyn kqvaPohnIfpsS klmbtmsSXs amen\ys
hnLSnnv Itmmp kmtXnIhnZybmWv kIemime
hnIknnXv.
hoSpIfn amen\y kwkv IcW kwhn[m\ m]nm
IgnbmhcpsSbpw apw amen\yhpw imkv {Xob kwkv IcWn\v
hnt[bamWw. A[nIw Zqctbv v ISnsmpt]mIpI
kmyhpa. kao]v Itmmn amm\p hntI{oIrXamb
kwhn[m\w thnbncpp. hmkv Xhn Xpqhgn amXrI
\ne`h\w \ne\Kcw ]Xnbntev hptNcpIbmbncpp.
AXns IY hniZoIcnpIgnp.
ktmZb]pctp amen\y\ow \netXmsS \Kcnse
130
mSpambn 200 Ftdm_nIv ItmnMv bqWnpI m]nm\mWv
\Kck` eyanSpXv. AtXmsS Bepg \Kcnse ssPhamen\yw
]qambpw Itmnn\v hnt[bamm\mhpw.
NmWIn\p ]Icw D]tbmKnmhp Ct\mpew tIcf
ImjnIkIemimebmWv hnIknnXv. NmWIn \np Xs
thXncnv FSp kqv amWpsf I sNbv XmWv CXv
XmdmnbncnpXv. ImjnI kIemime ssat{Im _tbmfPn
hn`mKw, tUm.KncnPm tZhInbpsS t\XrXzn hnIknns
SpXmWnXv . Cu an{inXw kIemime ]IpXn hnebv mWv
Bepgbvv \evIpXv.
Ftdm_nv ItmnwKv bqWnv (Xpq apgn amXrI)
tIcfnse Imemhbv pw kmlNcypw A\ptbm
Pyamb Fbvtdm_nIv ItmnMv coXnbmWp Xpqapgn tamU. 4
ASn hoXw \ofhpw hoXnbpw Dbchpap s^tdm knav sImv
\nn SmmWv Hcp Fbvtdm_nIv ItmnwKv bqWnn\p thXv.
s^tdmkv m_v D]tbmKnpw Cjv SnI D]tbmKnpw SmpI
\nnmw. hmbp ISm CSw \ev IWw. agshw AIp
IbdmXncnm \smcp taqcbpw AXymhiyamWv. Smns ASn
`mKw atm s^tdmkna v mt_m aXn. Aco Xm]hpw
B{ ZXbp w Imn s KXn thKhp w IWn seSp mWv CXv
cq]sSpnbncnpXv.hifnse hnShneqsS \Sphn hsc Imv
ISphm\pw HmIv knP e`yamIphm\pw BWv Cu cq]Iev ]\.
XSnsbm akq agbn ZoLImew \ne\nev phm\mWv
s^tdm knav D]tbmKnpXv.
Smns Ghpw ASnbn kqv amWpfpsS Dev ]mZ\n\v
]pXnb NmWItam _tbmKymkv kvfdntbm _mIvSocnb INtdm
D]tbmKnmw. NmWIns A`mhn D]tbmKn mhp
kqv amWpsf tIcfm ImjnI kIemime A{KnI
ssat{Im_tbmfPn hn`mKw hnIknnsSpnpapv. CXn\papIfn
6 Cv I\n Icnbne, sshtm, DWpv, DWnb Hme,
NIncn, Iodnb ISemkv FnhbnSWw. AWpPohnIv Duw
\ev IpXn\mWnXv . CXn\p apIfn ssPhamen\y 6 Cv
I\n \nt]nmw. sXmqdv ZnhkIw amen\y
ssPhhfambn amdpw. 75 Un{Kn hscsbp mnse Xm]\ne
{]mWnI. ]cmZ, av tcmKIoS FnhbpsS kmnyhpw
XSbpp.
131
sFBSnknbpsS 1 m
3
t]m_n _tbmKymkv mv
132
As\ns 1 m
3
^nIvkUv t]m_n _tbmKymkv mv
133
Xpqapgn tamU Fbtdm_nIv ItmnwKv _n
134
kwm\v Cp \nehnep km kwhn[m\
Bepgbnset]mse Hcp Imbn ASnm\n hntI{oIrX
amen\ykwkvIcWw \SnempXn\v A\ptbmPya. km Imcyw
apdt]msebmWv \SpI. Hcp _lpP\ Imbns kv ]ncntm
XnSptam bpntbm Ahv A\yamWv. \nbahyhIfntmepw
DNn Xamb am C\n bp w A\n hmcyamWv . Bep gbp sS
A\p`hfpsS ASnm\n ]mbv ap\nkn \nbat`ZK
XnI kw_np \nbak` bn \Snb cp {]kwK
A\p_ambn tNpp.
tIcf ap\nkn _nns HmUn\kv \ncmIcnpsImp
\Snb {]kwKw
tUm. Sn Fw tXmakv sFkIv: Sir, I move that- This House
resolves to disapprove The Kerala Municipality (Amendment) Ordinance,
2012 (Ordinance No. 43 of 2012).
k, 1994 ]mkmnb ap\nkn \nban\p t`ZKXn
bmWv \fntm NbvsSppXv. amen\ykwkvIcWn\p
\S]SnI hfsc hniZambn \nbans `mKamn ampIbmWv.
bYmn Cu _nnse hIppIfpw 1994 se aqe\nbanse
hIppIfpw XmcXaysSpnbm Cu Imebfhn\pn \psS
kwm\v amen\y {]Xnkn F{Xb[nIw cqambnopshpw
amen\ykwkvIcWnt\mSp kao]\n Fsmw am hp
Fpw a\nemmw.
1994se \nban amen\ykwkvIcWwtiJcnepw AsXmgn
A\p_w cv
cv \nbak`m {]kwK
135
hmepsamw ap\nknmennbpsS DchmZnXzamWv. AtXkabw DS
acpsSbpw XmakmcpsSbpw Ihyspdnv aqe\nban
Hpw ]dbpn. DXp hfsc s]mXphmbnp {]kvXmh\ am{Xam
Wv . Nh tiJcnv \nbns m\v \nt]nWw.
A{XXs. AXn\v Apdtbvv Hpw t]mIpn. Rm hIpp
I hmbnpn. 1994 se \nbaw A\pkcnv ap\nknmennbpsS
NpaXebmWv amen\y \ow sNpI FpXv. As\sbmcp
kao]\amWv \ ssIsmncpXv.
_lpam\s a{n ]dXpt]mse t{kmXn Xs amen
\yw thXncnpI Fp Hcp ]cmaiwt]mepw 1994 se \nbanen.
\nban \Kcamen\y IfbpXn\p hyhI kw_n
hIpv FSpp t\mnbm Itm nMv , em v ^nnMv , UnMv
Fns\ aqp coXnIsfpdnp am{XamWv ]cmaiw. ap
kwkvIcW coXnIsfpdnp \ Nnnnpt]mepan. mnns\
pdnv ]cmaitabn. ]ngsbv ]dbpXv 50cq]bvpw 250 cq]bvpw
CSbvmWv. 1990 s Bcw`nt]mepw C{Xbpw cqambn amen
\y{]Xnkn \psS kwm\v Dmbncpn.
Cv \psS \Kc{]tZi AXmbXv, tImtdj\pw ap\nkn
mennIfpw skkkv SuWpIfpw tIcfnse samw `qhnkvXr
XnbpsS 16 iXam\ta hcnIbpffq. Fm 50 iXam\w P\ Pohn
pXpw 80 iXam\w kmnI hcpam\hpw Dev]mZnnsSpXpw
ChnsSbmWv. kzm`mhnIambpw \Kcfn amen\y hfscb[nIw
DmIpp. Fpam{Xa, P\fpsS PohnXssien amdn. IqSpX
]mv sNbv X km[\ , ]mNIw sNbv X `Ww XpS n bh
hmpXpaqew mnv amen\yfpw hnp. Cv hensbmcp kmaq
lycmjv{Sob {]iv\ambn amen\y{]Xnkn amdngnncnpIbmWv.
Cu ]mXen kaqeamb amw \psS kao]\n AXym
t]nXambncnpIbmWv.
AXn\v Cu t`ZKXn t]mcm. ChnsS AhXcnnncnp t`ZKXn,
amen\y{]Xnkn ]cnlcnpXn\v A]cym]v XamWv . ]dnp Imcy
]eXpw t]mscpXmWv RfpsS A`n{]mbw. AXpsImmWv
Cu HmUn\kv \ncmIcnWsap \ne]mSv kzoIcnpXv.
Rm Hmtcmmbn FSppIbmWv. \nbat`ZKXnbnse Ghpw
hensbmcp t]mcmbvasbmWv? aqe\nban Ft]mse Xs
ChnsSbpw hoSpIsf \nba]cn[nbn\nv Hgnhmnbncnpp. I
hS m]\, IeymWaWvU], ^mIvSdnI, NI, ^vfmp
I Chsbmapv. ]t, aqp \netbm IqSpXep hoSpIsf
am{XamWv ]cnKWnpXv. aqv \netbm IqSpXep hoSv Fp
]dm Ahbv v en^v v thnhcpw. tIcfnse hoSpIfn AciX
am\wt]mepw aqp\netbm IqSpXepmIpsav F\nv tXmp
n. Fm kmcns IW\pkcnv tIcfn hoSpIfnse
amen\yw 49 iXam\amWv. tlmepI, IeymWa] Fnh
bpsS amen\yw 17 iXam\amWv. NIfntebpw ISIfntebpw amen
136
\yw 16 iXam\hpw sXcphv amen\yw 9 iXam\hpw \nmW Ahin
jvS 6 iXam\hpw Bip]{XnIfntebpw IimpimeIfntebpw
amen\yw 3 iXam\hpamWv. As\ t\mptm ]IpXn amen\yw
Cv krjvSnsSpXv hoSpIfnemWv. \mn]pdmsWn AXp
{]iv\a. ]pcbnSn hensdnm AXv AhnsS InSv hfambn
amdpw. ]t \Kcn Cs\ amen\yw hensdnbp kz`mhw
XpStmgmWv {]iv\ DmbXv. Nt]mep tI{fnse
{]iv\ am{Xa, AXv thWsan \apv tiJcnms\nepw ]p
w. hntI{oIrXambn Hmtcm honepw krjvSnsSp amen\ys
ssIImcyw sNpI FpffXmWv Cs henb shphnfn. Cu
\nbat`ZKXnbnemsWn Acnep ImgvNmSn.
2012 \hw_ 22 mw XobXn Hcp s]mXpXmev]cy lPnbn Im
SI ssltmSXn _mwq ap\nkn tImtdj\v FXncmbn hfsc
{itbamsbmcp hn[n ]pdsSphnp. AXn tImSXn hn[nncnpXv
hoSv ASw Fm m]\fnepw AhnsShv Xs amen\y
sk{KtKv sNbvXv thXncnWw. CXv \SmpXn\p kab_n
Xamb ssSwtS_nfpw \evIn. ImSI t]mep kwm\pt]mepw
hoSpIfn sk{KtKv sNWsap Hcp \nbahyh thWsav
\nnptm \psS kwm\v CXv hnpIfXv Hpw DNn
Xambnp Imcya. Cu kao]\w Xncph\]pcw ASw t\cnSp
{]Xnknsb adnISpXn\v klmbnn.
tIcfnse amen\ykwkv IcW {]XnknbpsS aqeImcWw
DdhnSn thXncn CmXmWv. tIcfnse amen\y mp
Ifnsemw kzoIcnncnpXv hnt{Um ItmnMv BWv. sImSp
qcnse dn Dmp mv Hgnv _mn Fm mpIfnepw
hnt{Um ItmnMv BWv. Fs\bmWv hnt{Um Itmv sNp
Xv?
Fm ssPh/AssPh amen\yfpw HcpanpsImphv hnt{Um
AYhm {]tXyI BIrXnbn IqnbnSpp. hnt{Um sNbvXm Iqn
bn amen\yw kzw NqSpw kqvaPohnIfpw sImpXs Itmv
sNbvtXmfpw. thnhm kôt\mIvkpw XfnpsImSpm aXn
bmIpw. At{Xbpq Cu henb kmtXnI hnZy. AXn\ptijw B
Itmv FSpv Hcp kzn^vdnenv Acnpp. Atm hfsamw
Xmtgv hogpw. mnpw XSnjWhpw saepsamw kzn^vdn
InSpw. AXv \apv amnsbSpmw.
cp {]iv \fp v , Hv mnIv Xcn I fmbn Itmn
s]mSnpInSpw. Hcp mtUUv hnev]\mc\pw Ccw hfw
hmpIbn. Bepgbnse amen\ykwkvIcW mv FACT bpambn
Icm Dmn. Ah hv ]cntim[ntm mnns Awiw
IqSpXembXn\m D]tbmKnm ]n Fp ]dp. ItmnMv
thfbn s]mSnmepw mnIv As\Xs InSpItbbpq.
cmatXv, XSnjWhpw saepw kzohdnse b{fn IpSpn
Znhkn Hcp {]mhiysanepw Ah tISmIpw. AXv dnb sNbvXn
137
sn mv {]hnn. ]etmgpw CXmWv kw`hnpI. AXp
sImv amen\y{]Xnkn ]cnlcnpXns Ghpw ASnm\]c
amb CSs]S thXv DdhnSnemWv. IhSm]\fn am{Xa
, hoSpIfnepw amen\yw thXncnWw. CXp \nbat`ZKXnbnen.
CsXmcp henb t]mcmbvabmWv. k_vPIvSv Inn Xensenepw
]cntim[nv XncptXmWv.
kwkvIcWw kw_nv \nbat`ZKXnbn kzoIcnnpsmcp
kao]\a tIcf kmcntXpw _lpam\s a{nbptSXpw. GXv
coXn bn ep kwkv I cWamWv thXv ? Cs {]Xn kn
Ip]Iv \ IqSpX tI{oIrXamb Hcp kwkvIcW coXn Ah
ew_npsImncnpIbmWv. AXpicnb. tIcf kmcns \bw
FmWv ? t\cs aqv tI{oIrX mp I fmWv m]nm
Xocpam\nXv. Ctm {][m\s tI{fn Bdp ]pXnb mp
IfmWv DtinpXv. tIcfnep apgph amen\yhpw ssPhamen
\yhpw ]mv sNbvXv AhnsS sImpt]mbn Kymknss^ sNbvXv sshZ
ypXn Dmm\p Xocpam\amWv FSpncnpXv. \psS CXph
scbp A\p`hw FmWv? CXphscbp A\p`hw tI{oIrXamb
kwkvIcWw ]cmPbsXmWv. ]cmPbssv am{Xa, B ]cmPb
w aqew DuXnhons ]e {]iv \fpsSbpw ]men
P\sfmw amen\ykwkvIcW mpI `bc Bwt_mw_v t]mep
km[\ambnmWv ImWpXv. FhnsS Cu tI{oIrX mv m]n
m ]pw? AXn\v Bcv kXnpw?
Nmebn Hcp tI{ o IrX mn \v 65 tImSn cq ]bv v
AtacnbpsS temdm I\nbpambn Icm hp. AbpsS Iym_n\
nep {io. hn Fkv inhIpam Xs CXv ]nsv ]dp. Rm
CXv ]{Xn hmbnXmWv.
Nmebn amen\yw aet]mse IqSn AhnsSbp BfpI Akz
cmbncnpIbmWv. ItmnMv mv tI{oIrXambn m]np
Xn\p Xs P\ FXn cm Wv . em v ^nnnt\bpw P\
FXnp. amen\yw tkmgvkns kwkvIcnpIbpw _mn hcp
Xv am{Xta mntebvv sImphcnIbpq Fpap t_myw
P\nsn Hcp {]tZisbpw P\ mv m]nm
kXnn. CXmWv tIcfnse kmaqlnI bmYmyw.
Fm tkmgvkn kwkvIcnpXn\p kao]\n\p]Icw
tI{oIrX mntebvv amen\yw sImphcpXn\p thnbmWv a{n
hmZnpXv. P\fpsS FXnpaqew Cu \bw \Smm henb
{]bmkamWv. ImSI ssltmSXnbnse hn[n hmbntm Rm
ApXspt]mbn. sSddn Bbn emv ^nnpw apw ctm aqtm
amk tbv v tImSXn A\phZnp. AXn\pn Ahn Ss 28
Akwn tImnphknbn Hmtcmnepw cv amkn\pn
thv {Sovsav mv m]nWw. 4 amkn\pn _mwq tIm
tdj\nse 198 hmUpIfnepw mv m]nWw. Hcp hjn\p
n Hcp hmUn 4 tI{sfnepapmIWw. CXns\bmWv hntI
138
{oIrX kwkv IcWw Fp]dbpXv . Ccnsemcp kao]\w
\psS \nbaneptm?
Fm \psS kmcns kao]\w CXn\v ISIhncpamb
Xp sImv hntI{oIrX kao ]\w {]mtbmKnIambn Dt] n
ncnpIbmWv. tI{oIrX mpI 6 Fw m]nm\mbn I
\nIfpambn Fw H bp hm an\naw F{X Izmnn amen\yw sImSp
tnhcpw.
_nn hyh sNbvXnpXpt]mse hntI{oIrX amen\y
kwkvIcWw \Smm Xocpam\n \nfpsS Dtiy ipnsb tNmZyw
sNp n . As\ \S m n bm tI{o IrX mpIv
ssPhamen\yw sImSpm Ignbptam? Cu \nban ]dbpXv \S
mm \nfpsS a\n Dtiyan.
{io. hn Un kXoi: k, tI{oIrX kwkvIcWamsWn
IqSpX amen\yw BhiyambnhcpsamWv Av ]dphcpXv.
tI{oIrX kwhn[m\w hcpXn\v [mcmfw kabsaSppw. AXn\pap
mbn hntI{oIrX kwhn[m\w XsbmWv t{]mmlnnstS
Xv F Imcyn bmsXmcp kwibhpan. ]t \nban AXv
tNm Ignbn. \nehnep kwhn[m\n thns Izmnn
emv sUnt\j\n Ghpw Ipdv sImphcnIsbpXmWv {][m
\s amw. AXn\pthn amen\yw DdhnSns kwkvIcn
pIbpw DdhnSn\pw ss^\ sUnt\j\panSbvv Hcp ew
IqSn kwkvIcnm\mbn IspIbpw thWw. ]t AXn\v hop
Imscb NpaXesSptXv. AXmXv tImtdj\pIfpw ap\nkn
mennIfpwXs kwkvIcWw ]qambn GsSpWw. Atm
\nban AXv tNXpsImv {]tXyInv Fsnepw KpWap
mIptam?
tUm. Sn Fw tXmakv sFkIv: k, \nban ]d Imcyw
Rm AwKo I cn p p. ]t, hn tI{ oIcW kwkv IcW
]Xnbn\nv hoSpIsf hnpIfp.
\KcImcyhpw \yq\]tahpw hIppa{n ({io. afmwIpgn
Aen): k, hoSv hnpIfX. honep amen\yw kwkvIcnp
Xn\pthn ss]v ItmnMv XpSn ap Fm kuIcyfpw
sNbvXpsImSpppv. ]t \nba]cambn hopImXs kwkvI
cnWsamhiysSm Ignbn. ImcWw CXphsc amen\yw kwkvIcn
ncpXv ap\nknmennbpw tImtdj\pw ]mbpIfpamWv. AXv
AhcpsS DchmZnXzambXn\m Ah Xs sNWw. Fm
ss]v ItmnMv t]msebp amen\y kwkvIcW mpI m]n
p Xn\v Ahsc \ t{]mm lnnWw. asmcp Imcyw
Amdphjw app IWp{]Imcw HcpZnhkw tIcfnepm
IpXv 8500 S amen\yamWv. AXv Ctm hfsc IqSnbnpmIpw.
6 mnepw IqSn Hcp Znhkw 2000 S amen\yw am{Xta t{]mkkv
sNm IgnbpIbpq. AXpsImv thv e`nmsX hcp nXn
Dmhn.
139
tUm. Sn. Fw. tXmakv sFkIv: k, _lpam\s hn Un kXo
i ]dXv Kuchap ImcyamWv. Cu \nbanse kao]\w AwKo
Icnv \SmpIbmsWn tI{oIrX mv {]hnnm\p
ssPhamen\yw Inn. Bepg ap\nknmennbn 190 S amen\yw
Hcp ZnhkapmIpp FmWv HutZymKnI IWv. AXns ]IpXntb
DmIq FmWv Fs IWv. AhnsS sshZypXn Dev]mZnnm\p
Hcp mv m]nWsapsn an\naw 50 S amen\yw e`n
WsamWv ]dbpXv. Bepg ap\nknmennbn Bhiyn\v amen
\yw CmXpsImv tNebpwIqSn tNv Hmm ]ptam
sbv t\mnbncpp. Fm Bepgbn Ctm amen\yw t{kmX
ns kwkv Icn p Xn \p thn hen sbmcp _lp P\
{]m\n\v XpSwIpdnncnpIbmWv. \psS honse Iqknse
amen\yw hons kwkvIcnm Ignbpsan FpsImv
ASpfbnse amen\yhpw hons kwkvIcnpIqtS Fv tNmZn
ptm BmcpsS a\n Xdbvpw. asmcp Imcyw ]mNIhm
XIn\v hne IqSpIbpw e`nm _pnappmhpIbpw sNbvXtXm
Sp IqSn ]mNIhmX I n \p ] Icw _tbm K ymkv D] tbm Kn m \p
Xmev ] cyw hn XmWv . CXns ASn m \ n hoSp I fn
_tbmKymkv mv kzoImcyamWv. Fpam{Xa _tbmKymkv mv
m]n hopIm ASp hoSpIfnse amen\ywIqSn tiJcnm Xm
dmWv. 4 t]cp Hcp IpSpw_nse amen\yw D]tbmKnm Hc
aWnq D]tbmKnm\p ]mNIhmXIw e`npw. ASpp 4
hoSpIfnse amen\ywIqSn tiJcnv D]tbmKnm ]pdp\np ]mN
I hm X I ns Bh iyw hcp n. AXp sImv hoSp I fp ambn
_sv eLp dpI Dmm km[npw.
IpdphoSpI amen\yw kwkvIcnm Xmev]cyanmhcpm
Ipw. Ahpthn IayqWnn _tbmKymkv mpI m]nmw.
tImf \n I fp ambn _ sv tImf \n I fnse shw NqSm m\mbn
AhnsS Ia yq Wnn _tbmKymkv m v D]tbmKnmw. Iqkv
thpwIqSn FSpmWv AhnsS Hcp amen\y mv m]npXv.
CXv \Snembm G{]nsabv amkamIptm 10 hmUpIfnsenepw
amen\yw ]pdtbvv sImpt]mtIXmbn hcn. Cusbmcp kao
]\w hm 50 S amen\yw Znhkhpw \evImsav Icmdpmn
bm \evIm km[nptam; FdWmIpfv sImSpm Igntm?
{io. afmwIpgn Aen: Av Bepgbn \Sp amen\y
kwkvIcWw Fm Fw F F amcpw A\pIcntXmWv. ChnsS
\psS {]iv\w CXpt]mep kwhn[m\ \Smm Dtinm
\psS P\{]Xn\n[nI AXv Fs aWvUen th F coXn
bnemWv ]etmgpw ]dbpXv. CXv \ coXnbn \Snemnbm
Xobmbpw hnPbnpw. Fm \psS Ncn{XsaSpv t\mnbm
800 tImSntbmfw cq] CXpt]mep amen\ykwkvIcW mpIfpm
m tIcfn sNehgnp. 95 iXam\w mpIfpw Cv hv
sNpn. \ DZmlcWw hnfnimebmWv. Ign Ipsd hj
140
fmbn hnfnimebn amen\yw dump sNpIbmbncpp. cc
ew Stmfw amen\yw AhnsS IppIqSn InSpIbpw P\
revolt sNpIbpw sNbvXp. CXns XpSbmbmWv tIcfnse Fm
efnepw {]iv \fpmbXv . Av ]dbpXpt]mse DdhnS
ns amen\yw kwkvIcnpXn\v amIvknaw {ianppv.
Av hfsc \ ImcyamWv Bepgbn sNpXv. AXpt]mse
Fmhcpw sNbvXmtmepw tI{oIrX mpIfntebvmhiyamb
amen\yapmIpw.
{io. hn inhIpn: _lpam\s a{n hnfnimesbpdnv
]dXv icnb. Ctm tIcfnse amen\y{]iv\w cqamnbXpw
tUm. Sn Fw tXmakv sFkIv ]dXpt]mse hntI{oIcnv ctm
aqtm hmUpI tNpsImv mpI Bcw`npXn\p XS
hpw {]iv\fpw DmnbncnpXv kwm\ KhsamWv.
_lpam\s a{nbpw Khsans P\{]Xn\n[nIfpw mv Xpd
Wsav Xocpam\np. AhnsS Khsans GXmv 50 G
`qan tImtdjs ssIhiapv. 12 G 65 skv `qanbnemWv
mv m]nXv. hnfnimebn 90 S amen\yw kwkvIcnW
sav Ahkm\w kp{]owtImSXnbpw ]dp. \Stm?
Xncph\]pcv FhnsSsbnepw Hcp ev Hcp temUv amen
\yw \nt]nm _lpam\s a{n hnNmcnnv \Stm; Hcp temUv
Nh Xncph\]pcw Pnbn sImnSpXn\v GsXnepw Fw F
Ftbm P\{]Xn\n[nItfm kXnnptm? kXnn. hnfnime
bn kp{]owtImSXn hn[n Dmbnpt]mepw Khsav mv Xpd
m XmdmImXmWv AXn\p{][m\ImcWw. Cu \nbaw ]mkm
nbmepw AXv \Snsp Imcyw DdmWv.
an. kv]o : sbkv......... (_lfw)........... okv.............. .........
(_lfw)...........kabw tUm. tXmakv sFkn\mWv.
tUm. Sn Fw tXmakv sFkIv : k, BfpIsf shSnhpsIm
m ]n. {io. hn inhIpn ]dXv .......(_lfw)............. bYm
n amen\y{]iv\w kzbw ]cnlcnsSn; CSs]Sm Xocpam\nXv
AXv kp{]owtImSXn Xocpam\ns ASnm\nemWv. ]s,
_ew {]tbmKnpw BfpIsf shSnhpw Hpw sNm ]n.
]t, Acnsemcp Acow krjvSnXn\v DchmZn
bmsc tNmZyn\mWv inhIpn hniZoIcnv adp]Sn ]dXv.
F\nv AXnt\mSv tbmPnmWv. F\nv ]nmse {]kwKnp {io.
]n {iocmaIrjvW AXns\pdnv hniZambn ]dbpsapXpsIm
v Rm AXntebvv ISpn.
_nn\npw kzev]w amdnbnmsWnepw ]dbs. \apv ]nb
Ghpw DNnXamb amw Kymkn^ntj\smWv Fs hyn]c
amb A`n{]mbw. ASnm\]cambn \apv cpXcn amen\yw
kwkvIcnmw. Hv, ssPhkwkvIcWw. cmaXv, Kymkn^ntj\pw.
AXp hgn Ce Iv {Sn knnbnte bv .v As n Ckn \n tdjs
NqSn\npw CeIv{Snknn Dmmw. AXpasn ss]e ssdtk
141
j\n\npw Ce Iv {Sn knn Dm mw. Chbn Ghpw \Xv
ssPhkwkvIcWw BsWmWv Fs A`n{]mbw. FpsIms
m amen\yns 80 iXam\hpw ssPhamen\yamWv. 20 iXam\w
am{XamWv _mnhcpXv. ipNnXzanjs IWp{]Imcw tIcfnse
amen\yn ssPhw 7183 iXam\hpw t] t_mUv 35 iXam\hpw
mnIv, d, mkv, temlw 59 iXam\w \nmWmhinjvSw 511
iXam\hpamWv. HmKm\nIv t{]mkkv hfsc efnXamWv. F{Xtbm
Imew apX XpS n b XmWv Itm nMv . shdpsX Iqn bn m
NqSpsImv kzbw Zlnv Itmv sNsSpw. CXv \psSbmcpsSbpw
Ip]nSna.
Ctm {]Ncnnp ss]v ItmnMv BcmWv Cthv
sNbv XXv ? sNnhnfmIw hmUnse {io. cho{\pw {ioaXn N{nI
bpamWv. AhcpsS hon\papn InS tIm{Iov ss]n\pn
amen\yw \nt]np. Ipdp\m Igntm AXv \ hfambn.
B hon 34 hjambn Cu hfap]tbmKnv sSdknhscbpw Irjn
sNpp. tIm{Iov ss]v th. ]n hn kn ss]v aXnsbv ]noSp
h amamWv. \mnse Hcp km[mcWmc\mWv ss]p Itmv
BhnjvIcnXv. Asn Xriqcpw apw D]tbmKnp Xpqaqgn
tamU FSpmw. Iv ASpn t_mIvkv t]msebpmn AXn
amen\yhpw NmWIhpw DWbnebpw ASppIfmbn \nt]nm
aXn. so simple, elementary. cm a tXv _tbm K ymkv Dm
anaerobic BWv. _tbmKymkv Dmp mpI ]eXcapv. AXn
te smpw Rm IS p n . aqm a tXv shan ItmnMv .
CXmWv aqv Xcnep ssPhkwkvIcW coXnI. GXpkm[mc
Wmc\pw ssInSnbn HXpp ImcyamWv. CXv t{]mmlnn
pXn\p ]Icw hInS Kymkn^ntj\nepw apamWv kmcns
{i.
temdbpsS t{]mPIvSpI kw_n hniZamb dntmv Blue
ridge and Environmental League Cdnbnpv. aqp Xcnep Kym
kn^ntj. Hv, Ckn\tdj. AXv 6501000 Un{Kn skjy
kn InpXmWv. IpdpIqSn Dbn 10001400 Un{Kn Bnbn
psn Kymkn^ntj\mbn. ss]tdmenknkv Fp]dbpXv
AXnepapb Dujvamhn amen\yw hnLSnnpXmWv. temdbpsS
Kymkn^ntj sSIvt\mfPn ss]temdnknkv BWv. kabsaSpp
sapXpsImv hniZambn hmbnpn. Cu t{]mkkneqsS Dm
Ip tSmIvknkv thv Dmp {]iv\ ]cntim[nsnn
sp ASnm\ hnai\amWv dntmn ]dbpXv. Dcns;
Gasification facilitate to produce gas, primarily carbonmonoxide
and hydrogen plus hydrocarbon oil, char and ash. The ash which re-
mains after gasification 8 to 15% of original volume is toxic and pres-
ence social problems because of acidic or low PH conditions in the
landfills leaching of toxic metals cadmium, led and mercury occurs
more rapidly at low PH, resulting in contaminated ground water. Fp
142
am{Xa dntmn ]dbpXv Kymkn^ntj t{]mkkv 280 Fw
Ign 5 hjn\pn Atacnbn Uo Ioj sNbvXpsh
mWv. Cu k{Zmbw FSppNmSn kzoIcnt Hsv ssSwkv
Hm^v CUybn h Cu dntmn hfsc hyambn ]dbpp.
CXv hfsc Kuchamb {]iv\amWv. 1000 Ckn\td hmn tIcfw
apgph Inm t]mbm AXv sXmWv. ]{Xdntmv sXmWv.
\KcImcyhpw \yq\]tahpw hIppa{n ({io. afmw Ipgn
Aen): k, tUm. Sn Fw tXmakv sFknt\mSv F\nsmc`y\
bpv. ]{Xn ImWpXv Zbhv sNbvXv hnizkncpXv. 1000 Ckn
\td hmnbm AsXhnsSbmWv ]mv sNpXv? tZim`nam\n
]{Xn Ccnsemcp hm Rm IXmWv.
tUm. Sn. Fw. tXmakv sFkIv: k, Fs sXnmcW Rm
Xncpn. dntmns Ahkm\w tIq; Gasification of solid waste
house hold garbage and commercial waste products were used by in
United States in 1970s but those Plants were closed because of operat-
ing and financial problems. Today there are only handful of pyrolysis
units burning solid waste. CXns ]men Rm ]dbpp,
tIcfn\`nImayw P\fpsS ssInSnbn HXpp HmKm\nIv
t{]mkkv AYhm ssPhkwkvIcWw XsbmWv. As\sbmcp kao
]\w hyambns \psS \nban hcpXv \XmsWmWv
Fs A`n{]mbw.
mnIv kw_nv hyh \nbat`ZKXnbn Dv . ]t,
mnIv \ntcm [n p I b sNpXv . AXn\p]Icw mn v
Iymcn_mKpIv Ipd hne \nbnm\p A[nImcw ap\nkn
mennv \evIpIbmWv. Cu hne\nbnen\v Fv sanctity Dm
hpsav Fmhpadnbmw. C{X hnebvv mnIv hnWsav ]d
m \Sptam? Bsc nepw _ns gp Xn bmtWm hnp Xv ;
Atm AXv CÎvSohv BhpIbn.
CÎvSohv BbnpXv C{X ssat{ImWns Iognep mkvnIv
tIcfn hnmsa \nbaw ]mkmpIbmWv. Cu hIpv t`Z
KXn sNWw. Fn\mWv Xdhne \nbnpXv? mnns an\naw
hne Dbn \nbnm mnIv BfpI hmnspXmWv \nb
ans ]nnep A\pam\w. ]t, \nbnp hnebvv Fs
nepw ChnsS mnIv hnp tam? CXp \Smm ]p
hyhb. CXn\p]Icw Av Cu \nban sNtXv \nnX
ssat{ImWn\v Xmsgbp mnIv \ntcm[npIbmWv.
AtXmsSmw mnIv _mKpIv _Z thWw. mnIv t]mbn
gnm ]Icap]tbmKnm t] _mtKm thsd Fsnepw
_mtKm tht? As\bp _mKv DmpXn\p GmSv
thWw. AhnsSbmWv amen\y \nm\ ^ns Imcyw hcpXv.
apknmenn CuSmp amen \y \nmP\ ^n ]ng bn
\np ]Wtabpq. kmcn\v \nbawaqew A[nIsNeshmpap
mInmsbv _lpam\s a{n adp]Sn ]dp. mnIv D]tbm
143
KnpIbpw AXsn amen\y \nb{W \nba ewLnpIbpw
ap\nknmennbpsS Dchv XnfbpIbpw sNbvXm ]ngin
bpv . AXmWv Cu ^n tebv v hcp Xv FmWtm Ap
]dXv. AXn\v Xpeyambnp amnMv {Kmv kwm\ km
\evIWw. Atm AsXmcp CskohmIpw. AXsn AhcpsS
^p am{Xambnv Fm Imcyw? \nban Hcp tmkv Dv. km
cn\v thWsan \evImw. \evIp ]Whpw DsSppw. Csv
Av ]dXpsImmWv Rm ]dbpXv. AXpmbncpsn
^n\mjy satmdmn ImWntnhcpambncpp. may
Fp ]dXpsImv km sImSpWsan, AXpsImv
^n\mkv satmdmn hbvWsanm FmWv Ap ]d
Xv. ]s Rm ]dbpXv, tImSnWn\v cq]sbmpw hcn.
Atm ]tm ]Xn\tm ew cq]bmWv ]ngbmbn ]ncnm Ign
bpXv. AXn\p Xpeyamb XpI ap\nknmennIv amnMv {Kmmbn
\evIWw. Cs ipNnXz ]cn]mSnbpsS ASnm\ t]mcmbva s{]m
Uyqkp ktmn FXmWv. AXn\v Cu ^v D]tbmKs
SpWsamWv Fs A`n{]mbw. DZmlcWn\v _Zembn IpSpw
_{iotbm thsd Bscneptam t] _mKvkv Dmp Hcp bqWn
p XpSnbm AXns\ \ ktmv sNWw. AXn\v Cu ^v
D]tbmKnWw.
CXphsc aen\oIcW \nb{W FIypvsavkns {]NmcW
n\pthnbmWv ]Ww sNehgnpXv. Unamv sskUnemWv ]q
CS s] S. 50 iX am\w k_v kn Un km sImSp p w.
apknmennv 25 iXam\w k_vknUn \evIpw. ap\nkn SmIvkn
\nv Cfhpw \evIpw. Atm BfpIv hmm Xmev]cyapm
Ipw. AXmWv Unamv sskUv Cshj Fp]dbpXv. As\
Unamv IqSptm km[mcWKXnbn hneIqSpw. hneIqSptm Cu
]dbp _tbm Kymkv mpw ss]v Itmpw t] _mKpsamw
IqSpX Dev]mZnnsSpw. Atm AhbpsS e`yX IqSpw. CXmWv
AXns ]nnep Xzw. ]s \ _tbmKymkv mntbpw
ss]v Itmntbpsams hne \nbnpI gnp. B hne \n
bnncnpXmhs k_vknUn \evIppXn\pthnbnp Afhn\p
thnbnmWv. bYmn Fs {]mtbmKnIambnp A\p`hw
Cu hnebv v _tbmKymkv \ev IpI henb _pn ap m sWmWv .
AXmWv _tbmKymkv mv InmXv. Ghpw sNehv Ipd 13,500
cq]bpsS t]m_n _tbmKymkv mmWv Bepg hbvm Xocp
am\nXv. cmbncw _tbmKymkv mv Dsn Cv hbvmw.
XeIpn \Sp t\mnbnv BImsS InnbnpXv 300 400 Fw
am{Xtabpq. AXpsImv Ahkm\ambtm AhnsS ss^_mkv
Dmp Hcp t_mvbmUnse DSa\pambn Icm Dmm Xocp
am\np. AhnsSsNv IWpIqnIgntm ]Xn\mbncw cq]
bpsnte Dmm Ignbq. 5000 Fn\v HmU Hcpanv sImSp
tm 14,500 cq]bmbn sNehp Ipdp. Fs\ Cu hnebvp
144
mpI hmm Ignbpw? km hne \nbnncnpIbt.
s{]mUyqk sskUnepw kss sskUnepw Hcp ktmv sImSp
m XmdmIWw.
_lpam\s [\Imcy hIppa{n ChnsSbn. Rm Hcp
A`y\ hbv pIbmWv . _tbmKymkv mns hmv SmIv kv amnbm
13,500 cq]bvv AXp e`yampXn\v \apv Ignbpw. SmIvkv hbvp
Xn\v Fv \ymbamWpXv? _tbmKymkv mv hm ap\nknm
ennbpsS _nUnMv SmIvkn 30 iXam\w CfhpsImSppw. AXv
kwm\ kmcns In \n adnv ap\nknmennbpsS
^n\nt t]mIpXv. Fm kwm\ km B _tbm
Kymkv mn\v 5 iXam\w SmIvkpw ss]v Itmn\v 5 iXam\w
SmIvkpw Npappv. AXpsImv Cu \nbaw ]mkmIp thf
bn _lp am \ s [\ Im cy hIp p a{n \psS kwm \s
Ghpw henb Hcp kmaqly {]iv\n\v ]cnlmcw ImWpXns
`mKambn Cu Ap iXam\w SmIvkv HgnhmpI.
bYm {]iv\w Rm ]dpIgnp. Unamv F{X IqSn
bmepw ]ebnSfnepw Cu hnebvv \evIpXn\v henb _pnapv
hcnIbmWv. AXpsImv Cu SmIvkv HgnhmpI. Rm ]dph
Xv Hv, amen\y \nm\ ^v A]cym]vXamWv. amnMv {Kmn
\v hyh thWw. cv, Cu ^mhs s{]mUyqkkv k_vknUn
bmbn ampXn\v apknmennIv A\phmZw \evIWw.
Cu _nn Cm cp Imcyfpv. Hv, C{X hym]Iambn
_tbmKymkv mpI hpIgnm ]ns AXv {]hnWsa
n kokv Sow thWw. Ctm Xncph\]pcv 38,000 ss]v
Itmv mpI hnpv. Cu ss]v Itmv mpI hn
p ev shw Dudp eamsWn ]pgphcpw. CSbvn
Sbvv Bscnepw t]mbn Aev]w NmWIsanepw XfnWw. Cc
nep Imcy sNm\p kokv Sow Csn CXv Ipdp
Ignbptm Cfn Iftbnhcpw. tIcfn hnp apgph
_tbmKymkv mpIfpsS A\p`hw CXmWv. AXpsImv Hcp kokv
Soans\ hbvm ap\nknmenn _myamWv Fv \n Cu
_nn hyh sNWsamWv Fs A`n{]mbw.
ChnsS 334 (kn)bn thpI XncnphmpXn\v Dev]mZI
cpambn ap\nknmenn Icm Dmmsav hyh sNbvXnpv. Fn
\mWv ap\nknmenn Icm DmpXv? ]mmXy cmPyfn
Cthv, __pI Chsbms FhnsS\nv hmntm AhnsS
Xncnp hmm _mycmWv. Hcp ISbn\nv ]pXnb Hcp __v
hmptm ]gb __v Xncnv hmWw. kn F^v F emv
FmbnSpw hcpp. AXv sapdnbpXt. AXhntSbpw Chn
tSbpw InSpIgnm Fsms Kuchamb {]iv\fmWv Dm
IpXv. AXpsImv ]pXnb __v hmptm ]gb __v Xncn
psImSpm hmnm ISmc _my\msWv Cu \nba
n hyh sNWw. B coXnbn ap\nknmenn IhSmcp
145
ambn IcmdpmWw.
{io. ]mtemSv chn: \ Hmtcm ep\npw hmpXv Xncnv
ISmv sImSpm ISm CXv _mbn sImphv Hmtcm
efn sImpsNnSpw.
{io. tXmakv sFkIv: \apdnbmatm F{X ISm __v
hnppspXv. Ah Iqmbn __v Unkvt]mkv sNm
\p knapmWw. CXv Fm cmPyfnepw \Sp ImcyamWv.
\n __v hmptm ]gb __v XncnpsImSpm Xncn
sSpm ISm _mycmWv.
\KcImcyhpw \yq\]tahqw hIppa{n ({io. afmwIpgn
Aen) : k, __ns Imcyn hntZicmPyfn tPmensNp
h \mn Xncnphcptm ]ncp]Xv _s_nepw km[mcW
KXnbn sImphcmdpv. Fs\bmWv AXv \apv ChnsS \nv
Xncnbbvm km[npXv. Not possible. AXpam{Xhpa ChnsS
]dXpt]mse __v hmnb epXs ]gbXmIptm
XncnpsImSpp Hcp knw Cybn FhntSbpan.
an. kv]o: _lpam\s an\n, Atbvv Cu Nbvp
tijw adp]Sn ]dbm\p kàpv. Asn kabw A\ambn
\opt]mIpw.
tUm. Sn Fw tXmakv sFkIv: _lpam\s kv]o, Rm
\nban\pn\npsImv am{XamWv kwkmcnpXv. AmsX
cmjv{Sob Imcysfmpw ]dbpn.
an. kv]o: AXpicnbmWv. Av 40 an\nv FSpp. AXp
sImv ]dXmWv.
tUm. Sn Fw tXmakv sFkIv: Rm thKw Ahkm\nnmw.
F{X iXam\w hcpw ]pdp\npw hcp __pI?
{io. afmwIpgn Aen: 20%tmfw hcpw.
tUm. Sn Fw tXmakv sFkIv: A{Xsbmpw hcnIbn. This is
the only way of handling it. Cs\bp Cthv XpSnbh GXv
ISbn\nv hmp p thm AhpXs D]tbmKiq\yam bh
XncnpsImSpm _myXbpapv. Cybnsepansn tIcfw
Cmcyn Hcp amXrI ImWnWw. \apv AXn\pthn \nbaap
mWw. FmWv AXnsemcp XSapXv? Hphmptm
]gbXv Xncnv hmWw. Fnv ap\nknmenn IhSmtcmSv ]d
bWw \nsfmpw sNt, Chn sS smp hv Xm aXn,
R tlmskbnembn amnsmmsav. AXpsImv B tmkv
Ccn IqSpX IiamWw FpXmWv Fs A`n
{]mbw.
Ccn hntI{oIcWw \SWsapsn km D
chndnbntm \nbaw ]mkmnbntm Imcyan. AXpthWw, AtXm
sSmwXs P\sf BsI AWn\ncm Ignbp Hcp {]m\
n\v cq]w\evIWw. tIcfn \apXn\v Ignnn. AXmWv
{]iv\w. AXnsemcp henb ]v kmcn\pv. AXv kmXs
146
kzbw ]cntim[npXv \XmWv. Cu Khsav \nehn hnv
Ctm cv hjamIm t]mIptm, _tbmKymkv mpIfpsS
k_vknUn Dchv FmWv CdnbXv? \mtem Atm amkw ap
t; AXphscbpw Bsnepw Cu _tbmKymkv mpI sImSp
m Ignbpambncptm?
Rm AXncphnp ]dbpX, Fs Hcp A\p`hw Rm Cu
\nbak`bn ]dXv hopw BhnpIbmWv. Bepgbn
Hcp {]iv \w hp hnf nim e bn te Xp t]m se Xs ka cw.
AhnsStmbn ]dp, Hcp hjn\pn ChnSs amen\yw apgp
h\pw ampw. 40 hjambn Uw]v sNbvXpsImncnpXmWv. sXmgn
epdv ]Xn D]tbmKsSpn Cu av ChnsS\npw ammw, Ahin
jvSsfmw thsd emv ^nnn\v D]tbmKnmw, As\ AXv
o\mmw, Fnv mv `wKnbmbn {]hnnmw. Rm \mep
satmdmw sImSpp. AbpsS apKmanbpambn Hmôkn Hcp
aonMv \Sn. \psS ]mbv a{n AhnsS hv aonMv \Sn,
_lpam\s apJya{nv cp satmdmw \evIn. Ign kok
Wn ag hcpXphsc A\nbn, ag s]bvXpIgnm Bs
nepw Cu sNfnbn Cdm Ignbptam; AXns êsambncp
p? ag htXmSp IqSn kacambn. Bepg ap\nknmenn apgph\pw
amen\yw \ndnt? C\n P\phcnbn t\mmsap]dv agme
v Dchndn. CXv t\cs sNm FmWv XSw?
CXpambn _sXmWv Xncph\]pcs kw`hhpw. Xncph
\]pcs hnai\samWv? Cs\sbmcp {]iv\apsv tIm
tdj\pw AwKoIcnpp. eonMv XSbpXn\pthnbp mv
{]hnpn, AXv {]hnnWw, bmsXmcp kwibhpan.
emv ^nnn\v Ifnav D]tbmKnp coXn thWw. Ccnep
amsfmw AhnsS hcptXmWv. AXv hcpm\p {ian\n
Sbn kzm`mhnIambpw {]tm`w hcpp. Fv ASnm\nemWv
`cWnhv GXm\pw amkw Igntmgp tbmKn Cu mv
C\n Xpdn Fv _lpam\s apJya{n {]Jym]nXv.
AXv ]dXn\ptijw ]ns CXv BcpsSsbnepw ssIbn
\nevptam; Bscnepw ]nSnm \nevptam?
{io. ]n kn tPmPv: tImSXn ]dXmWv.
tUm. Sn Fw tXmakv sFkIv: tImSXnb, tbmKn\ptijw
AXv apJya{n {]Jym]np. {]Jym]nXn\ptijw CXv BcpsSbpw
ssIbne. t\Sm ]p Hcp ImcyamWnsXv tXmngnp.
]noSp CSs]SepIsfmw s]mfnbpIbt sNbvXXv?
{io. hn Un kXoi: Av hnfnimebpsS hnjbw ]dp.
CtX hnjbw XsbmWv sImn tImtdj\nse {_]pcw mn
epapmbXv. \Kcnse apgph thpwIqSn, bmsXmcp {Sovsav
kwhn[m\hpanmsX \Kcns apgph thv _mkvImbn {Kma
sf ampXv icnbmtWm? tIcf \nbak`bpsS ]cnnXn kanXn
{_]pcw mv kinXmWv. AhnsS Uw]nMv bmUv am{XamWv.
147
{Sovsav mv AhnsSbn, AXv Uo^Mvj\nmWv. AXns sXm
Sp hoSv kinpIbpmbn. F\nv Ctmgpw Hmbpv, Hcp
]mbn Hcp Idp cq]w InSpp, sNdnb \ofap cq]w. B
honse kv{Xo Hcp ]{XsaSpv hoin. Hcp hbv {]mbap Hcp
sImpIpnbmbncpp AXv. B sImpIpnbpsS aosX CuI
s]mXnnv Hcp Idp cq]ambncnpXmWv. B es hoSpI
fnsempw `Ww hv Ignm ]n, AhntSbvv Hcp Kn\v hcm
IgnbpIbn, Hcp IeymWmtemN\ \Sn. \Kcnse thv apgph\pw
{Kmafn sImpt]mbn Uw]v sNbvXv AhnsSbp BfpI apgp
h\pw CXv A\p`hnWsav ]dm CXv `cWLS\mhncpamb
Hcp ImcyamWv. AhnsS {Sovsav mtm av kwhn[m\tfm Hcp
kvsapanmsX BfpIv _pnapnmhn[w XpSnbncppsh
n Cu kacw AhnsS DmIpambncptm? AXv CXphsc ]cnlcn
snn. B hnjbw ]cnlcnsSmsX \n \Kcfnse thv
apgph\pw {Kmafn sImpt]mbn CSWsav GXv Khsav Xocp
am\nmepw tIcfn Hcp epw AXv \SmIm t]mIpn.
tUm. Sn Fw tXmakv sFkIv : Fs \n e ]mSv \n
]dbptXb, {io. hn Un kXoi. Fs \ne]mSv Hmtcm hon
tebpw amen\y AhnsSs kwkvIcnWsapXmWv. ]pd
psImpt]mIWw FpX. ]s Fsms hmepw Hcp
\Kcn\v Hcp mUvss_ tI{oIrX mv IqSntbXocq. AXv Hgn
hmm IgnbpIbn. AtXkabw Hcp amt\Pn_n enanntev
Atmtbvv t]mIp thv ]cnanXsSpm IgnbWw. AXn\p
Ignbp ImcyfmWv Rm \nbahpambn _sv ]dXv.
Rm Ahkm\nnpIbmWv, Atm Ah[m\XtbmsSbm
\ne]mSpI Cs nXnhntijw hcppXn henb ]v hln
npv F hnai\amWv F\npXv. Rm IqSpX hniZoIcn
pn. C\nbp \ncmIcW Nbn ]sSpph AXns\p
dnv hniZambn ]dbpw. Cu HmUn\kv \ncmIcnpXn\v ImcWw
hniZoIcnp. t`ZKXnI A]cym]vXamWv. k_vPIvSv Innbn
Rm\n , k_v PIv Sv In n bn ep AwK ]cn tim [n v
CsXmsamv DsSpngnm Hcp kwibhpan \psS amen
\y {]Xnkn ]cnlcnpXn\v Cu \nba t`ZKXn hfsc klmbI
cambnocpw. Acn am hcpm XmdmIWw.
1262014\v tIcf ]mbv cmPv (cmw t`ZKXn) _nn\v
t`ZKXn AhXcnnpsImp \Snb {]kwKnse amen\y
kwkvIcWs kw_np `mKw
tUm. Sn Fw tXmakv sFkIv : k, 2014se tIcf ]mbv
cmPv (cmw t`ZKXn) _n Hcp skeIvSv InnbpsS ]cnKW\bvv
AbbvWsa 2 (_n) \ t`ZKXn Rm AhXcnnpp.
Cu _nnse {][m\s hIppI FmsWpffXv F\np
app kwkmcn _lp am \ s sI F F JmZ hni Zo I cnp
IgnXmWv . AXpsImv As\sbmcp AhtemI\ntebv v
148
Rm ISpn. AXn Ghpw {][m\sXmbn F\nv tXmn
bXv amen\y kwkvIcWw kw_n hIpmWv. ImcWw AXn ]d
ncnp Imcy, Cu hIppambn _sv CXn\p apv hn
p t`ZKXnI, \psS \mn Ign cp ]Xnmn\nSbn
hnp ]pXnb Aht_m[nsbpw tIcfns ùXnI kml
Ncyfn hnp amfpsSbpw Nqp]eIbmWv.
1994se aqe \nbans 170mas hIpn ]dbpXv All
rubbish, sewage and other matter collected by a village/panchayath un-
der this act shall belong to it and may be disposed by the same by
auction or otherwise. CXpIqSmsX hcpXmWv 219mw hIpv. AXm
Wntm t`ZKXn sNpXv. AXn XomS\ tI{fn ]m
bpIv sNm Ignbp ImcysfpdnmWv ]dnpXv.
AXpw Ctm t`ZKXnbneqsS Ctm hn]peoIcnppv.
dojpw kzoth Pp samw ]m b ns kzm bn cnpw.
Ahcm Ign bp coXn bn Un kv t]mkv sNs FmWv
aqe\nbans 170mw hIpp krjvSn s]mXp Aht_m[w. \mn
]pdv amen\yw Kuchamb Hcp {]iv\ambn FSpncpn. hensdn
mepw AXp ]dns InS p Nop hfambn smp w.
Kuchamb Hcp {]iv\ambn Bcpw AXp Incpn.
Imew amdnsbnepw Cu ioen\pw Nnbvpw Hcp amhpw
hnn. Ctm ]pXnb \Kc {]tZifpw SujnpIfpw hcnI
bmWv. P\hmkw IqSnbnpv. PohnX ssienbn amw hnpv.
kwkvIcn Dev] btYjvSw e`yamWv. AXns ]mtPpw
apw amen\yfpsS Afhp hnnpp. CsXms ]cnKWnmWv
1999 Cu hIpv t`ZKXn sNbvXXv. AmWv A apX S hscbp
D]hIppI tNXv.
AXn\npw Hcp amw ]pXnb t`ZKXnbnepsvv aqe\nbaw
]cntim[ntm a\nembn. 1999 se t`ZKXnbpsS {]tXyIX amen\y
kwkv IcWw ]mbns DchmZnXzw am{Xambn ImWpp
FXmWv. \mpImcpsS DchmZnXztam NpaXeItfm Hpw \nNn
nn. amen\yw sXcphn\npw \ow sNpI, Xqv hrnbmp
I, hoSv hoSmcw t]mbn IfIvSv sNpI CsXms ]mbns
NpaXebmbn Av \nNnp. ]mbpI ]dbpXp t]mse kw`
c Wn Ifn kq n W sa IhyamWv hopSap
sNm\pmbncpXv. kw`cWnbn\nv s]mXp kw`cWnbntebvv
amm\p NpaXebpw ]mbns\ Gev]np. D apX U hscbp
hIppIfneqsS 2009 \nbaw hopw t`ZKXn sNbvXp. Ah Peaen
\oIcWns\Xncmbnp hIppIfmWv. Pemibfntebvv hen
sdnbm ]mSn. Ctmgs \nbat`ZKXnbnse ]pXnb hyhIfpw
t]mcm FmWv A`n{]mbw. AXpsImmWv CXv skeIvSv Innv
Abbv Wsav Rm BhiysSpXv . CXv Kuchambn N
sNbvXv Xocpam\nt hnjbfmWv. skeIvSv Innv Abbv
Wsa Imcyw `cW]w Xnfmepw k_vPIvSv Inn IqSp
149
tm Rm hbvp Nne \nti ]cnKWnm AXv \mSn\v
\mbncnpsav F\nv tXmpp.
DdhnSns Ch kwkvIcnWw F \ntin\nv
Fs hnai\w Bcw`ns. amen\ykwkvIcWn BZyw thXv
thXncnemWv (Segregation). thXncnenmsX Hcp kwkvIcWhpw
kmya. Cs\ thXncnm hopImt Ignbq. thXncnmsX
amen\yw tiJcnpXmWv ap\nknm en n I fp sS sbmw ]cm
PbImcWw. thXncnm amen\y sImp t]mbn Acn
mthn Cm Acnv Znhkhpw tISmIpw. AXpsImv thXncn
AXymt]nXamWv. Ccn thXncnens\pdnv Hcp
D]hIpv tNXv \Xv. AXns ]cnanXn FmsWphm 400
kv Izb ao dn IqSpX hnkv Xr Xn bp hoSp I sk{K tKv
sNbvXm aXnsbmWv ]dbpXv. CXns\v AamWpXv?
10000 NXpc{i ASn hnkvXoap hopImcpw av m]\fpw
thXn cn \S n bm aXn tbm? B hoSp I fn Av
iXam\wt]mepw sk{KtKv sNWsav Cu \nbaw A\pimknp
n. CXv Ghpw henb sXmWv. Fm hoSpIfnepw kwkvIcW
mv hbvWsatm _tbmKymkv mv hbvWsatm ]dbpXv
icn b . ehpw {]m]v Xn bp sampw Dm IWsan . Fm
honshp thXn cn p Xn\v sNe shm p an . bYmn
\psS hoSv F{X sNdpXmtWm AX\pkcnv sk{KtKj\v {]m[m\yw
hcpp. ImcWw amen\yw hensdnbm ]dn. AsXs\sbnepw
Unkv t]mkv sNWsan ssPhAssPhw thXncnWw. Hcp
\nnX hnkvXrXnp tatebp hoSpIfn kwkvIcW FIyp]vsav
\nampXn\v \np thWsan \n_\ hbvmw.
AXpsImv k_vPIvSv Inn CXv ]cnKWnpI. sk{KtKj thsd
tmmpI. CXmWv Fs Ghpw {][m\s \ntiw. sk{KtK
j\v 400 kvIzb aodn IqSpX hnkvXrXn thWsav ]dbpXv
icnb.
\nban Ctm Nne D]hIppI hyh sNpXv sk{K
tKv sNbvXpIgnm AXv hoSpambn _spXs kwkvIcn
WsamWv. \psS hoSpIfnse Iqkv amen\yw ]pdv hnSpn.
hoSn\pns kwkvIcnpp. Fm ASpfamen\ytmSv
\apv henb AdmWv. AXv hensdnbpp. AXpsImmWv Ah
hon kwkvIcnWsav ]dbpXv icnbmWv. ]t, Fs\bmWv
kwkv I cn t Xv ? AXns hni Zmw i sfms \nb a n
FgpXnhbvt Bhiyaptmsbv _lpam\s a{n tNmZnpw.
ap t`ZKXn bpsS `mKambn aqe\n b a n Nn e Imcy
Ctms ]dnpv. \nfpsS t`ZKXnIp \nba{]m_eyw
hcptmgpw Ah XpScpw. Ah am{Xta DmIq. FpsImv
ka{KXbvp {ianpIqSm?
amen\yfp]tbmKnv cpImcy sNmw. Iqphfw (Itm
v) Dmmw, AXn\v Ignnsn emv ^n sNmw. CXmWv
150
\nehnep \nbaw. ipNnXz anj Ctm emv ^nnMv \ntcm[nn
cn p I bm Wv . 40 hj tmfambn Bepgbn IqSn n S p
mnpw Npw Nhdpw Iqnbnv aqSm\mhpn. As\bptmgpw
\nban emv ^n hncnpIbmWv. emv ^n thsv Rm
]dbpn. Iqphfhpw emv ^npamWv Ctm \nban A\pim
knp cpcoXnI. tIcfnse hoSpIfn _tbmKymkv mv
m]nWsap {]NcWamWv Cv km \SpXv. Cu \nb
an As\sbmcp hmNIw tht? ]gb Iqphfhpw emv ^npw
aXntbm? ASnm\]cambn cp coXnIsfbmWv Cv t{]mmln
npXv. hmbp km kwkvIcnpXmWv ItmnMv.
Itmnpw _tbmKymkv mpw. AXpsImv aqe\nban Iqp
hfhpw emv ^npw am{XapXp amn Cu ]pXnb ImcyIqSn tN
Ww.
_tbmKymkv mv Imbn tIcfn ]cmPbsSpXn\v
cp ImcWfpv. _tbmKymkv Fp]dbpXv hfsc efnXam
sWv tXmmsanepw \nccw {]iv\fpmIpw. IqSpX amen
\y an m AXv {]hn m sX bm Ipw. Bh iy n \n Sm Xn cp m
kqva PohnI \inpt]mIpw. agmev XWpv IqSpXemsW
n Cu {]h\w \SpIbn. AXns ss]v hennSptm
hfv InSpIbmsWn \ocmhn sIn\nv Kymkv t]mImXmIpw.
Cs\bp [mcmfw {]iv\fpmIptm Bscnepw AXv ]cn
tim[npItbm sabnkv \SpItbm sNbvXnsn Xncph\
]pcw tImtdj\n kw`hnXpt]msebmIpw. Fmw Iptdgnbp
tm D]tbmKiq\yamIpw.
_tbmKymkv mv hm AXn\v sabn\kv \SWw. ]m
bns A\nhmcy NpaXebmbn. _tbmKymkv mv hp Ignm
Hcp sabn\kv kvIow DmhWw. \qdv _tbmKymkv mn\v Hcp
sabn\kv t]gvk Fv Nn ]dm aXn. Hcp Fb
IojWdpsS hnebnt Hcp _tbmKymkv mn\v. B FbIoj
WdpIv \q sdn \v HcmfmtWm sabn \kn \pXv ?
_tbmKymkv mns sabn\kv kvIow ]mbns NpaXe
bmmw. apgp h ss]k sImSp t. KpW t`m m hn\np
]n cn pXn \p Xpey amb XpIsbn epw ]mbn \n p
sabn\kv Soan\p sImSpm A\phmZw \evInbm aXn. As
n HcphipIqSn \n _tbmKymkv mv hpsImncnpw.
adphipIqSn D]tbmKiq\yamIpw. AXpsImv Rm ap\nkn
a{ntbmSv hopw ]dbpp, ]Xn hnPbnWsamtm \psS
B{Klw? asmpw \n sNbvXnsnepw hbvp _tbmKymkv
\qsdn\v Hcmshp \nbanm apknmenntm ]mb
nt\m A[nImcw sImSpWw. Hcp koenMv \nbnmw. _mn
KpWt`mmfn\nv ]ncnWw. ]eXn\pw ôkv CuSmmsap
]dbppv. AXv Cu Imcynepw BImatm?
cm a tXv , _tbmKymkv mns\pdnv D]t`mmhns\
151
]TnnWw. AXntm \nban ]dtb Imcyan. ]t,
t_m[hevcWw AYhm C^taj FUyqtj Imbn
hfsc {][m\sXmWv. sF C kn Imbn ]mbns A\nhm
cy NpaXebmWw.
aqmaXmbn, Nne s]mXp kwkv I cW tI{sf p dnpw
hIpn ]cmaiapv. \psS Fm ]mbnepw Hcp sNdnb
hm {Sovsav msnepw thWw. Rm\ntm sk]vtPv Fv ]d
bpn. ]s hm {Sovsav mv thWw. ]mbpIfnsemw
Hcp sImp amv; ]Ww t]msemcp tI{w; Cm esahnsS
bmWv? ChnSs shbvpIv s]mXp _tbmKymkv mpIfpw
Fbvtdm_nIv ItmdpIfpw thnhcpw. Ch \Smm, ]cn]men
m \psS ]mbns {][m\s ISaIfnsemmbn hbv
Ww. Atm aqsambn.
\mematXv, CXmZyambnmWv mnIv Ibdn hcpXv. AXv
hfsc \mbn. CXphscbp \nban mkvnn. AssPhsav
Htm ctm ev ]dnpv. mnIv kw_nv t`ZKXnbnse
\ntitmSv F\nv tbmPnn. Ipd hne \nbnWw. Fp
]dmesav? hne Iqn \nbnpIgnm mnIv Bcpw
hmpIbn FmtWm? \apv t]mbn sNv sNm ]ptam? AXp
sImv mnIv \ntcm [n p Itb amapq. C{X ssat{Im
hscbpXv hnm ]nsv \nban Ii\ambn hyh
sNWw. c,v hnp ISbn\nv ôkv CuSmm\mWv Ctm
]dnpffXv. hnp IS SuWnemsWn ]mbpIm Fp
sNpw; FhnsSt]mbn ]ncnpw? GXp ISbmbmepw mnv _mKpI
D]tbmKnppsn ôkv hbvpI. Ahcn\nv CuSmpI.
AXmWv Hcp Undv.
C\n CtXmsSmw mnv \ntcm[npIbmsWn ]mb
ns ISabmbn _Z ]mtPnMv saocnb e`yamm \nban
hyh sNWw. IpSpw_{io hgn XpWn_mKp mmw, ]gb
\yqkvt]dpIsImp IqSI Dmmw. CsXms \nban
thWtamsbv \n tNmZntmw. Fsmw Imcy Ctm
\nban FgpXnshncnpp. Rm \nbaw apgph hmbnpn.
hmbnm Nncn hcpw. AXpt]mep UobnkmWpXv.
asmv, Ghpw {][m\s Imcyambn tXmpXv Cshbvv
kw_nmWv. CXp kw_nv Hpansp ]dbpn. CXnepv.
\ntiw icnbmWv. AXv t\cs ap\nkn \nbans N
bn ]dnpw AXv an\n kzoIcnn. Xnfp. ]s
Chn sS \n b a n Dv . _n n ]d n cn p Xv Rm
hmbnmw: Acw amen\y. Cthv t]meph, ImcWamIp
km[\ Dev]mZnnpXpw hnXcWw sNpXpamb m]\
fpamtbm Bfpamtbm Acw amen\y, XncnsSpp Icmdn
GstSXpw BWv. Ctm JmZ tNmZntm sapdn emv
Fp sNpsav; thsdmpan sapdn emv hbvWsaps
152
n AXns D]tbmKw Ignv hnh Xs Xncnv hmtnhcpw.
]mmXycmPyfn Cs\bmWv. Ah XncnsSpWw. Xncns
Sp v Ign m Ah Fp sN p p sh p XmWv . AhnsS
tlmskbne Xncnv IfIvSv sNbvXv Unkvt]mkv sNm\p Gm
Spmpp. AXmsX \apv Hmtcm ]mbnepw Cu sapdn
emv {Sov sNm ]ptam; Cshbvv {Sop sNm ]ptam? Atm
CXv hfsc icnbmbnp Hcp \oamWv. Ccw \n_\I hbvp
Xn\v ]mbn\v A[nImcw \evtIXmWv.
Rm CXns thsd Imcyfntev IqSpX ISpn. ]s
\nban IqSpX hyXtbmSpIqSn app hcpnbnp t`ZKXn
IfSw FSpv ]cntim[npsImv ka{Kamb coXnbn ]pXnb hIp
pI tNtXv hfsc {][m\sXmsWv F\nv tXmpp.
amen\y\nm\ ^ntev CuSmp ]ngbvv Xpeyambnp
{Kmv km \evIWsamWv Fs A`y\. Xrq tImtd
j ]ng CuSmm XpSnbnv Gtgm Ftm ew cq]bpsS ]ng
CuSmn. Xrq tImtdj\nep amen\y Nh ]stmse
ImWn. ]v AhnsS Im Nhnm ]nmbncpp. Bscsbnepw
]nSn p I gn bp tm _mn bp ]mn m scmw IqSn tNnv
ip]mibvv t]mImXncpm aXn. Atm amen\y\nm\
^n Ccnsemcp amw hcpWw.

Marunna Manasukal Maalinyamakalunna Theruvukal

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